Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tipuri de articole:
Articolul Hotarat - THE
Articolul Nehotarat - A / AN
Articolul zero (forma implicita sau neexprimata)
In realizarea superlativului:
Exemplu: the best year, the youngest girl, the most important, the fastest, the tallest
- Inaintea unor nume proprii (nume de familie, muzee, teatre, ziare, hoteluri, etc):
Exemplu: the Browns, the Johns, the National Theatre, the Marriott Grand Hotel, the New York
Times, the Beatles
- Inaintea substantivelor care indica nume de locuri geografice, munti, fluvii, oceane, mari etc:
Exemplu: the Alps, the Atlantic, the Thames, the Danube, the Red Sea, the Sahara
Articolul nehotarat A / AN
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- Folosim articolul nehotarat A inaintea unui substantiv care incepe cu litera "u" sau grupul de litere
"eu", doar atunci cand acestea se pronunta ca "you"
Exemple: a European, a university, a unit
Articolul zero
- Inaintea substantivelor abstracte, care indica nume de culori, stiinte, arte, materii etc:
Exemplu: beauty, health, dinner, lunch, breakfast, truth, green, gold, silver, mathematics, physics
Exercitii
___ woman
___ unit
___ United States of America
___ Johnsons
___ elephant
___ beauty
___ hour
___ Thames
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3. Completati cu a / an / the acolo unde este cazul:
Daniel is ___ teacher. He likes ___ Physics very much. He teaches at ___ Theoretical Highschool
from ___ Bucharest. ___pupils like him very much. One day, he decided to take ___ children to see
___ laboratory from another highschool. There, they made ___ experiment. All ___ children
considered ___ experiment ___ most interesting they have ever made.
NUMERARUL
Numeralul cardinal
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
twenty-one
twenty-two
twenty-three
twenty-four
.......
thirty-one
thirty-two
thirty-three
thirty-four
....... 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
30
40
50
60
70
80
3
90
100
200
1000
10000
153 one
hundred and
fifty-three
198 one
hundred and
ninety-eight
203 two
hundred and
three
405 four
hundred and
fifty
1,000,000
one million
12,000,000
twelve
millionone
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
thirty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
one hundred
two hundred
one thousand
ten thousand
11
12
13
14
4
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
.......
31
32
33
34
.......
13,632,521 thirteen million six hundred thirty-two thousand five hundred and
twenty-one
Atentie!
- mentionarea conjunctiei and este obligatorie inaintea grupului zecilor si unitatea finala
Exemplu: 2,532 - two thousand five hundred and thirty-two
Numeralul ordinal
5
6th sixth
7th seventh
8th eighth
9th ninth
10th tenth
11th eleventh
12th twelvth
13th thirteenth
14th fourteenth
15th fifteenth
16th sixteenth
17th seventeenth
18th eighteenth
19th nineteenth
20th twentieth
21st twenty-first
22nd twenty-second
23rd twenty-third
....... .......
30th thirtieth
40th fortieth
....... .......
100th hundredth
1,000 thousandth
1,000,000 millionth
Mod de formare:
Exceptii:
one --- first (1st)
two --- second (2nd)
three --- third (3rd)
five si nine, la care se suprima -e final, fifth (5th) si ninth (9th)
zecile la care -y final se transforma in -ie
forty --- fortieth (40th)
Alte numerale
Data: in Marea Britanie se foloseste intotdeauna forma unui numeral ordinal pentru a
indica data.
Exemple:
21st July (the twenty-first of July)
June 4th (the fourth of June)
23 April, 1989 (the twenty-third of April nineteen eighty-nine)
December 29 (the twenty-ninth of December)
Fractii:
1/2 se citeste one half
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3/4 se citeste three quarters
7/8 se citeste seven eights
Ora:
ten to one (unu fara zece)
half past six (sase si jumatate)
twelve and a quarter (douasprezece si un sfert)
a quarter to two (doua fara un sfert)
Exercitii:
PRONUMELE
1. Pronumele personal
a) cu functie de subiect
b) cu functie de complement
I --- eu
You --- tu, dumneata, dumneavoastra
He --- el
She --- ea
It --- el, ea (neutru), pentru nume de obiecte, lucruri, animale
We --- noi
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You --- voi, dumneavoastra
They --- ei, ele, dumnealor
you
- tie, iti, ti, dumitale, dumneavoastra (complement indirect)
- pe tine, te, pe dumneata, pe dumneavoastra (complement direct)
him
- lui, ii, i (complement indirect)
- pe el, il (complement direct)
her
- ei, ii, i (complement indirect)
- pe ea, o (complement direct)
it
- lui, ei, ii, i (complement indirect)
- pe el, il, pe ea, o (complement direct)
us
- noua, ne, ni (complement indirect)
- pe noi, ne (complement direct)
you
- voua, va, vi, dumneavoastra (complement indirect)
- pe voi, va, pe dumneavoastra (complement direct)
them
- lor, le, li (complement indirect)
- pe ei, ii, i (complement direct)
Exemple:
I watch my brother playing tennis.
You gave me a nice gift.
Give them a kiss from me!
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herself --- se, insesi
itself --- se, insusi, insasi (neutru)
ourselves --- ne, insine, insene
yourselves --- va, insiva, inseva
themselves --- se, insisi, insesi
Exemple:
I found myself very smart.
We did ourselves all the exercises.
3. Pronumele demonstrativ
Exemple:
This is my brother.
Those are his parents.
4. Pronumele posesive
Exemple:
My brother is tall, but yours is taller.
His car is old, but hers is older.
I lost my pencil, can you lend me yours?
5. Pronumele nehotarat
Exemple:
I want something from you.
She didn't find anything in the fridge.
There was no one in the room.
6. Pronumele relativ
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whose --- al (a, ai, ale) carui, careia, carora
what --- ce, ceea ce
which --- care, pe care (pt. lucruri, obiecte ...)
that --- care
Exemple:
My brother, who is a doctor, lives in Bucharest.
Tom, whose car was stolen, bought another one last week.
I found a cat that was lost.
I didn't like what I saw.
7. Pronumele interogativ
Exemple:
Whom did you see last Sunday?
Whose shoes are those?
What are you doing?
Which do you like more?
Exercitii:
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VERBUL
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Verbul "TO BE" - a fi
Forma afirmativa:
I am (I'm) - Eu sunt
You are (You're) - Tu esti
He is (He's) - El este
She is (She's) - Ea este
It is (It's) - El/Ea este
We are (We're) - Noi suntem
You are (You're) - Voi sunteti
They are (They're) - Ei/Ele sunt
Forma interogativa:
Am I? - Sunt eu?
Are you? - Esti tu?
Is he? - Este el?
Is she? - Este ea?
Is it? - Este el/ea?
Are we? - Suntem noi?
Are you? - Sunteti voi?
Are they? - Sunt ei/ele?
Forma negativa:
I am not (I'm not) - Eu nu sunt
You are not (You aren't) - Tu nu esti
He is not (He isn't) - El nu este
She is not (She isn't) - Ea nu este
It is not (It isn't) - El/Ea nu este
We are not (We aren't) - Noi nu suntem
You are not (You aren't) - Voi nu sunteti
They are not (They aren't) - Ei/Ele nu sunt
Forma afirmativa:
I have (I've) - Eu am
You have (You've) - Tu ai
He has (He's) - El are
She has (She's) - Ea are
It has (It's) - El/Ea are
We have (We've) - Noi avem
You have (You've) - Voi aveti
They have (They've) - Ei/Ele au
Forma interogativa:
Have I? - Am eu?
Have you? - Ai tu?
Has he? - Are el?
Has she? - Are ea?
Has it? - Are el/ea?
Have we? - Avem noi?
Have you? - Aveti voi?
Have they? - Au ei/ele?
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Forma negativa:
I have not (I haven't) - Eu nu am
You have not (You haven't) - Tu nu ai
He has not (He hasn't) - El nu are
She has not (She hasn't) - Ea nu are
It has not (It hasn't) - El/Ea nu are
We have not (We haven't) - Noi nu avem
You have not (You haven't) - Voi nu aveti
They have not (They haven't) - Ei/Ele nu au
Forma afirmativa:
I do - Eu fac
You do - Tu faci
He does - El face
She does - Ea face
It does - El/Ea face
We do - Noi facem
You do - Voi faceti
They do - Ei/Ele fac
Forma interogativa:
Do I? - Fac eu?
Do you? - Faci tu?
Does he? - Face el?
Does she? - Face ea?
Does it? - Face el/ea?
Do we? - Facem noi?
Do you? - Faceti voi?
Do they? - Fac ei/ele?
Forma negativa:
I do not (I don't) - Eu nu fac
You do not (You don't) - Tu nu faci
He does not (He doesn't) - El nu face
She does not (She doesn't) - Ea nu face
It does not (It doesn't) - El/Ea nu face
We do not (We don't) - Noi nu facem
You do not (You don't) - Voi nu faceti
They do not (They don't) - Ei/Ele nu fac
Exercitii:
b) Forma negativa:
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You _______ in the office.
She _______ in the bathroom.
We _______ in the restaurant.
SUBSTANTIVUL
A. Tipuri de substantive
1. Substantive comune
2. Substantive proprii
Exemple:
- fiinte: man, woman, grandmother, teacher, brother, pupil, doctor, nurse
- obiecte (lucruri): pencil, school, car, hotel, medicine, shop, power, health
Substantivele proprii desemneaza nume de familie si prenume, nume de munti, orase, tari, ape etc.
Exemple:
- nume de familie si prenume: Ewing, Brown, Sawyer, John, Mary, Helen
- nume de munti: Alps, Himalaya, Everest
- nume de orase: Bucharest, Paris, Venice
- nume de tari: France, Italy, Croatia
- nume de ape: Mississippi, Danube, Thames
B. Genul substantivelor
3. Genul neutru (nume de lucruri, obiecte si animale; se inlocuiesc cu pronumele personal it)
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Exemple: cat, dog, pencil, butterfly, car, notebook.
C. Numarul substantivelor
Formarea pluralului:
a) pluralul cu "-s"
Exemple:
a dog ---> two dogs
a school ---> two schools
a car ---> two cars
a book ---> two books
b) pluralul cu "-es" (pentru substantivele care au terminatia in -s, -x, -z, -ch, -sh)
Exemple:
a bus ---> two buses
a fax ---> two faxes
a church ---> two churches
Atentie:
a tomato ---> two tomatoes
a potato ---> two potatoes
dar
radio ---> radios
photo ---> photos
Exemple:
lady ---> ladies
baby ---> babies
fly ---> flies
dar:
day ---> days
boy ---> boys
Reguli:
- pentru substantivele care se termina in y precedat de o consoana, pluralul se va face in -ies
- pentru substantivele care se termina in y precedat de o vocala, pluralul se va face in -s
Exemple:
leaf ---> leaves
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calf ---> calves
shelf ---> shelves
wife ---> wives
wolf ---> wolves
Exceptii:
chief ---> chiefs
proof ---> proofs
belief ---> beliefs
e) pluralele neregulate
Exemple:
child ---> children
man ---> men
woman ---> women
foot ---> feet
goose ---> geese
mouse ---> mice
tooth ---> teeth
Exemple:
deer (cerb)
duck (rata)
sheep (oaie)
trout (pastrav)
fish (peste)
fruit (fructe)
Exemple:
advice (sfat)
baggage (bagaj)
luggage (bagaje)
information (informatii)
furniture (mobila)
people (oameni)
crowd (multime)
police (politie)
Exemple:
the Browns
the Johnsons
the Thompsons
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D. Substantive compuse
Exemple:
classroom
schoolboy
schoolgirl
blackboard
dining-room
breakfast
Exercitii:
table --->
clock --->
leaf --->
gentleman --->
baby --->
tooth --->
friend --->
city --->
life --->
chief --->
dining, bird, school, class, kinder, mate, room, boy, father, black, book, girl, board, living, garden,
note, exercise, parents, grand.
ADJECTIVUL
Exemplu:
a good cake ---> good cakes
A. Tipuri de adjective
• opinion adjectives (adjective de opinie): descriu ceea ce credem despre cineva sau ceva.
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Exemple: beautiful, great, nice, expensive, cheap, ugly etc.
• fact adjectives (adjective de fapt): descriu ceea ce fiintele sau obiectele determinate sunt cu adevarat
B. Adjectivul demonstrativ
Desemneaza fiinte sau lucruri pe care le aratam precizand in acelasi timp apropierea sau departarea in
timp sau spatiu.
Forme:
• singular:
- this (acest, aceasta)
- that (acel, acea)
• plural:
- these (acesti, aceste)
- those (acei, acele)
Exemple:
This man is a doctor.
That girl is a pupil.
These children are small.
Those boys are playing in the scoolyard.
C. Adjectivul posesiv
Forme:
• singular:
- my (meu, mea, mei, mele)
- your (tau, ta, tai, tale)
- his (lui, sau, sa, sai, sale)
- her (ei, sau, sa, sai, sale)
- its (lui, ei, sau, sa, sai, sale)
• plural:
- our (nostru, noastra, nostri, noastre)
- your (vostru, voastra, vostri, voastre)
- their (lor)
Exemple:
This is my house.
It is his car.
That is our shop.
Those are your books.
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D. Comparativul adjectivelor
Exemple:
She is as pretty as her mother.
He is not as tall as his brother.
b) Comparativ de superioritate:
- pentru adjective scurte (monosilabice) se adauga terminatia "-er" la finalul adjectivului respectiv
- pentru adjective lungi, acestea sunt precedate de adverbul "more"
Exemple:
tall ---> taller
(inalt ---> mai inalt)
slim ---> slimmer
(slab ---> mai slab)
fast ---> faster
(rapid ---> mai rapid)
big ---> bigger
(man ---> mai mare)
E. Superlativul adjectivelor
- pentru adjective scurte (monosilabice) se adauga terminatia "-est" la adjectivul precedat de "the"
Exemple:
the tallest (cel mai inalt)
the slimmest (cel mai slab)
the fastest (cel mai rapid)
the biggest (cel mai mare)
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far farther (further) the farthest (the furthest) indepartat
much more the most mult
old older (elder) the oldest (the eldest) batran
Exercitii:
2. Completati spatiile libere de mai jos, cu forma corecta a adjectivelor, la gradul de comparatie
indicat:
Adjectiv
bad
fast
good
cheap
beautiful
thin
fat
Comparativ
worse
faster
better
..................
..................
thinner
..................
Superlativ
..................
..................
..................
the cheapest
the most beautiful
..................
the fattest
cold
nice
beautiful
long
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delicious
traditional
blouse
hair
weather
girl
dance
food
ADVERBUL
A. Adverbe de mod
Mod de formare:
- de obicei, aceste adverbe se formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei -ly la finalul unui adjective.
Exemple:
beautiful ---> beautifully
sad ---> sadly
capable ---> capably
slow ---> slowly
easy ---> easily
B. Adverbe de loc
Exemple:
here, there, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, outside, inside
C. Adverbe de timp
Exemple:
today, yesterday, tomorrow, Saturday, Monday, now, finally, later, soon, just, still
D. Adverbe de durata
Exemple:
forever, shortly, long, permanently
E. Adverbe de comparatie
Exemple:
extremely, greatly, hugely, partially, perfectly, strongly, totally, almost, very, entirely
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F. Adverbe de frecventa
Exemple:
always, constantly, often, rarely, regularly, seldom, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, never
G. Adverbe de probabilitate
Exemple:
certainly, perhaps, maybe, possibly, definitely
Exercitii:
Exemplu:
Sam / have / shower / evening (75%)
Sam usually has shower in the evening.
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g) They were talking loud / loudly so everybody could hear them.
PREPOZIŢIA
A. Prepozitii de miscare
- arata miscarea
Exemple:
to, through, across
Exemplu:
I went to Chicago two years ago.
through - utilizam "through" pentru a sugera deplasarea dintr-o parte in alta a unui spatiu inchis.
Exemplu:
The cars went through the tunnel.
across - utilizam "across" pentru a sugera miscarea dintr-o parte in alta a unei suprafete.
Exemplu:
She flew across the sea.
B. Prepozitii de loc
Exemple:
at, on, in
Exemplu:
Someone is at the door.
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Exemplu:
The dog is on the roof.
in - folosim "in" pentru a arata ca un anumit obiect este imprejmuit sau inchis.
Exemplu:
The parrot is in the cage.
C. Prepozitii de timp
Exemple:
at, on, in
Exemplu:
She left at 7.00 a.m.
Exemple:
She arrived on Monday.
Her birthday is on 23rd of October.
in - pentru o perioada de timp nespecificata, necunoscuta din timpul unui an, zi, luna, anotimp.
Exemple:
It is very cold in Winter.
I left Romania in 1989.
Exercitii:
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2. Traduceti in limba engleza:
PREZENTUL SIMPLU
A. Mod de formare
Afirmativ:
Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv
(la persoana a III-a singular se adauga terminatia „-s" sau „-es")
Exemple:
1. I go to school every day.
2. He reads a book every month.
3. She lives in Bucharest.
Interogativ:
Do / Does (pers.III, sg.) + Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv
Exemple:
1. Do you go to school every day?
2. Does he read a book every month?
3. Does she live in Bucharest?
Negativ:
Subiect + do / does (pers.III, sg.) + not + Verbul la infinitiv
Se folosesc adesea contractiile don't (do + not) si doesn't (does + not)
Exemple:
1. I don't go to school every day.
2. He doesn't read a book every month.
3. She doesn't live in Bucharest.
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B. Reguli pentru adaugarea terminatiei „-s" sau „-es" la afirmativ pentru persoana a III-a
singular
Exemple:
I talk – He talks
I work – He works
I sleep – He sleeps
! Verbelelor care se termina in –ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o li se adauga terminatia „-es"
Exemple:
I kiss – He kisses
I wish – He wishes
I catch – He catches
I mix – He mixes
I go – He goes
! La verbele care se termina in litera y precedata de o consoana, se inlocuieste litera y cu litera i, iar
apoi se adauga terminatia „-es"
Exemple:
I fly – He flies
I study – He studies
I cry – He cries
Exemple:
I pay – He pays
I stay – He stays
I play – He plays
• obiceiuri, hobby-uri
Exemple:
She plays tennis in her free time.
In the summer, they go to the seaside.
• situatii permanente
Exemplu:
He lives in Paris. I work as a manager.
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The bus for Bucharest lives at 12.15 on Monday.
I have Maths Friday at 11.30.
• situatii emotionale
Exemple:
I love my girlfriend very much.
He hates cats.
• adevaruri generale
Exemple:
The earth moves around the sun.
Water boils at 100°C.
every day/ week/ month/ year etc., every morning/ evening/ afternoon/ night, usually, always,
sometimes, often, never, in the morning/evening/night etc.
Exemple:
1. He goes to the gim every day.
2. I play football every week.
3. We go to the dentist every year.
4. She watches TV every evening.
5. She usually studies hard for her exams.
6. I always do my homework.
7. He sometimes goes shopping.
8. I often play pool with my friends.
9. She never go to school by bus.
10. In the evening we play Monopoly.
Exercitii:
1. Puneti propozitiile urmatoare la persoana a III-a singular. Consultati mai intai exemplul:
Exemplu:
They live in Craiova. (He)
He lives in Craiova, too.
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1. He lives in Bucharest.
2. You wear an uniform at school.
3. My father drives very well.
4. Mr. Smith teaches English.
5. You like pizza and hamburgers.
6. My neighbour works as an engineer.
7. Your father repairs the car every month.
8. We drink coffee every morning.
9. Mary pays her bills every month.
10. He goes to bed very early every evening.
3. Folositi forma negativa pentru propozitiile urmatoare, folosind cuvintele din paranteze, la fel ca in
exemplul de mai jos:
Exemplu:
I like Maths. (Physics)
I like Maths, but I don't like Physics
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1. My sister gets up at 10 o'clock. (usually)
2. We play football on Sundays. (sometimes)
3. I go out with a stranger. (never)
4. She listens to music in the evening. (always)
5. He goes to school by bus. (often)
6. I eat a hamburger in the morning. (never)
7. I read the newspaper in the evening. (usually)
8. In the morning I play on the computer. (sometimes)
9. Mother washes the dishes in the evening. (always)
10. They go skiing in the winter. (often)
PREZENTUL CONTINUU
A. Mod de formare
Afirmativ:
Subiect + to be (conjugat in functie de persoana) + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"
Exemple:
1. I'm writing an article now.
2. They are playing football.
3. She is having lunch at this moment.
Interogativ:
To be (conjugat in functie de persoana) + Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"
Exemple:
1. Am I writing an article now?
2. Are they playing football?
3. Is she having lunch at this moment?
Negativ:
Subiect + to be (conjugat in functie de persoana) + not + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"
Se folosesc adesea contractiile isn't (is + not) si aren't (are + not)
Exemple:
1. I'm not writing an article now.
2. They aren't playing football.
3. She isn't having lunch at this moment
B. Reguli pentru adaugarea terminatiei „-s" sau „-es" la afirmativ pentru persoana a III-a
singular
Exemple:
play – playing
try – trying
drink – drinking
sing - singing
go - going
draw - drawing
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cook - cooking
learn - learning
send - sending
wash - washing
Exemple:
make – making
come – coming
leave – leaving
! La verbele formate dintr-o singura silaba (monosilabice) care se termina intr-o consoana precedata
de o vocala, se dubleaza consoana si apoi se adauga terminatia "-ing"
Exemple:
get – getting
sit – sitting
hit – hitting
• actiuni care se desfasoara pe o perioada mai mare de timp, incluzand si momentul vorbirii
Exemple:
John is studying Maths for his exam.
My brother is writing a book.
now, at this moment, these days, this week, today, tonight etc.
Exemple:
1. Paul is repairing his car now.
2. I'm having lunch at this moment.
3. He is working hard for a project these days.
4. They are going to the basketball game this week.
5. I'm writing a letter today.
6. I'm watching TV tonight.
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Exercitii:
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1. We ............... basketball in the schoolyard.
a) play; b) prepare; c) ski
2. They ............... a movie in the dining-room.
a) watch; b) play; c) eat
3. My friends and I ............... some flowers in the garden.
a) read; b) water; c) travel
4. I ............... my homeworks at Maths.
a) do; b) make; c) give
5. You ............... a novel to your little brother.
a) read; b) create; c) put
6. The poet ............... a poem about love at this moment.
a) create; b) give; c) look
7. I ............... after my lost cat.
a) look; b) search; c) spend
8. ........ we ............... to the cinema tonight?
a) go; b) watch; c) eat
9. The sun ............... brightly.
a) show; b) shine; c) rain
10. My friends ............... on a picnic without me.
a) go; b) play; c) read
1. I am makeing an apple-pie.
2. Mary is comeing from Italy today.
3. We are siting in the living-room.
4. He is geting off the bus at the first station.
5. My brother isn't writeing poems.
6. You aren't plaing with kids.
7. They are leaveing Bucharest tomorrow evening.
8. He is comeing tonight to see me.
9. She is haveing lunch at this moment.
10. Are you flyng to New York next week?
TRECUTUL SIMPLU
A. Mod de formare
Afirmativ:
Subiect + Vb.II (terminatia "-ed" pentru verbele regulate)
Exemple:
1. I wrote a book last year.
2. He went to a football game last week.
3. We played in the park yesterday.
Interogativ:
Did + Subiect + Vb.I?
Exemple:
1. Did you write a book last year?
2. Did he go to a football game last week?
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3. Did you play in the park yesterday?
Negativ:
Subiect + didn't + Vb.I
Exemple:
1. I didn't write a book last year.
2. He didn't go to a football game last week.
3. We didn't play in the park yesterday.
yesterday, at this time yesterday, 2 days ago, 2 months ago, last year, last week, the day before
yesterday
Exemple:
1. Diana went in Belgium 3 years ago.
2. I was having lunch at this time yesterday.
3. They played football 2 hours ago.
4. Paul taught English and French 3 months ago.
5. She left town the day before yesterday.
Exercitii:
2. Folositi cuvintele din paranteze pentru a realiza propozitii negative precum in exemplu:
Exemplu:
Mary liked the apple pie. (the soup)
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Mary liked the apple pie, but she didn't like the soup.
I watch
I watched
1. I sleep
2. He plays
3. He run
4. You speak
5. They don't read
6. He doesn't feel
7. I meet
8.He catches
9. You wake up
10. They leave
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1. Where did you sleep last night? (at Cathy's)
2. When did you read this book? (3 weeks ago)
3. When did you find out about Susan's problems? (last Monday)
4. Where did you meet your friends? (in the park)
5. When did she study French (2 years ago)
6. Where did he work last year (in a bank)
7. When did they divorce? (4 years ago)
8. How did she die? (in a train accident)
9. Who was Mihai Eminescu? (a Romanian poet)
10. When was he born? (in 1973)
TRECUTUL CONTINUU
A. Mod de formare
Afirmativ:
Subiect + was (pers.I/III sg) / were (restul pers.) + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"
Exemple:
1. I was learning a poem at this time yesterday.
2. You were watering the flowers at this time yesterday.
3.They were mending the radio at this time yesterday.
Interogativ:
Was (pers.I/III sg) / Were (restul pers.) + Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"
Exemple:
1. Was I learning a poem at this time yesterday?
2. Were you watering the flowers at this time yesterday?
3. Were they mending the radio at this time yesterday?
Negativ:
Subiect + was (pers.I/III sg) / were (restul pers.) + not + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"
Se folosesc adesea contractiile wasn't (was + not) si weren't (were + not)
Exemple:
1. I wasn't learning a poem at this time yesterday.
2. You weren't watering the flowers at this time yesterday.
3.They weren't mending the radio at this time yesterday.
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Did he buy any sweets?.
Oh, he was buying sweets all the time.
at this time yesterday, from ... to ..., all day, for ...
Exemple:
1. Tom was typing some letters at this time yesterday .
2. She was playing quitar from 6 to 8 o'clock.
3. They were laughing all day.
4. She was living in an old building for 6 years.
Exercitii:
2. Ieri dimineata, toti elevii din clasa a sasea erau in clasa si se pregateau pentru testul de la
matematica. Spune ce facea fiecare cand a intrat profesorul.
Exemplu:
Ana and Mary / clean the blackboard.
Ana and Mary were cleaning the blackboard.
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She was singing for 2 hours yesterday.
5. Treceti verbele din paranteze la Trecutul Continuu. Aceste verbe exprima o actiune trecuta care a
avut loc o perioada mai lunga de timp.
Exemplu:
I (work) in a restaurant in the centre of the city.
I was working in a restaurant in the centre of the city.
A. Mod de formare
Afirmativ:
Subiect + have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + vb. la forma a III-a
Exemple:
1. I have washed her blouse.
2. He has written his homework.
3. We have learnt our English lesson.
Interogativ:
Have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + Subiect + vb. la forma a III-a
Exemple:
1. Have I washed her blouse?
2. Has he written his homework?
3. Have we learnt our English lesson?
Negativ:
Subiect + have/has (pers. a III-a sg.) + not + vb. la forma a III-a
Se folosesc adesea contractiile haven't (have + not) si hasn't (has + not)
Exemple:
1. I haven't washed her blouse.
2. He hasn't written his homework.
3. We haven't learnt our English lesson.
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B. Folosim Prezentul Perfect Simplu pentru:
• a exprima o actiune inceputa in trecut care se continua si in prezent; efectele actiunii se resimt si in
prezent
Exemple:
I have lived here since 1994.
We have started classes for 3 hours.
Exercitii:
1. Pune verbele din paranteza la Prezentul Perfect Simplu, ca in exemplul de mai jos:
Exemplu:
Tom .......... (write) .......... his homework.
Tom has just written his homework.
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3. They .......... (arrive) .......... to the theatre.
4. We .......... (see) .......... our Math teacher.
5. He .......... (begin) .......... to cry.
2. Construieste propozitii la timpul Prezent Perfect Simplu, cu ajutorul expresiilor din paranteza, ca in
exemplele de mai jos:
Exemple:
I .......... arrive .......... home. (just)
I have just arrived home.
He .......... paint .......... this picture. (never)
He has never painted this picture.
They .......... do .......... their homeworks. (yet)
They haven't done their homeworks yet.
3. Raspunde la urmatoarele intrebari folosind timpul Prezent Perfect Simplu, ca in exemplele de mai
jos:
Exemple:
Have you ever heard this song before? (never)
We have never heard this song before.
Have you ever eaten this food before? (often)
We have often eaten this food.
1. have breakfast
2. buy the buster
3. send the letter
4. clean the bathroom
5. wash the dishes
5. Completeaza urmatoarele propozitii ca in exemplul de mai jos, folosind timpul Prezent Perfect
Simplu:
Exemplu:
This is the most beautiful girl I .......... (see)
This is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
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1. That is the most interesting movie he .......... (see)
2. This is the best book she .......... (read)
3. This is the biggest mall they .......... (visit)
4. These are the most attractive souvenirs they .......... (buy)
5. Those are the most wonderful monuments they .......... (see)
A. Mod de formare
Afirmativ:
Subiect + have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + vb. la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"
Exemple:
1. I have been waiting for your reply since yesterday.
2. He has been sending me letters for 3 months.
3. We have been crying for 3 hours.
Interogativ:
Have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + Subiect + been + vb. la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"
Exemple:
1. Have I been waiting for your reply since yesterday?
2. Has he been sending me letters for 3 months?
3. Have we been crying for 3 hours?
Negativ:
Subiect + have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + not + vb. la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"
Se folosesc adesea contractiile haven't (have + not) si hasn't (has + not)
Exemple:
1. I haven't been waiting for your reply since yesterday.
2. He hasn't been sending me letters for 3 months.
3. We haven't been crying for 3 hours.
• a descrie stari sau sentimente care au inceput in trecut si au continuat de-a lungul unei perioade de
timp si sunt inca prezente in momentul vorbirii
Exemple:
I have lived here since 1994.
We have started classes for 3 hours.
since
Exemplu:
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You have been living in Paris since 1996.
for
Exemplu:
They have been watching TV for 3 hours.
so far
Exemplu:
So far, there have been arriving 10 passengers from London.
ever
Exemplu:
Have you ever been listening to the radio?
never
Exemplu:
I have never been travelling to France until now.
Exercitii:
1. Pune verbele din paranteza la timpul Prezentul Perfect Continuu, ca in exemplul de mai jos:
Exemplu:
I (travel) abroad for 2 weeks.
I have been travelling abroad for 2 weeks.
2. Reformuleaza urmatoarele propozitii folosind FOR + the last + Prezentul Perfect Continuu, ca in
exemplul de mai jos:
Exemplu:
He began watching TV 2 hours ago.
He has been watching TV for the last 2 hours.
3. Pune la forma interogativa a timpului Prezent Perfect Continuu, propozitiile de mai jos:
Exemplu:
He has been listening to the radio for 1 hour.
Has he been listening to the radio for 1 hour?
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5. I have been watching "Young & Restless" since 2001.
4. Completeaza spatiile goale cu "FOR" si "SINCE". Pune verbele din paranteza la Prezentul Perfect
Continuu:
Exemplu:
Helen (study) English .......... last summer.
Heleng has been studying English since last summer.
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Lista verbelor neregulate
In aceasta lectie vom vedea care sunt verbele neregulate, care sunt formele lor la infinitiv, trecut si
participiu trecut, precum si traducerea lor.
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to break broke broken a sparge
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to drive drove driven a conduce masina
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to hang hung (hanged) hung (hanged) a spanzura
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to meet met met a italni
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to shave shaved shaven a se barbieri
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to spend spent spent a petrece,
a cheltui
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to tear tore torn a rupe, a sfasia
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Engleză: Gramatică: Verbe noţionale - trecutul simplu (Past
Tense Simple)
Când se foloseşte
Se foloseşte cu adverbe de timp ca: two hours ago (acum două ore), yesterday (ieri), last week
(săptămâna trecută), in 1970 (în 1970) .
Exemplu: I went to the opera last week. (Am fost la operă săptămâna trecută.)
În această situaţie, trecutul simplu se traduce prin perfectul compus (de obicei la persoana a I-a şi a
II-a) şi perfectul simplu (aproape exclusiv la persoana a III-a).
Exemple:
definite: weekly (săptămânal), three times a day (de trei ori pe zi) etc
indefinite: often (des), usually (de obicei) etc
Exemplu:
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She often left her English textbook at home. (Deseori îşi uita manualul de engleză acasă.)
Cum se formează
Afirmativ
Aici există o diferenţă în formarea timpului între verbele regulate şi cele neregulate.
ED se pronunţă astfel:
[D] când verbele se termină în vocală sau consoană sonoră (b, g, l, m, n, v, z, dz)
Negativ
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Nu am muncit I didn’t write a letter Nu am scris o
I didn’t work hard yesterday.
mult ieri. yesterday. scrisoare ieri.
You didn’t work hard Nu ai muncit mult You didn’t write a letter Nu ai scris o
yesterday. ieri. yesterday. scrisoare ieri.
He/she didn’t work hard El/Ea nu a muncit He/she didn’t write a letter El/Ea nu a scris o
yesterday. mult ieri. yesterday. scrisoare ieri.
We didn’t work hard Noi nu am muncit We didn’t write a letter Noi nu am scris o
yesterday. mult ieri. yesterday. scrisoare ieri.
You didn’t work hard Voi nu aţi muncit You didn’t write a letter Voi nu aţi scris o
yesterday. mult ieri. yesterday. scrisoare ieri.
They didn’t work hard Ei nu au muncit They didn’t write a letter Ei nu au scris o
yesterday. mult ieri. yesterday. scrisoare ieri.
Interogativ
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