The Green Roof

Initiative at Hawken
School:
An Overview

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Benefit to the Hawken Community and
Surrounding Area ………………………………………………………
3

II. What Is A Green Roof?

……………………………………………...4

III. What Are LiveRoofs®?

……………………………………………...4

IV. Research-Based Advantages of Green Roofs

……………………...6

V. Proposed Project.........................………………………….…… ……
7
Based on Arkra, Inc. with the use of Liveroof® Systems

VI. Fundraising …………………………………………………………

11

VII. Q&A……….…………...…………..………………………………11

VIII. Erin Huber and LeeAnn Westfall…………………..

………….13

IX. Green Roof Maintenance …………………………………………

14

X. Resources ……………………………………………………………
22

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XI Rooftop Gardening.........................................................................
..22

XII Teachers’ Comments

……………………………………………...25

XIII Hawken Environmental Testing …………………………...……

27

I. Benefit to the Hawken Community and Surrounding Area

Green roof technology is not only an investment in our buildings but a long-term
investment in the students at Hawken School. Rather than diverging from Hawken’s founding
principles, the green roof project proposed aims to reinforce our school’s basic beliefs by
committing to a common goal: forward-focused education to prepare students for future real
world experiences. How does it prepare students? Mainly through two ways: one, exposing
students to real-world technology and two, giving students the opportunity to interact with
modern technology through class-based and extra-curricular experiences. Through these means,
green roof technology can provide students and faculty with lasting benefits.
A Green Roof Can Expand Classroom Education Opportunities:
• Biology, chemistry, and field ecology classes might measure the effects of plant species
in controlling water runoff, filtration of toxins, and heat absorption.
• Broaden students’ awareness and involvement in global issues, including climate change
and water quality
• Reconnect students to nature by:
– Providing new opportunities for school involvement combined with community
service through rooftop gardening (modules can be purchased without vegetation,
allowing students to grow edible crops. This means Hawken could become the

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 first school to grow food on the roof, allowing us to expand current programs
including the Hawken Circle W Garden and food donations).
– Utilizing Hawken’s campus to create outdoor classrooms

Accomplishments of Establishing a Green Roof:

• Set a new standard for environmental excellence in the community
• Protect the health of our local watershed1
• Expose Students to Research Opportunities2
• Encourage student interaction with their environment and diminish nature-deficit disorder
• Return building space back into green space
• Increase roof lifespan by 200-300%3
• Offset Hawken’s negative environmental impact (from diesel school buses, pollution
caused by heating and electricity production, wastewater run-off, etc.) by absorbing
carbon dioxide and producing oxygen4

II. What is a Green Roof?

• “In the simplest terms, a green roof is plants on top of a roof” according to
Chicago’s Department of Environment. We also know green roofs as living roofs.5
• Despite the simplicity of this structure, Chicago also claims “Green roofs improve
air quality, conserve energy, reduce stormwater runoff and help reduce the urban heat island
effect. The garden's plants reflect heat, provide shade and help cool the surrounding air
through evapotranspiration, which occurs when plants secrete or "transpire" water through
pores in their leaves. The water draws heat as it evaporates, cooling the air in the process.
Plants also filter the air, which improves air quality by using excess carbon dioxide to
produce oxygen.”6
• In advocating green roofs, Chicago’s government notes “Canada and the United
States are at least ten years behind Europe in investing in green roof infrastructure.”7

III. What Are LiveRoofs®?

Basic Description of their Design8:

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• Liveroofs are constructed on a modular system approximately 1ft by 2ft
• 3 designs we might consider; they differ in soil depth. While the standard model is 4
inches in soil height, the “lite” model is 2 ½ inches and the “deep” model is 6 inches
deep.
• Soil is specifically engineered for rooftop conditions.
• Irrigation is not necessary except in cases of extreme heat; irrigation systems specific to
liveroof modules can be bought with a liveroof system.

Why LiveRoof®?
• Modules come fully vegetated
• Based on an inexpensive, easily maintained extensive roof structure (see below)
• Plants (sedums)] are drought- and cold weather-resistant

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 • Reliability: module-structure is guaranteed for 20 years
• Easily removable if repairs are needed; installation can be done by Hawken students
• Low maintenance (: which includes weeding, and annual trimming)
• Locally established and grown in Sandusky, Ohio
An Extensive Green Roof An Intensive Green Roof
Prices for this type of roof costs between $8-20 Costs vary between $15-25 and requiring
depending on the manufacturer and application additional maintenance to maintain these
(roof angle). Of course, these prices are raised heavier, water-intensive structures.
when green roofs become accessible to the Intensive roof structures are typically greater
public (involving the construction of walkways than 6 inches depth and allow for a greater
and/or benches). variety of plant structures, including
Extensive roofs are typically between 2 and 6 perennials, shrubs, and trees.
inches in depth and may support a variety of
sedums and prairie flowers, typically drought
resistant and lower maintenance.

IV. Research-Based Advantages of Living Roofs

Although living roofs have been in existence for hundreds of years, their scientific
application on buildings began only 40 years ago. Living roofs are most known for their
common application in urban areas as a strategy to promote green space, improve aesthetics, and
prevent nature-deficit disorder. However, recent has shown additional scientific-based
advantages of live roof technology. This research concludes that living roofs, in addition to
providing green space, play a significant role in storm water retention and filtration, minimize
the urban heat island effect, add financial benefits in the long run, and reduce the causes of
global warming - ultimately benefiting our local environment, water, and wallet.9
By improving thermal insulation, green roofs help a building stay cooler during the
summer and warmer during the winter. They also minimize the Urban Heat Island Effect - a
phenomenon that occurs in urban or building-intensive environments when significant levels of
heat are absorbed and radiated by dark roofs or blacktops. Temperatures near these buildings
exceed ambient air temperature of the natural environment. Although, traditional rooftop
temperatures may be between 50-90°F greater than the surrounding air temperatures, living roofs
may substantially decrease this extreme difference.10 During the summer of 2004, research on
Geauga Park’s green roof revealed a control roof (non-green roof) to have temperature ranges

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75˚F apart within a 48hour period, while a similarly-constructed green roof maintained
temperatures within a 30˚ F range.11
In addition to added insulation, green roofs significantly reduce stormwater runoff and
consequently reduce stress on our local environment. Stormwater runoff, a nonpoint source
pollution, is a result of excess precipitation that does not permeate the service. Instead, this
water travels along impermeable surfaces (such as roofs, blacktops, etc.) carrying various types
of pollution (chemical fertilizers, etc.) throughout the environment, causing unintended harm to
local flora and fauna. To counteract this, green roofs are capable of retaining stormwater runoff,
preventing the spread of water pollution.12
A green roof is capable of absorbing 50-90% of stormwater runoff depending on its
depth, age, and plants utilized. Based on these figures, a 1000 sq.ft. green roof is capable of
preventing 300-720 gallons of water per inch of rain water. According to weather.com,
Chesterland, Ohio receives 47 inches of precipitation on average every year; a green roof of the
same dimension would divert 13,200- 31,680 gallons of water each year from being discharged
into our local watersheds.13 To prove these estimates, research conducted at Geauga Park’s green
roof demonstrated its capacity to retain over 65% of rain water, or 1428 gallons during the
course of one year (2003-2004). 14
Filtration of air and water pollution results in a dramatic advantage to green roof
technology. 1 sq. meter can remove 0.2kg of airborn particles from the air, according the City of
Chicago’s Department of Environment.15 In addition, green roofs improve water quality of its
surrounding environment. This typically includes the removal of nitrogen and production of
phosphorous, a key element to improved soil and water quality. By removing carbon dioxide in
our air and producing oxygen, green roofs reduce the effects of global warming. Plants and soil
may also provide a habitat for birds, insects, and small mammals.

V. Proposed Project:
Project Summary:
Ball-Park Project Cost, Side Wing of AC Lobby: $81,970
Includes:
• Installation, start to finish
• Construction of a 400sq.ft. patio
• Construction of railing, 5’
• Installation of LiveRoof® modules

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 However, this price can be lowered through 2 factors. By changing the roof’s location to
the roof adjacent to the library, which is similar in size and construction, there would no longer
be the need for a vertical lift platform (enabling disability access). To do this, the school would
need a structural engineer to verify the roof’s ability to hold a green roof. However, the roof’s
constructions suggests that a green roof is capable of being placed on this roof. Secondly,
Hawken students can be trained to install Liveroof® modules (a simple process), eliminating the
need for the payment of professional workers to do so.

Project Details:
March 19, 2010
Hawken Upper School
P.O. Box 8002
County Line Road
Gates Mills, Ohio 44040-8002

Attention: Mr. Tony Wanner

Gentlemen:

We propose to supply the necessary labor, materials, equipment, insurances and etc. to perform
the following work for the above subject job as herein stated and as viewed thru inspection.

General Specification: Installation of Live Roof, Railings, Steps and Vertical Platform Lift Art
and Communications Wing Roof Area # 10 (Approximately 1,500 sq.ft.)

1. Remove and dispose of all dirt, debris and loose gravel present on existing roof
surface. Inspect entire roof and repair all minor faults and flaws to roofing felts
and flashing as required. At areas of bare felts install tar base primer and a heavy
mop coat of hot pitch into which is embedded roofing gravel. At vertical wall
flashings reseal joints with fabric embedded in roofing mastic and coat flashing
with fibrated aluminum roof coating. Caulk all open seams in metal counter-
flashing.

2. Over this prepared roof surface will be installed 1” thick extruded polystyrene
loose laid in place with seams of insulation board staggered.

3. Over the new roof insulation install approximately 1,100 sq.ft. live roof modules
1’ x 2’ x 4.5” high. Modules to be filled with a mixture of sedum and fully
vegetated at the time of installation.

Note: At the south end of the roof the building adjoins a second floor
approximately 12’ high with a 4’ overhang, this portion of the roof is
in the shade for a period of time during the day. There will be a shade
mixture of sedum installed in this area. However, the shade mixture
of sedum still needs a minimum of 3 hours of sunlight to survive. At
this time we do not know the number of hours of sunlight in this area.

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 A study should be performed, by others, to determine if there is a
minimum of 3 hours. Also watering and maintenance of plants to be
performed by others.

4. At center of roof install 2’ x 2’ x 2” thick concrete pavers for patio area

approximately 16’ x 18’ with 4’ wide walkway to southwest step and east vertical
platform lift approximately 400 sq.ft..

5. At outside perimeter of roof, around patio and walkway install Perma-Lock

aluminum edging to hold live roof in place. At roof drains install Perma-Lock
edging 4’ around drains with gravel ballast in center around drains.

6. At existing southwest lower patio remove existing east railing. Install 4’ wide
steps constructed out of outdoor treated lumber and railing to upper roof level.
At openings between horizontal tubing on existing north railing on patio roof
install 3/16” stainless steel aircraft cable 4” on center.

7. At east and west side of roof fabricate railings consisting of round anodized
aluminum posts and base plates attached to concrete curbing on outside edge of
building 5’ on center. Fabricate round top rails and toe rails mechanically
fastened to posts. Install horizontal railing infill 4” on center using 3/16”
stainless steel aircraft cable. At vertical platform lift outside edge of building
install outdoor treated lumber on concrete curbing level to new roof pavers.

For the preceding outlined installation of live roof, railings, steps and vertical platform lift Arts
and Communications Wing Roof Area # 10 we estimate the cost to be:

Installation of Live Roof Garden

$32,460.00

Installation of Railings and Steps

$20,730.00

Total Amount of Live Roof Project

$51, 190.00

Note: Once project is awarded, to grow the sedum to fully vegetative and deliver to job
site takes approximately 90 days.
Example:
Start April Deliver for July
Start May Deliver for August
Start June Deliver for September
Start July Deliver for October
Start August Deliver next April, May or June

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 Also to fabricate the vertical platform lift when project is awarded takes
approximately 2 months.

We hope the preceding information meets your needs, if anything additional is required please
contact us.

We thank you for all your past valued business and hope you will favor us with an order to
perform the above stated work.

Respectfully submitted,
ARKRA, INC.

Mark E. McNamara
President

MEM/dm

VI. Fundraising
A proposed plan for fundraising a green roof would proceed as follows:
1. Community involvement and commitment is most important. Initial fundraising would
come from community-oriented events, such as sustainability fair.
• For instance, an event may include a Hawken after-school or weekend festival, with an
emphasis on sustainability. This can be organized in two parts: First, Hawken would
invite students and their families to hear from students and teachers at Hawken Upper
School talk about sustainable practices. This might include a presentation by Mrs.
Clark and Mr. Newman on organic gardening, in addition to presentation(s) by
Hawken’s AP Environmental Science classes. In addition, we would invite local
venders who sell organic products and/or food, as well as other venders who specialize
in marketing a sustainably-sound product. A portion of their profits would be set aside
to fund a green roof.
2. Additional support would come from Hawken alumni through advocating the benefits of
a green roof to the Hawken community as a whole. A newsletter send through email
would address Hawken alumni of Hawken’s desire to create a green roof and funding
goals for achieving the construction of a green roof. Additionally, a set amount of
financial support may earn an individual or his/her family special recognition by

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 writing their name on an art piece attached to one of the walls adjacent to the green
roof, or on pavers used as a walk-way. However, there are many other ways to
recognize a donor.

VII. Q & A
Why not other “green” projects?
Hawken can still build wind turbines, solar panels, and many other projects which I would fully
support. However, these projects do have their drawbacks. While wind turbines and solar panels
would provide Hawken with a sufficient amount of energy, educational opportunities beyond the
construction of these products are limited. Additionally, wind turbines have been considered
controversial due to their unknown effects to local bird and bat populations.
Are there any alternatives to Green Roof technology?
Yes, in fact cool roofs have been show to significantly reduce the effects the urban heat island
effect. A cool roof is considered a roof with a high rate of solar reflectance. While a traditional
tile roof uses dark material, absorbing 90% of the sun’s radiation, reflective roofs can
significantly reduce these levels. In addition, the use of rain barrels or rain pillows may control
water runoff by collecting stormwater that may be used later to water vegetation surrounding a
building.16
Are there any state or federal financial incentives for green roofs?
Unfortunately, there are no current federal or state funds specifically for green roof projects.
However, there are limited funds within environmental programs and educational development.
Are there any future research projects planned for a possible green roof at
Hawken?
Yes; during the summer of 2010, I plan to research along with Mr. A and other students to record
surface temperature, ambient air temperature, rainfall, and sunlight levels of roofs in response to
varying climatic conditions.
What other companies sell green roof technology to the greater Northeast
Ohio Area?

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GreenGrid Modular Green Roof System (Middleburgh Heights), Ecogrid Green Roof Grid
(Vancouver, CA), Green Roof Blocks (Florissant, IL), GreenTech Roof Garden System
(Roswell, GA), MODI Roof Garden (Toronto, CA)

VIII. Two women bring $250,000 rooftop garden to life

atop CSU's Recreation Center
By Doug Kramer

August 06, 2009, 12:01AM

John Kuntz/The Plain DealerLeeAnn Westfall, right, and

partner Erin Huber, both CSU environmental science
majors, share a celebratory hug as their two years of
work ends with installation of the rooftop garden on
CSU's Recreation Center.
CLEVELAND — At sunrise on Wednesday, Erin Huber
and LeeAnn Westfall stood on the roof of Cleveland
State University's Recreation Center and cried.

Happiness and relief will do that. So will a couple of

sleepless nights nearing the end of two years of work.

About 20 volunteers joined them by 8 a.m., and a

crane started hoisting the first of 15,000 plants to the
roof of the Rec Center, the final step in installing a
7,000-square-foot rooftop garden, or "green roof."

"We actually screamed," Westfall said. "It feels really

good to see two years of work come alive."

Designated as a gift to CSU from their respective classes of 2009 and 2010, the rooftop
garden -- an environmentally friendly, $250,000 project -- wouldn't have happened without
Huber, 27, and Westfall, 25.

John Kuntz/The Plain

DealerVolunteer
Rebecca Thrasher, a
student at Cleveland
State University,
sweeps the dirt off the
absorbent cover on the
roof of the university's
recreation center as
other volunteers place

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the plants in their flats between stone walkways as work began on the Rooftop Garden this
week.
Councilman Joe Cimperman dubbed the duo "rooftop warriors." Students joke that they're a
unit named Lerin. Admirers speak of them as superwomen.

They think of themselves as CSU students and lifelong Clevelanders.

"Cleveland is an amazing city, and it can do some amazing things," Huber said. "If we start
taking more pride in it, better things can happen."

"We're extremely proud of the fact that we went to CSU, and that they're supporting us as
much as they are," Westfall said.

Both women are environmental science majors. They met in a class where they learned that
the 3-year-old Chester Avenue Rec Center was certified for energy efficiency and supposed
to get a roof garden, but lost it for budget reasons.

"We decided to take it on," Westfall said. "That's not a good reason not to have a green
roof. It's not a luxury."

A green roof, sometimes called a live roof, will extend the building's roof life 30 to 40 years
by protecting it from weathering, they said. It will lower heating and cooling costs, reduce
stormwater runoff and improve air quality.

The Rec Center's garden, on the third floor next to the indoor track, will also generate
revenue because it can be rented for events, and a new door makes it wheelchair-accessible
from the indoor campus "interlink" system.

Chicago has about 200 green roofs. Cleveland might have a half-dozen, Huber said.

"It will attract environmental science majors, engineering majors, urban majors," she said.
"We chose the most self-sustaining roof we could. We wanted to make sure it lived on after
we left CSU."

Guided by Dr. Julie Wolin, an associate professor in environmental science, the two started
knocking on doors.

Putting in their own time and money, the two women had as many as five meetings a week
with CSU administrators, faculty, alumni and students, and with city officials and local
groups. They founded a student environmental organization, hosted fund-raisers and finally
got the green roof designated as an official school project, with background posted at
csuohio.edu/rooftop. Foundations were expected to provide half the $250,000 cost, and
CSU promised to match tax-deductible contributions for the rest.

Passion proved infectious. A dozen companies attended bid meetings that normally might
draw two or three. Unilock donated permeable paving bricks worth as much as $50,000 for
walkways. Installation of the pavers and irrigation and drainage systems started in June.

Installation of the plants -- 10 wildflower species from Corso's Perennials in Sandusky --

came in 60-pound flats, lifted to the roof on wooden pallets. The flats are moved by hand
into place on top of absorbent, protective covering. That work should be finished today.

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"We hope it ignites the spark in other people to do the same type of project," Huber said.
"We have to go in this direction, to build green roofs, to build sustainable. We really want
this to initiate something in Cleveland."

IX. Green Roof Maintenance

Liveroof® systems require little maintenance. To properly maintain a green roof, Liveroof®
recommends an annual inspection of soil pH, soil fertility, structure, and if desired
trimming/mowing plants. Liveroof® also recommends that weeding is done by hand twice a
month during spring, summer, and fall in addition to checking water drains every other week in
order to maintain optimum conditions for plants. Watering is not necessary unless the plants
experience a prolonged period of dry, hot weather. After four weeks of dry, hot weather, it is
recommended to water Liveroof® plants.

Official Liveroof® Maintenance Guide:

LIVEROOF, LLC

WARRANTIES
System Warranty
The LiveRoof module is warranted against material defects and photo degradation for twenty
(20) years from the date of installation, provided the system is surrounded and obscured by
appropriate edging, ballast, pavers, or parapet.

For Suitability/Particular Applications, Limitation of Remedies and Liabiltiy, and

Grades and Standards, refer to LiveRoof, LLC catalog or website.
Plant Warranty
For Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin for product furnished
by LiveRoof, LLC of Spring Lake, MI

LiveRoof LLC, green roof plants are selected for proven performance in environmental
extremes, in the Midwest. They are, however, living organisms, and different from static
nonliving elements of the roof and building. Accordingly, LiveRoof, LLC warrants its
prevegetated green roof plantings for one (1) year from installation, provided:

a. That system was installed properly, plants were not subject to foot traffic
or other physical, environmental, or chemical damage during installation.

b. The system was installed prior to:

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 • October 1 Illinois – Mid and Northern
• October 7 Illinois – Mid to South
• October 7 Indiana – Northern
• October15 Indiana – Southern
• October 7 Michigan – East Side
• October 15 Michigan – West Side
• October 1 Wisconsin

a. The system has been maintained and maintenance documented in accord

with LiveRoof, LLC prescribed “Maintenance Protocol,” as outlined in Exhibit A.
Failure to maintain and document maintenance in accord with the Maintenance Protocol
results in the nullification of this warranty.

b. The LiveRoof modules were installed within 4 hours of delivery by

LiveRoof truck, and were never transferred to any facility, structure, transport device or
vehicle, building, holding yard, or any other location prior to installation on the rooftop.

This warranty also excludes certain “Uncontrollable Acts,” as outlined in Exhibit B.

During warranty period, LiveRoof LLC, will provide to building owner, additional plants in
the form of 38 cell plugs (2 ¼” wide), up to 2 per square foot of the area where the plants
have not persisted, due to any reason besides those defined Uncontrollable Acts, provided
documented care in accord with the Maintenance Protocol.

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 EXHIBIT A

LIVEROOF MAINTENANCE PROTOCOL

I. DOCUMENTATION

All green roof maintenance events and acts of plant care must be recorded to indicate staff
member, date, activity, and time. This information must be mailed to LiveRoof, LLC for
documentation each quarter (send to LiveRoof, LLC, Warranty Documentation, PO Box 533,
Spring Lake, MI 49456), see Schedule A.

Name of Person Date Activity Observations

* if fertilizer, type and amount
applied per 1000 sf
* DO NOT apply fertilizer after
June in temperate regions
* if soil test, what lab
* if irrigation, duration and
volume
* DO NOT irrigate within 4
weeks of first fall frost, nor
during winter
Time needed to pull weeds and
clean drains.

II. ANNUAL MAINTENANCE

A. SOIL TESTING AND FERTILIZATION

During April 1 to 15 of each year, an annual soil test is to be conducted and the pH and
fertility levels evaluated. The pH, is to be maintained in the range of 6.5 to 8.0. Given that
the LiveRoof soil media is formulated to be buffered against acid rain, changes in pH should
be small and gradual, and amendments seldom required. In the event that the pH is outside of
the 6.5 to 8.0 range, LiveRoof LLC should be consulted for the appropriate amendment.

LiveRoof soil is formulated to have the ideal and sustainable organic content for the plants
selected. LiveRoof soil, ideally, will fall into the normal range of fertility, using a typical
field soil fertility test as provided by A & L Labs.
A & L Labs
1311 Woodland Ave., Suite 1
Modesto, CA 95351
(209) 529-4080, al-labs-west.com

In the event that the fertility falls below this level, LiveRoof specifies a single springtime
application of Nutricote 14 14 14, Type 180 (180 day release period), at 20 pounds per 1000
square feet (or similar slow release fertilizer product). In all cases, the Nutricote (or other
product) labeled directions for application rate should be followed and should take priority
over any recommendations listed here. Read the product label and follow labeled directions.
Nutricote is unique in that it releases nutrition gradually, and minimizes the effects of

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LIVEROOF, LLC WARRANTIES EXHIBIT A: MAINTENANCE PROTOCOL
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 fertilizer runoff. Runoff potential, however, does exist and in all cases should be evaluated by
the applicator in accord with the site specifics. And, the greater the runoff sensitivity, the
lower the application rate. All applications of fertilizer are the sole responsibility of the
applicator.

AVOID LATE SEASON FERTILIZATION

As indicated above, fertilization should be applied during April, May, or at the latest early
June, following fertility analysis. Avoid summer or fall fertilization as this may cause
formation of tender growth prior to winter weather, and may compromise the cold hardiness
of the plantings.

III. IRRIGATION

A. INITIAL WATERING
Immediately after installation, installer must irrigate the LiveRoof modules thoroughly so as
to moisten the soil from top to bottom of the containers and to settle the soil appropriately in
its new location.

B. SUCCESSIVE WATERING
While in northern North America, successive watering may not be needed to keep your
LiveRoof alive, protracted hot dry weather can result in plant thinning or death. In warmer
climates, depending upon rainfall and exposure, regular irrigation will probably be required.
Accordingly, LiveRoof recommends irrigation (in a manner practical and efficient for the
scale of the installation) as a "temporary" management tool under the following conditions:

PROLONGED HOT DRY WEATHER, in the northern temperate zone (Seattle,

Minneapolis, Toronto, Boston), is generally defined as periods of 75 degree weather, with
less than 1 inch of rainfall, that persists for four weeks or longer. This "ballpark" time period
will likely be less if the temperatures are hotter, the climate warmer, on sloping rooftops, or
roofs exposed to strong winds. Such conditions can dry out the green roof substrate and cause
the plants to go dormant or in extreme cases to dry up and die. Dormant plants tend to shrink
to a smaller size and expose soil, which can predispose the system to weed encroachment.

When hot dry weather persists for greater than 4 weeks, irrigation is to be applied,
temporarily, to re-wet the soil to the point of runoff. This will keep plants from going
dormant, cover the soil effectively, optimize plant appearance, and keep the evaporative
cooling effect of the green roof working.

For the LiveRoof Lite system, this period is shortened to 2 or 3 weeks in the northern part of
the temperate zone. This also is a "ballpark" figure and will be less if the temperatures are
hotter, the climate warmer, the roof sloping, or if exposed to strong winds.

Note: There are no absolutes when it comes to irrigation. Check the plants for wilting, not
midday but in the morning. If the plants show signs of wilting in the morning, then its time to
irrigate.

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LIVEROOF, LLC WARRANTIES EXHIBIT A: MAINTENANCE PROTOCOL
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 Thoroughly irrigating, even once per month, can pay off significantly. The cost of irrigation
is minimal, compared to the energy savings of evaporative cooling and the overall quality of
the green roof.

Do Not Water Period For the northern temperate zone, LiveRoof, LLC recommends that
you do not water during the fall season, and not within one month of the expected average
first frost date. Normally, there is plenty of precipitation this time of year, and adding
additional water may compromise the durability of the plants to endure winter’s cold.
Similarly, watering during winter is not recommended.

REFLECTED LIGHT
In areas of reflected light, such as next to south facing walls, more frequent irrigation should
be applied to keep the soil from becoming excessively dry.

SLOPING ROOFTOPS
Flat roofs typically require a pitch of 1/4" per 12 feet in order to shed water to the drains.
This amount of slope is common on green roofs and it the reference point for "normal
performance" expectations. Keep in mind that the greater the pitch of the roof, the less able
the soil will be to retain water, and the greater the potential need for additional irrigation. Get
to know your roofs water requirements by checking it frequently and realize that the greater
the slope, the more you will need to add supplemental irrigation.

DEICING MATERIALS
Salt and other deicing materials can be very injurous to plant materials, particularly succulent
plants that are typical in LiveRoof applications. Such materials should not be applied to
LiveRoofs.

IV. INSPECTIONS AND PLANT CARE PROTOCOL

Conduct the following EVERY 2 WEEKS (2X per month)

During the entire Spring through Fall growing season.

A. WEED CONTROL
Weed control, by hand weeding, is to be conducted during the twice-monthly inspection and
plant care protocol. The process is simple. Just pull any and all weeds no matter how small,
and never allow any weed to flower, set seed, and complete its life cycle. The by-product of
this regimen is that each inspection/weeding event requires minimal time, as weeds are
headed off proactively. This regimen should be conducted from spring through fall in areas
where the roof becomes frozen and snow covered in winter. In warmer climates, it should be
continued year round.

The inspector/weeder may adjust this interval in accord with seasonal variations in weed
growth, but at no time should the interval exceed two weeks or be long enough to allow for
any weed to flower and set seed.

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LIVEROOF, LLC WARRANTIES EXHIBIT A: MAINTENANCE PROTOCOL
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 It is especially important that no woody plant ever be allowed to establish in a green roof
system. Woody plants have extensive root systems that can damage roofing membranes.

Herbicides, whether preemergent or post emergent, are not recommended. Herbicides are not
healthy for the environment and can contaminate runoff water. The need for preemergent
herbicides is a sign of weeding too infrequently.

B. DISPLACED SOIL
Nesting birds can potentially displace soil. Any displaced soil should immediately be
replaced.

C. DRAINAGE INSPECTION
Roof drains should be inspected every two weeks and any debris, pebbles, leaves, etc.,
should be removed to keep drains flowing freely.

D. DEBRIS/TRASH REMOVAL
With each visit, any debris or trash should immediately be removed. Similarly, and especially
during fall and spring, LiveRoof plantings should be raked clean of any matted tree leaves
which could smother the green roof plants.

E. PEST SCOUTING AND PESTICIDES

The roof should be scouted every 2 weeks for insect and disease pest organisms. The
observation of pests should be followed with appropriate control measures to protect plants
and prevent further damage. Inorganic Pesticide use is discouraged on LiveRoof systems and
should always be considered secondary to cultural, biological, and organic control measures.
Pesticides can get into runoff water and cause environmental damage. Pesticide use should
only be conducted on "as needed" basis, and then only by qualified and licensed applicators.
All applications of pesticides are the sole responsibility of the applicator.

F. MOWING
LiveRoof recommends, but for the purpose of this warranty does not require, that once each
year, around April 1st., that the green roof be mowed at a height of 2 inches or less, to break
up any dried seed heads and chaff. The clippings should be allowed to stay on the roof, not
be bagged or removed. This regimen has a rejuvenating effect on the plant material, and
keeps it looking optimally neat and clean. Foregoing annual mowing may be elected by the
owner. BE SAFE, USE YOUR PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

CAUTION: If you choose to mow, only mow during early spring, and set height of mower
high enough that it mows the dry flower heads, not the foliage.

19
LIVEROOF, LLC WARRANTIES EXHIBIT A: MAINTENANCE PROTOCOL
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 EXHIBIT B

UNCONTROLLABLE AND NATURAL ACTS

The following are considered natural acts or acts beyond the control of LiveRoof, LLC and
are thus excluded from warranty coverage.

a. lightning or fire
b. hail (note: extremely large hail might disfigure plantings, but most plants
have below ground buds, and would be expected to rebound quickly)
c. tornados, hurricanes, high velocity straight line winds
d. chemical, including deicing materials, inappropriate fertilizer, late season
fertilizer applications (within 2 months of first frost), fertilizer burn, or
mechanical damage or neglectful or accidental acts acts; includes excessive
foot traffic (trampling or walking on the same plant more than 2 times per
week).
e. poor irrigation water quality
f. structural failure or damage of any type
g. physically moved modules (as in the case if modules were removed or
moved for rooftop maintenance).
h. divots or plant displacement resulting from removal of large weeds
(avoided easily by pulling weeds when they are small)
i. insect or disease infestations
j. animal or bird damage
k. plugged drains
l. matted tree leaves that smother plantings
m. reflected light, generally from south facing walls
n. exposure to exhaust/air currents, hot or cold, from mechanical systems
o. natural selection, whereby one plant that is more aggressive than another
ends up dominating or the less aggressive plant or plants
p. earthquakes, erosion, or other acts of God than those listed above
q. damage or deterioration of any kind due to faulty or improper installation
r. damage inflicted due to service or modification of the rooftop or
underlying membranes mechanical features
s. vandalism
t. failure to provide and document prescribed maintenance
u. water that pools or stands, from insufficient slope, too few drains, plugged
drains, uneven deck, or other cause
v. any other causes beyond the control of LiveRoof, LLC

20
LIVEROOF, LLC WARRANTIES EXHIBIT B: UNCONTROLLABLE ACTS
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 SCHEDULE A

LIVEROOF MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY DOCUMENTATION

Calendar Year 20 ___

 1st Quarter, submit by April 15 Mail to:
LiveRoof, LLC
 2nd Quarter, submit by July 15 Warranty Documentation
 3rd Quarter, submit by October 15 P.O. Box 533
Spring Lake, MI 49456
 4th Quarter, submit by January 15

Project Name:
Project Street Address:
Project City, State, Zip:

Warranty / Maintenance Contact Person:

Phone number:
Email address:

Name of Person Date Activity Observations

* if fertilizer, type and amount
applied per 1000 sf
* DO NOT apply fertilizer after
June in temperate regions
* if soil test, what lab

* if irrigation, duration and

volume
* DO NOT irrigate within 4
weeks of first fall frost, nor
during winter
Time needed to pull weeds and
clean drains.
 X. Resources
Research on Green Roof Benefits:
http://www.edcmag.com/Articles/Feature_Article/d568f635d8697010VgnVCM100000f9
32a8c0____
http://www.green-siue.com/researchresults.html
http://www.wildflower.org/greenroof/
http://www.thelivinghome.ca/index.php?
option=com_content&task=view&id=115&Itemid=160
Green Roofs are Available Locally: http://www.gcbl.org/forum/where-can-i-get-a-green-
roof
Great Research Info and Company Info:
http://www.greengridroofs.com/system/oxygenproduction.htm
Tax Incentives & Greants:
http://www.greenroofs.com/Greenroofs101/industry_support.htm#NorthAmericanGrants.
http://www.odod.state.oh.us/cdd/oee/GrantsLoans.htm &
Basic Info on Green Roofs/Q&A: http://www.greenroofs.com/resources.htm
Video on Urban Heat Island Effect: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hW7Mb8dVI8s

XI. Rooftop Gardening

How Permaculture Integrates Into Hawken’s Green Roof
Rooftop gardens offer a unique perspective on sustainable agriculture. They bring
sustainable practices into all types of environments, and encourage an ecological
connection between students and their environment.

Permaculture has the potential to tie in neatly with a green roof/ rooftop garden
project at Hawken. Permaculture comes from the words "permanent agriculture",
synonymous with sustainable agriculture. The basic principles behind permaculture are
the utilization of surrounding land for effective crop production and the development of
sustainable, ecologically beneficial practices in land development.
 Although we would certainly consider our local environment, which provides a
wealth of resources in terms of food production and sustainable maintenance, it's also
worth noting our need to make use of the land we have developed as building structures.
The addition of a green roof garden would not only promote effective utilization of
existing building structures through ecologically sound practices, but would also promote
the sustainable development of land as a benefit for humans and our natural environment
alike. Furthermore, it inspires students to think outside-the-box.
I think that in many ways, a green roof is just as effective as ecologically sound
land development, although it does not negate the effects of industrialized agriculture or
poor land development. They replace impervious surfaces with water recharge areas,
prevent nonpoint source pollution, provide insulation (and therefore energy efficiency)
for building structures, and promote the interaction of people and their environment.

According to ATTRA (the National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service),

permaculture guidelines follow the below principles:
Relative location
• Each element performs multiple functions
• Each function is supported by many elements
• Energy efficient planning
• Using biological resources
• Energy cycling
• Small-scale intensive systems
• Natural plant succession and stacking
• Polyculture and diversity of species
• Increasing "edge" within a system
• Observe and replicate natural patterns
• Pay attention to scale
• Attitude

…Green roofs can also achieve these multi-faceted tasks, as I’ll mention later in this
presentation.
 How a Rooftop Garden is Developed
1. According to liveroofs.org, natural herbs can grow in just 150mm (6inches) of
soil.
2. Raised beds can increase soil depth as needed
3. Planting plots can provide suitable structures for other various fruit-bearing crops

The Benefits
• Set a model for urban agriculture
• Promote natural, organic, and sustainable practices of agricultural development
• Blend ecology with human environments
• Utilize land efficiently
• Protect local watersheds/ recycle water (water can be captured from other existing
roof structures).
 XII. Teachers’ Comments
Teacher: Penelope Orr
Subject:: Biology, Chemistry, Field Ecology
Opinions/Thoughts: Over the last decade and several administrations, Hawken has
done some of the things it felt it needed to do in order to be competitive and to save
money, such as adding and enlarging parking lots, adding 3 gas wells, building a pool
addition, and putting turf on soccer and football fields. These have helped the school be
more successful and sustainable in an increasingly difficult economy. They have not been
entirely good for the wildlife with whom we share this campus, however. So many
alterations to the thin skin, mainly surface area, that is the soil surface which harbors all
the grasses, worms, grubs, etc. which comprise the bottom of the food chain can’t be all
good.
So, green roofs are a bit of an offset, a bit of a remediation of that loss of icritical
soil surface. A green roof will attract insects and perhaps soil creatures as well.
Furthermore, it will moderate temperatures inside the school, reducing the need for AC in
summer and heat in winter.
Teacher: Russ Maurer
Subject: Chemistry - all levels
Opinions/Thoughts: A green roof provides many opportunities for chemistry students to
perform chemical analysis on the water runoff and soil moisture and nutrient
composition. Together with knowledge of the total scale of the plantings and
measurements of the rainfall, it should be possible for students to apply scaling principles
to determine the overall flow of water and nutrients through this system. This
information can help students understand how the rooftop ecosystem is managed to
maintain an appropriate growth environment for the plantings.
 Temperature Report and Analysis of Heat Island Effect
present at Hawken – June
Purpose: To provide evidence to the hypothesis that Hawken Upper School has a
recognizable heat island effect.

Data:
Temperature Collection Site: Temper
ature
Highs
and
Lows, F Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
75ft behind school, partial shade, near sidewalk 113.9, 65.4 103, 63.5 101, 64.5 100.5, 60.7 106.3, 62.6 104.4, 58.8 115.8, 56.9
6inches, raised, on traditional roof 114, 65.7 95.7, 61.9 100.5, 62.8 93.8, 56 114, 65.7 110.2, 58 108.2, 54.1
Woods, approximately .25 miles from school 81.4, 65 91.4, 64.2 74, 64.2 70.5, 60.5 87.6, 65 89.4, 61.4 89.4, 59.6
in plants (on roof) 112.5, 67 87, 64 89, 64.4 81, 58.6 131.2, 65.7 102, 61 104.8, 64.6
300ft from roof, front field 95.9, 67.5 91.5, 65.8 87, 65.8 87.8, 62.9 103.2, 63.4 100.3, 60.5 99.9, 57.8
150ft from roof, front field 106.8, 62.7 94.7, 61.9 96.5, 61 93, 56 106.8, 60.2 104, 55.7 104, 53.2
75ft from roof, adjacent to walkway 106, 64 95, 63.1 90.5, 64 80.4, 59.6 110.4, 61.4 110.4, 57.8 110.4, 54.1
Temperature Records (for above results) 83, 63 86, 70 88, 72 79, 66 87, 58 88, 71 81, 67
Temperature Records f(or results below) 85, 71 71,59 67, 54 71, 56 75,52 88, 61 92, 67
Parking lot, in grass island 96, 59 91, 49 95,48 95, 46 105, 52 107, 56 110, 67
In woods 78, 61 74, 52 75, 52 70, 52 72, 55 75, 58 76, 65
On roof, in light, 5 in from ground 91, 56 93, 44 91, 44 98, 44 110, 49 117, 56 115, 66
On roof, in light, in 1x2ft plant box 80, 60 86, 49 89, 48 94, 48 108, 52 115, 59 117, 69
Daily Weather Records taken from http://www.weather.com/weather/monthly/USOH0181.

Summary of Results: While neither location produced results exactly identical to

online weather records, the adjacent deciduous forests maintained temperatures closest to
those recorded by local weather services. This was perhaps due to the lack of
interference from outside sources, namely the sun, which can generate quite a bit of heat
when focused on an object. Nonetheless, it comes to little surprise that the woods kept
temperature fluctuations to a minimum (maximum difference observed was 28 degrees
F).
However, results did not show noticeable differences between rooftop
temperatures and temperatures within single plant containers (2 sq. ft, placed on roof).
Perhaps these results could be explained by the lack of total plant area and coverage of
the roof; clearly, the majority surface (in this case tar and gravel roof) controls the
temperature effect of its immediate surroundings, including smaller surfaces.
Results additionally demonstrated an open field’s tendency to reach higher
temperatures than the surrounding deciduous forests. This can be attributed to the lack of
tree coverage and overall plant homogeny of open grass fields.
 Of course, conditions anywhere on the roof displayed the hottest temperatures of
all by mid-afternoon, while the immediate area surrounding the roof structure displayed a
gradual decrease in temperature as distance increased from the roof. While any distance
within 200ft from the roof (closer than 100ft from the tar driveway) displayed
appreciable signs of elevated temperature, by 300ft temperatures stabilized. Therefore, it
is a safe assumption that the tar and gravel roofs at Hawken’s Upper School campus
create a heat island effect with a net increase in maximum temperature of around 15
degrees Fahrenheit.
Comparing Graph Shape:
While the open fields and impermeable surfaces created noticeable fluctuations in
temperatures, the forest held constant temperatures for the longest period of time,
especially during the nighttime where temperatures barely changed. While gravel roofs
maintained the highest temperature records within the set period, nighttime temperatures
were surprisingly consistent despite unstable surface material.

pH Tests:
Rain Water Sedum Plant-filtered Water
Test 1 5.5 6.5
Test 2 5 6
Conclusion from pH Tests
Results from pH tests revealed the ability of plants to neutralize slight acidic
rainfall, which tends to have a pH of 5 in the United States. While results did not uphold
the plants’ ability to completely neutralize water, they did nonetheless provide support
for green roof advocates’ claims.
1
K. Sholz-Barth,, “Green Roofs: Stormwater Management from the Top Down,” Environmental Design and Construction,
January/ February 2001, pp. 63-69.
2
“Center for Green Roof Research,” Penn State, [Online Database], available from
http://web.me.com/rdberghage/Centerforgreenroof/Research.html; accessed 2 August 2010.
3
Roofscapes, Inc., Green Technology For the Urban Environment., (http://www.roofmeadow.com/), C. miller
4
Emily Sohn, “Green roofs offset global warming, study finds,” Future of Energy, 6 November 2009 [Online Article],
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/33198790/; accessed 2 August 2010.
5
“Green Roof Basics,” City of Chicago.org, [Online Article],
http://egov.cityofchicago.org/city/webportal/portalContentItemAction.do?
topChannelName=HomePage&contentOID=536912065&Failed_Reason=Invalid+timestamp,
+engine+has+been+restarted&contenTypeName=COC_EDITORIAL&com.broadvision.session.new=Yes&Failed_Page=
%2fwebportal%2fportalContentItemAction.do; accessed 2 August 2010.
6
See above resource.
7
See above resource.
8
“System Specifications,” Liveroof, http://www.liveroof.com/?parent=System_Specifications&page=system_specifications;
accessed 2 August 2010.
9
Sarice Greenstein and Michael Weber, “Growing Your Roof,” Earthday Network, [Online Article],
http://www.earthday.net/backgroundpdf/Green%20Roofs%20Student%20background.pdf; accessed 2 August 2010.
10
“Heat Island Effect,” US EPA, [Online Database], http://www.epa.gov/heatisland/index.htm; accessed 2 August 2010.
11
“What’s growing on that Roof?” Geuga Park District, http://www.geaugaparkdistrict.org/documents/greenroof.pdf;
accessed 2 August 2010.
12
Greenstein and Weber.
13
“Chesterland, OH (44026) Weather,” Weather Forecast and Predictions, [Online Database]; accessed 2 August 2010.
14
“What’s growing on that Roof?”
15
Michael Berkshire, “Extensive Green Roofs,” City of Chicago, [Online Resource],
http://egov.cityofchicago.org/webportal/COCWebPortal/COC_ATTACH/Green_Roof_Fact_Sheet.pdf; accessed 2 August
2010.
16
Greenstein and Weber.