DHCP: Dynamic Host configuration protocol

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DHCP allows you to automatically assign IP addresses, subnet masks, and other co
nfiguration information to client computers on the local network.
Install Dhcp:
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You can install Dchp from Add/ remove programs (Add/ remove windows components)o
r from the option Manage your server in administrative tools.
Authorising:
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We need to Authorise DHCP server, To Authorise a Dhcp server we need to be a Ent
erprise Admin(forest Level Admin).
We can right click on the Dhcp console and choose option which says authorise.
Authorization is required if you are using Active Directory; no authorization is
required, however, for a standalone server.
When you authorize a DHCP server, its IP address is added to a list of authorize
d DHCP server maintained in Active Directory.
When a DHCP server starts, its IP address is compared to the Active Directory li
st. If it is found, the server is allowed to issue IP addresses. If it is not fo
und, the server is not allowed to issue IP addresses, and the server does not re
spond to DHCP requests.
Only Windows 2000 or Windows 2003 servers check for authorization.
Rogue DHCP servers(its the server which assigns ip addresses to the client witho
ut authorisation, if there is two dhcp server then there would be a clash and cr
eate networkconflicts) running other operating systems (like Unix, NetWare, or W
indows NT) do not check for authorization before assigning addresses.
A Windows DHCP server checks for authorization when it boots and reauthorizes ev
ery five minutes.
In some cases, when you install DHCP on a domain controller, it will be authoriz
ed automatically.
Scope:
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Scope is a pool of addresses your DHCP server will give out.
Dhcp server checks with the Active Directory if it is authorized and gives out t
he pool of Ip address.
Pool of ip address is called Scope Eg: 192.168.2.1 to 192.168.2.1 with a Subnet
mask /24
Once you set a subnet mask it is fixed in the Scope.Later if you want a differen
t subnet mask you will have to delete the Subnet mask and recreate the Scope fro
m Scratch.
The scope must be activated before the DHCP server will assign addresses to clie
nts.
Scope has to be activated but servers are authorised.
Lease duration should be specified on the scope , the default being 8 days
Exclusions should be used if there is a ip address in a scope which is assigned
for a server.
Settign up Scope:
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1 Right Click on the server in the Dhcp Console and click on new scope.
2 Type the scope name and next ->then type the ip address range and set the subn
et mask as well and hit next.
3 once hit next type the Exclusion ip address which u want to exclude from the s
cope range in case that ip is given to any server which will be static.
4 once hit next change the lease time if required.
Setting Exclusions:
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1 Under scope in DHCP console u will have address pool option.
2 right click on address pool and click on new exclusion range.
3 type the range of ip's which have to be excluded by dhcp scope when assiging t
he ip address.
4 click on add.
Setting reservations:
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Reservations make sure a client gets the same IP address each time from the DHCP
server. The reservation associates the MAC address with the IP address the clie
nt should receive. For example, use a reservation for servers and printers to ke
ep their IP addresses consistent while still assigning the addresses dynamically
.
1 Under scope in DHCP console u will have Reservations.
2 Right click on reservations and click on new reservation.
3 Then Type the reservation name and type the ip address and type the Mac addres
s
3. Click on Add.
Dhcp Can Also do the below:
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1.Dhcp is also used to send a ip address of the DNS server to client computers.
2.Also Used to send DNs Domain Name Suffix
3.Also Used to send Defualt Gateway ip i.e router Ip.
4. Also Used to send Wins server Ip address
5.Also used to send Wins Node Type.
Note :A server can have more than one scopes in it.
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DHCP options Facts:
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Through DHCP, you can deliver a wide range of TCP/IP configuration parameters to
the client pc's (not just the IP address and mask)by configuring DHCP options.
Options can be set at the following levels:
->Server. Options set on the server are delivered to all clients of that DHCP se
rver.
->Scope. Options set on the scope are delivered to all computers that obtain an
IP address from within the scope.
->Class options: A class defines a group of computers that share common characte
ristics. For example, the vendor class can be used to deliver options to Microso
ft Windows clients and user class options can have a scenario of laptops have le
sser lease duration than desktops.
Class options are delivered to all computers within the class.
->Reserved client: Options set on a reservation are delivered to the specific cl
ient.
User class option :
Common options include:
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003 Router, the IP address of the default router (the default gateway)
006 DNS Servers, the IP address of DNS server or servers
015 DNS Domain Name, the domain that the client belongs to; used to update DNS s
erver
044 WINS/NBNS Servers, the IP address of WINS server or servers
046 WINS/NBT Node Type, controls the order in which a client uses NetBIOS name s
ervers
DHCP Server Management:
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1 Audit Logging: it is used when your having issue with Dchp server and then yo
u are trying to troubleshoot it.
2.Nic Bindings:
3. conflict detection: