North West District Council
Environmental Health DepartmentandOkavango Delta Management Plan, Project SecretariatODMP Waste Management ComponentManagement of liquid and solid waste in the Okavango DeltaRamsar Site, BotswanaTender No: NWDC/EH/04/04
WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
August 2006
Submitted by
aqualogic (Pty) Ltd
Plot 182 Unit 1 GICP GaboronePhone/Fax: 3180216 / 3180218Email:
info@aqualogic.co.bw
DOCUMENT CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION
Okavango Delta Ramsar Site Solid and Liquid Waste ManagementStrategy Consultancy
Title
WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
Date
25-08-2006
Status
FINAL
Author
Aqualogic (Pty) Ltd
Distribution
North West District Council; ODMP Secretariat
Okavango Delta Ramsar Site Solid and Liquid Waste Strategy Project
NWDC/EH/04/04
STRATEGY REPORT
Aqualogic (Pty) LtdPlot 182 Unit 1, GICP; PO Box 403975, GaboronePhone/Fax: 31 80 216 / 31 80 218Email:info@aqualogic.co.bw
i
Table of Contents
1
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................1
1.1 P
ROJECT
S
COPE AND
O
BJECTIVES
.......................................................................................................11.2 M
ETHODOLOGY
...................................................................................................................................1
1.2.1
Solid waste quantity and composition..........................................................................................3
1.2.2
Liquid waste quantity and effluent quality....................................................................................3
1.2.3
Existing waste management systems and practices...................................................................3
1.2.4
Environmental impact of existing waste management practices.................................................4
1.2.5
Institutional and logistical capacity of waste management structures.........................................5
1.2.6
Identification of best waste management options........................................................................6
2
WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK...........................................7
2.1 W
ASTE
M
ANAGEMENT
P
OLICY
..............................................................................................................7
2.1.1
Botswana’s Strategy for Waste Management of 1998 ................................................................7
2.1.2
Botswana Policy for Wastewater and Sanitation Management of 2001......................................7
2.2 L
EGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK
....................................................................................................................7
3
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA........................................................................................9
3.1 P
HYSICAL
B
OUNDARIES OF THE
O
KAVANGO
D
ELTA
R
AMSAR
S
ITE
..........................................................93.2 T
OPOGRAPHY
,
C
LIMATE
,
G
EOLOGY
,
H
YDROGEOLOGY AND
V
ULNERABILITY OF
W
ATER
...........................9
3.2.1
Topography..................................................................................................................................9
3.2.2
Climate.........................................................................................................................................9
3.2.3
Geology........................................................................................................................................9
3.2.4
Hydrogeology...............................................................................................................................9
3.2.5
Vulnerability of surface and groundwater ..................................................................................10
3.3 S
ETTLEMENT AND
P
OPULATION
P
ATTERNS
.........................................................................................113.4 E
CONOMY AND
T
OURISM
....................................................................................................................12
4
REVIEW OF EXISTING WASTE MANAGEMENT SITUATION......................................................14
4.1 S
OLID
W
ASTE
....................................................................................................................................14
4.1.1
Household Solid Waste Quantity and Composition...................................................................14
4.1.2
Solid Waste from Commerce, Institutions and Tourism Operations..........................................16
4.1.3
Total waste generation rate .......................................................................................................16
4.1.4
Primary and Secondary Storage................................................................................................16
4.1.5
Collection ...................................................................................................................................19
4.1.6
Waste collection equipment performance..................................................................................20
4.1.7
Reuse and Recycling.................................................................................................................24
4.1.8
Disposal .....................................................................................................................................24
4.1.9
Littering ......................................................................................................................................27
4.1.10
Solid waste collection user fees.................................................................................................28
4.1.11
Clinical Waste............................................................................................................................28
4.1.12
Emerging Issues ........................................................................................................................29
4.2 L
IQUID
W
ASTE
...................................................................................................................................29
4.2.1
Wastewater generation rates.....................................................................................................29
4.2.2
On-site wastewater collection and treatment systems ..............................................................29
4.2.3
Disposal of wastewater from on-site systems............................................................................31
4.2.4
On-site wastewater collection user fees....................................................................................31
4.2.5
Off-site wastewater collection and treatment systems ..............................................................32
4.2.6
Effluent quality ...........................................................................................................................32
4.2.7
Used oil generation, collection and disposal..............................................................................33
4.2.8
Emerging issues ........................................................................................................................34
4.3 E
NVIRONMENTAL
I
MPACTS OF
E
XISTING
W
ASTE
M
ANAGEMENT
P
RACTICES
..........................................34
4.3.1
Physical and chemical components...........................................................................................36
4.3.2
Biological and ecological components.......................................................................................37
4.3.3
Social and cultural components.................................................................................................37
4.3.4
Economic and operational components.....................................................................................37
4.3.5
Emerging Issues ........................................................................................................................37
4.4 I
NSTITUTIONAL AND
L
OGISTICAL
C
APACITY FOR
W
ASTE
M
ANAGEMENT
.................................................38
4.4.1
Environmental Health Department.............................................................................................38
4.4.2
Water and Wastewater Department ..........................................................................................43
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ODMP Waste management Strategy Final 25-08-2006
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