International Journal of Modern Physics AVol. 21, Nos. 23 & 24 (2006) 4899–4912c
World Scientific Publishing Company
RICCI FLOWS AND SOLITONIC pp-WAVES
SERGIU I. VACARU
∗
Department of Mathematics, Brock University,St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1svacaru@brocku.ca and The Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Science,222 College Street, Second Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3J1svacaru@fields.utoronto.ca
Received 8 April 2006We find exact solutions describing Ricci flows of four-dimensional pp-waves nonlinearlydeformed by two-/three-dimensional solitons. Such solutions are parametrized by five-dimensional metrics with generic off-diagonal terms and connections with nontrivialtorsion which can be related, for instance, to antisymmetric tensor sources in stringgravity. There are defined nontrivial limits to four-dimensional configurations and theEinstein gravity.
Keywords
: Ricci flows; gravitational solitons; pp-waves.PACS numbers: 04.20.Jb, 04.30.Nk, 04.50.+h, 04.90.+e, 02.30.Jk
1. Introduction
Solutions with pp-waves
1
and their generalizations are of special interest in moderngravity and string theory in curved backgrounds.
2–5
In this paper, we consider threeclasses of five-dimensional (5D) metrics describing Ricci flows of solitonic pp-waves(see Refs. 6–13 for reviews of results on gravitational solitons and, respectively,Ricci flows). For nonsolitonic configurations, a subclass of such solutions has limitsto the trivial embedding of the 4D pp-wave metrics into 5D space–times.There were elaborated various methods of constructing exact solutions ingravity, see a summary of main approaches in Refs. 14–16. The bulk of such solu-tions are with a prescribed symmetry (spherical, cylindrical, torus, Killing or a Liealgebra ones, etc.) and generated by diagonalizable (by coordinated transforms)ansatz for metrics. Such ansatz reduce the Einstein equations to certain classes
∗
Permanent address: 1490 Eginton Ave., # 108, Toronto, M6E 2G5, Canada.E-mails: sergiu vacaru@yahoo.com and vacaru@imaff.cfmac.csic.es4899
4900
S. I. Vacaru
of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and/or algebraic equations which canbe solved exactly. Then, an interesting discovery was the existence of an infinite-dimensional group of transformations of metrics mapping a solution of the Einsteinequations to another solution (Geroch group
17
).In our works,
18,19
we developed a general geometric method of constructingexact solutions by using anholonomic deformations of metrics (they may define, ornot, any exact solutions) to certain classes of generic off-diagonal metrics exactlysolving the gravitational field equations in a model of gravity theory (we can con-sider the Einstein general relativity or various type of string, gauge
,...
both com-mutative and noncommutative generalizations). Such space–times, in general, donot possess any Killing/group symmetry but can be characterized by generalizedsymmetries induced by “anholonomy” relations for preferred frames with associatednonlinear connection structure.
a
The exact off-diagonal solutions (for instance, in4D and/or 5D) constructed following the “anholonomic frame method” depend onclasses of functions on 2–4 variables and can be restricted to possess noncommuta-tive symmetries, generalized Lie symmetries like those for the Lie, or Clifford, alge-broids. References 18–20 and 21 contain details and references on recent develop-ments on constructing black ellipsoid and black torus solutions, locally anisotropicwormholes, nonholonomically deformed Taub NUT space–times and so on.The aim of this paper is to show how we can apply the anholonomic framemethod in order to generate 5D exact solutions of the Ricci flows equations de-scribing nonlinear, for instance, solitonic deformations of 4D pp-waves
b
as flows in5D gravity. We shall define the conditions when such solutions possess nontriviallimits to the Einstein gravity or their torsion can be related to the antisymmetric“
H
-field” in string gravity.The paper is arranged as follows. After outlining some results on Ricci flows forgeneric off-diagonal metrics in Sec. 2, we consider 4D pp-wave metrics and analyzetheir flows on a timelike coordinate
v
=
z
−
t
in 5D spaces with possible interactionswith gravitational2D solitons in Sec. 3. Then, in Sec. 4, we construct exact solutionsfor Ricci flows depending “anisotropically” on coordinate
p
=
z
+
t
when the metricsare certain off-diagonal deformations from the a pp-wave background to configu-rations with nonlinear interactions between pp-wave components and 3D solitonicwaves. Section 5 is devoted to solutions describing flows of pp-waves dependingon the fifth coordinate when the torsion is related completely antisymmetric ten-sor fields in sting gravity. Finally, in Sec. 6, we conclude and discuss the obtainedresults.
a
The geometric constructions on spaces provided with anholonomic structure can be performedwith resect to any frames of reference and for any local systems of coordinates. The term“preferred” emphasizes that there are certain classes of “natural” frames and coordinates whena symmetry of fixed type can be distinguished in explicit form and the field equations can beexactly integrated.
b
In a similar form we can consider generalizations to Kaigorodov space–times
22
and certain higherdimension solutions.
2–5
Ricci Flows and Solitonic pp-Waves
4901
2. Off-Diagonal Ricci Flows
We consider a linear quadratic element
ds
2
=
g
αβ
du
α
du
β
=
g
i
(
x
k
)(
e
i
)
2
+
g
a
(
x
k
,p
)(
e
a
)
2
(1)with the coefficients stated with respect to the coframe
e
α
= (
e
i
=
dx
i
,e
a
=
dp
a
+
N
ai
(
x
k
,p
)
dx
i
) (2)being dual to the frame (funfbein)
e
α
=
e
i
=
∂ ∂x
i
−
N
ai
∂ ∂p
a
,e
a
=
∂ ∂p
a
.
(3)In our formulas, the Einstein’s summation rule on indices is adopted, the indices of type
i
,
k,...
run values 1
,
2
,
3;the indices of type
a
,
b,...
run values 4, 5 and the localcoordinates split in the form
u
α
= (
x
i
,p
a
)
,
where
p
4
=
p
will be written in brief.The metric and funfbein coefficients are parametrized by functions of necessarysmooth class,
g
1
=
±
1
, g
2
,
3
=
q
2
,
3
(
x
2
,x
3
)
g
2
,
3
(
x
2
,x
3
)
,g
4
,
5
=
q
4
,
5
(
x
i
,p
)
g
4
,
5
(
x
i
)
,N
4
i
=
w
i
(
x
i
,p
)
, N
5
i
=
n
i
(
x
i
,p
)
.
(4)We consider that the coefficients
g
α
are given by a metric in a theory of gravity(it may be a solution of gravitational field equations or, for instance, a conformaltransform of such a solution) and the coefficients
q
α
,w
i
and
n
i
are supposed todefine deformations to other classes of solutions. For our purposes, we can stateany (pseudo-)Euclidean signature.In this paper, we shall work both with the so-called “canonical distinguishedconnection” Γ
αβγ
= (
L
ijk
,L
abk
,C
ijc
,C
abc
) and the Levi-Civita connection Γ
αβγ
,
seedetails in Refs. 20 and 21. The coefficients of these connections can be computedwith respect to the local bases (3) and (2), whenΓ
αβγ
=
L
ijk
,L
abk
−
∂N
ak
∂p
b
,C
ijc
+12
g
ik
Ω
ajk
g
ca
,C
abc
forΩ
aij
=
e
i
N
aj
−
e
j
N
ai
, L
ijk
=12
g
ir
[
e
k
(
g
jr
) +
e
j
(
g
kr
)
−
e
r
(
g
jk
)]
,L
abk
=
e
b
(
N
ak
) +12
g
ac
[
e
k
(
g
bc
)
−
g
dc
e
b
(
N
dk
)
−
g
db
e
c
(
N
dk
)]
,C
ijc
=12
g
ik
e
k
(
g
jk
)
, C
abc
=12
g
ad
[
e
c
(
g
bd
) +
e
b
(
g
dc
)
−
e
d
(
g
bc
)]
.
The connection Γ
αβγ
is compatible with the metric (1), i.e. it defines a covariantderivative
D
γ
satisfying the conditions
D
γ
g
αβ
= 0
.
The torsion
T
αβγ
= Γ
αβγ
−
Γ
αγβ
vanishes partially,
T
ijk
= 0 and
T
abc
= 0 but there are nontrivial components
T
aij
= Ω
aij
, T
ija
=
C
ija
, T
abj
=
e
b
(
N
aj
)
−
L
abj
.
(5)
Search History:
Result 00 of 00
00 results for result for
p.
Ricci Flows and Solitonic pp-Waves
Author: Sergiu I. Vacaru
Published: International Journal of Modern Physics A 21 (2006) 4899-4912
Published: International Journal of Modern Physics A 21 (2006) 4899-4912
835
Reads
1
Readcasts
1
Embed Views
More From This User
Notes
Load more
