Ecosystem Profile
CAUCASUSBIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT
FINAL VERSIONJULY 31, 2003
(updated: September 2004)
2
Experts and Contributors
ARMENIA
KANGARLI, T.
LORTKIPANIDZE, B. POLITKO, A.LATIFOV, D.
MACHARASVILI, I.
POLITKO, I.AGAMYAN, L.
MAMMEDOVA, S. NAKHUTSRISHVILI, G.
POLIVANOVA, N.
AGASYAN, A.
MUKHTAROV, I.
NINUA, N.
POPOVICHEV, V.
AKOPYAN, S.
NAJAFOV, A. SERGEEVA, J. PTICHNIKOV, A.
ALAVERDYAN, R.
ORUJEV, Ad. SIKHARULIDZE, Z.
SALPAGAROV, A.
AMBARTSUMYAN, A.
ORUJEV, Al. TARKHNISHVILI, D. SHOVKANOVA, A.
ARUTUNYAN, A.
RAKHMATULINA, I. TOLORDAVA, K. SKOROBOGACH, J.ARZUMANYAN, G.
RAZAEV, R. SPIRIDONOV, V.BALYAN, L.
SADARZADE, R.
TAMOV, M.
DANYELYAN, T.
SAFAROV, S.
IRAN
TUNIEV, B.DAVTYAN, R.
SULEIMANOV, M.
VAISMAN, A.GABRIELYAN, E. SULTANOV, E.
AGHILI, A.
GLYCHIAN, D. FARVAR, M.T.
JENDEREDJIAN, K. JAZEBIZADEH, K.
TURKEY
KAZARYAN, M.
GEORGIA
KAVOUSI, K.
KAZARYAN, H.
MANSURI, J.
ALTINTAS, M.
MANVELYAN, K.
ARABULI, G.
NAGHIZADEH, N. ATAY, S.
MARKARYAN, N.
BERUCHASHVILI, N.
NAJAFI, A.
BIRSEL, A.
MURADYAN, S.
BERUCHASHVILI, G.
NOROUZI, M.
CAN, E.
RUKHKYAN, L. BUKHNIKASHVILI, A.
RAHMANIYAN, M.
CIFTCI, N.
SHASHIKYAN, S.
BUTKHUZI, L.
ZIYAEE, H.
DOMAC, A.
TOVMASYAN, S.
CHEKURISHVILI, Z.
GURKAN, B.VANYAN, A.
DIDEBULIDZE, A.
IPEK, A.VARDANYAN, J.
DZNELADZE, M.
RUSSIA
KALEM, S.VOSKANOV, M. EGIASHVILI, D. KUCUK, M.
ZIROYAN, A.
GELASHVILI, A.
BELANOVSKAIA, E.
KURDOGLU, O.
ZORANYAN, V.
GOGICHAISHVILI, L.
BELIK, V.
KURT, B.
GOKHELASHVILI,
R.
BIRIUKOV, N.
ZEYDANLI, U.
GURIELIDZE, Z.
BRATKOV, V.
AZERBAIJAN
JORJADZE, M.
BUKREEV, S.JAVAKHISHVILI, Z.
CHILIKIN, V.ABDULLAEV, N. KANDAUROV, A.
ERIJEV, K.
EXTERNAL
ALIEV, K. KARTSIVADZE, S.
GALUSHIN, V.
AKHMEDOV, F.
KAVTIASHVILI, I.
KHAKUNOV, B.
BAUER, G.ASKEROV, E.
KOLBIN, G.
KIATKOV, V.
EVERS, M.AYDYNOV, T.
KVELADZE, I.
KOTLOBAI, A.
JUNGIUS, H.GULYEV, S.
LABADZE, D. KREVER, V.
LANGHAMMER, P.GUSEINOVA, F.
LEJAVA, V.
KROKHMAL, A.
NAGY, S.ISKANDEROV, T. LOBJANIDZE, B.
MAMBETOV, M.
SCHMIDT-KALLERT, E.ISMAILOV, H.
LOLUA, G. MEREMKULOV, M.
SCHUERHOLZ, G.JAFAROV, O.
LOMTADZE, Z. MOSKVINA, M.
STRAND, H.
Editing assistance by Laura Williams, conservation biologist
3
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................4
THE ECOSYSTEM PROFILE...........................................................................................4
BACKGROUND................................................................................................................6
BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE..........................................................................................7
Globally Threatened Species.......................................................................................................7
Vegetation....................................................................................................................................8
Major Ecosystems........................................................................................................................9
Protected Areas..........................................................................................................................11
CONSERVATION OUTCOMES.....................................................................................11
Species Outcomes.....................................................................................................................12
Site Outcomes............................................................................................................................14
Corridor Outcomes.....................................................................................................................15
SOCIOECONOMIC FEATURES....................................................................................23
Institutional Framework..............................................................................................................23
Nature Conservation Legislation................................................................................................24
Economic Situation.....................................................................................................................25
Infrastructure and Regional Development..................................................................................26
Demography and Social Trends.................................................................................................27
SYNOPSIS OF CURRENT THREATS...........................................................................27
Illegal Logging, Fuel Wood Harvesting and the Timber Trade..................................................28
Overgrazing................................................................................................................................29
Poaching and the Illegal Wildlife Trade......................................................................................29
Overfishing.................................................................................................................................30
Infrastructure Development........................................................................................................30
Pollution of Rivers and Wetlands...............................................................................................31
Root Causes...............................................................................................................................31
SYNOPSIS OF CURRENT INVESTMENTS...................................................................34
National Governments................................................................................................................34
Bilateral and Multilateral Donors................................................................................................34
International NGOs and Foundations.........................................................................................36
Regional NGOs..........................................................................................................................36
Business Sector.........................................................................................................................37
Funding Opportunities................................................................................................................40
CEPF NICHE FOR INVESTMENT..................................................................................40
CEPF INVESTMENT STRATEGY AND PRIORITIES....................................................43
Program Focus...........................................................................................................................43
Strategic Directions....................................................................................................................43
Sustainability..............................................................................................................................48
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................49
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXT........................................................................50
APPENDICES.................................................................................................................51
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