1) Periodontal probes

2) Explorers
3) Scaling, root-planning and curettage instruments i) Sickle
scalers
ii) curettes
iii) hoe, chisel & file scalers
iv) ultrasonic & sonic instruments
4) Periodontal endoscope
5) Cleaning & polishing instruments
1) Tapered,rodlike
instrument calibrated in
millimeters, with a blunt
rounded tip.
2) Locate, measure,&
mark pockets.
4) Determine their course
on individual tooth
surface.
1) Locate subgingival
deposits & carious areas.
2) Check the smoothness of
the root surfaces.
1)The sickle scaler is
primarily used for
supragingival calculus
removal.
2) First instrument used to
remove large, heavy
deposits thus improving
access to subgingival
area for other
instruments.
 Used for removing deep
subgingival calculus.
 Curettes is finer than
sickle scalers.
 Each working end has a
cutting edge on both
sides of the blade and a
rounded toe.
 They are used for scaling
the ledges or the rings of
the calculus.
 Blade is slightly bowed so
as to maintain contact at
two points on a convex
surface.
 Cutting edge is bebelled at
45 degrees.
 Primary function is to
fracture or crush large
firm deposits of
tenacious calculus,
 They can easily gouge &
roughen the root surface
when used improperly.
 Used for removing
plaques , scaling,
curetting, & removing
stains.
 They are of two types
Magnetostrictive
Piezoelectric
 Used in the anterior part
of the mouth.
 Designed for proximal
surfaces of teeth.
 Double ended instrument
with a curved shank at
one end and a straght at
the other.
 Used to visualize deeply
into the subgingival
pockets & furcations.
 Used for the diagnosis &
treatment of the
periodontal disease.
 Fibreoptic endoscopes fits
onto the periodontal probes
& ultrasonic instruments
easily.
 Rubber cups
 Bristle brushes
 Dental tapes
 Air-powder polishing
VARIOUS INSTRUMENTS USED
IN PERIODONTICS
 GENERAL
PRINCIPLES OF
INSTRUMENTATI
ON
 ACCESIBILITY
Facilitates thoroughness of the instrumentation.

CLINICIAN POSITION:- Feet flat on the floor;

thighs parallel to the floor; back straight; head erect.
PATIENTS POSITION :- Supine position; chin
should be raised slightly, for maxillary arch;
lowering the chin until the mandible gets parallel to
the floor, for mandibular arch.
 Visibility, illumination & retraction
Direct illumination:- from dental light.
Indirect illumination:- using mouth mirror.
Retraction provides visibility accessibility & illumination. Fingers &
mouth mirror can be used for retraction depending on the position of the
operator.
 Condition and sharpness of the
instruments
Instruments should be clean & sterile.
Working ends should be sharp as it enhances the tactile sensitivity & increases
the efficacy of the operator.
Dull instruments lead to incomplete calculus removal.
 Maintaining a clean field
Adequate suction of saliva is necessary as it interferes with the visibility during
instrumentation & impedes control because firm finger rest cannot be
established.
 INSTRUMENT ACTIVATION
Adaptation refers to the manner in which the working end of the periodontal
instrument is placed against the surface of the tooth.
Angulation refers to the angle between the face of the bladed instrument & the
tooth surface.
Lateral pressure refers to the pressure applied against the surface of the tooth.