CAMLES

S
ENGINE
S
Presented By- Ashwin Jacob
 What Is Cam???
 Cam is a rotating machine element which gives
reciprocating motion to the follower.

 The motion of the follower is pre-determined and

accordingly the Cam is designed.

 The cams are normally placed on a fixed

camshaft which is then geared to the
crankshaft.
 Working Of Conventional Four
Stroke IC Engine

 Has four strokes.

 Movement of inlet and exhaust valves

with the help of Cam.
 Jump to: navigation, search

Conventional Valve train

 The valvetrain consists of valves,
rocker arms, pushrods, lifters,
and camshafts.
 It involves many moving parts.

CAMSHAFT
 Rocker arm is a reciprocating
lever that conveys radial
movement from the cam lobe
into linear movement at the
poppet valve to open it.

 It provides a reasonable
balance of strength, weight
and economical cost. ROCKER ARM
 Disadvantages Of Conventional
Valvetrain
I. Increased frictional losses
II. Cam profile is fixed
III. Noise
 Overview Of Camless Engine
SENSORS ELECTRON ACTUATO
IC RS
CONTROL
UNIT senses;
Mainly Five Sensors are present,which
I.Speed of the engine.
II.Load on the engine.

III.Exhaust gas Sensor.

IV.Valve position Sensor.

V.Current Sensor.

Microprocessors are present in ECU to issue

signals and control the Actuators.
 Types Of Camless Mechanisms

I. Electromechanical Poppet Valves.

II. Electromechanical Ball Valves.

III. Electrohydraulic Poppet Valves.

 Electromechanical Poppet Valves
 Early systems magnetic
attraction/repulsion was
used on an iron or
ferromagnetic armature

 Varying Air Gaps which

lead to high energy losses
and High Seating Velocities
which made varying of the
lift difficult.
 It is replaced with a current-carrying armature coil.
 A magnetic field is generated by a magnetic field
generator and is directed across the fixed air gap.
 The force generated on the armature coil drives the
armature coil linearly in the air gap in a direction parallel
with the valve stem.
 Depending on the direction of the current supplied to the
armature coil, the valve will be driven toward an open or
closed position.
 Camless Valvetrain Types
 Electromechanical Poppet Valves
 Electromechanical Ball Valves
 It consists of a ball
through which there is a
passage.

 If the ball is rotated such

that the passage lines up
with other openings in the
valve assembly, gas can
pass through it.
 Electromechanical Ball Valves
 Electro-hydraulic Poppet Valves
 A source of pressurized
hydraulic fluid and a
hydraulic actuator
coupled to the poppet
valve is used.

 The use of engine oil as

the hydraulic fluid
simplifies and lowers the
cost of the design.
 Electro-hydraulic Poppet Valves
 Why Camless Engines???
 Infinitely variable valve
timing.
 More torque is made
available throughout the
rev-range.
 Increases durability and
engine life.
 Valve train weight which
limits the rotational speed
at which the engine can
operate is reduced.
 Increases engine
performance.
 Decreases fuel
consumption
 Decreases harmful
emissions
 Valeo estimates that the
efficiency of a camless
engine would be 20%
greater than a comparable
camshaft-operated engine
Limitations Of Camless Engines

1. Relatively high cost

2. Packaging

3. Power consumption

4. Noise and vibration

Current Applications Of Camless
Engines
 Camless valve trains using solenoids or magnetic systems
are being investigated by BMW and Fiat.
 They are being prototyped by Valeo and Ricardo.
 Used in the new Fiat 500.
Thank You