You are on page 1of 12

B B C [Jvdk owif;vTm 1

bD bD pD
pufwifbmv? 2010/ bDbDpD jrefrmykdif;tpDtpOfu jynfya&mufjrefrmrsm;twGuf tcrJh vpOfxkwfa0ygonf/

i&JuswahJ e@awGaygAh sm/ olw@kd awmif;wm qifjzLawmfrSD+yD; EdkifiHa&;tjrwf xkwf ppftpkd;&vkyf&yfawGtwGuf pHkprf;a&; 'DEpS f y&D;rD;,m;vd*rf mS ajcpGmr,fo
h al wG
r&&if ±ku
d wf maygAh smæ pmrsuEf mS 2 od@k vmr,fqkd&if æ pmrsufESm 4 odk@ æ aumfr&Sif eD;vm+yD æ pmrsufESm 3 odk@ aemufausmzHk;okd@ æ

bPfpak iGjyefr&vkYd &JabmfawG qE´jy


wyfrawmf wyf&if;wyfz@JG toD;oD;rSm rsm;uvnf; b%fpkaiGjyefxkwfay;zdk@ t&m&Sdt
b%fpkaiGawGjyefr&vdk@ qENjy+yD; tm%mzDqef &mcH t=uyfwyfom;tm;vkH;u pkaygif;awmif;
r_awG jzpfaeygw,f? qdkvmjyefygw,f?
=o*kwv f 1 &ufae@u qENjyaewJh &ef 'Db%fpkaiGqdkwm vGefcJhwJh 6 ESpf
ukefwdkif;vSnf;ul;òrdŒe,f &JrGefwyfòrdŒu wyf&if;avmufuwnf;u &JabmfawG vlrz_ v l aHk &;tok;H
8 &if;udk aejynfawmfu txl;axmufvSrf;a&; ðyzdk@ ta=umif;jycsufeJ@ olwdk@vpmawGxJu rpk
wyfawGtjyif &efukefwdkif;wyfwpfcsKdŒuyg &JrGef rae& vpOfwpfvudk usyf 5000 eJ@ jzwfawmuf
wyfòrdŒ0ef;usirf mS ae&m,l 0dik ;f 0ef;zdtm;ay; +cdr;f
+yD; pkxm;cJw h ahJ iGawGjzpfygw,f? 'DaiGawGukd 3 ESpf
ajcmufxm;cJh=uygw,f? 'Dwkef;u 0dkif;&Hxm;wJh rSmwpf}udrf jyefxw k ,f vl @kd &w,fqw kd hJ pnf;urf;
wyfawG&JŒtiftm;u 400 avmuf&Sdw,fvdk@ csu&f v dS @kd tckvkd jyefxw k af y;zd@k awmif;qd=k uwm
cr& 214 u wyf=uyfwa,mufu bDbDpDudk jzpfw,fvdk@qdkygw,f?
ajymygw,f? t0dkif;cH&wJh &JrGefwyf&JŒtiftm;u wyf&if;awGxJrSm pm;0wfaea&;=uyf
awmh 150 avmufom &Sd=uwmyg? wnf;vGef;wJhtjyif b%fpkaiGjyefawmif;awmh
vnf;xkwrf ay;bJxm;vd@k &Jwyfz@JG 0if 20 avmuf
&JawGvnf;yg [m wyf&if;uxGuaf jy;oGm;=u+yDv@kd vnf; ajym
tJ'D =o*kwfv 1 &ufae@rSmyJ &efukef ygw,f?
wdik ;f a&$jynfom trSwf 6 &Jwyf&if;u &Jwyfom; æ pmrsufESm 2 odk@ æ

rdb
k *D sED ekd YJ rGet
f qdak wmf
aygh/ a&mhcfoDcsif;awGqdkwJh rGefvlrsKd;awGxJrSm
uG,fvGefol rGefEG,fbGm; xl;tdrfoifuvGJ&if
vsr;f vsr;f awmuf atmifjrifwo hJ l odyrf awG@&
ao;ygbl;? æ aemufausmzHk; aumfvH 3 odk@

ygupöwef a&ab;'kuo
© nf ... (0JrS,m) a': csKdcsKdausmf+idrf;/ a':ae&nfAaqG/ a':oef;oef;Ek
a':csKd
vlaygi;f 6 oef;ausmf tk;d tdrrf jhJ zpfc&hJ wJh ygupP
wefEidk if u
vkt
H a&ab;}u;D ta&;ay: tultnDawG
d yfaeqJjzpfw,fv@kd ukvor*~u,fq,f
c&D;rqH;k ao;bl;qkw
d hJ orD;oH;k OD;
a&; at*sifpDawGu æ pmrsufESm 9 odk@ æ tazwd@k rmS ;cJ&h if tJ't D rSm;awGtwGuf taºuG;qyfr,f/ wcg r+yD;ao;wJh 'Dru kd a&
pDvrf;a=umif;udk qufav#mufr,f/ 'Dt h wGuf Edik if aH &;xJrmS 0ifvy_ &f mS ;zd@k qk;H jzwfcw
hJ mygv@kd
qdvk moluawmh 'Dru kd &ufwpfygw&D ŒJ txGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; 1 a':csKcd sKad usm+f ird ;f jzpfygw,f?
xkid ;f a&muf tvkyo
f rm;awG ... 'Dru kd &ufwpfygw[ D m vmr,fEh 0kd ifbmv 7 &ufae@ru S si;f yr,fh a&G;aumufyrJG mS
rSwyf w
kH ifr&do
S l tcuftcJ&ESd ikd wf ,f/ jynfwiG ;f yg0if,OS òf ydirf mS jzpf+yD; xl;jcm;csuu f awmh Edik if aH cgi;f aqmifa[mif; ok;H OD;wd@k &ŒJ orD;ok;H OD; yg0if
u rdom;pk0ifawGukd tm%mydik af wGu aiGnp‡ f aewmyg? 0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif; OD;Ek&ŒJ orD; a':oef;oef;Ek/ 'kw, d 0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif; OD;ausm+f idr;f
wmawG &dES ikd w
f ,fv@kd pd;k &drw
f }uD;eJ@ ajymqdo
k H &JŒorD; a':csKcd sKad usm+f idr;f eJ@ 0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif; OD;AaqG&ŒJ orD; a':ae&nfAaqGw@kd u ygwu D ,
kd f
awG&dScJhayr,fh æ pmrsufESm 11 aumfvH 2 odk@ pm;vS,f avmif;awGtjzpfeJ@ a&G;aumufyGJ0if=urSm jzpfygw,f? æ pmrsufESm 10 odk@ æ
B B C [Jvdk owif;vTm owif; 2

jyefay;qGcJ H jrefrmoabFmom;rsm; jyefvnfvw


G af jrmuf
qdrk mvD,mEkid if u H tmz&duOD; csKv d @kd ac:wJh tmz
&duwdu k f ta&SŒjcrf;urf; vGeaf e&m[m tm&Se@J Oa&myudq k uf
oG,w f Jh yifv,feDudkoGm;wJh jzwfvrf;jzpfwmrdk@ ukefoabFm
}uD;awG toGm;tvmrsm;wJh a&vrf;a=umif;vrf;wpfckyg?
t y wf p Of t pD t p Of rsm; tJ'h q D rkd mvD urf;vGerf mS yJ rwfv 5 &ufae@u jref
wevFmae@ rmabFmom; 21 a,mufyg&SdwJh aemfa0EkdifiHydkif UBT Ocean
eHeufykdif; - tm;upm;owif;ya'om/ 0if;azvG,t f wd f oabFmudk yifv,f"g;jyawGu jyefay;qGJcJhygw,f?
(jyefv$ihf) "g;jyawGe@J oabFmydik u f rk %
` uD ndE‡ id_ ;f cJv
h @kd av;vcGJ
nydik ;f - tm;upm;owif;ya'om/ odyo H` wif;v$m t=um Zlvdkifv 20 &ufae@rSm jrefrmoabFmom;awG jyef
t*F gae@ vGwfvmcJhygw,f? =o*kwfv 2 &ufae@n oabFmom;awG
eHeufykdif; - t*Fvdyfpmydk@cscsuf/ e,fpyfpD;yGm;a&; &efuek af vqdyu f kd jyefta&muf bDbpD u D qufo, G af r;jref;wJt h cg oabFmtif*sief , D mcsKyf OD;wif[efu olw@kd ñuaH wG@
(xkdif; - jrefrm) cJh
& wm awG e J
@ y wf o uf +yD ; bD b D
p D
u d
k tck v d
ka jymjycJ h
y gw ,f ?
nydik ;f - pD;yGm;a&;oH;k oyfcsu/f Mobi-Geno (jyefvi$ )hf OD;wif[ef? ? 5 &ufae@reufaygAh sm tJ'u D |e;f em;rSm usaemfw@kdtwdu k cf &H wmyJ? 138 &uf txde;f odr;f cHxm;cJ&h
Ak'<[l;ae@ w,fAs/ tJ'g+yD;awmh 18 &ufae@ olwdk@a=uvnfr_&vdk@ 20 &ufae@ usaemfwdk@ tm;vkH;jyefvGwfvmwmaygh/ oabFm
eHeufykdif; - t*Fvdyfpmydk@cscsuf/ e,fpyfpD;yGm;a&; om;awGtm;vk;H use;f use;f rmrmygy?J usaemfw@kd urkd wdu k cf if olw@kd uqmul;0g;qdw k hJ ig;zrf;oabFmwpfp;D udk t&ifzrf;
(w±kwf-jrefrm) +yD; tJ'DoabFmudk Mother boat taeeJ@ tokH;ðy+yD;rS usaemfwdk@udk wdkufwmcifAs?
nykid ;f - vGwfvyftawG; aqG;aEG;zvS,f bD bDpD? ? olwdk@u aoewfawGbmawGeJ@a&m ypfao;vm;?
=umoyaw;ae@ OD;wif[ef? ? ypfw,f/ olw@kd rmS t&rf;jrefwhJ Speed boat av;awG&w dS ,f olw@kd u aoewfe@J ypf olw@kd rmS ygwhJ
eHeufydkif; - pD;yGm;a&;oHk;oyfcsuf (jyefv$ifh) avSum;csyd u f av;awGe@J oabFmay:wufvmwm? tmyDa*sw@kd atau 47 vdk aoewfawGe@J ypfao;w,f/ tjyif;t
nydik ;f - EkdifiHwumowif;oHk;oyfcsuf/ ajymp&m xef ypf w mrs Kd;awmh r[kwfbl;aygh?
awGvnf; wyHk}uD;&Sdao;w,f bDbDpD? ? olwdk@ b,fESpfa,mufwufvmovJ/ oabFmom;awGtay: b,fvdkqufqHovJAs?
aom=umae@ OD;wif[ef? ? "g;jy 8 a,mufwufvmw,fcifAs/ tJ+y;D awmh b,frvJuy`wed af yg/h uy`wed u f kd wpfcsuEf pS cf su±f u dk f
eHeufydkif; - CoolTech (jyefvi$ )hf wmayg/h oabFmom;awGb,fEpS af ,muf&v dS nf;ayg/h oabFmom;tm;vk;H qGx J w k f awG@wo hJ l enf;enf;yg;yg;±ku d w f mayg/h
nydik ;f - jrefrmhta&; urBmhta&; +yD;awmhrSoabFmpufjyefE_d; olwdk@t"duxm;wJhae&m ac:oGm;wmaygh?
paeae@ bDbDpD? ? av;vcGJtwGif; ae@p^fae&wJhb0udk ajymygOD;/ olwdk@u +cdrf;ajcmufwmawG&Sdovm;?
eHeufydkif; - vGwv f yftawG; aqG;aEG;zvS,f (jyefvi$ )hf OD;wif[ef? ? &Sw d maygch ifAsm tJ'gawGuawmh i&JuswahJ e@awGyaJ ygAh sm/ olw@kd awmif;wm r&&if±u dk w f mayg/h
nykid ;f - Ekid if wH umowif;oH;k oyfcsu/f CoolTech/ aoewf e J@x kw mayg h? tpm;taomuf u vJ r&S da wmh / olw dk@ u yJ urf ;uxrif ;eJ@y J ,lv may;w,f ?
0if;azvG,t f w d f bDbDpD? ? 'Dtzrf;cHxm;&wJhumvtwGif; rdom;pkeJ@aum tquftoG,fvkyfvdk@ &ygovm;?
we*FaEGae@ OD;wif[ef? ? r&wJo h abmygy/J 'gayr,fh wcgawmh tdru f okd ;Hk av;rdepf zk;H ay;qufw,fcifAs ab;uaet
eHeufykdif; - jrefrmhta&; urBmhta&; (jyefv$ifh) apmifheJ@aygh/ rma=umif; oma=umif;avmufyJ ajym&wmyg?
nykid ;f - aus;wrmeJ@ayzl;v$m/ jynfol=um;u bDbDpD? ? aemufqkH;aygh q&mwdk@ jyefvGwfvmwJhumvav;eJ@ vGwfvmykHav; ajymygtkef;cifAs?
jynfol@pum;/ Mobi-Geno/ ajymp&mawGvJwyHk}uD; OD;wif[ef? ? olw@kd u olw@kd awmif;wJah iG amount em;eD;ae+yq D akd wmh usaemfw@kd uvnf; usaemfw@kd ukr% ` eD @J
&Sdao;w,f (jyefv$ifh) pum;ajymwJhtcg Armvdkav;awG &&if&oavmufxnfhajym&wmaygh/ ydkufqH 'Dxufydkray;eJ@ qdkwmrsKd;awGaygh/
±kH;uvnf; olwdk@pOf;pm;vdk@&wmaygh/ aemufqkH; aiG 4 oef;eJ@ a=uvnfoGm;awmh usaemfwdk@udk v$wfvdkufwmygyJ?
qufoG,f&ef æ
bDbpD &D ŒJ tpDtpOfawGuekd m;qif+yD;/ wck
ck ajymcsifwm &Sdw,fqkd&if burmese@bbc.co.uk bPfpkaiGjyefr&vkdY &JabmfawG qE´jy ... a&SUzHk;rS
udk uGefjyLwmpmydk@pepf (email) eJ@ ay;ydk@Edkifovdk
w,fvzD ek ;f uae ajymcsi&f ifawmh 004420755717 =o*kwfv 7 &ufae@uvnf; &efukefwdkif; ppfXmecsKyf vkH;vnf; tcsdeftawmf=umatmif wifjyxm;wJh &duQm r
64 udkqufoG,f+yD;/ pum; ajympufxJrSm cyfwdkwdk vufatmufcH arSmfbDtajcpdkuf cr& 701/ 702 eJ@ avmufir_jy\emeJ@ awmif;xm;wJh b%fpkaiGawGudpPudk
toH oGif;ajymxm;Ekdifygw,f? 703 u t=uyfwyfom;awGu b%fpak iGawG jyefxw k f ta=umif;jyef=um;jcif;r&SdwJhtwGuf wpfwyfvkH;E_wfxGuf
ay;zdk@ aemuf wpf}udrf awmif;qdkvmygw,f? t&if pm wifxm;w,fvdk@ cr& 435 u wyf=uyf}uD;wpfOD;u
bD b D p D u k d pma&;vd k w J h jynf w G i f ; jynf y u ZGev f twGi;f wke;f uvnf; wyfom;awGu awmif;qdck hJ bDbDpDudk ajymygw,f?
aomw&SifawG twGuf vdyfpmawG u ... =uzl;ayr,fh tJ't D csed w f ek ;f u zdtm;ay;+cdr;f ajcmufwhJ a&wyfom;awGvnf; qENjy
BBC Burmese enf;eJ@tcsdefqGJcJhvdk@ a=umuf&GHŒ+yD; 'Dtwdkif;aecJh=u& [dkif;}uD;u|ef;tajcpdkuf yrR0wDa&wyfpcef;u
BBC Burmese Service
PO Box 997
Service yg w ,f ? tck w cg r S m awmh trs m ;pk u pk a yg i f ; +yD ; xyf r H wyfom;awGvnf; b%fpkaiGawGjyefr&vdk@ tckvqef; u
Bush House
Strand Road (Kan Nar Lan) PO Box 76
awmif ; qd k vm=uwmyg ? 'Dv dk b%f p ka iG aemuf w pf wnf;u ,leaD zmif;awGr0wfawmhbJ wyfwiG ;f rSmqENjyae=u
Rangoon (Yangon) Strand }ud r f jyefa wmif ; vd k
@ &J r G
e f
w yf
z G
J@a wG v d
k ñuH =u&r,f q d
k w,fv@kd wyf=uyfwpfO;D &JŒorD;u bDbpD u D akd jymjycJyh gw,f?
Burma (Myanmar) London &ifvnf; olwdk@uawmh &ifqdkifzdk@tqifoifhyJvdk@ wyf ---------------------
WC 2 B 4 PH
BBC Burmese Service UK
&if; 701 u &JabmfwpfO;D u bDbpD u D kd ajymjycJyh gw,f?
518/5 Maneeva Centre Penthouse Floor wyfvkH;EIwfxGuf owif;awG tjynfhtpkHudk
Ploenchit Road, Lumpini wcg &efuek w
f ikd ;f ppfXmecsKyf vufatmufcH www.bbcburmese.com
Patumwan awmifOuUvmyrSm tajcpdu k w
f hJ cr& 435 eJ@ 436 wyf
Bangkok, Thailand, 10330 &if;ESp&f if;u t&m&Std &mcH t=uyfwyfom;awG tm; rSm0ifa&muf zwf½IEdkifygw,f?
B B C [Jvdk owif;vTm owif; 3

jrefrmtay: ukvpHkprf;a&; tar&duef axmufcH


jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ppftpdk;&&JŒvl@ ta&; t}uD;tus,f csKd;azmufaer_awG
tcGifha&;csKd;azgufr_/ ppf&mZ0wfr_usL; udk ukvor*~u pkpH rf;ppfaq;zd@k t&ifu
vGew f ,fqw kd hJ pGypf cJG suaf wGukd ukvor*~ wnf;u wdkufwGef;cJhovdk/ r=umao;cif
u pkpH rf;a&;aumfr&Sizf @JG z@kd tqdu k kd tar&d u tar&duef&ŒJ 'Dta&;tay: axmufcH
uefjynfaxmifpu k axmufcv H u kd yf gw,f? r_ xGufay:vmwmudk óudqdka=umif;eJ@ O
tcktcg tar&duefeJ@twl +Adwdef/ =op a&myor*~ t aeeJ @ 'D t a&;tay:
a=w;vs/ csujf ynfaxmifpek @J qvdAk ufu;D axmufcHoifha=umif; ajymygw,f?
,m;EdkifiHwdk@tygt0if axmufcHwJhEdkifiH oludk,fwdkif xdkif;-jrefrme,f
ig;EdkifiH&SdoGm;+yDjzpfygw,f? pyfukd oGm;a&muf+y;D 'kuo Q nfawGe@J awG@chJ
ykrH eS t
f m;jzifh jrefrmhta&; aqG; wJh tawG@tñuH awGt&? zwf±_&wJh pm
aEG;=uwJt h cg vkðH cHa&;aumifpu D kd a&muf tkyf pmwrf;awG/ NGO eJ@vl@tcGifhta&;
&if w±kwfeJ@±k&Sm;wdk@u y,fcsavh&Sdyg qdkif &mtzGJ@trsKd;rsKd;&JŒ tpD&ifcHpmawG/
w,f? 'gayr,fh vkðH cHa&;aumifpu D wqifh avhvmcsupf mwrf;awGt& jrefrmtpd;k &
roGm;bJ taxGaxGnv D mcHe@J v@l tcGiahf &; &JΠvl@tcGifhta&; azgufzsufr_awG[m
aumifpDwdk@uaeoGm;wJh enf;vrf;ESpfck War crimes ppf&mZ0wfr_awG/ Crimes
vnf;&Sdw,fvdk@od&ygw,f? ukvor*~ against humanity vltrsm;tay:usL;
taxGaxGnv D mcHu rJtrsm;pk axmufcH vGefwJh &mZ0wfr_awGjzpfw,fqdkwm ol
r_eJ@twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfudk pkHprf;a&;aumfr ,kH=unfa=umif; bDbDpDudk ajymygw,f?
&Sizf @JG cikd ;f Edik o
f vdk ukvor*~v@l tcGit hf a&; ukvor*~&JΠvl@tcGifhta&;
aumifp&D ŒJ rJtrsm;pkq;Hk jzwfcsuef @J aumfr oHwref rpPwm aomrwfpfuifwm;em;
&SiOf uUÏu u|r;f usio f al wGyg0ifwhJ pkpH rf; u ol@&ŒJ rwfvtpD&ifcpH mxJrmS jrefrmt
a&;tzG@J ukd wm0efay;Edik yf gw,f? pkpH rf;a&; Oa&myygvDreftrwfrsm;tzGJ@uvnf; vDref trwfrsm;tzG@J u tufpwd;k eD;,m; pdk; &usL;vGefwJhypfr_awGudk aumfr&SifzGJ@pkH
aumfr&Sizf @JG z@kd tqdu k kd tD;,l Oa&myor*~ wdu k w
f eG ;f vdu
k yf gw,f? v$wfawmftrwf aq;vAm;rdkufumu prf;&ef ukvor*~tm; awmif;qdkxm;yg
taeeJ@ axmufcHzdk@ jrefrmhta&;qdkif&m jrefrmhta&;qdkif&m Oa&myyg olw@kd tzG@J taeeJ@ jrefrmtpd;k &&JŒvl@tcGihf w,f?

e,fjcm;apmihw
f yfzaYJG &; 0eJrY ek ;f vm;udk zdtm;xyfay; jrifMum; od&orQ
0wyfz@JG e@J rke;f vm;acgi;f aqmifwcsKŒd udk wyfrawmf ppfzufa&;&mvkðH caH &;t&m&Scd sKyf 'kw, d Advk cf sKyf
}uD; &Jjrifuh =o*kwv f 20 &ufu wef@,ef;eJ@usKid ;f wkòH rdŒawGrmS awG@q+Hk yD; a&G;aumufyrJG wdik cf if e,fjcm;apmifh a&G;aumufy&JG uf
wyftjzpf toGiaf jymif;jzpfatmif vky=f uzdŒk / 'Dupd u P kd vmr,fph ufwifbmvqef;avmufrmS tajzay;zd@k e@J a&G;aumufyGJ&ufudk Edk0ifbm 7 &ufa&G;&wm[m
a&G;aumufyu JG mvtxd tajymif;tvJ rvkycf b hJ ;l qd&k if a&G;aumufy+JG y;D wJt
h cgrmS rw&m;toif; rjzpfomG ; a':atmifqef;pk=unf jyefvw G vf m&r,f&h uf rwdik cf ifjzpfaeo
apcsib f ;l vd@k pum;csKcd sKed @J +cdr;f ajcmufcyhJ gw,f? wdik ;f &if;om; vufeufuikd af wGbufuawmh em;axmif±o Hk uf vdk
oufyJ vkyfcJhw,fvdk@od&ygw,f? 7 š 11 (Edk0ifbmv) ] 18
e,fjcm;apmifw h yf zG@J pnf;a&;eJ@ywfouf+yD; a&G;aumufy+JG yD;wJt h cgusrS wufvmr,fh tpd;k &vuf 1 š 8 ] 9 vdk@wGuf+yD; 9 *%ef;&atmifa&G;wm/ Edk0ifbmu
xufrSm qufaqG;aEG;=ur,fvdk@ ajymqdkcJh=u+yD;jzpfayr,fh/ tckwcg jyefaqG;aEG;zdk@ppfwyfbufu ajymqdk vnf; 11 vajrmufjzpfv@kd rD; 11 rD;+idr;f atmif ,=wmt&a&G;
vkyfudkifvmwm[m ppftpdk;&&JΠEdkifiHa&;upm;uGufwpfck jzpfw,fvdk@ okH;oyfolawGu qdkygw,f? wmvdk@ ,lqajymqdkr_awG&Sd?
--------------------------------------
wkdif;&if;om;ygwDrsm; toifhjyifae t&m&S}d uD;awG =uHzh @HG ygwx
D J ajymif;cH&
a&G;aumufyGJtwGuf óudwifjyifqifwJhtaeeJ@
Edk0ifbmv 7 &ufae@ðyvkyfr,fh a&G; aeeJ@ jynfruygwDawGxuf pnf;±kH;a&;ydkjrefwJht ppfwyfu t&m&SdawG/ &JbufeJ@t&yfbufu !¸ef=um;a&;rSL;
aumufyrJG mS jynfe,ftpd;k &twGuf &nf&, G +f y;D a&G; a=umif;/ E_dif;,SOf&if tcuftcJenf;a=umif;/ udk,fpm; tqift h xdyg0ifwhJ tqifjh rifh t&m&Sw d csKŒd &mxl;uE_wx f u
G f
aumufyGJ0ifr,fh wdkif;&if;om;ygwDawGu olwdk@t vS,f 50 avmuf 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifrSmjzpfa=umif; t ae =u&yg+yD?
aeeJ@jynfru ygw}D u;D awGavmuf tcuftcJr&Sb d ;l axGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; OD;vSapmu bDbDpDudkajymyg =uHch ikd zf @HG òzd;a&;ygwu
D ae a&G;aumufy0JG if=ur,fh 0ef
vdk@qdkygw,f? w,f? }uD;awGu &mxl;uaeE_wfxGuf=u&r,fh wcsdefwnf;rSm tJ'D
u&ifjynfo@l ygwt D aeeJ@ ud, k pf m;vS,f &Srf;trsKd;om;rsm; 'Drdku&ufwpfygwDu 0ef}uD;awG ,kH=unfpdwfcs+yD; cdkif;vdk@aumif;wJholawGudk =uHhcdkif
30 ausmf a&G;aumufyGJ0ifzdk@ jyifqifxm;a=umif; vnf; &Sr;f jynfe,fe@J rEœav;wdik ;f / ucsijf ynfe,fw@kd rmS zG@H òzd;a&;ygwrD mS XmecGrJ LS ;awGtjzpf cef@tyfwm0efay;zd@k &mxl;
{&m0wDwikd ;f / &efuek w f ikd ;f / yJc;l wdik ;f udak wmh toifh a&G;aumufyGJ0ifzdk@toifhyJvdk@ qdkygw,f? u qif;cdkif;wmjzpfw,fvdk@ ygwDwm0ef&Sdolwpfa,mufu
jzpfae+yDjzpfa=umif; u&ifjynfo@l ygwD 'kw, d OuUÏ wkid ;f &if;om;ygwtD rsm;pk[m jynfe,ftpk;d bDbDpDudk ajymygw,f?
apmat;udku ajymygw,f? &twGuu f o kd m &nf&, G =f uwmrd@k tcuftcJ enf;yg;yg ygwx D rJ mS zufajymif;&r,fh t&m&Sad wG[m olw@kd ukd
csif;trsKd;om;ygwD taeeJ@uawmh csif; w,f? tpk;d &0ef}uD;awG/ =uHch idk af &;ygw0D ifawGe@J z@JG xm; ay;xm;wJh tpdk;&tdrf&muae ajymif;a&GŒay;ae=u&+yD; um;
jynfe,ftwGi;f yvuf0rSv+JG yD; useòf rdŒe,ftm;vk;H wJh t"duòydib f ufawGe@J ,SOòf ydi&f mrSmawmh wcsKŒd jynf udkvnf; jyeftyfae=u&+yD jzpfygw,f?
pnf;±kH;a&;qif;+yD;jzpfa=umif; OuUÏ OD;ZGefZef;u e,fawGrSm a'ocHtm%mykdifawG&JŒ taESmifht,Suf t&m&S}d uD;awG[m aetdr/f um;/ "gwq f pD wJh tcGihf
vnf; bDbDpDudk ajymygw,f? ay;r_awG &Sdaew,fvdk@ od&ygw,f? ta&;awG qk;H ±_;H oGm;+yD; =um;aygu0f ifaiGvnf; r&Sad wmhwhJ t
&cdik w
f ikd ;f &if;om;rsm; wd;k wufa&;ygwt D wGuf ygwDvdkif;udk rajymif;csif=ubl;vdk@ od&ygw,f?
B B C [Jvdk owif;vTm owif; 4

qifjzLawmf ykid &


f if
bke;f BuD;ovm;
&cdik jf ynfe,f armifawmòrdŒe,fxu J zrf;rdcw
hJ ,fqwkd hJ qifjzLawmfukd ae
jynfawmfudkac:oGm;+yD; =o*kwfv 9 &ufae@u qifjzLawmfqdkufa&mufwJh r*Fvm
tcrf;tem;awGukd a&S;rif;awGvufxufutwdik ;f crf;crf;em;em; r*Fvm,lusi;f yyg
w,f?
qdkufa&mufvmwJh qifjzLawmfudk etztwGif;a&;rSL; 1 udk,fwdkif OD;
aqmifóudqdkcJhwJhowif;udk rD'D,mawGrSmvnf; t}uD;tus,fazmfjycJhygw,f?
jrefrmhordik ;f rSm oa&acwW&macwfavmufuwnf;u qifjzLawmfukd bk
&ifrif;jrwfawGu txGwt f jrwfxm;wm avhvmawG@&EdS ikd yf gw,f? rsuaf rSmufacwf
rSmvnf; qifjzLawmfukd wefz;kd xm;wJ, h Ofaus;r_[m jrefrm/ xdik ;f / vmtd/k uarBm'D; atmif ,=wmacswmvd@k a0zefwmawGe@J ywfoufv@kd euQwaf A'ifynm&Sif bJvm;vD
,m; pwJEh ikd if aH wGrmS vufcu H sio
hf ;Hk qJjzpfygw,f? 'Duae@acwfrmS tckvq kd ifjzLawmf bmwDuawmh rif;eJ@jynfol=um; tmCmwawG&Sdvdk@ tpdk;&bmyJvkyfaeae ,=wm
udk xl;xl;jcm;jcm;bG@J emrawGay;+yD; óudq=kd u *k%ðf y=uwm bma=umifh acsw,fv@kd tajymcH&rSmjzpfw,f/ qifjzLawmfukd wefz;kd xm;
ygvJ/ wdkif;jynf twGufa&m bmtusKd;&SdEdkifrvJ? ]]'Gwåaygifrif;BuD;[m wm a&S;a[mif;,^faus;r_jzpfvdk@ EdkifiHa&;eJ@odyfrqdkifbl;vdk@
udkvHbD,mwuUodkvfu {nfhygarmuQa'gufwm t&Sifem ajymygw,f?
,uuawmh tckvq kd ifjzLawmfukd tjrwfwEd;k ud;k uG,w f m[m tdE, dN u qifjzLawmftpD;aygif;360 'Dawmh qifjzLawmfay:wJu h ed ;f a=umifh wdik ;f jynfrmS
[dELN ,Ofaus;r_ ta&SŒawmiftm&Sukd jyef@aewmjzpfw,f/ +yD;awmh bk
&m;a[musr;f *efawGrmS qif&wemqd+k yD; &wem 7 yg;rSmxnfx h m;ay
ykid w
f ,fqakd yrJhtcsdew
f efawmh twdwfxl; edrdwfxl;awGawG@ae&yg+yDvm;? armifoef;aqG
(xm;0,f) uawmh 'GwaW ygirf if;}u;D [m qifjzLawmftpD;aygi;f
rJh qifjzLawmfudk udk;uG,fzdk@rvdka=umif;/ aumif;wJhtvkyfudkvkyf&if ysufp;D &wmjzpfw,f}} 360 ydkifw,fqdkayrJh tcsdefwefawmh ysufpD;&wmjzpfw,f/
aumif;wJeh uQwef @J ,OS af =umif; rde@f =um;ygw,f? wenf;tm;jzifh wdik ;f b,f[m rSr+rJwhJ w&m;oabma=umifh qifjzLawmfuwjcm;/
jynfaumif;apcsif&if 'DvdkacwfrrDwJh t,ltqawGtpm; rif;usifh w&m;eJ@tnD Edik if aH &;uwjcm;vd@k ok;H oyfomG ;ygw,f? b,fvykd aJ jymajym tckacwfrmS awmh qifjzL
jynfoludktkyfcsKyf&if taumif;qkH;jzpfr,fvdk@ qdkygw,f? awmfrSD+yD; =uHpkyfw,fqdkwJhpum;vdk qifjzLawmfudkta=umif;ðy+yD; EdkifiHa&;tjrwfr
jrefrmEdkifiHrSm vuf&Sdppftpdk;&u tm%mwnf+rJatmif/ bkef;wefcdk;}uD; xkwfzdk@u ydkta&;}uD;w,fvdk@ ajymEdkifygw,f?

aea&mifjcnfpGrf;tifoHk; qkdvmjym;eJY jrefrmvlxk


wae@wjcm; urBm&h moDOwk azgujf yefajymif;vJvmaer_e@J urBm}uD;ylaEG;vmwmudk umuG,zf @kd t
wGuf avxkxu J kd umAGe"f gwaf iG@tygt0if zefvt Hk rd "f gwaf iG@ xkwv f yk rf u _ kd avsmch s&r,f/ 'Dawmh umAGe"f gwf
aiG@awG xkwv f w $ wf ahJ &eHw@kd obm0"gwaf iG@w@kd ausmufr;D aoG;wd@k tp&Sw d hJ avmifpmawG uaepGr;f tifxw k f
aer,ft h pm; obm0ywf0ef;usiu f v kd nf; rxdcu kd /f ok;H wJt
h &if; tjrpfuvnf; jyefvnfjynfòh zd;+rJ t&if;t
jrpfjzpfwJh aea&mifjcnfuae pGrf;tifxkwfoifhwJh ta&; EdkifiHwumrSm tm;ay;vmae=uyg+yD?
w±kwrf mS / tar&duefrmS / Oa&myrSmpojzifh urBmb
vmpGr;f tif) xkww f b
h ,fae&mrSmyJjzpfjzpf aea&mifjcnfprG ;f tif (qdk
hJ ufrmS &if;eD;jrK‡ yEf rHS a_ wG rsm;vmaeygw,f? jrefrmjynfrmS uawmh urBmeJ@Eid_ ;f ,Of&if qdk zdvpfyidk v f ,form;awG
vmpGr;f tiftay: pdw0f ifpm;r_ enf;aeao;w,fv@kd ajymEdik yf gw,f? jrefrmjynfuobm0ywf0ef;usif xde;f
odrf;a&;qdkif&m tJef*sDtdkwpfckjzpfwJh Renewable Energy Association - Myanmar (REAM) u OD;aqmif rdb
k idk ;f zke;f u enf;ynmawG&
ol OD;atmifjrifhu aea&mifjcnfuae v#yfppfpGrf; pyg;txGuw f ;kd zd@k &nf&,G +f y;D v,form;wpfO;D csi;f pD
tifxkwfvkyf&if y%mr &if;ESD;r_aiGvdktyfcsufrsm; twGuf pdu k yf sK;d a&;enf;ynmawGukd tpd;k &u rdb k ikd ;f rufaqh
wm&,f/ v#ypf pfr;D óud;oG,w f ef;wJph epfrmS oD;jcm;p csfawGeJ@ydk@ay;oGm;zdk@pDpOfaeyg+yD?
epfusp&mawG vdktyfwJhtwGuf vlawGu pdwf0if v,form;wpfa,mufu pdu k yf sK;d a&;Xmeudzk ek ;f ac:
pm;r_enf;wm jzpfEikd af =umif; bDbpD u D kd &Si;f jyygw,f? +yD; ol@v,fuajr trsK;d tpm;/ pdu k yf sK;d csiw
f rhJ sK;d aphawGukd ajym
'gayrJh a&&Snu f ek u f spm;&dwf eJ@wu G =f unfh jy&if/ Xmeu rdepfyikd ;f twGi;f wGucf su+f yD; b,ftcsed rf mS ppdu k f
&if qdvk mutrsm;}u;D ouf oma=umif; olu&Si;f jyyg vd@k / b,favmuf "mwfajrjoZmxnfah y;&r,f qdw k mawGukd
w,f? Oyrm omrefro d m;pko;Hk twGu0f yf 80 xGuw f hJ text rufaqhcsfeJ@jyefydk@ay;rSm jzpfygw,f?
qdkvmjym;wcsyfvdktyf+yD;/ tJ'Dqdkvmjym;wyfqifxm;&ifwae@udkwDAGD 2 em&DavmufzGifhEdkifr,f/ pdkufysKd;a&;Xmeu okawoeðycsufawGt& uyf
rD;q&ifvnf;nae 6 em&Duae ntdyfwJh tcsdefavmufxd xGef;vdk@&a=umif;eJ@ 'Dqdkvmjym;udk ESpfaygif; 20 &uf v ,f u G i f ; awG r S m awmif v,f a jrtrsKd ; tpm;u
ausmf ok;H Edik af =umif; oluqdyk gw,f? &if;ES;D &rSmuawmh "mwftm;0yf wpf0yfxu G zf @kd twGuf vdt k yfwq hJ vkd m rwlwt hJ wGuf ud, k v hf ,fe@J toifah wmfq;Hk pdu k yf sK;d enf;awG&dS
jym;wefb;kd u 4 a':vmcGyJ g? 0yf 80 twGuq f &kd ifawmh a':vm 360 usrmS yg? 'gt h jyif qdv k mrSmwyfqifxm; &if txGuw f ;kd E_e;f vnf; odoo d mom aumif;vmwm awG@&
wJbh ufx&Du aea&mifjcnf pGr;f tm;udk xde;f odr;f xm;Edik w f hJ pGr;f &nf&w dS t hJ wGuf 'Dae@r;kd tk@H +yD; aerxGuv f @kd w,fv@kd qykd gw,f?
qdkvmeJ@ rD;xGef;Edkifyghrvm;qdk wmudk ylp&mrvdka=umif;vnf; OD;atmif jrifhu &Sif;jyygw,f? zdvpfyikd [ f m wpfcsed u f qefwify@kd a&mif;cswhJ Edik if jH zpf
tem*wf vlom;rsK;d quftwGuf ta&;}uD;wJh obm0ywf0ef;usiu f kd xde;f odr;f a&;twGuv f nf; cJah yr,fh tckawmh trsm;qk;H wifoiG ;f ae&wJh Edik if w H pfcjk zpfae
aumif;rGe/f ukeu f spm;&dwv f nf; oufomwJh qdv k mpGr;f tifukd vlawGyo kd ;Hk pGv
J moifw h mu trSeyf g? jrefrmjynf yg+yD? aus;vufaev,form; rdom;pkwikd ;f rSmvnf;tckqkd rdk
rSmawmh vlawGpw d 0f ifpm;vmatmif owif;rD', D mawGuaewqifh pnf;±k;H wmawG&adS eayr,fh atmufajcvl bdik ;f zke;f awG&=dS uwJt h wGuf zke;f rufaqhcsef @J y@kd ay;wm[m tqif
rsm;pk pdwf0ifpm;+yD; tokH;ðyr_rsm;vmatmif vkyfzdk@trsm;}uD; vdktyfaeqJyJ&Sdaeygw,f? ajyqkH; tjrefqkH;enf;vrf;wpfck jzpfaew,fvdk@od&ygw,f?
B B C [Jvdk owif;vTm 5

bDbpD [ D v J kd rdwaf qGrsm;udk r*Fvmyg


vdk@ E_wfcGef;qufovdkufygw,f? bDbpD D jrefrmydik ;f tpDtpOfukd jrefrmEkid if H
bDbpD jD refrmydik ;f tpDtpOfawGukd t vGw v
f yfa&; r&cifuwnf;u pwiftoHvi$ chf w hJ m
ckvdk pmapmifxkwfa0+yD; jynfwGif;jynfyu xl; 2010 pufwifbmv 2 &ufae@rSmtESpf &0 wif;
jcm;wJh owif;awG/ owif;aqmif;yg;awG/ o wif;jynfyh g+yD? wku d w f u kd qf ikd qf ikd yf J usrwd@k &JΠtoH
wif;okH;oyfcsufawGudk aomw&SifawGqD t v$ifhtpDtpOfawGudk em;axmifcsifayr,fh rtm;r
a&mufydk@ay;aewmudk óudqdkygw,f? vyfv@kd em;raxmifEidk w f hJ a&GŒajymif;tvkyo f rm; y&d
txl;o jzifh bDbpD D jrefrmydik ;f toH v$it hf pDtpOfEpS af ygi;f &0 jynfw
h ahJ e@rmS owf awGtwG u f vpOf o wif ; v$ mwpf a pmif xk w &
f ifo if a
h wmf r ,f v @
k d t=u ð
H y vmwm
[Jvdkpmapmif ay:xGuf vmwmudk rsm;pGm*k%f,lrdygw,f? eJ@bDbDpD jrefrm ydkif;tpDtpOf ESpfaygif; &0 jynfhwJhpufwifbmvrSm bDbDpD [Jvdk
bDbpD &D ŒJ bmomjcm; toHvi$ t hf pDtpOfawGxrJ mS yxrOD;qk;H ay:xGuv f txl;owif;v$mudk xkwfa0zdk@ qkH;jzwf cJh=uygw,f?
mwJh bDbpD D jrefrmXme[m jrefrmEdik if v H w
G v f yfa&; a=unmcsut f ygt0if ordik ;f 0if bDbpD u D rBmwv$m; tpDtpOfawGxrJ mS tapmqk;H tm&Sbmompum;awG
tjzpftysufawGudk v$ifhxkwfay;cJh+yD; rSwfwrf; wifEdkifcJhygw,f? xJuwpfckjzpfwJh jrefrmbmomtoHv$ifhtpDtpOf jzwfoef;cJhwJh q,fpkESpf 7 ck t
ppfwrf;aumuf,cl suaf wGt& oDwif;ywfw ywftwGi;f jrefrmEdik if w H iG ;f wGi;f bDbpD [ D m jrefrmEkid if w H iG ;f u ordik ;f 0ifjzpf&yfawGukd rSww f rf;wifazmfjycJo h vdk
u bDbDpDjrefrmydkif;toHv$ifh tpDtpOfudk em;axmifwJholpkpkaygif; 8 oef; 3 odef; urBmo h wif;awGukd OD;OD;zsm;zsm; wifjycJyh gw,f? bDbpD D jrefrmydik ;f tpDtpOf[m jynf
&Sdygw,f? jrefrmEdkifiH&JŒ vlOD;a&pkpkaygif;&JŒ 22²9µ jzpfygw,f? wG i ;
f jy nfyu yuwdtajctaeawGukd owif;vGwv f yfciG hf ydwyf ifcaH e&wJh jrefrmjynf
bDbpD &D ŒJ 'Dy&dowf tiftm;ud=k unf&h ifyJ bDbpD D jrefrmydik ;f tpDtpOftay: om;awGqD avvd_if;uwqifh wifjyay;ae&mu tckwcg vpOfpmapmifudkyg wdk;csJŒ
vlawG&JΠ,kH=unfr_twdkif;twmudk cef@rSef;Edkifygw,f? xkwfa0vmEkdifwJhtwGuf a&'D,dky&dowfawGomruyJ a&'D,dkem;axmifzdk@
aomw&SifawGqDu jyef=um; pmawGxJrSmvnf; bDbDpD[m ,kH=unfpdwf tcsed rf ay;Ekid w f hJ y&dowfweG @J yg usrwd@k ou d |r;f zd@k tcGit hf vrf;awG &&Srd mS jzpfv@dk usr
cs&wJhowif; Xmejzpfw,fqdkwmudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;azmf jyxm;ygw,f? wd@k u txl;yJ0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpf&ygw,f? bDbDpD [Jvkd owif;v$mrSm jynfwiG ;f
jrefrmydkif;toHv$ifh tpDtpOf[m toHv$ifh±kH oufoufr[kwfbJ jynfy owif;awG/ pdwf0ifpm;p&m aqmif;yg;awG/ awG@qkHar;jref;cef;awGtjyif xdkif;
jrefrmjynfojl ynfom;awGe@J urBm ay:&Sd Edik if t H oD;oD;udk csw
d qf ufay;aew,fq&kd if Ekid if rH mS tvkyv f yk u f ikd af e=uwJh jrefrmjynfom;awG odoifo h x d u kd w f hJ xdik ;f Oya'awG
rSm;r,frxifygbl;? udvk nf; xnfo h iG ;f azmfjy xm;ygw,f? r=umrD jrefrmEkid if H
tvm;wlyJ bDbDpD[Jvdkpmapmif[m ]]owif ; XmeawG & J U xk w f v T i f h c suf a wG t m;vH k ; ud k tNrJ rSma&G;aumufyGJawG usif;yawmhrSmjzpfvdk@ bDbDpD [Jvdk
&yfa0; &yfeD;u bDbDpDy&dowfeJ@urBm}uD;udk pmapmifrSm a&G; aumufyGJ owif;awGudkvnf; pkHpkHnDnD
em;axmifygw,f/ bDbDpDvkd owif;XmeawG&JU xkwfvTifh zwf±E_ idk rf mS jzpfyg w,f? bDbpD D [Jvkd pmapmif[m usrwd@k
aygif;ul;csdwfquf ay;zdk@rsm;pGmtaxmuftul
ðyr,fvdk@ usaemfar#mfvifh ,kH=unfygw,f? csufawGudkyJ jrefrmjynfom;awGu owif;twGuf rSDckd eJ@usrwd@k ukd tm; ay;=uwJh y&dowfawGukd aygi;f ul;ay;r,fh
ae &wm yg?}} pmapmif jzpfvmr,fvdk@ ar#mfvifhygw,f?

Peter Horrocks a':atmifqef;pkMunf


a':wifxm;aqG
Director
Director,, BBC Global News jrefrmh'Drkdua&pD vIyf&Sm;rIacgif;aqmif
XmerSL;/ bDbDpD jrefrmykdif;tpDtpOf
B B C [Jvdk owif;vTm 6

bDbpD D jref rm ykid ;f t pD t pOf wnf ax


B B C [Jvdk owif;vTm 7

xmif onhf ESpf 70 ajrmuf t xdr;f t rSwf pm apmif


[Jvdk owif;vTm 8
bD b D p D jref r myk d i f ; tpD t pOf ES p f 70 jynh f N yD
B B C

ESpf 70 jynfh trSwfw&pum;vufaqmif


aomw&S i f a wG t wG u f bD b D p D
]]bDbDpDudk em;axmifvmwm ESpfaygif; 60 ausmf 70
yxrOD;qkH; jrefrmbmom tpDtpOfudk urBmhta&SŒzsm;rSm ppfjzpfaewJh eD;yg;&SdygNyD? acwftqufquf bDbDpDu 'Drdkua&pDzufu &yf
tcsed f 1940 pufwifbmv 2&ufae@rmS pwifxw k v
f i$ chf w
hJ myg? bDbpD u
D yxrOD;qk;H wnfcJhwm awGY&ygw,f/ vGwfvyfa&;r&cifacwf? vGwfvyf
xkwv f i$ chf w
hJ hJ tm&Sbmompum; tpDtpOfo;Hk rsK;d xJrmS jrefrmbmomtpDtpOf yg0if a&;&NyD;acwf? 'DzufacwftxdayghAsm? 1962 ckESpf aemufydkif;
cJhygw,f? tckqdk bDbDpD jrefrmXme&JŒ oufwrf;[m ESpf (70) jynfh+yD jzpfygw,f? rSm 'Drdkua&pDqkH; ½IH;rIBuD;awG &SdcJhw,fayghAsm? tJ'DrSmvnf;
bDbpD [
D m jrefrmEdik if H owif;awGe@J twl Edik if w H umrSmjzpfaewJh owif;ESihf bDbDpDu uRefawmfwdkY&SmaewJh vGwfvyfa&;vrf;aMumif;udk
rsuaf rSmufa&;&mawGukd bufvu kd rf r_ &Syd J uGjJ ym;jcm;em;wJh tawG;tjriftpkpH /Hk t"du tusKd;jyKcJhw,f/ 'Dzuf acwfrSmvnf; 'DvdkyJ? aemifudkvJ jynf
uswhJ ±_axmifah wGuae avhvmqef;ppfcsuaf wGe@J a0a0qmqm wifqufay;aewm olYawmfvSefa&;udk tusKd;jyKwmawG qufvuf xkwfvTi f h
yg? ay;ygvdkY arwåm&yf cHcsifygw,f?}}
bDbDpDjrefrmXme&JΠowif;axmufawG[m xdkif;/ b*Fvm;a'h&Sf/ tdENd,/ uAsmq&m pma&;q&m}uD; '*kefwm&m
tar&duefjynfaxmifpw k @kd rmS &Sad ewmrd@k jynfwiG ;f jynfyu jrefrmEdik if eH @J qikd wf hJ owif;
awGudk tcsdefeJ@wajy;nD &,lwifqufay;Edkifygw,f?
]]bDbDpD owif;udktNrJem;axmif&ojzifh
bDbDpDjrefrmydkif; tpDtpOfawGudk reufydkif;rSm eHeuf 6 em&DcGJuae 7 em
owif;tcsuftvufawG trsm;BuD;odcJh&w,f/
&Dtxd rdepf 30 eJ@ nydik ;f rSm n 8 em&D 15 rdepfuae 9 em&Dtxd 45 rdepf v_id ;f wdpk epf
eJ@ xkwfv$ifhay;aeygw,f? www.bbcburmese.com uvnf; wdkuf±dkufem;qifEdkif aus;Zl;wifp&mwcku owif;awGudk rSefrSefuef
uef vTifhw,f/ bufrvdkufyJ rSefuefwJhowif;awG
ovdk PAS10 eJ@ Palapa ò*dvfwk±kyfoHuaevnf; zrf;,lem;qifEdkifygw,f?
udk ydkUcswJh twGufaMumifh trsm;BuD;tusKd;&Sdw,f/
aemufquf vufBudK;pm;ygvdkY ajymcsifygw,f?}}
aqG;aEG;zvS,f
Adv
k cf sKyf}uD; wmrvmabm
bDbpD t D pDtp^f tm;vk;H rSm bDbpD u D csn;f ajymaewmr[kwb f J aomw OuUÏ (u&if trsK;d om; tpnf;t±k;H )
&SifawGudk tjyeftvSef ajymqdkcGifhay;xm;ygw,f? wcg jrefrmEdkifiHwGif;u wdkif;&if;
om;aygi;f pkeH @J qikd wf hJ "avhx;Hk pHawG/ ,Ofaus;r_awGukd cserf xm;cJo h vdk aomw&Siaf wG
t+rJwrf;pdw0f ifpm;=uwJh jrefrmppfwyfta=umif;udv k nf; owif;pkpH rf; xkwv f i$ ahf y;
]]usruawmh bDbDpD xkwfvTifhcsufawGudk odyfo
abmusygw,f? aeYwdkif; em;axmifw,f/ em;raxmifwJhaeY
aeygw,f?
udkr&Sdygbl;/ olurQw,f/ jrefrmowif;a&m EdkifiHwumo
jynfwGif; jynfyowif;awG/ ukefoG,fa&;eJ@ pD;yGm;a&;owif;awGtjyif
wif;yg pkHatmifwifqufay;w,f? tjyifu rD'D,muvTifh
urBmzh vm;vdjk zpf&yf}uD;rsK;d owif;awGuv kd nf; jynfjh ynfph pHk Hk wifqufay;aeygw,f?
wm awGtm;vkH; usrem;axmifw,f/ bDbDpD u trQqkH;yJ/
aomw&Sif jrefrmEdik if o H m;awGtm;vk;H twGuf owif;awGukd tr#wqk;H /
'DrSmu tarSmifwdkufxJrSm ae&wmav/ bmrSrzwf& rMum;
owif;vGwfvyfcGifht&SdqkH;/ owif;t&nftaoG; taumif;qkH;jzpfatmif bDbDpD
&bl;/ qifqmuvJ tckydkydkqdk;vmaew,f/ tJ'Dawmh aeY
jrefrmXmeu óud;pm;today;aeygw,f? 'Dvkd wifqufay;Edik zf @kd twGuf bDbpD jD refrm
Xmeu ud, k w f ikd w
f nfaqmufxm;wJh jrefrmEdik if w H iG ;f u t,k=H unf&qk;H tcdik rf mqk;H wdkif; vTifhay;aewmudk aus;Zl;t&rf;wifygw,f?}}
owif;&if;jrpfawGukd ud;k um;ar;jref; wifqufaewmjzpfygw,f? bDbpD u D kd aomw a':csKdcsKdausmf+idrf; (taxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL; 1)
&Siaf wGu ,k=H unftm;ay;=uw,fqw kd mudvk nf; bDbpD u D akd omw&Siaf wG a&;om; 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
vmwJhpmawGu oufaocHaeygw,f?
]]bDbDpDu usaemfwdkYtwGuf em;rsufpdyJ? b,fvkd
em; rsufpdvJqkdawmh tifrwefod&cJwJh tifrwef&Sm;yg;wJh
owif;rsKd;awG[m bDbDpDuyJ ay;Edkifw,f?/ ,©Kvuf&Sdu
aomw&SifwdkU&JU bDbDpD Oyrm ppfwyfrSm jzpfysufaewJhudpöawG[m 'gbDbDpDutrsm;
BuD; xkwfvTifhay;wm? aemufNyD;awmh usaemfwdkYudk BudKwifod
bDbDpDjrefrmydkif; tpDtpOfudk em;qiftm;ay;olu oDwif;
ap&ovdkyJ cHpm;&w,f? txl;ojzihf ppfwyf&J U tMuHtpnf?
ywfwdkif;rSm t&G,fa&mufNyD;ol jrefrmtm;vkH;&JU 22.9% &SdNyD;? ta&t ppfwyfrSmjzpfysufaewJh taetxm;awG[m jynfolawG
wGuftm;jzifhqdk&ifawmh 8.3 oef; &Sdw,fvdkU rMumao;cifu vkyfcJhwJh odyfodcsifaew,f? 'gudk bDbDpDuaewqifh usaemfwdkYudk
ppfwrf;awGu azmfjyaeygw,f? xkwfvTifhay;Edkifr,fqkd&if odyfNyD; awmh tusKd;&Sdygw,f?}}
pHcbl&D bDbDpDy&dowf
]]bDbDpDqkdwm usaemfwdkYtwGuf em;ydkwckvkdyJ cHpm;rdygw,f?
vlawGrSm em;ESpfzuf&Sdw,f? 'Dem;ESpfzufeJY usaemfwdk Y jynfwGif;rSm Mum;
reufyikd ;f tpDtpOf nydkif; tpDtpOf ae&w,f/ reufjzef Mum;p&m&SdwJhem;awGudk bDbDpDu wyfqifay;w,f
vIid ;f wdk 25? 31? 41 vdIif;wdk 25? 31? 49 vkd Y cHpm;rdygw,f? usaemfwkdY 'DjynfwGif;rSmaewJh taetxm;awG[m
rD*g[wfZf 11.750? 9.810? rD*g[wfZf 11.945? 9.585? jynfwGif;u owif;XmeawGwck? *sme,fawGwckeJY rvHkavmufygbl;?
usaemfwkdY urÇmhtaetxm; jrefrmhtaetxm;udk 'DxufydkNyD; odcsifvkdY
6.065 6.155
&Sd&if toHvTifhXmeawGudk tm;udk; ,HkMunf&ygw,f/}}
&efukefom;wOD;
B B C [Jvdk owif;vTm EkdifiHwum owif; 9

ygupöwef a&ab; 'ku©onf oef; 20 txd&Sd


=o*kwfvqef;up+yD; ygupPwefEdkifiHrSm qdk; qkH; tajctaeawGxJuwpfckjzpf+yD; odef;eJ@csDwJh a& tultnD a':vmoef; 460 ay;r,fv@kd a=ujimxm;+yD;/
qdk;0g;0g; a&}uD;r_awGjzpfcJhvdk@ twd'kuQa&muf ae=u& ab;'kuoQ nfawG[m wpkwH &mtultnD r&ao;bJ&dS Oa&m yor*~uawmh a':vmoef; 90 ulnDzdk@uwdðy
olta&twGuf[m oef; 20 txd&Sdvmae+yD;/ a&}uD; aeao;w,fvdk@ ukvor*~u,fq,fa&; at*sifpD xm;ygw,f? ADB tm&SzGH@òzd;a&;b%fuvJ ta&;ay:
wJh'%fcHae&wJh a'oawGtm;vkH;udkvnf; csufjcif; awGu ajymygw,f? acs;aiG a':vmoef;ESpfaxmifay;r,fvdk@ urf;vSrf;yg
oGm;a&muftultnD ray;EdkifcJhwJhtwGuf a&m*gawG uk v or*~ u ygupP w ef a &ab;twG u f w,f?
jyef@ yGm;ul;pufvmrSmudk pdk;&drfae=u&ygw,f?
vl a jcmuf o ef ; eD ; yg;avmuf ta&;ay:
tultnDvdktyfaewJhtxJrSm okH;ywfavmuf =um
vm+yD;wJhtxd WFP urBmhpm;eyf&duQmtpDtpOfu
'kuQonf wpfoef;atmufudkyJ tultnDawG jzef@a0
ay;Edik af o;w,fv@kd ukvor*~uajymygw,f? oef@&iS ;f
wJh aomufa&jywfvyfr_a=umifh 'kuQa&mufaeolawG
=um;rSm aemufxyfusef;rma&; jy\emawGjzpfvm
Edkifw,fvdk@ tultnDay;a&; at*sifpDawGuvJ owd
ay;xm;ygw,f? a&ab;a=umifhvlaygif; 1600 ausmf
aoqkH;cJh+yD; toufraobJ usefcJholawGtwGufvJ
aep&mtrdk; tumr&SdbJ jzpfaew,fvdk@ od&ygw,f?
a&}uD;wJhtwGuf tdk;tdrfawGeJ@ aumufyJ
oD;ESH pdkufcif;awGvJ t}uD;tus,f ysufpD;cJhygw,f?
awmif ydkif; qif;'fjynfe,frSmawmh aemufxyfa&awG
jrifhwufvmwJhtwGuf aomif;eJ@csDwJhvlawG[m olwdk@
&JΠtdr, f mawGukd pGe@f cmG cJ=h u&ygw,f? ygupPwefEikd f iHrmS
vl o m;csif ; pmemaxmuf x m;r_ t ul t nD a wG
qufvuf vdt k yfaeqJjy\em[m olw@kd oo d r#tqd;k

ta&St
U v,fyidk ;f Nidr;f csrf;a&; w½kwf ppftiftm;udk wdww
f qdwf wk;d csJaU e
aqG;aEG;yGaJ wG jyefprnf w±kwf&JŒppftiftm; tvsift
udk tar&dueforRw tdkbm;rm;u 0g&Sif jref }uD;xGm;vmwmudk tar&duefu pdwyf l
ta&SŒtv,fydkif; +idrf;csrf;a&; twGuf wefrSm vufcHusif;yay;rSm jzpfw,fvdk@ aewmvJjzpfygw,f? w±kwfppftiftm;wdk;
puf w if b mvrS m wd k u f ± d k u f a qG ; a=unmcJh+yD;/ EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; [Dvm&D csJŒr_[m v#KdŒ0SufwJhtwGuf em;vnfr_vGJ
aEG;r_awGjyefpzdk@ tar&duef&JΠzdwf=um; uvifwefu us,fjyef@wJh em;vnfr_awG wm/ twGuftcsufvGJwmawG jzpfvmEdkif
csufudk tpPa&;eJ@ygvufpwdkif; ESpfzuf &Srd ,fh +ird ;f csr;f a&;oabmwlcsuw f ckukd w w,fvdk@ tar&duef umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xm
acgi;f aqmifawGu óud qdv k u
kd =f uygw,f? ES p f t wG i f ; &&S d E d k i f r ,f v d k @ ol , k H = unf euxkwfwJh tpD&ifcHpmu qdkygw,f?
us,u f s ,fjyef@jyef@ em;vnfr&_ r,fh aqG; a=umif; ajymygw,f? w±kwf[m ol@&JŒajrjyifuae ypf jyifxJrSm tar&duef&JŒ rvdkvm;tyf
aEG;yGJjzpfzdk@olwdk@taeeJ@ oEMdÏmefcsxm; tJ'D oabmwlnD csufawGxJ v$w&f wJh 'k;H vufeufawGukd tqifjh r‡iahf eo wJh 0ifa&mufpGuf zufr_awG&Sdaew,f
w,fvdk@ ESpfzufpvkH;u ajymyg w,f? rSm a*s±q k vifòrdŒ&JŒ Edik if aH &;taetxm;/ vdk a&ikwfoabFmeJ@ e,l;uvD;,m;vuf qd+k yD; w±kwu
f a0zefxm;ygw,f? wcg
tpPa&;0ef}uD;csKyf bif*srif ygvufpwdkif;EdkifiHtwGuf e,fajrowf eufawGudkvnf; wdk;csJŒaea=umif; yifw*Gef t ar&duefbufuvnf; r=umcif ESpf
eufwmnm[k&JŒajym cGifh&oluawmh aph rSwcf suef @J tpPa&;Edik if w H nf axmifpOfu uuGef*&ufudk ESpfpOf wifwJhtpD&ifcHpmrSm awGrmS awG@&wJw h ±kw&f ŒJ ppfa&;wd;k csŒJ
pyfaqG;aEG;r_awGrmS tcuftcJawG&ydS gvrd hf td;k tdrrf chJ &hJ wJh ygvufpwdik ;f awG olw@kd ae azmfjyxm; ygw,f? w±kwfrSm wmwdkypf'kH; r_awG[m ol@e,fpyftjyif bufxd/
r,f/ 'gayr,fh ordik ;f 0ifoabmwlnrD w _ &mudjk yefvmtajccsciG hf pwmawG yg0ifrmS vufeuf 1150/ ta&twGurf od&wJh wm wdkif0rftjyifbufxdyg a&mufEdkifwm
ckawmh &&SEd ikd rf mS ygv@kd ajymygw,f? ygvuf jzpfygw,f? vwfypf'kH;vufeufawG&Sdw,fvdk@ tpD&ifcH jyaew,fv@kd yifw*Geu f cef@reS ;f xm;yg
pwdik ;f zufu n‡Ed id_ ;f a&;rSL; qm&uftm&m tpPa&;u ygvufpwdkif;qDu pmuqdkyg w,f? w,f? w±kw&f ŒJ wma0;ypf';Hk vufeuf
uwfuawmh ESpfzufpvk;H [m +ird ;f csr;f a&; odrf;xm;wJh e,fajrawGrSm *sL;tdrf,mp wbufrSmvnf; w±kwfuol@&JŒ tpDtpOfawG[m ypdzw d x f ad &mufEikd f
twGuf ppfreS w f v hJ uf wGaJ z:awGjzpfz@kd ar#mf cef;awG aqmufvkyfaewmudk uef@uGuf t"dutusKd;pD;yGm;awGudk xdyg;cHae&w,f w,f/ *syefu tdkuDem0gu|ef;eJ@ *ltrf
vifha=umif; ajymygw,f? wJt h aeeJ@ ygvufpwdik ;f awGzufu aqG;aEG; vdk@,lq vmaew,fvdk@vnf; tpD&ifcHpm xd a&mufEdkifw,fvdk@qdkyg w,f?
'gayr,fhvdk@ *gZmudkxdef;csKyf yG J a wG u d k & yf q d k i f ; xm;cJ h w m wpf E S p f c G J uqdkygw,f? Oyrm tar&duefeJ@ awmifudk w±kwf&JŒ ppfbuf bwf
xm;wJh ygvufpwdkif;ppfaoG;ºuGtkyfpk avmuf&ydS g+yD? t&ifwek ;f u aqG;aEG;yGaJ wG &D;,m;wdk@&JŒ t}uD;pm;ppfa&;avhusifhr_awG *suf[m rwfvua=unmcsuft&
[m;rwfpu f awmh olw@kd taeeJ@ b,fv&kd jyefpzd@k q&kd if tdr, f maqmufvyk rf a_ wG t udk w±kwpf pf bufu xkwjf yefwphJ mwrf;awG t&ifESpfxuf ckESpf'\rig; &mcdkifE_H;
v'fudkrS tod trSwfðyrSmr [kwfbl;vdk@ &if&yfay;&r,fvdk@ ygvufpwdkif;zufu rSma0zefxm;+yD; w±kwf&JŒt"du tusKd;pD; rsm;vm+yD; a':vm 78 bDvD,H&Sdyg
ajymygw,f? [m;rwfpf[m aqG;aEG;r_awG awmif;qdkaecJhwmyg/ tckwpfacgufrSm yGm;awGudk tar&duefu tem;uuyf+yD; w,f? tar&duef&JΠppfbwf*sufu
rSm yg0ifrmS vnf; r[kwyf gb;l ? awmh óudwifpnf;urf;csufawGrxm;bJ 0dik ;f &Hxm;zd@k óud;pm;aew,fv@kd a&;om;xm; awmh'DESpfrSm a':vmbDvD,H ckESpf&m
tckvdk aqG;aEG;r,fhtpDtpOf aqG;aEG;=urSmjzpfygw,f? ygw,f? txl;ojzifh awmifw±kwfyifv,f xd &Sdaeygw,f?
B B C [Jvdk owif;vTm a&G;aumufyGJu¾ 10

2008 tajccHOya'&JU uefo


Y wfcsufawGrsm;vSwhJ2010a&G;aumufyJG
wGuef eJ eJ @J yJ 0ifòydi&f awmhrvdjk zpfae+y;D tpd;k &0ef}u;D awGe@J
xl;jcm;csufrsm; zG@J pnf;xm;wJh jynfaxmif pk=uHhcdkifa&;eJ@zGH@òzd;a&;ygwDom
2010 a&G;aumufyGJrSm trwfae&m trsm;pkeJ@tvG,f
ppf w yf & J U BuD ; rm;wJ h u@ wultEdkif&&Sdr,fhtvm;tvm&Sdw,fvdk@ OD;oka0u
umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;/ jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;/ e,f ajymygw,f?
pyfa&;&m 0ef}uD;awG[m ppfwyft&m&SdawG jzpf&r,f? wcg a&G;aumufyGJ0ifr,fh udk,fpm;vS,fawG
olwdk@tm;vkH;udk umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu trnfpm&if; a&G;aumufyaJG wGukd Ed0k ifbmv 7 &ufae@rmS vdkufem&r,fhpnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;awGudk a&G;aumufyGJ
wifoiG ;f cef@xm;&r,f? orw[m ppfa&; tjrif&o dS jl zpf usif;yr,fvdk@ =o*kwfv 13 &ufae@rSma=ujim+yD; ygwD aumfr&Siu f =o*kwv f 18 &ufae@peJG @J xkwjf yefa=unm
&r,f? orweJ@ umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf/ umuG,af &; 0ef awGua&G;aumufy0JG ifr,fh ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;awGukd vdkufygw,f? t"duuawmh udk,fpm;vS,favmif;awG
}uD;/ jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;/ e,fpyfa&;&m0ef}uD;qdw k hJ ppft =o*kwv f 16 &ufuae 30 &uftwGi;f wifjy&r,fv@kd vlpv k al 0;eJ@rq
J ,G f a[majymwJt h cg a&G;aumufyaJG umf
&m&Sad v;OD; oabmwln&D if ta&;ay:tajctae a=u owfrw S vf ukd wf m[m Edik if aH &;ygwaD wGtwGuf tcuf r&Siu f kd wywfóuw d if ta=umif;=um;+y;D cGiðhf ycsu&f ,lz@kd /
jim+yD; tm%modr;f cGi&hf w dS ,f? tajccHOya'udk ysujf y,f tcJawGtrsm;}uD; jzpfomG ;apw,fv@kd ygwaD wGu ajym tvHawGudkif+yD; pDwef;vSnfhvnfwm/ aºuG;a=umfwm
apEdkifwJhtm%mudk tajccHOya'rSmxnfhoGif; a&;qGJ ygw,f? awGrvkyfzdk@eJ@ ygwDpmapmifawGxkwfwJhtcg (1962) ykH
xm;ygw,f? v$wfawmfawGrSm a&G;aumufcH udk,fpm; ygwDtrsm;pku tckrSaumfr&Sifudkwifjy& ESyd Of ya'eJ@ pmaypdppfa&;rlawGukd vdu k ef mzd@k w@kd jzpfygw,f?
vS,u f av;yko H ;Hk ykyH g+yD;/ wyku
H awmh umuG,af &; OD;pD; r,fh ygw0D ifta&twGuu f kd pkaqmif;aeqJjzpf+yD;/ ud,
k f pnf;urf;csuaf wGxrJ mS a[majymzd@k (7) &uf
csKyfu wdkuf±dkufcef@r,fh wyfrawmfom; udk,fpm;vS,f pm;vS,af vmif;a&G;cs,zf @kd jyifqifcsed rf &ao;bl;vd@k 'Drkd óuw d ifta=umif;=um;&r,fqw kd thJ csu[ f m rvdt k yf bJ
awG jzpfygvrd rhf ,f? jynfoal wG a&G;aumufxm;wJh v$wf u&ufwpfygwD OuUÏOD;oka0u ajymygw,f? aemufw uef@owfxm;wmvdk@ jrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd; om;EdkifiHa&;
awmfudk,fpm;vS,fawG[m Oya'ðyzdk@om jzpfw,f? cg ud,
k pf m;vS,af vmif;wpfO;D twGuf aiG 5 ode;f wif& tzG@J csKyf OuUÏOD;at;vGiu f axmufjyygw,f? =o*kwv f 20
tpdk;&zGJ@zdk@r[kwf? tpdk;&udk orweJ@ umuG,fa&;OD;pD; r,fqw kd hJ uef@owfcsu[ f mvnf; ygwt D rsm;pktwGuf &ufae@u =uHhcdkifzGH@òzd;a&;ygwDu ±kH;awGzGifhwJhtcrf;
csKyfu zGJ@rSmjzpfw,f? t=uyftwnf;}uD;jzpfvdk@ 'gudkjyifqifay;zdk@wcsKdŒygwD tem;rSmawmh aºuG;a=umfoHawG atmf[pfcJhwJhtwGuf
orwa&G;cs,fykH awGuvnf; aumfr&Sifudkpmwifxm;=uygw,f? 'g ygwDawGtay: pnf;urf;uef@owfr_awG[m pHESpfrsKd;eJ@
orwudk 'kwd,orw okH;a,mufxJuae a=umifh ygwt D rsm;pk[m ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif; ta&t vkyfaewmvdk@ a0zefr_awGvnf;&SdcJhygw,f?
a&G;cs,rf mS jzpfw,f? 'kw, d orw ESpaf ,mufukd v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,af wGu a&G;cGi&hf +dS yD; use'f w
wa,mufudk wyfrawmfom; 25 &mE_ef;udk,fpm;vS,f
k , d orw
NLD a&G;aumufyu
JG kd orD;oH;k OD; ... a&SzU ;kH rS
OD;EkeJ@OD;ausmf+idrf;&JΠtuGJt+yJa=umifh 1962
awGu a&G;cs,rf mS jzpfw,f? wyfrawmfom; 25 &mE_e;f
udk umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyfwOD;wnf;&JΠqk;H jzwfcsuef @J a&G; oydwaf rSmuf ckESpfrSm AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;u ppftm%modrf;cJh+yD; wdkif;
jynfvJ uHqdk;rdk;arSmifuscJh&w,fvdk@ ordkif;rSma&;=u
cs,frSm jzpf+yD;/ v$wfawmfoufwrf; twGif;rSm um
vmrJh Ed0k ifbmv 7 &ufrmS usi;f yr,fh taxG om;=uw,f/ 'g[m rSeo f ifoh avmufreS w f thJ wGuf tJ
uG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu róuduf&if tcsdefra&G; jyefvnf±kyf
axGa&G;aumufyGJudk 1990 jynfha&G;aumufyGJtEdkif& 'DtrSm;awGudk jyefjyifEdkifatmif/ orD;awGu r+yD;ao;
odr;f cGi&hf w dS ,f? trsK;d om;umuG,af &;eJ@ vkðH caH &;aumif
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf NLD ygwDu oydwf wJh zcifawG&JŒwm0efawGudk quf,l=uzdk@ qkH;jzwfcJhwm
pD[m vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifh ay;EdkifwJhtm%m/ EdkifiHjcm;
arSmufa=umif; a=unmxm;ygw,f? 2008 zG@J pnf;ykH t ygvdk@ a':csKdcsKdausmf+idrf;u bDbDpDudkajymygw,f?
wdkif;jynfudk oHwrefjzwfawmufEdkifwJhtm%m/ ta&;
ajccHOya'eJ@ a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOya'/ enf;Oya' olwdk@a&G;umufyGJ 0ifr,fvdk@qkH;jzwfwmudk
ay: tajctaea=ujim+yD; tm%modr;f Edik w f hJ vkyyf ikd cf iG hf
awG[m 'Drdkua&pDeJ@vl@cGifhta&;awG&&Sdzdk@ b,fvdkrSOD; a0zefwmawG&Sdayr,fh EdkifiHa&;e,fy,fudk csJŒxGifzdk@vdk
awG&Sdw,f? trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;eJ@ vkHðcHa&;aumifpD
wnfEdkifrSm r[kwfwJhtwGuf 2010 a&G;aumufyGJudk w,fvdk@ ,lqvdk@0ifrSmjzpfw,f/ tckvmr,fh ygvDref
udk tzGJ@0if 11 OD;eJ@zGJ@pnf;xm;+yD;/ tJ'DtxJu tenf;
NLD u oydwfarSmufzdk@ qkH;jzwfvdkufa=umif;/ aemuf oufwrf; 5 ESpftwGif; vkyfcsifoavmufvkyfEdkifrSm r
qkH; 6 OD;[m wyfrawmfom;t&m&SdawGjzpf=uw,f?
wcg a&G;aumufyGJ Oya'awGrSm azmfjyxm;wJhtwdkif; [kwfayr,fh tem*wftwGufyg ar#mfrSef;jyifqifoGm;zdk@
jynfaxmifpkudk wdkif;a'o}uD; 7 ck/ jynfe,f
rJqEN&Sif vlxktaeeJ@ rdrdqENtwdkif;rJray;bJ aeydkifcGifh &nf&G,fw,fvdk@ oluqdkygw,f?
7 ck e J @ zG J @ pnf ; xm;w,f ? trsKd ; om;v$ w f a wmf r S m
d ,fv@kd NLD uok;H oyfa=umif; 'kw,
&Sw d OuUÏ OD;wifO;D a':csKdcsKdausmf+idrf;eJ@ a':ae&nfAaqGwdk@[m
jynfe,fudk,fpm;vS,fu 84 a,muf/ wdkif;udk,fpm;
u ajymygw,f? oydwfarSmufw,fqdkayr,fh tpdk;&udk 1990 jynfha&G;aumufyGJwkef;uvJ ygwDawGaxmif+yD;
vS,fu 84 a,muf/ wyfrawmfom; udk,fpm;vS,fu
xdywf u kd &f ifqikd w
f mr[kwb f J atmufajcygw0D ifxk em; 0ifòydifcJh=uygao;w,f? tJ'Dwkef;uawmh olwdk@ta&G;
56 a,mufyg0ifr,f? wdkif;&if;om;v$wfawmf udk,f
vnfatmif ygw&D ŒJ rl0g'udk &Si;f &Si;f csjy& wmjzpfw,fv@kd rcHcJh=u&ygbl;? zcifawGu EdkifiHcspfpdwf&Sdzdk@/ wdkif;jynf
pm;vS,w f 0ufr#yif&zd@k rvG,u f yl g? jynfe,ftpd;k &awG
qdkygw,f? aumif;atmifvkyfzdk@t+rJqkH;rcJhw,fvdk@ olwdk@wawGu
udk orwucef@xm;zGJ@pnf;rSm jzpfygw,f? trsKd;om;
aetdrftus,fcsKyfuscHae&wJh ygwDacgif; cH,lem; vnfxm;=uw,fvdk@ orD;wpfOD;jzpfwJhtouf
v$wfawmfeJ@ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk Oya'ðy cGifhtm%m
aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfuvnf; vlxrk mS rJray; bJ 60 ausmfwGif;a&mufaewJh a':csKdcsKdausmf+idrf;u ajymyg
wef;wlay;xm;ygw,f?
aeEdik cf iG &hf w
dS ,fqw kd hJ owif;pum;udk xkwaf jymxm; +yD; w,f? olwdk@&JŒzcifawGeJ@ vkyfazmfudkifzuf AdkvfcsKyf
tajccHOya' jyifqifcGifh
jzpfygw,f? NLD taejzifh vlxkESifhvufwGJI a&SŒ atmifqef;&JŒorD;jzpfol a':atmifqef;pk=unf tus,f
tajccHOya'udk v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
quf+yD; b,fvdkvkyfaqmifoGm; rnfqdkwmudkawmh t csKyfcscHae&wmudkvnf; pdwfraumif;jzpfrd+yD;/ r=umcif
pkpkaygif;&JΠ75 &mE_ef;eJ@ txufuoabmwlrS jyifqif
ao;pdwf rajymEdkifao;bl;vdk@ OD;wifOD;u ajymygw,f? rSmjyefvnfvGwfajrmufvm+yD; wdkif;jynfaumif;atmif
cGifh&EdkifrSm jzpfygw,f? wyfrawmfom; 25 &mE_ef;uo
NLD taeeJ@ ygwr Dw
S yf rHk wifcohJ vdk a&G;aumufyv JG nf; vkyaf y;oGm;r,fv@kd ,k=H unfwt hJ a=umif;vJ oluajymyg
abmrwl&if tajccHOya'udk jyifqifvdk@r&Edkifyg? wyfr
r0ifbl;vdk@ rlvuwnf;u qkH;jzwfxm;+yD;jzpfygw,f? w,f?
awmfom; 25 &mE_e;f udk umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf wa,muf
wnf;u a&G;cs,fcef@xm;+yD;/ róuduf&if tcsdefra&G; aemufq;kH & owif;awGukd www.bbc.co.uk/burmese rSm
jyefvnfac:,lcGifh&SdwJhtwGuf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf
oabmrwl &if tajccHOya'udk jyifqifvdk@r&Edkifyg? 0ifa&muf zwf½EI ikd yf gw,f?
B B C [Jvdk owif;vTm pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ tvkyftudkif 11

xdik ;f a&muftvkyo f rm;awG Edik if u


H ;l vufrw
S f
e,fpyfyw
d v
f Ykd pD;yGm;a&; xdcu
kd f
rvkyrf ae&jzpfvmrnf

jrefrmbufjcrf;rS ydwfxm;aom jr0wD-rJaqmufcspf=unfa&;wHwm;


jr0wD-rJaqmuf xdkif;/ xdik ;f uae jrefrmEdik if u H kd wify@kd ae
jref r me,f p yf uk e f o G , f a &;vrf ; wmawGu bdvyfajr/ oHacsmif;/ oH,ufr/ oH
a=umif;&JŒ jrefrmzuftjcrf;udk/ +yD;cJh jym;/ aºuGjym;/ aºuGa&tdrfpwJh tdrfaqmuf
wJh Zlvdkifv 18 &ufae@up+yD;awmh/ ypPn;f awG/ yvyfpwpfaph/ aumfaph/ txnf
jrefrmuydwx f m;cJyh gw,f? vdwf/ ig;zrf;ydkuf/ EdkifvGefcsnf/ yvyfpwpf
ESpfEdkifiHe,fpyfrsOf;tjzpf óu;d wd@k vkd vkyif ef;ok;H uke=f urf; awGjzpfygw,f? xdik ;f Edik if rH mS tvkyv f yk af ewJh jrefrm/ avmeJ@uarBm'D;,m;Edik if o H m; tvkyo f
tokH;ðywJh/ aomif&if;jrpf&JŒ xdkif; pm;aomufuek af wGuawmh/ tcsKŒd r_e@f / tcsKd rm;awGudk EdkifiHom;pDppfay;ae&mrSm jrefrmEdkifiHom; 120000 ausmf/ avmEdkifiHom;
zuftjcrf; jrpf urf;yg;udk ròydatmif/ &nfrsKd;pkH/ rkef@rsKd;pkH/ tazsmf ,rumrsKd;pkH 60000 eD;yg;eJ@ uarBm'D;,m;EdkifiHom; 70000 ausmfudk ,m,DEdkifiHul;vufrSwfawG
xdkif;zufu oHuluGefu&pfeJ@ðy vkyf tjyif/ arG;jrLa&;=uuf/ arG;jrLa&;ig;/ [if; oufqikd &f mEdik if aH wGu xkwaf y;cJ+h yD;jzpfygw,f? jrefrmtvkyo f rm;awGtwGuf 2012
aeawmh jrefrmzuftjcrf; aomif oD;/ [if;&GufrsKd;pkHeJ@ opfoD;0vHawGjzpfyg ckEpS f azaz:0g&v D uket f xd Edik if oH m;pDppfra_ wGukd qufvufvyk af qmifay;zd@k ESpEf ikd if t H
&if;jrpfukd a&wdu k pf m;oGm;Edik v
f @kd jr0 w,f? xdik ;f udw k ify@kd whJ jrefrmukeyf pPn;f awGu pd;k &awGu oabmwlxm;ygw,f? ,m,DEikd if u H ;l vufrw S f udik af qmifxm;wJh tvkyo f
wDu jrefrme,fjcm;aumfrwD uw awmh/ u|/J EGm;/ od;k / qdw/f jrif;/ a&xGuyf pPn;f rm; awG[m xdik ;f Edik if rH mS 2 ESpf aexdik cf iG hf ADZm&&drS mS jzpf+yD; oufwrf;uke&f if aemufxyf
qifh/ xdkif;zufudk uef@uGufpm 9 yifv,fig;/ ykZeG /f *%ef;/ qef/ ðiyf/ =uufoeG /f 2 ESpf aexdik cf iG hf ADZmxyfr&H &drS mS jzpfwt hJ wGuf tm;vH;k aygi;f 4 ESpaf exdik cf iG Ahf ZD m&rSm
}udryf @kd cahJ yrJ/h xdik ;f zufu &yfqikd ;f jcif; tmvl;/ yJrsK;d pkaH wGrsm; ygw,f? jzpfygw,f? EdkifiHul;vufrSwf &+yD;aemuf&ufaygif; 30 twGif; xdkif;tvkyform; pk
r&Sw d t
hJ wGuf jrefrm zufuwk@H jyefwhJ ukefypPnf;awG tjyeftvSef wif aqmif;a&;XmerSm tvkyfvkyfcGifh vufrSwf&,l+yD;rSmjzpfygw,f?
taeeJ@ ydwfvdkufwmjzpfygw,f? t ydk@r_awG &yfqdkif;vkeD;yg; jzpfaeawmh/ ukef ,m,DEikd if u H ;l vufrw S ef @J w&m;0iftvkyv f yk cf iG hf &xm;olawG[m xdik ;f wEdik f
ckvdkjrefrmzufu/ ukefoG,fa&;vrf; pnfydk@aqmifa&; vkyfief;awGvnf; xdcdkuf iHv;kH oGm;vmcGi&hf ovdk vkyt f m;ceJ@ tvkyo f rm;tcGit hf a&;udv k nf; xdik ;f tvkyo f rm;
a=umif;udk ydwfvdkufawmh/ e,fpyf &ovdk/ tJ'Dvkyfief;awGudk rSDcdkae&wJh/ xdkif; eJ@ wef;wltcGit hf a&;awG &&drS mS jzpfygw,f? jrefrmtvkyo f rm;awGupkd wif+yD; Edik if o H m;
ukefoG,fa&;rSm xdkif;EdkifiHu jrefrm zufeJ@jrefrmzufu/ ukefwifukefcs jrefrm pwifpDppfcsdefrSm rSwfyHkwifr&dSol tcuftcJ&dSEdkifw,f/ jynfwGif;u rdom;pk0ifawGudk
xufydk+yD; epfemwmawG@&ygw,f? tvkyform;awGvnf; xdcdkuf&ygw,f? t tm%mydkifawGu aiGn‡pfwmawG&dSEdkifw,fvdk@ pdk;&drfw}uD;eJ@ ajymqdkoHawG&dScJhayr,fh
xdkif;uaejrefrmEdkifiHudk vm;wl ukeyf pPn;f awGukd tjyeftvSeo f ,f ESpEf ikd if tH pd;k &u 'Dvjkd y\emawGr&db S ;l vd@k tmrcHay;ajym =um;wJt h wGuf aemufyikd ;f rSm
vpOfxdkif;ukefypPnf; bwfaiGoef; ydk@ay;wJh/ vlrsKd;pk+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@awG&JΠul; jrefrmtvkyo f rm;awG Edik if o H m;pDppfra_ wGukd ydrk v kd yk vf mwmukad wG@&ygw,f? 'gayr,fh
waomif;ausmf zd;k wify@kd +yD;awmh/ jref wdk@qdyfawGvnf;/ tvkyf vufrJhb0udk vnf ; uk e f u sp&d w f r sm;wJ h t ay: tvk y f o rm;awG t wG u f
rmEd k i f i H u aexd k i f ; zuf u d k j yef + yD ; a&mufomG ;&ygw,f? tcuftcJawG&aSd ewma=umifh xifoavmufc&D;rayguw f hJ tydik ;f vnf; awG@&ygw,f?
wifoiG ;f vmwmu wvudk bwfaiG xdkif;ukefonfawG&JŒawmif;qdk Edik if o H m;pDppfa&;twGuf av#mufvm$ trsm;tjym;vkyf ay;&wmudk vkyif ef;
oef; 5 &mzdk;avmufyJ&Sdygw,f? 'D csuft& e,fpyfukefoG,f a&;vrf;a=umif; &Siaf wGu rvkycf siw f ma=umifh 0efaqmifrv _ yk af y;wJu h rk % ` D 10 ckavmuf ay:ayguv f mcJh
avmufuek f oG,af &;wefz;kd jrifrh m;& jyefyGifhzdk@twGuf xdkif;ukefoG,fa&;0ef}uD; ygw,f? EdkifiHom;pDppfa&;twGuf tvkyform;wpfOD;twGuf 0efaqmifr_ukr`%Du
avmufatmif/ rJaqmuf-jr0wD Xme/ 'kw, d 0ef}uD;ud, k wf ikd f jrefrmwm0ef&dS av#mufvm$ wifwhJ pm&Gupf mwrf;vdu k v f yk cf / e,fpyfomG ;wJu h m;c/ wnf;cdck ef;ceJ@ pm;p
e,fpyfukefoG,fa&;vrf;a=umif;udk olawGeJ@ aqG;aEG;cJhayrJh bmrSxl;jcm;r_ r&SdcJh &dwftygt0if tenf;qHk;bwfaiG 5000 ,lygw,f? jrefrmbufjcrf;rSm ,m,DEdkifiHul;
ukefonfawG tokH;rsm;&wmu w ygb;l ? 'ga=umifh JBC vd@k ac:wJ0h ef}uD;tqifh vufrw S cf usyf 3000/ xdik ;f bufjcrf;t0ifAZD ma=u;u bwf 500/ tvkyv f yk cf iG vhf uf
ESpyf wfv;Hk befaumufuae &efuek f ESpEf ikd if H e,fpyfta&; yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G af &; rSwfa=u;u bwfaiG 1900/ tcrJhaq;ukocGifhtmrcHa=u;u bwfaiG 1900 tm;vHk;
udkESpf&ufxJeJ@ ukefypPnf; awGudk aumfrwDuaevnf; xdkif;zufu quf+yD; aygif;vdkuf&if bwfaiG 9300 avmufukefuswJhtwGuf tvkyform;awGtwGuf
ta&mufwifydk@Edkifvdk@yJ jzpfygw,f? óud;pm;aeygw,f? 0efxkwf0efydk;jzpf+yD; wcsKdŒEdkifiHom;pDppfa&;udk odyfrvkyfcsif=ubl;?

bDbDpDodkU ay;pmrsm; “vuf&dS xkid ;f Edik if eH @J w±kwEf ikd if w


rsm;eJ@ pDru
H @kd &ŒJ jrefrmjynfrmS aqmufvyk =f urJah &umwm}uD;
H ed ;f rsm;udk obm0ywf0ef;usi&f ŒJ wae@wcsed u f s&if jzpfay:vmEkid w f q hJ ;dk usK;d
“bDbpD u D tazrsm;ae@tpDtpOfvyk o f mG ;wm odyaf umif;ygw,f? em;axmif+yDawmh oufa&mufrr_ sm;udv k nf; OayuQmrðy=uyge@J ? vuf&dS xkid ;f jrefrme,fpyfrmS touf&dS
usaemfpw d x f rJ mS 0rf;enf;oGm;w,f? usaemhrf mS tazhtwGub f mrS ay;p&mr&Sv d @kd yg? oI ar#mv f ifch surf ukeaf o;wJh 'kuo Q nftaygi;f wd@k &ŒJ cg;oD;wJt h ðyH; rsuEf mS uav;
'gayr,fh tpDtpOf+yD;oGm;awmh wjcm;vlawG olwkd@tazawGtwGuf bmawGvkyf rsm;eJ@ a=uuGw J &hJ ,farmoHawGqu D vkd nf; OD;vSnyhf gO;D vd@k aus;wrmuwqifh urBm
ay;=uw,fqdkwmod&+yD; pdwfcsrf;om;cJh&ygw,f?” wv$m; qDodk@ajymay;ygvm; wrma&$aus;av;a& æ”
ukdxl; (awmif}uD;) ¡apmapwem (acwW r,fv'kuQonfpcef;)¢
------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------- “r*Fvmygbb D pD D tckv+kd refrmowif; Alert udk bDbpD v D kd ,H=k unfpwd cf s&wJh owif;
“ppfbv D ;l }uD;aomif;use;f aecsed rf mS zdEydS cf sKyfcs,rf a_ wG=um; rGe;f =uyfveG ;f vd@k widk ;f wyg; Xmeuae jrefrmpmjzifzh wfv@kd &ojzifh aus;Zl;txl;wif&ydS gw,f/ u|eaf wmfu bDbpD D
rSm tvkyv f yk af tmufusc&H wJh puFmyla&muf jrefrmjynfom;av;wa,muf bDbpD D udk t+rJtm;ay;aewJhy&dwfowfwOD;yg/”
em;axmifwkdif;/ tzGihfwD;vHk;av;=um;&wkdif; &ifxJtvGrf;awG jynhfoGm;wmyJAsm/
To FuFu
qDuakd &csK;d aq;±k;d rD;v_pH yg;awmifvykd q
kH w h mvm;Asm?”
dk m &Sijf yKwek ;f u a&$x;D aqmif;cJw 'DvkdbDbDpDukd pma&;om;qufoG,fMuzkdY zdwfac:yg&ap c:yg&ap?
(udkwifrkd;/ [oFmw/ acwW puFmyl?) burmese@bbc.co.uk tD;ar;vfudk a&;om;ay;ydkYMuyg/
B B C [Jvdk owif;vTm 12

'DEpS f y&D;rD;,m;vd*r
f mS b,foal wG ajcpGr;f jyrvJ
uefvef@umzGihfyGJae@u cs,fqD;eJ@ref,lyGJt+yD; refcsufudk 'DESpfrSa&muf
vmol ruUqu D u
kd [mADa,; [meef'uf (Zf) udk refcsuyf &dwo f wf awGwifru
abmvH;k tuJcwfawGuyg 'DEpS yf &D;rD;,m;vd*f abmvH;k &moD&ŒJ apmif=h unh&f
r,fh upm;orm;tjzpf xifa=u;ay;xm;ygw,f? oGufw,f/ *kd;oGif;aocsm
w,f/ aemuf ,lEkdufwufa&SŒwef;u bmbmawmh (Af) eJ@ twGJnDwJhtwGuf
,lEkdufwufa&SŒwef;rSm t&ifESpfawGxuf a&G;p&mawG ydk&SdvmrSmu aocsmyg
w,f? [meef'uf (Zf) tjyif &ifu h surf &_ vmr,fv@kd ar#mv f if&h wJh vli,fajcwuf
upm;orm;awG ,lEu kd w f ufrmS tawmfrsm;rsm; &Sad ewJt h wGuf abmvH;k &moD
tukerf mS taumif;qH;k abm vH;k orm;qkukd ol&eJ w D a,mufa,muf&r,fqdk
tHhtm;oihfp&m aumif;r,frxifygbl;?
wcg&moDóud ajcprf;yGaJ wGrmS ajcpGr;f jyaeol aemufwa,muf
uawmh tmqife,ftoif;udk 'DESpfa&mufvmwJh rm±l,efcsrm;yg?
armf±kdudku a&SŒwef;wdkufppfrSL;jzpfwJh oleJ@tmqife,fa&SŒwef;vl
a&mbifAefyg pDw@kd twGrJ +d yD; tmqife,f&ŒJ a&pD;ovkv d vS yS yeJ@
wkud pf pfqifupm; wwfwhJ upm;uGux f rJ mS ususeetH0if&if
tmqife,f[mvnf; t&ifEpS af wGvykd J *k;d jywfawGe@J Ekid Ef ikd yf g
w,f?
refcsupf wm,lEu kd wf ufukd 'DEpS pf ed af c:r,fh t
oif;awGxrJ mS cs,q f ;D / tmqife,ftjyif ol&ŒJ wòrdŒxJ
uòydifbuf refpD;wD;yg? pD;wD;[m rESpfuvkdyJ'DESpfxJrSm
ydkufqHtawmf av;oHk;xm;+yD; upm;orm;opfawG t
awmfrsm;rsm; ac:xm;ygw,f? urBmhzvm;rSm ajcpGrf;jycJhwJh
*smr%Du bdw k ef;/ urBmch seyf ,D pH ydet
f oif;&JΠawmifypH um;orm;
a';Apfq;D vAm;wd@k [m y&D;rD;,m;vd*u f kd topfa&mufvmolawGjzpf+yD; apmihf
=unhf&r,fh upm;orm;awGyg?

Google Adsense eJY0ifaiG&Smr,f rdkbD*sDEdkeJY rGeftqdkawmf


&Sd&r,f/ google adsense taumifh emrnf}uD; rGefvl i,ftqdk
wpf ck zGifh&r,f? Google u udk,fhb awmf usarmcsef;[m rGefbmomeJ@t
avmh*f/ udk,fh0ufbfqdkufudk ppfaq; wGJ 5 acG/ wud, k af wmf 2 acG xGux f m;
+yD;&if udk,fa&;xm;wmawGeJ@ oifh +yD;om; tqkdawmfwa,mufyg?
awmfwJh a=umfjimawGudkay;yg vdrfh ol[m rGefjynfe,fxJrSm
r,f? omrubJ rGefvlrsKd; a&GŒajymif;vkyf
tJ'Da=umfjimawGudk udk,fh om;awG & S d w J h xk d i f ; Ed k i f i H r S m vnf ;
bavmh*f/ udk,fh0ufbfqdkufrSm wif y&dwo f wftckid f trm&So d l wa,muf
xm;+yD; udk,fhbavmh*fudk vmol yg?
wdkif;u tJ'Da=umfjimawGudk pdwf0if touf 10 ESpo f m;uwnf;
pm;vd@k uvpfEydS of mG ;oavmuf ud, k f u oDcsi;f awGpqkcd +hJ yD;/ a&mhc*f w D udk ±l;
wpfvudk jrefrmaiG usyfodef; u 0ifaiGawG&aerSm jzpfygw,f? oGyfolvdk@vnf;ajymygw,f? av;jzL/
*%ef ; avmuf uG e f y sLwma&S Œ xd k i f + yD ; udk,fh0ufbfqdkufudk zef tiJe@J rsK;d }uD; wk@d uókd udu+f yD; wD;0kid ;f xJ
xdik &f m rx&SmEdik w
f hJ enf;vrf;udk rodcsif wD;xm;wm aumif;oavmuf/ vl rSmawmh Iron Cross &JŒwD;uGuaf wGukd
bl;vm;/ 'Dvdkyg? awGvm=u zwf=uoavmuf/ a=umf oabmusw,fvkd@ qkdygw,f?
udk,fydkifbavmh*fwck 'grSr jimawGrmS uvpfawGEydS af eoavmuf tcktcsed t f xdawmh ol@ocD si;f awG[m tcspt f a=umif; awGyrJ sm;+yD;/ wcgw
[kwf 0ufbq f ukd w f ckaxmifyg? vltrsm; aiGawG0ifaeawmhrSm jzpfygw,f? av rdbarwWmudkvJ zGJ@oDygw,fvdk@ usarmcsrf; uajymygw,f?
odcsi=f uwJh pdw0f ifpm;r,ft h a=umif;t tGev
f ikd ;f uae aiG&mS Edik w
f hJ usarmcsr;f [m rGeb f momwifr[kwb f J jrefrmbmomeJ@yg oDcsi;f acGxu G zf @kd
&mawGudk t*FvdyfbmomeJ@ a&;Edkif&if ta=umif; ydkoabmayguf em;vnf vnf; jyifqifaeygw,f? tJ't D wGuf rGeyf &dwo f wfawGu em;vnfay;=uapcsiyf gw,f
aumif;ygw,f/ jrefrmvdka&;vnf;&yg csifw,f qdk&ifawmh bDbDpDrSm udkcsKd vdk@ usarmcsrf;uajymygw,f?
w,f? wifqufxm; wJh 'Dvifhcfav; http:// jrefrmbmomeJ@ aygh/ a&mhcfoDcsif;awGqdkwJh rGefvlrsKd;awGxJrSm uG,fvGefol
w w w. b b c . c o . u k / b u r m e s e /
wcg udk,fhbavmh*frSm 0uf p r o g r a m m e s / 2 0 1 0 / 0 7 / rGeE f,
G bf mG ; xl;tdro f ifuvG&J if vsr;f vsr;f awmufatmifjrifwo hJ l odyrf awG@&ao;ygb;l ?
qdkufrSmae&mwpfck ay;vdk@wifxm;r,fh 100709_onlinemakingmoney.shtml 'ga yr,f h tck rGe fv li ,f a wG u awmh xkd;azmufz dk@ óud;pm;ae=uyg w,f?
a=umjimawGudkawmh Google uae ,l udEk S d y f + yD ; em;qif = unf h v d k @ tawG ; (usarmcsr;f eJ@ tifwmAsL;tygt0if acwfvil ,fawG&ŒJ tdyrf ufawGukd bDbpD D
&ygr,f? 'Dvdk ,lEdkifzdk@twGuf gmail yGm;um óud;pm;=unfh=uygcifAsm? &JŒ Mobi-Geno tpDtpOfrSm em;qifEkdif=uygw,f?)

You might also like