September 17సెప్టెంబర్ 17 బ్లాక్ డే తెలంగాణకు అది దుర్దినం దురాక్రమణ దినం

ÃãÃÑOì |~ü 17 ÉÏ¡H± _Õ
`≥ÅOQÍ}Ï‰õΩ Jk ^Œ∞iÌ#O – ^Œ∞~å„Hõ=∞} k#O
^Œ∞~°Oæ ~°qO^Œ~ü
ZOU, ZOã≤*ˇ, ZOÑ¶≤Öò, (Ñ≤.ÃÇÏKü_ç)
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ã¨∞ Ñ¨ ~°‚ Ñ¨ a¡ Hˆ +¨ <£û

ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~åÉÏ^£ – `≥ÅOQÍ}
2010
`≥ÅOQÍ}Ï‰õΩ Jk ^Œ∞iÌ#O–^Œ∞~å„Hõ=∞} k#O
Durgam Ravinder ^Œ∞~°æO ~°qO^Œ~ü
First Edition : 2010 „Ñ¨^=Œä ∞ =Ú„^Œ} : 2010
Cover : Aelay Lakshman Hõ=~ü : UÖË ÅHõ∆ ‡}ü
Design : Dattha _ç*ˇ·<£ : ^Œ`«Î
DTP : AVM Graphics, Nirmala _ç\ Ñ˜ ≤ : UqZ"£∞ „QÍÑ¶H≤ û± , x~°‡Å
9440096321 9440096321
Printing : Sabbanda Printers, =Ú„^Œ} : ã¨|ƒO_» „Ñ≤O\~üû,
Nallakunta, Hyderabad-44 #Å¡‰õΩO@, ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£–44.
Phone : 9290883869 á¶È<£: 9290883869
for Copies : „Ñ¨`∞« Å‰õΩ :
Suparna Publications ã¨∞Ñ¨~‚° ÑäHˆ¡ +¨<û£

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Q“~°= ÉèÏ="Õ∞ HõÅQÆ@O ÖË^Œ∞.
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qâßÖÏO„^èŒ#∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕâß~°∞.
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ã¨fi`«O„`« ^Õâ◊OQÍ LOKåÅx x*ÏO ~åA HÀ~°∞‰õΩ<åfl_»∞. P<å\˜ Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ìÅ∂
W^Õ HÀ~°∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. <≥·*ÏO ~å[ºO ã¨fi`«O„`« ^Õâ◊O HÍx „a\˜+π PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ ‰õΩ„@
Ñ¨Ói`«OQÍ <≥·*ÏO ^Õâßxfl ãÖ™ê÷#O Jx „Ñ¨Kå~°O KÕâß~°∞.
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HÍx ^Õâ◊OÖ’x JkèHõ âß`«O Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ „Ñ¨[Å∞ ÉèÏ~°`üÖ’ HõÅ"åÅ#∞ ‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. =Úã≤¡O
f„="å^Œ∞Å∞ <≥·*ÏO ^Õâßxfl áêH˜™ê÷<£Ö’ HõÅáêÅx ÖË^• ã¨fi`«O„`«º ^Õâ◊OQÍ LO_®Åx
„ÑüáêkOKå~°∞. ~åA JaèëêìxH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ H˘O^Œ~°∞ =Úã‘¡O f„="å^Œ∞Å∞ =∞l¡ãπ
Z W`ÕÎÇ¨^Œ∞Öò =Úã≤¡g∞<£ (ZOSZO) áêsìx ™ê÷Ñ≤OKå~°∞. D áêsì „áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOz#
™êÜ«Ú^èŒ qÉèÏQÆO "åˆ~ ~°*ÏHÍ~°∞¡. g~°∞ 1946–48 =∞^èŒº `≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’ JHõ$`åºÅ‰õΩ
áêÅÊ_®¤~°∞. =∂#= =∞$QÍÖÏ¡ „Ñ¨=iÎOKå~°∞. gix J^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù KÕÜ«∞_»OÖ’ x*ÏO ~åA
Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ qÑ¶¨ÅO JÜ«∂º_»∞. JÖÏ "åi K≥_»∞#O`å x*ÏO Ñ¨ÙÅ∞=Ú HÀ"åeû =zÛOk.
D =OHõ`À x*ÏO#∞ Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞Åì ∞ hK«∞_çQÍ, xÜ«∞O`«QÍ, JÅ∞Ê_çQÍ z„fHõiOKå~°∞.
HÍx Wk `«ÑC¨ .
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^•^•Ñ¨Ù Ñ¨kâß`«O =∞Ok Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞=ÙÅ∞<åfl~°∞. g~°∞ ÉèÏ~°`« Ãã·#ºO`À `«ÅÑ¨_ç`Õ
É’Öˇ_»O`« ~°HõÎáê`«O [iˆQk. Jk W+ì̈O ÖËHõ<Õ x*ÏO qb<åxH˜ JOwHõiOKå_»∞.
qb#O Ñ¿ ~°∞`À [iy# ^Œ∞~å„H=õ ∞}
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^ÕâßxH˜ Jã¨ûÅ∞ XHõ¯ ÃÑ·™ê JÑ¨C ÖË^Œ∞. 1948 JHÀì|~ü 18= `Õk <å\˜H˜ 63
HÀ@∞¡ q∞QÆ∞Å∞ |_≥˚\ò`À <≥·*ÏO ^Õâ◊O ÉèÏ~°`« Ü«¸xÜ«∞<£Ö’ qb#"≥∞ÿOk. Wq
HÍ‰õΩO_® <≥·*ÏO ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ <≥„Ç¨˙‰õΩ ÑÖÑ≤# 23 ÃÑ>ì̌Å |OQÍ~°O, qÅ∞= Hõ@ìÖËx
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^èŒ# ãÖK«Ü«∞O qÅ∞=#∞ ÖˇH˜¯OK«<Õ ÖË^Œ∞. JÑ¨Ê\˜ 63 HÀ@∞¡ WÑ¨C_»∞ Zxfl HÀ@¡`À
ã¨=∂#O. JO`« ãÖÑ¨^Œ fã¨∞H˘x ^Œi„^•xfl ÑÖz# ÉèÏ~°`« áêÅ# =∂ÔHO^Œ∞‰õΩ?
Jx `≥ÅOQÍ} "å~°∞ J_»∞QÆ∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. áêH˜™ê÷<£ #∞O_ç „áê}ÏÅ∞ KÕ`«Ñ¨@∞ì‰õΩx
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^Õâ◊O HÀ_»ÖÏ ™ÈxÜ«∂QÍOnè QÍ~°∞? nxH˜ g∞ ã¨=∂^è•#O Uq∞\˜?
HõO\’<Õ‡O\ò, W„H˜™ê\ò, a.ÃÇÏKü.W.ZÖò, Z<£ZÑ¶πã≤, Wã≤SÖò, _çP~ü_çZÖò ÖÏO\˜
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ÑïÇ¨~°O`« ZO`«? =zÛ# L^ÀºQÍÖˇxfl? qâßÅ"≥∞ÿ# HõO\’<≥‡O\ò#∞ ^˘ÉËƒ™ê~°∞.
XHõ¯ÃÑ·™ê #+¨ìÑïÇ¨~°O W=fiHõáÈui =∂ Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞, =#~°∞Å#∞, ^èŒ#. =∂#,
„áê}ÏÅ#∞ ^ÀK«∞‰õΩO@∞#fl g∞~°∞ =∂ÔHO^Œ∞‰õΩ? Jx `≥ÅOQÍ} „Ñ¨[Å∞ „Ñ¨tflã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞.
x*ÏxH˜ ÃãÃÑOì |~ü 17‰õΩ U ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ ã≤yflÑ¶HÔ≤ <£û, „áê^è•#º`« ÖË^∞Œ . x*ÏO ÖÏOK«#OQÍ
ÖÁOyáÈ~ÚOk. ÃãÃÑìO|~ü 18# QÍOnèl, l<åfl W^ŒÌ~°∞ „|uH˜ LO>Ë ÉèÏ~°`«
„Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO áÈbãπ PHõ∆<£ J<Õ q∞Å@i ^•_çH˜ D `≥yOÑ¨ÙÅ KÕ¿ãkHÍ^Œ∞.
1948 ÃãÃÑìO|~ü 1913# áêH˜™êÎ<£Ö’ l<åfl =∞~°}ÕKå_»∞. [#=i 30# QÍOnèr
Ç¨Ï`«º‰õΩ QÆ∞~°Ü«∂º_»∞. "≥Ö’¡_ç „Ñ¨^è•# =∞O„u JÜÕ∞º=~°‰õΩ JO>Ë 26 [#=i 1950
=~°‰õΩ áêÅ<å =º=Ç¨~åÅ∞ x*ÏO ¿Ñ~°∞ g∞^Œ<Õ [iQÍ~Ú. `«~åfi`« 26 [#=i
1950 #∞O_ç 1952 =~°‰õΩ ZO.ÔH. "≥Ö’¡_ç (Sã≤Zãπ) áêÅ# ™êyOk. 1952–56
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J_ç‡x¢¿ãì@~üQÍ L<åfl_»∞.
|∂~°∞æÅ <å=∞ =∂„`«Ñ¨Ù =ÚYº=∞O„uQÍ L<åfl~°∞. K«„HõO uÑ≤Ê# ^ŒO`å "≥Ö’¡_ç
=∞Ç¨â◊Ü«Ú_Õ. "≥Ú`«ÎO g∞^Œ D =∞^èŒº HÍÅOÖ’<Õ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’ K≥Ñ¨Ê#Åq HÍx
J<åºÜ«∂Å∞ [iQÍ~Ú.
x*ÏO 1967 Ñ¶≤„|=i 24# =∞~°}ÕKÕO`«QÍ L<åfl~°∞. =~°‰õΩ ~å[„Ñ¨=ÚMò QÍ<Õ
Q“~°qOÑ¨É_®¤~°∞. áÈbãπ PHõ∆<£ `«~åfi`« x*ÏO <≥Å‰õΩ 50 ÅHõ∆Å ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å
~å*ÏÉèí~°}O á⁄O^•_»∞.
ZxflHõÅ∞ [~°QÆ‰õΩO_® „Ñ¨*Ï™êfi=∞ºO Tã¨∞ ÖË‰õΩO_® <≥„Ç¨˙ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO "≥Ö’¡_çx
=ÚYº=∞O„uQÍ ZÖÏ xÜ«∞q∞OzO^À =∞i. gi HÍÅOÖ’<Õ `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ É’Öˇ_O» `«
J<åºÜ«∞O [iyOk.

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ã¨fi`«O„`åºxfl 'P*Ï^£ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£—#∞ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå_»∞. Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ì áêsì "å~°∞ ‰õÄ_®
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<åÜ«∞Hõ`fi« O =Ç≤ÏOKå~°∞. HÍO„ÔQãπ "å~°∞ ã¨ÇÏ¨ HõiOKå~°∞. g~°∞ XHõO^Œ∞‰õΩ HÀ~°∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞,
"å~°∞ WOH˘HõO^Œ∞Hõ∞ HõÅ∞Ñ¨Ù‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
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‰õΩ„@Ñ¨Ói`« x~°‚Ü«∂xfl fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
W^Õ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ~°*ÏHÍ~°∞¡ ZK«∞ÛÅ‰õΩ áÈ~Ú <≥·*ÏO ^Õâ◊OÖ’ #~°HÍxfl ã¨$+≤ìOKå~°∞.
xã¨ûÇ¨Ü«Ú_≥#· x*ÏO ~°*ÏHÍ~°#¡ ∞ xÅ∞=iOK«ÖHË áõ ÈÜ«∂_»∞. PO„^èŒ „áêO`« Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ì
<åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} Ô~·`åOQÆ áÈ~å@O ¿Ñ~°∞`À `≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’ P áêsìx |Ö’¿Ñ`«O
KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. HÍO„ÔQãπ `«k`«~° áêsìÅ∞ qb# L^Œº=∂xfl x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKå~Ú. Ö’`«∞Å∞
‰õΩ„@Å∞, `≥eÜ«∞x "≥∞*Ïi\˜ `≥ÅOQÍ} Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ „Ñ¨[Å∞ ÉèÏ~°`« ^Õâ◊OÖ’ HõÅ"åÅx
J#∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. J^Õ WÑ¨C_»∞ "åi Kå=ÙH˘zÛOk. JÖÏO\˜ P*Ï^£ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£‰õΩ
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áêsìÖ’x `≥ÅOQÍ} "å~°∞ H˘O^Œ~°∞ nxH˜ =∞^ŒÌ`«∞ ‰õÄ_® `≥eáê~°∞.
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"å~°∞ ÉèÏqOKåeû LO@∞Ok. nxfl |ÅÑïKÕ suÖ’<Õ P<å_»∞ QÍx `«~åfi`« QÍx
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J=∂Ü«∞Hõ `≥ÅOQÍ} "åˆ~. giÖ’ H˘O^Œ̂~ PO„^èŒ∞Å<åfl~°∞.
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Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ì áêsì „ÑüáêkOzOk.
D f~å‡#O "Õ∞~°ˆH ÉèÏ~°`« Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ì áêsì ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ âßY Zxq∞k ¿ÑrÅ
Hõ~°Ñ¨„`åxfl „Ñ¨K«∞iOz ÑÖzÃÑ\ì̃Ok. WO^Œ∞Ö’ ''x*ÏO ~å¢+ì̈O ÉèÏ~°`« Ü«¸xÜ«∞<£Ö’
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‰õΩO@∞#flk—— Jx JO^Œ∞Ö’ q=∞i≈OKå~°∞.
18.9.1948 #∞O_ç 30.11.1949 =~°∞‰õΩ "Õ∞[~ü [#~°Öò [Ü«∞O`ü KÒ^Œi QÍ~°∞
L<åfl~°∞. P `«~åfi`« 1.12.1949 #∞O_ç 5.3.1952 (Ô~O_»∞ ãÖ=`«û~åÅ =¸_»∞
<≥ÅÅ∞) =~°‰õΩ ZO.ÔH. "≥Ö’¡_ç =ÚYº=∞O„uQÍ L<åfl~°∞.
Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ì áêsì ™ê#∞Éèí∂uÑ¨~°∞Å ã¨=∂"Õâ◊O XHõ\ ˜ 'Ç¨Ïã¨‡`ü QÆO*ò—Ö’ [iyOk.
P ã¨ÉÖíè ’ ~å*ò |Ç¨Ï^Œ∂~üQ“~ü "ÕkHõ ÃÑ#· P*Ï^£ ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~åÉÏ^£‰Ωõ =∞^Œ`Ì ∞« „Ñ¨H\õ O˜ Kå~°∞.
áêsì `«~°Ñ¶¨Ù# Zxq∞k ¿ÑrÅ Hõ~°Ñ¨„`«O ‰õÄ_® =zÛOk, P `«~åfi`« áêsìÖ’ K«~°Û
[iy D Ü≥∂K«##∞ q~°q∞OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
<≥·*ÏO ~å*Ïºxfl '=Ú=∞¡Hõ`≥ Pã¨Ñ¶≤Ü«∂— J<Õ "å~°∞. ~°*ÏHÍ~°∞¡ =zÛ ^•xfl '=Ú=∞¡Hõ`≥
W™ê¡q∞Ü«∂ Pã¨ÑÜ ≤¶ ∂« — Jx „Ñ¨Kå~°O KÕâß~°∞. ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~åÉÏ^£#∞ L™ê‡x™êÎ<£ J<Õ ¿Ñ~°∞`À
„Ñ¨`ÕºHõ ™ê~°fiÉè∫=∞ W™ê¡O ^Õâ◊OQÍ =∂~åÛÅx =Úã‘¡O =∞`«"å^Œ∞Å∞ (~°*ÏHÍ~°∞¡)
„Ñ¨Ü∞« uflOKå~°∞. Z„~°HÀ@ÃÑ· Pã¨ÑÜ ≤¶ ∂« [O_®#∞ ZQÆ∞~°"™Õ êÎ#x, |OQÍà◊MÏ`«O hà◊§`À
x*ÏO áê^•Å∞ Hõ_∞» QÆ∞`å#x MÏã≤O ~°lfi, „Ñ¨QÖÆ ÏƒùÅ∞ Ñ¨Å∞‰õΩ`«∂ `≥ÅOQÍ} „QÍ=∂Ö’¡
Ñ¨@ì}ÏÖ’¡ J<ÕHõ J`åºKå~åÅ∞, J„Hõ=∂Å∞ KÕâß~°∞. nO`À <≥·*ÏO ~å[º „Ñ¨[Å∞
Z‰õΩ¯= =∞Ok "Õˆ~ ^•i ÖËHõ P ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`« ^Õâ◊O`À qb<åxH˜ =∞^ŒÌ`«∞
`≥eáê~°∞.
Hõ~°}O (xÜ≥∂y „ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}∞_»∞) J~Ú# |∂~°∞æÅ ~å=∞Hõ$+¨‚~å=Ù#∞ P<å\˜ Ô~_»∞¡
JkèHÍ~°O HÀãÖ Ñ¨Å∞ ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ W|ƒOk ÃÑ\Ïì~°∞. "åiÃÑ· H˜#∞Hõ`À<Õ XHõ ^Œâ◊Ö’
PÜ«∞# qâßÖÏO„^èŒ‰õΩ =∞^ŒÌ`«∞ `≥eáê~°∞.
~°*ÏHÍ~°∞¡ `≥ÅOQÍ} „QÍ=∂Ö’¡ KÕã≤# ^Œ∞~å‡~åæÅ =Å¡, =Úã‘¡O, Ô~_ç¤, "≥Å=∞,
[g∞O^•~°∞¡, Hõ~°}ÏÅ∞ KÕ¿ã ^Òëêì ºÅ =Å¡ x*ÏO‰õΩ K≥_»¤ ¿Ñ~°∞ =zÛOk. HÍx x*ÏO
ã¨fi`«Ç¨QÍ g~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê#O`« K≥_»¤"å_»∞ HÍ^Œ∞. QÀ=^Œ x¿+^Œ K«\Ïìxfl, Lz`« =∞Ozh~°∞
WKÕÛ K«\ÏìÅ#∞ KÕâß_»∞. =Úe¯ Ñ¶¨~å‡<å *Ïi KÕâß_»∞. Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞=ÙÅ =∞<ÀÉèÏ"åÅ#∞
^≥|ƒf¿ã U Ñ¨xx PÜ«∞# KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞. JO^Œ∞ˆH H˘xfl W™ê¡O =∞`« ãÖã¨÷Å∞ PÜ«∞#
'HÍÑ¶≤~ü— J<Õ P~ÀÑ¨} KÕâß~Ú.
''~°*ÏHÍ~°¡ ^Œ∞~å‡~åæÅ∞ „QÍ=∂Ö’¡ ÃÑiyáÈÜ«∂~Ú. =∞~À"≥·Ñ¨Ù Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ì áêsì
„áê|ÅºO ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#flk. ~°*ÏHÍ~°¡#∞ xÅ∞=iOK«ÖË#x, Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ìÅ =∞^ŒÌ`«∞
á⁄O^ŒÖË#x—— x*ÏO „QÆÇ≤ÏOKå_»∞. áêH˜™êÎ<£‰õÄ_® ZÖÏO\˜ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O KÕÜ«∞ÖË#x
KÕ`«∞Öˇ`ÕÎã≤Ok. SHõº~å[º ã¨q∞u ™ê#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ ã¨ÊOkOK«ÖË^Œ∞. nO`À x*ÏO
xã¨ûÇ¨Ü«Ú_»Ü«∂º_»∞. ^Õâ◊OÖ’ J~åK«HõO PÑ¨_®xˆH PÜ«∞# |Å=O`«OQÍ qb<åxH˜
XÑ¨C‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
=Úã‘¡O ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® H˘O^Œ~°∞ D q+¨Ü«∂xfl „QÆÇ≤ÏOz ÉèÏ~°`« „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ qb#O
HÀ~°∞`«∂ ÖËY „"åâß~°∞. "åˆ~ x*ÏO#∞ ‰õÄ_® Hõeã≤ ÉèÏ~°`Öü ’ qb<åxH˜ XÑ¨CHÀ"åÅx
HÀ~å~°∞. g~°∞ ~åã≤# ÖËY#∞ ã¨~åÌ~ü Ñ¨>ÖË ò áê~°"¡ ∞≥ O\òÖ’ K«kq qxÑ≤Oz, ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~åÉÏ^£
™êfinè<åxH˜ áê~°¡"≥∞O\ò#∞ ãÖã≤^ŒúO KÕâß~°∞. <≥„Ç¨˙ ~å[^è•xÖ’ ÖËx ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
1948 ÃãÃÑìO|~ü 8# Ñ¨>ËÖò ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ ÃÑ· Ãã·xHõ K«~°º#∞ „áê~°OaèOz <≥·*ÏO
~å*Ïºxfl kQÆƒO^èŒO KÕã≤ P„Hõq∞OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. JÖÏ `«Ñ¨Êxãï Ñïã≤÷`«∞Ö’¡ x*ÏO
ÖÁOy áÈÜ«∂_»∞. x*ÏO H˘_»∞‰õΩ ã¨~°fi ¿ã<åx P*O*ÏÇ≤Ï, [#~°Öò JÖò W„^Œ∂ãπÅ∞
Jã¨Ñ¶≤Ü«∂*ˇO_®#∞ kOz ÉèÏ~°`« *ˇO_®#∞ ZQÆ∞~°"Õã≤ ÖÏOK«#OQÍ ÖÁOQÆ∞ÉÏ@∞#∞
"≥Å¡_çOKå~°∞.
Jxfl "≥·Ñ¨ÙÅ #∞O_ç K«∞@∞ì=Ú\ì̃# ÉèÏ~°`« Ãã·<åºÅ∞, "åi JO_»`À ™ê÷xHõ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞=ÙÅ∞,
=Úã‘¡OÅ#∞, Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ìÅ#∞ TK«HÀ`« HÀâß~°∞. D TK«HÀ`«‰õΩ ÉèíÜ«∞Ñ¨_ç "ÕÖÏk
=∞Ok =Úã‘¡O JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞, *Ïw~ü^•~°∞¡, ãÖÑ¨#∞flÅ∞ ã¨~°fi™êfixfl =ke WOQÍ¡O_£,
áêH˜ ™ êÎ < £ ÖÏO\˜ „Ñ¨ ^ Õ â ßÅ‰õ Ω áêiáÈÜ« ∂ ~° ∞ . "å~° ∞ =ke "≥ o §# Pã¨ ∞ Î Å #∞
`≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’x J„QÆ‰Ωõ ÖÏÅ∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ P„Hõq∞OK«∞HÀQÍ H˘xfl Pã¨∞ÅÎ #∞ JuH˘kÌ =∞Ok
cã≤, Zã‘û ‰õΩÖÏÅ "å~°∞ ‰õÄ_® P„Hõq∞OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. ãÖ^Œ\’¡ ã¨_Õ q∞Ü«∂Å =ÖË
PO„^èŒ =Åã¨"å^Œ∞Å∞ ‰õÄ_® ÃÑ^ŒÌ Z`«∞Î# D Pã¨∞ÎÅ#∞ ã¨fiÅÊ „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flO`À ã¨fiO`«O
KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
"åiH˜ Pã¨∞ÎÅ‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz# K«\ÏìÅ∞ ÉÏQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞, ÃÑ·QÍ iHÍ~°∞¤Åxfl "åi KÕ`«∞Ö’¡
L<åfl~Ú, JkèHÍ~°O "åi KÕ`«∞Ö’¡ LOk. nx JO_»`À "å~°∞ ÅHõ∆ÖÏk ZHõ~åÅ
Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞, HÀ\Ï#∞HÀ@¡ qÅ∞"≥·# Pã¨∞ÎÅ#∞ ã¨fiO`«O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
<≥·*ÏO „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiOÖ’ =Úã‘¡O L^ÀºQÆ∞Å∞, JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ J`«ºkèHõOQÍ LO_Õ "å~°∞.
"åiÖ’ H˘O^Œ~°∞ ÉèíÜ«∞O`À áêiáÈÜ«∂~°∞. „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi Ü«∞O„`åOQÍxfl J^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù
KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ Ãã·xHõ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO, =∞„^•ãπ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi JkèHÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ Ç¨Ï_®q_çQÍ „Ñ¨"≥∂+¨#∞¡
WzÛ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£‰õΩ ~°Ñ≤ÊOKå~°∞. "å~°∞ =ã¨∂Î<Õ WHõ¯_ç J=∂Ü«∞Hõ [#OÃÑ· PkèÑ¨`«ºO
"≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\Ïì~°∞. P =Úã‘¡OÅ áêÅ# #∞O_ç q∞=∞‡efl ~°H˜∆OK«_®xH˜ =zÛ# "å~°=∞x
K≥Ñ¨C‰õΩO@∂ ^˘iH˜# HÍ_çH˜ ™⁄=Ú‡KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. =Úã≤¡O *Ïy~ü ^•~°∞¡, JkHÍ~°∞Å∞
=ke "≥o§# Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞, WO_»¡#∞, *ÏQÍÅ#∞ P„Hõq∞OK«∞ ‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. iHÍ~°∞¤Åhfl
"åi KÕ`«∞Ö’¡H˜ "≥àÏ§~Ú. HÍ|\ì̃ P iHÍ~°∞¤Ö’ "åi "åi ¿Ñ~°¡#∞ ZH˜¯OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
ÖË^• ÅOKåÅ∞ WzÛ# "åi ¿Ñ~°¡ g∞kH˜ Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ =∂iÛ "Õâß~°∞. JÖÏ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï
Ñïã≤÷u =∞~À™êi J<åº„HÍO`«"≥∞ÿ áÈ~ÚÖ’Oz ÃÑ#O g∞^Œ‰õΩ =∂iOk. P<å\˜
#∞O_ç Jk "ÕyáÈ`«∂<Õ LOk. =∂_çáÈ`«∂<Õ LOk.
17 ãÃ ÑÃ Oì |~ü : Ñ¨~`° O« `„ =« ∂? qb#=∂? q"≥∂K«<å?
17 ÃãÃÑìO|~°∞ 1948# Jã¨Ñ¶π*ÏÇ‘ÏÅ áêÅ# =Úyã≤ <≥·*ÏO ~å[ºO ÉèÏ~°`üÖ’
qb#"≥∞ÿOk. Jã¨Ñ¶π*ÏÇ‘Ï =Oâ◊OÖ’ z=i (U_»=) x*ÏO g∞~ü L™ê‡<£ JbMÏ<£
qb# XÑ¨ÊO^ŒOÃÑ· ãÖ`«HõO KÕã≤ ÉèÏ~°`« „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ ÖÁOyáÈÜ«∂_»∞. ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊
Ç¨ÏŸO=∞O„uQÍ L#fl ã¨~åÌ~ü Ñ¨>ËÖò 500 ÃÑ·QÍ ã¨fi`«O„`« ãÖ™ê÷<åÅ#∞ WÖÏ ÉèÏ~°`«
^Õâ◊OÖ’ qb#O KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™ê=∞, ^•#, ÉË^Œ, ^ŒO_ÀáêÜ«∂Å#∞ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOKå_»∞.
<≥„Ç¨˙ ~å[^è•xÖ’ ÖË#Ñ¨C_»∞ Ñ¨>ËÖò ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ÃÑ· Ãã·xHõ K«~°º‰õΩ P^ÕtOKå_»∞.
"Õ∞[~ü [#~°Öò *ˇ.Zãπ. KÒ^Œi <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiOÖ’ [iy# D Ãã·xHõ K«~°º#∞ áÈbã¨∞
Ü«∂Hõ<∆ ,£ PÑ¨~ˆ +¨<£ áÈÖ’ P `«~åfi`« PÑ¨~ˆ +¨<£ HÍ_»~ü Ñ¨Å~¡ Qü Í Jaè=i‚OKå~°∞. x*ÏO#∞
ÖÁOQÆnã≤ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ ~å*Ïºxfl ÉèÏ~°`« Ü«¸xÜ«∞<£Ö’ qb#O K≥Ü«∞º_»O, `≥ÅOQÍ}
™êÜ«Ú^èŒ Ô~·`åOQÆ áÈ~å\Ïxfl J}˜z"ÕÜ«∞_»O J<Õ Ô~_»∞ Hõ~°Î"åºÅ#∞ [#~°Öò KÒ^Œi
<åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiOÖ’x Ãã·<åºÅ∞ q[Ü«∞=O`«OQÍ Ñ¨ÓiÎ KÕâß~Ú. D „Hõ=∞OÖ’ ÅHõ∆Å∞,
"ÕÖÏk =∞Ok =Úã≤¡OÅ∞, Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ìÅ∞, J=∂Ü«∞‰õΩÅ∞ Ãã·#ºO KÕuÖ’ TK«HÀ`«‰õΩ
QÆ∞~°Ü«∂º~°∞. ''ã¨∞O^Œ~üÖÏÖò `«# x[x~åú~°} Hõq∞\˜—— iáÈ~°∞ìÖ’ D TK«HÀ`«Å#∞
x~åÌiOKå~°∞. HÍx D Hõq∞\˜ <Õ\ H˜ ˜ "≥Å∞QÆ∞ K«∂_»Ö^Ë ∞Œ . ~Ô `· åOQÆ áÈ~å@OÖ’ áêÖÁæ#fl
`≥ÅOQÍ} Ô~·`«∞ ‰õÄbÅ#∞, Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ìÅ#∞ ‰õÄ_® ÉèÏ~°`« Ãã·#ºO H˜~å`«HõOQÍ
Ç¨Ï`«=∂iÛOk. giÖ’ J`«ºkè‰õΩÅ∞ =Úã‘¡OÅ`À áê@∞ aã‘Å∞, Zã‘ûÖË LO_»@O
QÆ=∞<å~°›O.
1948 ÃãÃÑìO|~°∞ 13 #∞O_ç 18= `Õk =~°‰õΩ [iÑ≤# Ãã·xHõ K«~°º=Å¡ <≥·*ÏO
~å[ºO ÉèÏ~°`« Ü«¸xÜ«∞<£Ö’ qb#O J~ÚºOk. nO`À `≥ÅOQÍ} Ñïã≤÷u
áÈ~ÚÖ’Oz ÃÑ#O g∞^Œ‰õΩ ^Œ∂H˜#@∞¡ J~ÚºOk. 1956 #=O|~ü XHõ\ ˜ #∞O_ç
=∞m§ á⁄~ÚÖ’ Ñ¨_ç#@¡~ÚOk. JÑ¨Ê\˜ #∞O_ç J@∞ ˆHO„^ŒO W@∞ PO„^èŒO "å~°∞
`≥ÅOQÍ}#∞ "ÕÑ¨Ù‰õΩ uO@∞<åfl~°∞. ^ÀK«∞‰õΩ uO@∞<åfl~°∞.
J@∞ ÉèÏ~°`« „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO, W@∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} "å~°∞ H˘O^Œ~°∞ ÃãÃÑìO|~ü 17#∞ =∞~À
ã¨fi`«O„`«O Jx JO@∞<åfl~°∞. HÍx Jk ^Œ∞~å„Hõ=∞} `«Ñ¨Ê WOHÀ\˜ HÍ^Œx WÑ¨C_»∞
ã¨Ê+ì̈"≥∞ÿOk. =∞i H˘O^Œ~°∞ `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ q"≥∂K«# [iyO^ŒO\Ï~°∞. WOHÍ H˘O^Œ~°∞
q=ÚHÎ̃ [iyO^ŒO\Ï~°∞. JÑ¨C_»∞ q=ÚHÎ̃ [iy`Õ =∞m§ q=ÚHÎ̃x HÀ~°∞`«∞<åflˆ~q∞?
HÍx H˘O^Œ~°∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} L^Œº=∞HÍ~°∞Å∞ ÃãÃÑìO|~°∞ 17#∞ ^Œ∞~å„Hõ=∞} k#O Jk
=∂‰õΩ 'ÉÏ¡H± _Õ— Jx JO@∞<åfl~°∞.
P~°ºã¨=∂[O, P~ü.Zãπ.Zãπ. "å~°∞ nxfl =Úã‘¡OÅÃÑ· Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞=ÙÅ∞ ™êkèOz#
q[Ü«∞OQÍ ÉèÏq™êÎ~°∞. ã¨~åÌ~ü Ñ¨>ËÖò ‰õÄ_® W^Õ =∂@ J<åfl_»∞. JO^Œ∞ˆH a*ˇÑ≤
^•x J#∞|O^èŒ ãÖã¨÷Å∞ ÃãÃÑìO|~ü 17#∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} q"≥∂K«# k#OQÍ ÑÖ_»QÆ
[~°Ñ¨\ÏxH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ =KåÛ~Ú.
=Úã≤¡O ~åAÅ∞ x~°O‰õΩâ◊OQÍ áêe¿ãÎ, áêeOz LO\Ï~°∞. HÍx "å~°∞ WHõ¯_ç
ãÖÑ¨^Œ#∞ ^ÀK«∞‰õΩ áÈ=_®xH˜ "åiH˜ "Õˆ~ =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ ÖË^Œ∞. "å~°∞ D Éèí∂q∞<Õ
=∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. D <ÕÅ#∞ ¿ãqOKå~°∞. "åi QÀsÅ∞ WHõ¯_Õ L<åfl~Ú.
WHõ¯_ç ãÖÑ¨^Œ#∞ "å~°∞ ux LO\Ï~°∞, J#∞ÉèíqOz LO\Ï~°∞, HÍx ^ÀK«∞‰õΩ áÈÖË^Œ∞.
''^•^•Ñ¨Ù U_»∞ =O^ŒÅ UO_»¡Ö’ Ñ¨~°=∞`« Ñ¨~°„áêO`« áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} "åix
Zxfl W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ ÃÑ\ì̃O„_À, D Ü«∂Éè̌· UO_»¡Ö’ PO„^èÀà◊√§ JO`«Hõ<åfl Z‰õΩ¯= ÉÏ^èŒÅ∞
ÃÑ\ì̃O„_»∞, "≥∂ãÖ KÕã≤O„_»∞. ~åz ~°Oáê# ÃÑ\ì̃O„_»∞, ^ÀK«∞‰õΩ u<åfl~°∞—— Jx „Ñü
`≥ÅOQÍ} L^Œº=∞HÍ~°∞_»∞ ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl_»∞. 1948 ÃãÃÑìO|~ü 17 `«~åfi`« `≥ÅOQÍ}
"å~°∞ hÅO #∞O_ç ~Àâ◊Ü«∞º =~°‰õΩ JÖÏ „Ñü™êi "≥∂ã¨áÈ`«∂<Õ L<åfl~°∞. D
"≥∂™êxH˜ Ñ¨Ù<åk "Õã≤ „áê~°OaèOzOk. "Õ∞[~ü [#~°Öò [Ü«∞O`ü KÒ^Œi, P `«~åfi`«
=zÛ# "≥Ö’¡_ç „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO. g~°O^Œ~°∂ `≥ÅOQÍ} „^ÀÇ¨ïÖË.
qâßÖÏO„^èŒ#∞ XÑ¨C‰õΩx 1956Ö’ |∂~°∞æÅ ~å=∞Hõ$ëê‚~å=Ù, ~å=∂#O^Œf~°÷,
^Õ=ÙÅÑë¡ ~å=∂#∞[~å=Ù, *ˇ.q. #~°ã≤OQÆ~å=Ù, ~åq<å~åÜ«∞}Ô~_ç¤, áêQÆ Ñ¨ÙÖÏ¡Ô~_ç¤
`«k`«~°∞Å∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} K≥~°‰õΩ ÉÏ^èŒ∞ºÅÜ«∂º~°∞. Ô~_»¡ ÃÑ`«Î<åxfl ã¨Ç≤ÏOK«ÖËx |∂~°∞æÅ
~å=∞Hõ$ëê‚~å=Ù P<å_»∞ qâßÖÏO„^èŒ#∞ P"≥∂kOKå~°∞ J#flk Ñ¨Å∞=Ù~°∞ #"Õ∞‡
q+¨Ü«∞O. 1969 q^•ºi÷ áÈ~å@O `«~°∞"å`« K≥<åflÔ~_ç¤ WOHÀ™êi \’‰õΩ# "≥∂ãÖ
KÕã≤O_»∞. PÜ«∞#‰õΩ `«O^•#`å# J#fl "åiÖ’ <Õ\ ˜ "≥OHõ@™êfiq∞, ZOZãπ
ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}, =∞e¡MÏ~°∞˚<£, =∞^Œ<£"≥∂Ç¨Ï<£ `«k`«~°∞Å∞<åfl~°∞. JÖÏ `≥ÅOQÍ}#∞,
J=∞‡_»O ^•fi~å Z=Ô~=~°∂ UÜÕ∞ „Ñ¨Ü≥∂[#O á⁄O^•~À, á⁄O^Œ∞`«∞<åfl~À JO^ŒiH˜
`≥Å∞ã¨∞. ãÖÔQÅ ÅH˜∆ ‡ÉÏ~Ú `«k`«~°∞Å∞ P<å_»∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} HÀã¨"Õ∞ xeKå~°∞. HÍO„ÔQãπ
"å~°∞ HõO\˜#∂ºÜ«∞ãπQÍ JÖÏ "≥∂ãÖ KÕã¨∂Î<Õ L<åfl~°∞. W"åfieûOk, `Õ"åeûOk
"Õ∞"Õ∞ Jx HÍO„ÔQãπ "å~°∞ "åix "å~°∞ =OzOK«∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞. =∞^èŒºÖ’ XHõ F@∞
Ô~O_»∞ ~å„ëêìÅ∞ Jx a*ˇÑ≤ "å~°∞ "≥∂ãÖ KÕâß~°∞. `≥ÅOQÍ} ~åR ã¨q∞u WkQÀ
=KÕÛã≤Ok, JkQÀ =KÕÛã≤Ok JO@∞ J^Õ ÉÏ@Ö’ #_çzOk, #_»∞ã¨∞Î#flOk. áêÑÖ
`≥Å∞QÆ∞ ^Õâ◊O "å~°∞, LÉèíÜ«∞ Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ì áêsìÅ "å~°∞ "åi ^èÀ~°}˜x ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ<Õ
K≥|∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. =∂ ^ÕÇ¨Å∞ =ÚHõ¯Öˇ·# ~å¢ëêìxfl =ÚHõ¯Å∞ HÍx=fi=∞x "å~°∞ ã¨Ê+ì̈OQÍ<Õ
K≥|∞`«∞<åfl~°∞.
W\Ï¡ `≥ÅOQÍ} „Ñü™êi "≥∂™êxH˜ QÆ∞~°=Ù`«∞#flk. LÉèíÜ«∞‰õΩÅ PkèÑ¨`«ºOÖ’x
LÉèíÜ«∞ Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ì áêsìÅ∞ `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ KÕÜ«∂eû#O`« J<åºÜ«∞O KÕâß~Ú.
KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú. a*ˇÑ≤ "≥Úãë Hõhfl~°∞ HÍ~°∞Û‰õΩO@∞ q"≥∂K«# Ñ¨Å∞‰õΩÅ∞ Ñ¨Å∞‰õΩ`«∞Ok.
HÍ~°}ÏÅ∞ U"≥∞ÿ<å ã¨ˆ~ `≥ÅOQÍ} WOHÍ ãÖÔHà◊¡Ö’ |Onè J~Ú LOk. "å\˜x
`≥OKåe. HÍà’r J#fl@∞¡ ''Ô~O_»∞#fl~° lÖÏ¡ÖÖ’x Ô~O_»∞#fl~° ‰õΩÖÏÅ "å~°∞ D
~å„ëêìxfl áêeã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. D™êi „H˘`«ÎQÍ Hõ_»Ñ¨ lÖÏ¡Ö’x XHõ\ ˜ Ô~O_»∞ xÜ≥∂[Hõ=~åæÅ
"å~°∞ `≥ÅOQÍ}#∞ _˘Å¡ KÕâß~°∞. WÑ¨C_»∞ QÆ∞O@∂~°∞ HÀ=∞\ÏÜ«∞# xâ◊≈|ÌOQÍ J^ÕÑx¨
KÕã¨∞Î<åfl_»∞. JO^Œ∞ˆH `≥ÅOQÍ} „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ ~åRO U~°Ê_Õ =~°‰õΩ ÃãÃÑìO|~ü 17 `≥ÅOQÍ}
"åiH˜ ^Œ∞~å„Hõ=∞} k#"Õ∞, ^Œ∞iÌ#"Õ∞.
WÖÏ ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊OÖ’ HõÅ=_»O J<Õ JOâ◊`À<Õ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï‰õΩ J<åºÜ«∞O "≥Ú^ŒÖˇ·Ok.
PO„^è Œ ` À Hõ Å =_» O `À Jk =∞iO`« ÃÑiyOk. Jk <Õ \ ˜ H ˜ x~å@OHõ O QÍ
H˘#™êQÆ∞`«∞#flk. WÑ¨C_»∞ H˘`«ÎQÍ ~Àâ◊Ü«∞º KåÑ¨„HÕ^Œ h~°∞ÖÏ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï#∞ PÜ«∞#
lÖÏ¡ "åiH˜ ‰õΩÅã¨∞ÎÅ‰õΩ H˘O^ŒiH˜, |O^èŒ∞q∞„`«∞Å‰õΩ ^Àz ÃÑ_»∞Î<åfl_»∞.
ÑÖ^„ •QÆã‰ìπ Ωõ , K«cãƒ π [#=iH˜ =∞#‰õΩ ãÖ|O^èOŒ LO^•?
FÃÑ<£ "≥∞ÿO_£`À XHõ q+¨Ü«∂xfl Ñïje^•ÌO. `≥ÅOQÍ} ~å„ëêìxH˜ PQÆãπì 15‰õΩ
U"≥∞ÿ<å ãÖ|O^èŒO LO^•? 26 [#=iH˜ `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ ãÖ|O^èŒO Uq∞\˜? á⁄\˜ì
N~å=ÚÅ‰õΩ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï‰õΩ ãÖ|O^èŒO Uq∞\˜? 1948 ÃãÃÑìO|~ü 18# Hõ^• WHõ¯_»
<≥·*ÏO áêÅ# =Úyã≤Ok, x*ÏxH˜ #=O|~ü 1949 ^•Hõ áêÅ# <≥·*ÏO ¿Ñ~°∞
g∞^Œ∞QÍ<Õ ™êyOk, ÉèÏ~°`« áêÅ# "≥Ú^ŒÖˇ·Ok. PO„^èŒ∞Å∞, ÉèÏ~°`« áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞
K≥Ñ≤Ê#@∞¡QÍ Jk â◊√ÉèíÑï}Ï=∞"Õ∞ J#∞‰õΩO>Ë WHõ¯_ç "å~°∞ ÑÖ_»QÆ KÕã¨∞HÀ"åeûOk
ÃãÃÑìO|~ü 17= `Õn<å ÖËHõ 15 PQÆã¨∞ì ~ÀA#<À Ü≥∂zOK«O_ç? <åÅæ= `«~°QÆu
K«k"Õ PO„^èŒ áÈ~°_flç J_»∞QÆ∞^•=Ú. P ÉÏ|∞ UO K≥|∞`å_À J^Õ ã¨~Ú J#∞‰õΩO^•O.
J~°"≥· Uà◊¡ „H˜`«O =∂ `«O„_»∞Å Hõà◊§ =ÚO^Œ∞ [iy# ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#Å#∞ ‰õÄ_® =„H©Hõi¿ãÎ
ZÖÏ? Jx `≥ÅOQÍ} Ü«Ú=`« J_»∞QÆ∞`«∞#flk.
`≥ Å OQÍ} „Ñ¨ [ Å‰õ Ω 'Ñ¨ O „^•QÆ + ¨ µ ì ‰ õ Ω , K« c ƒãπ [#=iH˜ U"≥ ∞ ÿ < å— ã¨ O |O^è Œ O
LO^ŒO\Ï~å? ã¨ˆ~ ÉèÏ~°`üÖ’ qb#"≥∞ÿ# áêáêxH˜, ^ÀâßxH˜ "åi ÑÖ_»QÆ `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ
‰õÄ_® ÑÖ_»Q<Æ Õ J#∞‰õΩ<åfl, =∞i ÃãÃÑOì |~ü 17‰õΩ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ „áê^è•#º`« LO_»‰Äõ _»^∞Œ ?
Ñ¨Ó~°fiO <≥·*ÏO ~å[ºOÖ’ JO`«~åƒùQÆOQÍ L#fl Hõ#fl_» „áêO`åÅ∞ Hõ~å‚@HõÖ’ qb#O
JÜ«∂º~Ú. P „áêO`«OÖ’ Hõ~å‚@Hõ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO ÃãÃÑìO|~ü 17# JkèHÍiHõOQÍ qb#
L`«û"åxfl [~°∞Ñ¨Ù`å~°∞. „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi HÍ~åºÖÜ«∂Ö’¡ *ÏfÜ«∞ *ˇO_®#∞ ZQÆ∞~°"Õã≤, ã¨ÉèíÅ∞,
ã¨=∂"ÕâßÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜ì L`«û"åÅ∞ x~°fiÇ≤Ï™êÎ~°∞. =∞Ç¨~åRÖ’ P ~ÀA „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ HÍ~°º
„Hõ=∂Å∞, q"≥∂K«# k#O ¿Ñ~°∞`À LO\Ï~Ú. =∞s PO„^èŒ „Ñ¨^Õâò „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ D
ã¨Ê $Ç¨Ï ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ ÖË^Œ∞. "å~°∞ P„Hõ=∞} ^•~°∞Å∞ HÍ|\˜ì, JkèHÍ~åxfl "åˆ~ J#∞Éèí
qã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞ HÍ|\ì̃ D ~ÀA#∞, P ãÖ^Œ~åƒùxfl "å~°∞ =∞iÑ≤OK«^ŒÅK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. "åi
^Œ∞~å‡~åæÅ#∞ =∞#O „QÆÇ≤Ï™êÎ=∞<Õ ÉèíÜ«∞O`À D q+¨Ü«∂xfl ^•@"Õã¨∂Î, ^•zÃÑ_»∞`«∂,
=∞iÑ≤ã¨∂Î =KåÛ~°∞. JO^Œ∞ˆH =ÚYº=∞O„u ÔH. ~Àâ◊Ü«∞º H˘`«Î ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∂xfl <Õ_»∞
"≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ@ìÖË#∞ Jx ã¨<åfl~Ú <˘‰õΩ¯Å∞ <˘‰õΩ¯`«∞<åfl~°∞.
ãÖÑ¨#fl Kåi„`H« õ `≥ÅOQÍ}
`≥ÅOQÍ} K«i„`« Q˘Ñ¨Êk. Éè∫QÀoHõ ã¨fi~°∂ÑÖ Q˘Ñ¨Êk. WHõ¯_ç "å`å=~°}OK«
r"å=~°} Q˘Ñ¨Êq. Hõ$ëê‚, QÀ^•=i #^Œ∞Å =∞^èºŒ ÉèÏQÍ# _»H¯õ <£ Ñ‘~É°î ∂íè q∞Ö’ qãïÎ Oz
L#fl Éèí∂ÉèÏQÆO Wk. WHõ¯_ç "å`å=~°} Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å∞ Q˘Ñ¨Êq. WHõ¯_ç =∞\˜ìH˜ L#fl
[i‡<Õ+¨<£ ÔHáêã≤\ ˜ J^Œ∞ƒù`«=∞x =º=™êÜ«∞ âß¢ã¨Î"Õ`«ÎÅ∞ K≥|∞`å~°∞. WHõ¯_» "≥ÚeKÕ
K≥@∞ì KÕ=∞Å∞ Q˘Ñ¨Êq. WHõ¯_ç [O`«∞*ÏÅO qt+¨ì"≥∞ÿ#k. PkÖÏÉÏ^£, HõsO#QÆ~ü
lÖÏ¡Ö’¡ ~åHõã∆ |¨ e¡ J=âıëêÅ`À áê@∞ Pk=∂#=Ù_ç P#"åÅ∞¡ Z<Àfl Hõ#∞Q˘#|_®¤~Ú.
áê`«~åu Ü«ÚQÆO, H˘`«Î~åu Ü«ÚQÆO, W#∞Ñ¨ Ü«ÚQÆO, `˘e „QÍg∞} =º=ã¨÷,
Ñ¶¨∞}`«O„`« `˘e~å*ÏºÅ U~åÊ@∞ WÖÏ =∂#= <åQÆiHõ`«Ö’x Jxfl ^Œâ◊Å#∞
x~°O`«~åÜ«∞OQÍ K«qK«∂ã≤# <ÕÅ Wk. WHõ¯_» âß`«"åÇ¨Ï#, Kåà◊√Hõº, HÍHõfÜ«∞
`≥ÅOQÍ} lÖÏ¡Å∞ – *Ïw~°∞Å∞ – Q„ Í=∂Å∞
lÖÏ¡ `≥ÅOQÍ} „QÍ=∂Å∞ „QÍ=∂Å∞ P<å\˜ *Ïw~°∞Å∞
J„`åÑπ|ÖÏÌ 879 ÅHõ∆ ~°∂IIÅ P^•Ü«∞O QÆÅq 1
x*Ï=∂ÉÏ^£ 751 ÅHõ∆ Ü«∂Éè·ˇ "ÕÅ =∞^èºŒ 17
"≥∞^ŒH± 928 50–25,000 41
áêÅ=¸~°∞ 1429 25–12000 73
#Å¡Q˘O_» 1256 12–8000 76
=~°OQÆÖò 1472 8–4000 158
HõsO#QÆ~ü 1237 4–1000 475
PkÖÏÉÏ^£ 2143 1000–500 152
500 ~°∂. `«‰Ωõ ¯= 145
"≥Ú`«OÎ 10095
"≥Ú`«OÎ 1148
(WO^Œ∞Ö’ 596 Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞=ÙÅq, 550 =Úã≤O¡ Åq)
™ê„=∂*ÏºÅ∞ U~°Ê_®¤~Ú. „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’ ãÖÑ¨#∞fl_≥·# ~åA x*ÏO WHõ¯_ç "å_Õ. x*ÏO
ZHõ¯_ç ãÖÑ¨^Œ`À<À ãÖÑ¨#∞fl_»∞ HÍÖË^Œ∞. J`«x ãÖÑ¨^Œ WHõ¯_ç =∞#∞+¨µÅ ã¨$¿+ì.
WHõ¯_ç #k #^•ÅÖ’ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯Å"≥∞ÿ# h~°∞Ok. Éèí∂QÆ~°ƒùOÖ’ =„*ÏÅ∞, ÉÁQÆ∞æ, <åÑ¨~å~Ú,
„QÍ<≥·\ò, |™êÖòì „QÍ<≥·\ò, ÃÑÖòûá¶ê~ü, W#∞=Ú, ã≤eHÍ ÖÏO\˜ Yx*ÏÅ∞<åfl~Ú.
HÀ\Ï#∞HÀ@¡ qÅ∞= KÕ¿ã Ñ¨K«Û (*Ë_£) `À *ˇ·# f~°÷OHõ~°∞_»∞ =∞Ç¨g~°∞_ç q„QÆÇ¨xfl
KÕã≤ Ñ¨ÓlOz# <ÕÅ Wk. ^•xfl =ÚHõ¯Å∞ KÕã≤ "≥∞~°∞QÆ∞Å∞ ÃÑ\ì̃ J=Ú‡HÀHõ Ñ¨ÓlOz#
Ñ¨ Ù }º Éè í ∂ q∞ Wk. WHõ ¯ _ç Éè í ∂ YO_®Å∞ K≥ ~ ° ∞ =ÙÅ x~å‡}ÏxH˜ J`« º O`«
J#∞‰õÄÅ"≥∞ÿ#q. WHõ¯_ç J_»=ÙÅ∞ J^Œ∞ƒù`«"≥∞ÿ# =#º „áê}∞Å‰õΩ, =# =¸eHõÅ‰õΩ
„Ñ¨ã≤kú K≥O^•~Ú. <å}º"≥∞ÿ# WÑ¨Ê, =∞kÌ, >Ë‰õΩ, ~À*ò=Ù_£, K«O^Œ#O ÖÏO\˜ =$H∆ÍÅ‰õΩ
xÅÜ«∞O D Éè∂í q∞.
„Ñ¨Hõ$u „Ñ¨™êkOz# Jxfl ~°HÍÅ ã¨Ç¨Ï[=#~°∞Å`À áê@∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} "≥Ú`«ÎO
Éèí∂=∞O_»ÅO g∞^Œ<Õ =∂#= x"å™êxH˜ J`«ºO`« J#∞‰õÄÅ"≥∞ÿ# "å`å=~°}O L#fl
„Ñ¨^Õâ◊OQÍ xez LOk. WHõ¯_» ZO_», "å#, K«eHÍÖÏÅ∞, P~°∞ |∞∞`«∞=ÙÅ∞ ã¨=∞OQÍ
LO_ç, Z<Àfl ~°HÍÅ ÑÖ@Å∞ ÑÖ_çOK«_®xH˜ gÖˇ·<å suÖ’ LO\Ï~Ú. WHõ¯_» LÑ¨C
`«Ñ¨Ê Jxfl ~°HÍÅ k#∞ã¨∞Å∞ ÑÖ_»∞`å~Ú. WÖÏ Wk "≥Ú`«ÎO Éèí∂=∞O_»ÅO g∞^Œ<Õ
J^Œ∞ƒù`«"≥∞ÿ# Éèí∂q∞.
ã‘=∂O„^∞Œè Å Éè∂í q∞ ^ÀÑ≤_ô ÑÃ · ÇÃ Ï· HÀ~°∞ì "åºMºÅ∞

.(F@~ü iOQ∑ ~À_£ Éè∂í =ÚÅ f~°∞Ê#∞ =ÚyOKÕ =ÚO^Œ∞ ÃÇÏ· HÀ~°∞ì J#fl =∂@Å∞)
''ã¨Å÷ QÆÖÏ#∞`« Ô~ÇÖ_»Ïã¨∞QÎ `Æ ^ŒO« âßÉÏÌKÕãÅ∞¨ HÀQÆ∞QÍÅ ÃÇ·™ÈÎÏ^Œ=∞`«~åÉÏ^£QÆÅ #Ü«#QÆ∂~°Oã¨Ö’OÑ¨#„Ñ¨fl^=~°è•#,Oæ ã¨ÉÏQÍOÑ¨#ÃÑfl ~°„áêO`åÖ’¡
∞QÆ∞`ÀOk.
ÅH∆ÍkèHÍ~°∞Å #∞Oz HÀ\©â◊fi~°∞Å∞QÍ Ñï}q∞ã¨∞Î#fl "å~°O`å ‰õÄ_® „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜
ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`«OQÍ =∞ã¨Å∞`«∂, P JkèHÍ~° ™êxflÇ≤Ï`åºxfl `«=∞‰õΩ J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ
=∂~°∞Û‰õΩO@∞#fl "åˆ~. giÖ’ H˘O^Œ~∞° J<åÜ«∂ãÖQÍ =zÛ# P ãÖáê^Œ# ™êÜ«∞O`À
~å[H©Ü∞« Ñ¨^=Œ ÙÅ#∞ ™êkèOK«∞‰õΩx, ^•xfl `«=∞ ãÖÑ¨^#Œ ∞ xÅÉˇ@∞ì HÀ=\ÏxH˜, =∞ixfl
~Ô @∞¡ ÃÑOK«∞HÀ=\ÏxH˜ qxÜ≥∂yOK«∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞. Éè∂í ¿ãHõ~} ° J#flk „Ñ¨^•è #OQÍ
™ê=∂lHõ ãÖHˆ =∆ ∞O, ™ê=∂lHõ <åºÜ«∞O ÅHõ∆ ºOQÍ ™êQÍeû# „Hõ`∞« =Ù. HÍh ^•xfl
WÑ¨C_»∞ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`«OQÍ "≥∞eˆQ "å~°O`å ‰õÄ_®. `«=∞ Pã¨∞ÎÅ∞, Pã¨∞ÎÅ
^èŒ~°Å∞ ÃÑOK«∞HÀ=\ÏxH˜ XHõ ™ê^èŒ#OQÍ =∂~°∞Û‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞. J#u HÍÅOÖ’<Õ
|OQÍ~åxfl q∞OzáÈ~Ú ^è~Œ ° ÑëHˆ J=HÍâ◊O L#fl Éè∂í =ÚÅ#∞ `«=∞ Ç¨ÏãÎ̈Q`Æ O«
KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ =∂~°Oæ QÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞.
——
(D<å_»∞ k#Ñ¨„uHõ, ¿Ñl–5, 10–9–2010)
qb<åxfl =ºuˆ~HÕz# ZãπP~üã≤
1954 E<£Ö’ ~å„ëêìÅ Ñ¨Ù#ifiÉèí[# ãÖÑ¶¨∞O (ZãπP~üã≤) U~°Ê_çOk. nxH˜ Ñ¶¨[Öò
Jb, Kè≥·~°‡<£ HÍQÍ Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞<å^ä£ ‰õΩO„A, Ñ¶¨}˜Hõ¯~üÅ∞ ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞QÍ L<åfl~°∞. g~°∞
=ÚQÆ∞æ~°∞ qA˝ÖË. nxfl K«i„`« `≥eÜ«∞x <Õ\ ˜ =¸~°ö HÍO„ÔQãπ "å~°∞ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ZãπP~üã≤
Jx JO@∞<åfl~°∞. Wk ZãπP~üã≤ =∂„`«"Õ∞. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜k HÍ^Œ∞. g∞~°∞ ^•xfl "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜
ZãπP~üã≤ JO>Ë `≥ÅOQÍ} PÑ¨_»O HÀãÖ Ô~O_»= ZãπP~üã≤ "Õ™êÎO JO>Ë `≥ÅOQÍ}
áœ~°∞Å∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} HÀãÖ Ô~O_À ™êfi`«O„`«º áÈ~å@O KÕ™êÎO JO\Ï~°∞. g∞ áêsì`À,
ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊OÖ’ =∂ˆHO\˜ ãÖ|O^èŒO Jx JO\Ï~°∞. P x"ÕkHõÖ’ `≥ÅOQÍ} „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ
~åROQÍ LO_®Åx ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ K≥áêÊ~°∞ (1955 ÃãÃÑìO|~°∞ 30# ãÖÑ¶¨∞O ˆHO„^Œ
„Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ x"ÕkHõ#∞ ã¨=∞iÊOzOk).
=∞~åsî ÉèÏ+¨ =∂\Ï¡_Õ „áêO`åÅ#∞ =∞Ç¨~åRÖ’ qb#O KÕÜ«∂Åx Hõ#fl_» =∂\Ï¡_Õ
„áêO`åÅ#∞ Hõ~å‚@HõÖ’ qb#O KÕã≤, `≥Å∞QÆ∞ =∂\Ï¡_Õ (c^Œ~ü`À ã¨Ç¨) „áêO`åÅ`À
J#QÍ Ñ¨k lÖÏ¡ÅÅ`À `≥ÅOQÍ} ~å„ëêìxfl JÖÏˆQ LOKåÅx ãÖÑ¶¨∞O ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ
ã¨∂zOzOk. ^•x ¿Ñ~°∞ ''ÃÇ·Ï„^•ÉÏ^Œ∞ ~åROQÍ—— LO_®Åx K≥Ñ≤ÊOk. J~Ú`Õ
''1961 ™ê^è•~°} ZxflHõÅ `«~åfi`« J#QÍ S^Œ∞ ãÖ=`«û~åÅ
`«~åfi`« ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞ ~åR #∂`«# JÃãOc¡Ö’x 2/3 =O`«∞
"≥∞*Ïsì ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞ qb<åxH˜ HÀ~°∞‰õΩO>Ë qâßÖÏO„^èŒ#∞ U~åÊ@∞
KÕã¨∞HÀ=K«Ûx—— K≥Ñ≤ÊOk.
D x~°‚Ü«∞O#∞ ÃÇ·Ï„^•ÉÏ^Œ∞ ~åR JÃãOc¡ =∂„`«"Õ∞ fã¨∞HÀ"åÅx x"ÕkHõÖ’ ã¨Ê+ì̈OQÍ
ã¨∂zOKå~°∞. J~Ú<å 1050Ö’ `≥ÅOQÍ} qb#O ZÖÏ [iyOk?
qâßÖÏO„^èŒ „Ñüáê^Œ# =zÛ#Ñ¨C_»∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} #∞O_ç XHõ „Ñüxkè =~°æO _èçb¡ "≥o§
JÑ¨Ê\˜ Ç¨ÏŸO q∞xãì̈~`ü À qb#O J}˜z"Õ`‰« Ωõ =#~°∞Å ^ÀÑ≤_Hç ,˜ Éè∂í =ÚÅ P„Hõ=∞}‰õΩ
^•i fã¨∞ÎO^Œx K≥Ñ≤Ê<å PÜ«∞# J~°÷O KÕã¨∞HÀÖË^Œ∞. D =º`åº™êÅ QÆ∞iOz <≥„Ç¨˙
QÍiH˜ ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ `≥eÜ«∞@O =Å¡<Õ qâßÖÏO„^èŒ PÖ’K«# "≥#∞Hõ ''^Œ∞~å„Hõ=∞}À^ÕÌâ◊
„¿Ñi`« ™ê„=∂[º"å^Œ `«`Î« fiO—— ^•y LOk Jx "åºMÏºxOKå~°∞.
KÕãO≤ k Ñ≤ã~¨ O° `«, fã¨∞‰õΩ#flk H˘O_»O`«
Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ì PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} „Ñ¨[Å#∞ =∂Ü«∞ KÕâß~°∞. Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ìÅ∞ H˘O^Œ~°∞
~°*ÏHÍ~°¡#∞ xÅ∞=iOK«_»OÖ’ `≥ÅOQÍ} "åiH˜ H˘O`« ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOKå~°∞ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOz#
H˘O^Œi ã¨Ç¨Ü«∂xfl, `åºQÍxfl J_»∞¤QÍ ÃÑ\˜ì `«~åfi`« =zÛ# PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ JO^Œ∞‰õΩ

"ÕÅ–ÅHõ∆Å Ô~@∞¡ JkèHõ „Ñ¨Ü≥∂[#O á⁄O^•~°∞. Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ì áêsì "å~°∞ PO„^èŒ
„áêO`«O "åiH˜ áêsì HÍ¡ã¨∞Ö’¡ `≥ÅOQÍ} "≥à◊§=∞x „Ñ¨`ÕºHõOQÍ L^ÀƒkèOKå~°∞.
™êH∆Í`«∞Î Ñ¨ÙK«ÛÅÑë¡ ã¨∞O^Œ~°~åq∞Ô~_ç¤ ‰õÄ_® áêsì g∞\ÕQ∑Ö’¡ D =∂@Å∞ K≥¿ÑÊ"å~°∞.
`≥ÅOQÍ} Éèí∂=ÚÅ∞ =∞Ozq, KÒHõQÍ L<åflÜ«∞x K≥Ñ≤Ê "åix `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï g∞kH˜
=Ùã≤Q˘ÖÏÊ~°∞. giÖ’ XHõ ‰õΩÅO "å~°∞ JkèHõOQÍ LO_»@O Ü«∂^Œ$tÛHõO HÍ<Õ HÍ^Œ∞.
nx<Õ `≥ÅOQÍ} "å~°∞ ‰õΩ„@ Ñ¨Ói`« ^Œ∞~å„Hõ=∞} JO@∞<åfl~°∞. ™ê„=∂[º "å^Œ
^èÀ~°}˜ J=Ù`«∞O^Œx ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ JÑ¨Ê\˜ ÉèÏ~°`« „Ñ¨^è•x <≥„Ç¨˙ ‰õÄ_» J<åfl~°∞.
Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ì áêsì HÍ~°ºHõ~°ÎÅ∞QÍ, áêsì ™ê#∞Éèí∂uÑ¨~°∞Å∞QÍ Z„~°[O_® „HÕ^Œ, ã¨∞uÎ
H˘_»=e ™êH˜∆QÍ "å~°∞ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï „QÍ=∂ÅÖ’H˜ K˘K«∞Û‰õΩ =KåÛ~°∞. J=∂Ü«∞‰õΩÖˇ·#
`≥ÅOQÍ}Ï Ô~·`«∞Å Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ P„Hõq∞OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. =ÚYºOQÍ ~å[^è•x K«∞@∞ì
„Ñ¨H¯õ Å D P„Hõ=∞} Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ ™êyOk. "åix =∂Ü«∞KÕã≤ uÜ«∞º\˜ =∂@Å∞ K≥ÑÊ≤
"åi Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ P„Hõq∞OK«∞ ‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. `≥ÅOQÍ} "å~°∞ ^•^•Ñ¨Ù S^Œ∞ =O^ŒÅ
Uà◊√§, Ñ¨~°ÉèÏ+¨ Ñ¨~°=∞`« ~åAÅ UÅ∞|_çÖ’ L<åfl~°∞. "å~°∞ Ö∫HõºO `≥eÜ«∞x
J=∂Ü«∞Hõ Ô~·`«∞Å∞. Éèí∂q∞ Ç¨Ï‰õΩ¯Å∞, Éèí∂q∞ K«@ì|^ŒÌOQÍ ã¨fiO`«O KÕã¨∞HÀ=_»O
ÖÏO\˜ PÖ’K«#Å∞ "åiH˜ ÖË=Ù. nxfl Pã¨~å KÕã∞¨ H˘x „a\˜ëêO„^è∞Œ Å∞ "åi Éè∂í =ÚÅ#∞
KÒHõQÍ, Lz`«OQÍ ^˘ÉËƒâß~°∞. P„Hõq∞OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. Hõ=¸ºx[O ¿Ñ~°∞`À PO„^èŒ∞Å∞
q+¨Ñ¨Ùl`«∞ÎÅ∞, Pi÷Hõ q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ K«Hõ¯QÍ J~°÷O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. "åi `≥eq `Õ@Å`À
`≥ Å OQÍ}Ï Ô ~ · ` « ∞ Å#∞ =∂Ü« ∞ KÕ ã ≤ "åi Éè í ∂ =ÚÅ#∞ L^ÀºQÍÅ#∞, ã¨ fi O`« O
KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. =#~°∞Å#∞ ^ÀÑ≤_ç KÕâß~°∞. WO^Œ∞Ö’ U `≥ÅOQÍ} "åkH˜ H˘OK≥O
‰õÄ_® J#∞=∂#O ÖË^Œ∞. JÖÏ "å~°∞ "≥Ú^Œ@ ~å[H©Ü«∂Å#∞ `«~åfi`« Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞,
=#~° ∞ Å#∞ P `« ~ åfi`« ã¨ O ã¨ ¯ $u ÃÑ· ^•_ç K Õ â ß~° ∞ . `≥ Å OQÍ}#∞ Éè ∫ uHõ O QÍ
P„Hõq∞OKå~°∞, ^Œ∞~å„Hõ=∞} KÕâß~°∞.
Jáê~°"≥∞ÿ# ÉÁQÆ∞æ, ã≤eHÍ, „QÍ<≥·\ò, ã¨∞#flÑ¨Ù~å~Ú, h\˜ xÅfiÅ∞#fl ^Õâ◊O <≥·*ÏO. P
<å\˜H© *ÏfÜ«∞O KÕã#≤ =„[Ñ¨Ù QÆ#∞Å∞#fl ^ÕâO◊ Jk. <≥*· ÏO +¨µQÆ~ûü , P[O*ÏÇ≤Ïq∞Å∞¡,
ã¨~ãü Å≤ ∞¯, P*Ï=∂ÉÏ^£ WO_»„ã‘Ü ì ∞« Öò UiÜ«∂, L™ê‡xÜ«∂ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O, ÃÇÏ· HÀ~°∞,ì
@OHõâßÅ, Pã¨∞Ñ¨„u, ÉÏˆQP"£∞, Pã¨Ñ¶≤Ü«∂ Öˇ·„|i ÖÏO\˜ Ç¨ÏOQÆ∞Å`À, x*ÏO ™êQÆ~ü,
~å=∞Ñ¨Ê, ÖÏO\˜ ÉèÏs [Å=#~°∞Å∞#fl „áê*ˇ‰õΩìÅ∞, "ÕÖÏk ^Œâ◊|O^Œ K≥~°∞=ÙÅ
x~å‡}O`À ^•^•Ñ¨Ù 10 ÅHõ∆Å ZHõ~åÅ∞ ™êQÆ=Ù`«∞#fl ãÖÑ¨#fl ã¨ã¨ºâßº=∞Å ^Õâ◊O
`≥ÅOQÍ}Ï. Jáê~°"≥∞ÿ# J@g, [Å, =∂#= =#~°∞Å∞#fl ^Õâ◊OQÍ ‰õÄ_® QÆ∞iÎOÑ¨Ù
á⁄OkOk. 1920Ö’ =∞Ç¨~åRÖ’x ãÖÑ¶¨∞ ãÖã¨¯~°Î =∞Ç¨`å‡ *’ºuÉÏÑ¨ÓÖË JÑ¨Ê\˜
"≥·ãπ~åÜü∞‰õΩ ã¨=∞iÊOz# q#u Ñ¨„`«OÖ’ `«=∞ á⁄~°∞QÆ∞ ^Õâ◊O <≥·*ÏOÖ’ h\˜
„áê*ˇ‰õΩìÅ x~å‡}Ïxfl, "å\˜ qt+¨ì`«#∞ L@OH˜ã¨∂Î JÖÏO\˜ „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ∞ „a\˜+π
WO_çÜ«∂Ö’ [~°QÆ@O ÖË^Œx q=iOKå~°∞.
nxH˜ `À_»∞ L™ê‡xÜ«∂ Pã¨∞Ñ¨„u, Ec¡Ç¨Öò, ÃÇ·ÏHÀ~°∞ì, ™êÖÏ~ü[OQ∑ =¸ºlÜ«∞O,
ÃÑ·QÍáê¡*Ï, KÒ=∞Ç¨ÏÖÏ¡ áêºÖËãπ, Ñ¶¨ÅH±#∞=∂ á¶êºÖˇãπ ÖÏO\˜ „Ñüëêì`«‡Hõ x~å‡}ÏÅ∞
P<å_»∞ D #QÆ~°OÖ’ Z<Àfl L<åfl~Ú. _èçb¡Ö’ L#fl 'ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ Ç¨Ï∫ãπ— „Ñ¨â◊ã≤Î
ZO`« Q˘Ñ¨Ê^À JO^Œ~°∂ Ziy#^Õ. L^•º#=<åÅ∞, JO_»~ü„Q“O_£ „_»~Ú<Õl, Q˘\ÏìÅ
^•fi~å =∞Ozh~°∞, =∂Ô~¯@∞¡, Jukä QÆ$Ç¨Å`À fiÛkkÌ#@∞¡#fl #QÆ~°O ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£.
„QÍg∞} „áêO`åÖ’¡ XHõ¯ K≥qH˜ 17–20 ~°HÍÅ |OQÍ~°∞ PÉèí~°}ÏÅ∞ ^èŒiOKÕ „ã‘Î
=¸~°∞ÎÅ∞#fl ãÖÑ¨#fl <åQÆiHõ ^Õâ◊O <≥·*ÏO. â◊=Ü«∂„`«Ö’¡ â◊"åÅÃÑ· |OQÍ~°∞, "≥O_ç
Ñ¨ÓÅ#∞, =Ú`åºÅ#∞ K«ÖË¡ ^Õâ◊O Wk. D ^Õâ◊O#∞ 1948 ÃãÃÑìO|~ü 17# ÉèÏ~°`«
^Õâ◊O =∂Ü«∞ KÕã≤ `«#Ö’ qb#O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#flk. áÈbãπ PHõ∆<£¿Ñ~°∞`À Ãã·<åºxfl <≥·*ÏO
^Õâ◊OÖ’H˜ #_çÑ≤ã¨∂Î âßOu^Œ∂`« <≥„Ç¨˙ U=∞<åfl_»O>Ë ''<≥·*ÏO ^Õâßxfl P„Hõq∞OKÕ
L^ÕÌâ◊ºO ÉèÏ~°`«^ÕâßxH˜ ÖË^Œ∞. JHõ¯_» ÉÏ^èŒº`«Ü«Ú`« „Ñ¨*Ï „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixfl U~°ÊiÛ ÉèÏ~°`«
™êÜ«Ú^Œ ^ŒàÏÅ∞ "≥#H˜¯ =™êÎ~Ú—— Jx J<åfl~°∞. JK«ÛO Ç≤Ï@¡~,ü *Ïi˚|∞+π, aÖòHO¡˜ @<£,
ÉÏ~åH± XÉÏ=∂Å ÉèÏ+¨ Jk. P `«~åfi`« [iy# Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å∞ JO^ŒiH˜ `≥eã¨#"Õ.
áÈbã¨∞ PHõ∆<£ ¿Ñ~°∞`À Ãã·<åºxfl kOÑ≤, "≥Ú^Œ@ PÑ¨ˆ~+¨<£ áÈÖ’ J<åfl~°∞, `«~åfi`«
PÑ¨ˆ~+¨<£ 'HÍ@~üÑ≤Å¡~ü— Jx J<åfl~°∞. "≥Ú`«ÎO g∞^Œ <≥·*ÏO ^Õâßxfl ^Ò~°˚#ºOQÍ
qb#O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. 'HÍ@~ü Ñ≤Å¡~ü— JO>Ë Q˘OQÆo Ñ¨Ù~°∞QÆ∞ Wk ÖË`« zQÆ∞à◊§#∞
K≥@∞ì‰õΩ#fl P‰õΩÅ#∞ u<Õ p_» Ñ¨Ù~°∞QÆ∞. "≥Ú`«ÎO K≥@∞ìÖ’x ~°™êxfl Ñ‘eÛ |eã≤ ~°∂Ñ¨
q„H˜Ü«∞ K≥O^Œ∞`«∞Ok. JK«ÛO HÍ@~ü Ñ≤Å¡~ü ÖÏˆQ J@∞ ÉèÏ~°`ü, W@∞ PO„^èŒ∞Å∞
HõÅã≤ `≥ÅOQÍ}#∞ Ñ‘eÛ Ñ‘eÛ ZO_»QÆ\ ì̃ "å~°∞ |e™ê~°∞, |Å∞ã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. `≥ÅOQÍ}
"å~°∞ ZO_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞.
`≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ ~Ô O_»∞ ÉÏ¡H± _ÕÅ∞!
P„Hõq∞OK«∞‰õΩ#fl <≥·*ÏO ^Õâ◊O#∞ 1956Ö’ =¸_»∞ =ÚHõ¯Å∞QÍ q_»Q˘\ì̃ XHõ =ÚHõ¯#∞
Hõ~å‚@HõÖ’, XHõ =ÚHõ¯#∞ =∞Ç¨~åRÖ’, =∞~À =ÚHõ¯#∞ PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^ÕâòÖ’ Hõeáê~°∞.
PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^ÕâòÖ’ Hõeã≤# ÉèÏQÆ"Õ∞ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï, JÖÏ 1948Ö’ x*ÏO #∞O_ç Ñ¨~ånè#O
J~Ú# `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï 1956Ö’ PO„^èŒ∞Å áêÅÑ¨_»¤k. JO^Œ∞ˆH #=O|~ü XHõ\ ˜x ‰õÄ_®
`≥ÅOQÍ}Ï "å~°∞ H˘O^Œ~°∞ ÉÏ¡H± _ÕQÍ, q„^ÀÇ¨Ï k#OQÍ áê\˜ã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. =∞iH˘O^Œ~°∞
`≥ÅOQÍ} "å^Œ∞Å∞ ÃãÃÑìO|~ü 17#∞ ‰õÄ_® 'ÉÏ¡H± _Õ— Jx JO\Ï~°∞. D Ô~O_»∞
~ÀAÅ∞ `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ ÉÏ¡H± _ÕÖË.
Ãã·#ºO, q^Õj=º=Ç¨~åÅ∞, HõÔ~xû =∂„`«"Õ∞ ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊O Jnè#OÖ’ LO\Ï~Ú, W`«~°
=º=Ç¨Ï~åÅ∞xflO\˜Ö’ g∞‰õΩ ã¨~°fi ã¨fi`«O„`«O LO@∞Ok Jx <≥„Ç¨˙ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO P<å_»∞
#=∞‡|eHÕk. P `«~åfi`« U"≥∞ÿO^À =∞#O^ŒiH˜ `≥Å∞ã¨∞. `≥ÅOQÍ} Jã≤Î`åfixfl
zk"Õ∞ã≤ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï "åix aK«ÛQÍà◊√§QÍ =∂~°∞ã¨∞#Î flk. WO^Œ∞Ö’ ÉèÏ~°`« „Ñ¨É∞íè `åfixk,
=Å™êO„^èŒ∞Å áê„`« ãïã¨=∂#OQÍ LOk.
ã¨fi`«O„`« <≥·*ÏO ^Õâßxfl ÉèÏ~°`ü J<åºÜ«∞OQÍ q∞OˆQã≤O^Œ#flk `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï "å^Œ∞Å
Ñ¶≤~åº^Œ∞. J@∞ ÉèÏ~°`ü Hõ|O^èŒ Ç¨Ï™êÎÅÖ’¡ W@∞ |k~åO^Œ∞Å KÕ`«∞Ö’¡ `≥ÅOQÍ}
„áêO`«O |Ok J~ÚºO^Œ#flk `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï "åi P~ÀÑ¨}. JÑ¨Ê\˜ #∞O_ç `≥ÅOQÍ}#∞
J@∞ ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊O, W@∞ PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ Ñ‘eÛ Ñ‘eÛ Ñ≤Ñ≤Ê Ñ≤Ñ≤Ê KÕâß~°∞, KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞,
KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. `≥ÅOQÍ}#∞ K≥~°Ñ¨\ ì̃ z„`«qz„`« Ñ¨^Œú`«∞Ö’¡ PO„^èŒ∞Å∞, ÉèÏ~°`« „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO
WHõ¯_ç =#~°∞Å#∞ ^ÀÑ≤_ç KÕã¨∞Î#flk. "≥#∞Hõ #∞O_ç =ÚO^Œ∞ #∞O_ç xÅ∞=ÙQÍ J_»¤OQÍ
WÖÏ Jxfl ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ ^ÀÑ≤_ç KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. ^•x Ñ¶ë`«OQÍ<Õ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’ ¿Ñ^ŒiHõO,
x~°∞^ÀºQÆO, Jq^Œº, Ô~·`«∞Å P`«‡Ç¨Ï`«ºÅ∞, QÆ∞~°∞Î`≥eÜ«∞x â◊"åÅ∞, Éèí∂=ÚÅ
Ñ¨ ~ å~¸Hõ ~ ° } , KÕ u =$`« ∞ Î Å x~å^è Œ ~ ° } , ã¨ Ç ¨ Ï [ =#~° ∞ Å ^ÀÑ≤ _ ô Ü« ∞ ^Õ K « Û QÍ
™êyáÈ`«∞#flk. `«`ü Ñ¶ë`«"Õ∞ Ô~·`«∞Å, <Õ`«#flÅ P`«‡Ç¨Ï`«ºÅ∞.
„Ñ¨`ÕºHõ `≥ÅOQÍ} ~åRO U~åÊ@∞ D ^ÀÑ≤_çx H˘O`« xÅ∞=iã¨∞ÎO^Œ#flk „Ñü
`≥ÅOQÍ} "åk L^ÕÌâ◊ºO. HÍx nxfl PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ ÉèÏ~°`« „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO Ñ¨\ ì̃OK«∞ HÀ=_»O
ÖË^Œ∞. ÃÑ·QÍ `≥ÅOQÍ} "åi _ç=∂O_£#∞ ZQÆã¨ÔH¯O KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. Ñïã≤÷u WÖÏˆQ
H˘#™êy`Õ `≥ÅOQÍ} "å~°∞ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ ~å„ëêìxfl HÍ^Œ∞ "Õ~°∞ ^Õâßxfl J_»QÆ=K«∞Û.
1947–48 <å\˜ ã≤÷ux "å~°∞ HÀ~°=K«∞Û. J~°"≥· Uà◊§ ÉÏQÀ`«O WHõ KåÅ∞ =∞=∞‡efl
"Õ∞O ÑïáêeOK«∞H˘\Ï=Ú, HÍj‡~ü ‰õΩ#fl@∞=O\˜ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ „ÑüÑüÎ =∂‰õΩ HÍ"åe
Jx J_»QÆ=K«∞Û. ÉèÏ~°`« „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixfl '`«™ê‡`ü *Ï„QÆ`«Î— Jx ÃÇÏK«Ûiã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. =∞~À
HÍj‡~ü#∞, WOHÀ =∞}˜Ñ¨Ó~ü#∞, `«q∞à◊ DÅO#∞ ã¨$+≤ìOK«=^ŒÌx "å~°∞ ã¨∂zã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞.
`≥ÅOQÍ}Ï Éè∂í =ÚÅ<Õ J=Ú‡`åÔ~O^Œ∞‰õΩ?
ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ K«∞@∂ì =O^Œ H˜Ö’ g∞@~°¡ ÑïkèÖ’ qãÎ̈iOz# iÜ«∞Öò Z¿ãì\ò "åºáê~°O
=Å¡ zuH˜# Ô~·`«∞Å∞, =∞^èŒº `«~°QÆu `≥ÅOQÍ} "åÔ~O^Œ~°∞? HÀ@¡‰õΩ Ñ¨_»QÆÖˇuÎ#
PO„^èŒ, ã‘=∞ „É’Hõ~°∞¡ ZO^Œ~°∞? „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi"Õ∞ ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ WHõ¯_ç Éèí∂=ÚÅ∞ J=Ú‡`«∂
P _»|∞ƒ#∞ PO„^èŒ ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞Ö’¡ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ Y~°∞Û KÕã∞¨ #Î flk? L^ÀºQÍÅ#∞, =#~°∞Å#∞
H˘Å¡ Q˘\ì̃Ok KåÅHõ Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ ‰õÄ_® WÖÏ `≥QÆ#=∞‡_»O J<åºÜ«∞O HÍ^•? nxfl
Z=~°∞ xÅ∞=iOKåe?
~å[ºÑ¨Ù Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ S^Õà◊√§ áêeOK«_®xH˜ =zÛ# `«∞K«Û „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfiÅ∞ ZÖÏ
`≥QÆ#=Ú‡`å~Ú? Wk J^èŒ~°‡O, J<åºÜ«∞O HÍ^•? WÖÏO\˜ ^ÀÑ≤_ç QÆ`«OÖ’ U
HÍÅOÖ’#∞, U ^Õâ◊OÖ’#∞ [~°QÆÖË^Œ∞. Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ J"Õ∞‡O`«\ ˜ ^Œ∞~å‡~åæxfl â◊„`«∞^Õâ◊O
‰õÄ_® `«ÅÃÑ@ì^Œ∞. J"≥∞iHÍ W~åH±Ö’x ÃÑ„\’eÜ«∂xfl ^ÀK«∞‰õΩO@∞#flk HÍx ÉÏQÍÌ^£
Ñïã¨~° Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ q^Õj HõOÃÑhÅ‰õΩ J=∞‡_»O ÖË^Œ∞. â◊„`«∞ ^ÕâßÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® WÖÏ
KÕÜ«∞=Ù. â◊„`«∞ ^ÕâßÅ∞ P„Hõq∞OK«∞H˘#fl ^Õâ◊OÖ’ ã≤i ãÖÑ¨^Œefl ^ÀK«∞‰õΩO\Ï~Ú
HÍh WÖÏ Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ J=∞‡=Ù. JÖÏ „a\˜+π "å~°∞ Jq∞‡ LO>Ë, HÀÖòHõ`åÎ, =∞„^•ã¨∞,
ÉÁOÉÏ~Ú, _èçb¡ ÖÏO\˜ #QÆ~åÅ∞ Ug =∞#‰õΩ <Õ_»∞ q∞ye LO_Õq HÍ=Ù? ^•^•Ñ¨Ù
Ô~O_»∞ =O^ŒÅ Uà◊√§ P„Hõq∞OK«∞H˘x ~å[ºO KÕã≤# „a\˜+π "å~°∞ XHõ¯ ZHõ~åxfl
‰õÄ_® J=∞‡ÖË^Œ∞. <åÅ∞QÆ∞ =O^ŒÅ Uà◊§ ÃÑ·QÍ ~å[ºO KÕã≤# "≥ÚÑ¶¨∞Öò ~åAÅ∞
XHõ¯ QÆ[O Éèí∂q∞x ‰õÄ_® ZHõ¯_®, Z=iH© J=∞‡ ÖË^Œ∞. 236 Uà◊√§ áêeOz#
‰õΩ`«∞Éò ëêÇ‘ÏÅ∞, Jã¨Ñ¶π*ÏÇ‘ÏÅ∞ XHõ¯ QÆ∞O@ Éèí∂q∞x J=∞‡ ÖË^Œ∞. =∞i D PO„^èŒ
ã‘=∞ áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ J=Ú‡`«∞<åfl~°∞? ^˘OQÆÅ=ÖË
Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ ^˘Oyeã¨∞Î<åflˆ~q∞?
„Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfiÅ‰õΩ Éèí∂q∞ J"Õ∞‡ Ç¨Ï‰õΩ¯ ZHõ¯_çk. P Éèí∂=ÚÅxfl ~å*Ïºxq Hõ^•? ~å[ºÑ¨Ù
Éèí∂=ÚÅ∞ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfiÅ∞ J=∞‡‰õÄ_»^Œx ÃÇ·ÏHÀ~°∞ì, ã¨∞„Ñ‘O HÀ~°∞ì ~°∂eOQ∑Å∞#flq Hõ^•?
=¸~°∞öÅ‰õΩ ~å*ÏºxH˜ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ =∞^èŒº L#fl `Õ_® ‰õÄ_® `≥eÜ«∞^Œ∞. P =¸~°∞öÅ∞
=ÚYº=∞O„`«∞Å∞ JÜ«∂º~°∞ HÍ|>Ëì Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ J=Ú‡`«∞<åfl~°∞. `≥ÅOQÍ}ÏÖ’x
Éèí∂=ÚÅ<Õ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ J=Ú‡`«∞<åfl~°∞. ''^˘OQÆÅ∞ ^˘OQÆÅ∞ T~°∞¡ ÑÖK«∞H˘<åfl~°∞——
J<Õ ™ê"≥∞`« ÖÏQÍ g~°∞ ~°OQÍÔ~_ç¤ lÖÏ¡ T~°¡‰õΩ T~°¡<Õ q∞OˆQã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. Éˇ["å_»,
qâßY, u~°∞ÑüÖ’¡ WO`Õ qÅ∞"≥·# Éèí∂=ÚÅ∞<åfl~Ú Hõ^• =∞i "å\˜x ZO^Œ∞Hõx
J=∞‡_»O ÖË^Œ∞, "ÕÅO "ÕÜ«∞_»O ÖË^Œ∞? JHõ¯_» H˘xfl áê¡@¡#∞ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï "åiH˜
i[~üfi KÕÜ«∞ˆ~q∞?
Jã¨Å∞ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfiÅ∞ Éèí∂=ÚÅ∞ J=∞‡‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. `«O„_ç `«# Ñ≤Å¡efl J=∞‡_»O Hõ<åfl
hK«"≥∞ÿ# Ñ¨x Jk. P Éèí∂q∞x "ÕÅOÖ’ F q^Õt HõOÃÑx H˘O@∞Ok. H˘x HõOÃÑhÃÑ·
q^Õj [O_®#∞ ZQÆˆ~ã¨∞ÎOk. J=Ù#∞~å <Õ#∞ H˘<åfl#∞. g∞ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi"Õ∞, ~å[º"Õ∞
Jq∞‡Ok, <å W+Öì D Éè∂í q∞ÃÑ· ã¨~åfikèHÍ~°O <å^Õ Jx JO@∞Ok. JÑ¨C_»∞ Éè∂í q∞x
Jq∞‡# „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO ã¨=∂^è•#O K≥ÑÊ¨ ÖËx ã≤u÷ Ö’ Ñ¨_∞» `«∞Ok. ~å[º"Õ∞ Éè∂í q∞x J=∞‡_»O
JO>Ë P Éèí∂q∞ÃÑ· ™ê~°fiÉè∫=∂kèHÍ~°O J=∞‡_»O J=Ù`«∞Ok. JO^Œ∞ˆH „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfiÅ∞
Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ J=∞‡=^Œ∞Ì. Jk J`«ºO`« kQÆ*Ï~°∞_»∞, k"åàÏHÀ~°∞ Ñ¨x. Wk J^Œx
HÍ^Œ∞ ã¨=∞ã¨Î ~°OQÍÖ’¡ PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ PkèÑ¨`«º ^èÀ~°}˜x, ^Œ∞~å„Hõ=∞} sux WÖÏˆQ
„Ñ¨^Œi≈OKå~°∞. „Ñ¨^Œi≈ã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. ã≤x=∂, ™êÇ≤Ï`«ºO, <å@HÍÅ∞, q^•º, "≥·^ŒºO WÖÏ
Jxfl ~°OQÍÖ’¡ "å~°∞ ‰õΩ„@Å∞ KÕâß~°∞. KÕã≤Ok U^À KÕâß~°∞, WHõ KåÅ∞, WOHÍ
WOHÍ `≥ÅOQÍ}#∞ K≥~° Ñ¨\’ì^Œ∞Ì.. JO>Ë q#ˆ~q∞? `≥ˆQ ^•Hõ ÖÏQÆ∞`å~å? ^•^•Ñ¨Ù
P~°∞=O^ŒÅ =∞Ok P`«‡Ç¨Ï`«ºÅ∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞ WOHÍ UO KÕÜ«∞=∞O\Ï~°∞. `≥ÅOQÍ}
"åi áœ~°∞ëêxfl Ô~K«ÛQ˘_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. "åi *ÏfÜ«∞`«#∞ QÆ∞~°∞Î KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ
^Õâß<Õfl HÍ"åÅx áÈ~å_»=∞O\Ï~å?
QÆÒ« Ö’ ÖËx ^≥#· ºã≤u÷
L™ê‡xÜ«∂ Pã¨∞Ñ¨„uÖ’ #Å¡Q˘O_» a_»¤_˘Hõ_»∞ JO`«º„H˜Ü«∞Å‰õΩ _»|∞ƒÅ∞ ÖËHõ `«O„_ç
=∞$`«^ÕÇ¨xfl ^Œ"åMÏ#Ö’<Õ =ke áêiáÈÜ«∂_»∞. JÖÏ\˜ ^≥·#º ã≤÷uÖ’<Õ L#fl
`« e ¡ ^ Œ O „_» ∞ Å∞ XHõ ~ ° ∞ "åi áêÑ¨ áêi÷ = ^Õ Ç ¨  xfl QÍOnè Pã¨ ∞ Ñ¨ „ uÖ’ =ke
"≥o§áÈÜ«∂~°∞. XHõ ^Ò~åƒùQÆ∞º_»∞ „|uH˜ L#fl `«e¡x QÀ<ÕãÖzÖ’ =¸@Hõ\ ˜ì ~À_»∞¤
„Ñ¨Hõ¯# áêˆ~ã≤ áÈÜ«∂_»∞. 2007= ãÖ=`«û~°OÖ’ D ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#Å∞ [iQÍ~Ú. P
Ñ‘#∞QÆ∞Å#∞ ã¨fi„QÍ=∂Å‰õΩ fã¨∞H˘x "≥à◊§_®xH˜ _»|∞ƒÅ∞ ÖËHõ "å~°∞ JÖÏ KÕâß~°∞.
"åiH˜ Ñ¨\ ˜ì# ^≥·#ºã≤÷u =Å¡ "å~°∞ JÖÏ KÕâß~°∞. |Ç¨ïëê QÆ`«OÖ’ U<å_»∞ U
`≥ÅOQÍ} a_»¤, U `«e¡^ŒO„_»∞Å∞ ‰õÄ_® WHõ¯_» WO`«\ ˜ ^≥·#ºã≤÷uÖ’H˜ <≥@ì|_ç LO_»~°∞.
WÖÏ =∞$`« ^ÕÇ¨Å#∞ =ke "≥o§ LO_»~°∞. `≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’ „Ñü ~ÀA HõhãÖ Ñ¨k
=∞Ok Ô~·`«∞Å∞, KÕ<Õ`« "å~°∞ P`«‡Ç¨Ï`«º KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞, ÖË^• =∞~°}˜ã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞.
=O^ŒÖÏk =∞Ok x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å=Ù`«∞<åfl~°∞. HÀ\Ï¡k ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å =#~°∞Å∞ H˘Å¡Q˘@ì
|_»∞`«∞<åfl~Ú. =O^ŒÖÏk ZHõ~åÅ Éèí∂q∞ J<åº„HÍO`«O J=Ù`«∞#flk. WÖÏO\˜
Ñïã≤÷u â◊„`«∞=ÙÅ‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® HõÅQÆ=^Œ∞Ì. z=iH˜ PO„^èŒ∞Å‰õΩ ‰õÄ_®.
K«eH˜ `åà◊ÖHË õ XHõ #Å¡Q˘O_» ¿Ñ^Œ =Úãë ~Ô `· ∞« ã≤"∞≥ O@∞ ÃÑÑ· Ù¨ Ö’ ^Œ∂i x„^ŒáÈÜ«∂_»∞.
P =Úãë Ô~·`«∞ K«eH˜ =∞~°}Õz, Z=~°∞ K«∂_»Hõ P ÃÑ·Ñ¨ÙÖ’<Õ Jã≤÷ÑÖ[~°OQÍ
=∂iáÈÜ«∂_»∞. P ÃÑ^•ÌÜ«∞# YzÛ`«OQÍ |Ç¨ïëê áêÅ=¸~°∞ ã¨#flHÍ~°∞ Ô~·`«∞ J~Ú
JO\Ï_»∞, HÍx aèHõ∆QÍ_»x áÈbã¨∞Å∞ J~°QÆO\Ö’¿Ñ ˆHã¨∞#∞ =¸¿ãâß~°∞. WÖÏO\˜
ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#Å∞ Z<Àfl L<åfl~Ú. ÉèÏ~°`«, PO„^èŒ JO^Œ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfiÅ L=∞‡_ç áêÅ# Ñ¶ë`«O
Wk. P~°∞ ^ŒâßÉÏÌÅ ™êfi`«O„`« Ñ¶¨Åq∞k. |Ç¨ïëê <≥·*ÏO, ÖË^• „a\˜+¨µ "å~°∞
WÑ¨Ê\˜ =~°‰õΩ áêeOz<å WO`«\ ˜ n<å=ã¨÷ D `≥ÅOQÍ} `«e¡H˜ Ñ¨>ËìkHÍ^Õ"≥∂!
~Ô `· ∞« Å∞ aK«QÛ Íà◊§Ü«∂º~°∞
HÍpQÆ∂_», Q“eQÆ∂_», <åOÑë¡ Ô~·ÖËfi¿ãì+¨<£Å K«∞@∞ì S^•~°∞ H˜Ö’g∞@~°¡ ÑïkèÖ’
aèHõ∆"≥∞`«∞Î‰õΩ<Õ ÃÑ^ŒÌ"å~°O^Œ~°∞ ã¨g∞Ñ¨ QÆ`«OÖ’ #ÖÁæO_», áêÅ=¸~°∞, "≥∞^ŒH±, WO^Œ∂~°∞
lÖÏ¡Ö’¡ z#fl Ô~·`«∞Å∞. "åiHÍ ^≥·#º ã≤÷ux Ñ¨\ ì̃Oz# ^≥=~°∞? ã≤iã≤ÖÏ¡Ö’ P`«‡Ç¨Ï`«º
KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#fl âßÖ’Å∞¡ ZO^Œ~°∞? x*Ï=∂ÉÏ^£, =~°OQÆÖò, áêÅ=¸~°∞, "≥∞^ŒH±, #ÖÁæO_»
lÖÏ¡Ö’¡ P`«‡Ç¨Ï`«ºÅ∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#fl Ô~·`«∞ÖˇO^Œ~°∞? Ñ¨k lÖÏ¡Ö’¡x q^•º=O`«∞Å∞
áÈQ˘@∞ì‰õΩ#fl L^ÀºQÍÅ∞ Zxfl? K«kq<å L^ÀºQÍÅ∞ ~åHõ _ç„ÃÑ+¨<£`À =ÚÃÑ·Ê Uà◊§ˆH
=Úãë "å~°~Ú# Ü«Ú=‰õΩÅ∞ ÅHõ∆Ö’¡ L<åfl~°∞. =∞=∞‡efl x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å∞QÍ =∂iÛ
=∂ =#~°∞Å∞ H˘Å¡Q˘\ì̃# qâßÖÏO„^èŒ =∂‰õΩ =^Œ∞Ì QÍHõ =^Œ∞Ì Jx H˘O^Œ~°∞ `≥ÅOQÍ}
Ü«Ú=‰õΩÅ∞ "å~°O@∞<åfl~°∞.
''WOHÍ =∞=∞‡efl Z<åflà◊√§ U_»==∞O\Ï~°∞?
=∞=∞‡efl ZO`«QÍ #+¨ìá⁄=∞‡O\Ï~°∞.
p á⁄O_ç Jx L"Õ∞‡ã¨∞Î<åfl, p H˘_»∞`«∞<åfl K«∂~°∞ Ñ¨@∞ì‰õΩ "ÕÖÏ_»`åˆ~q∞?
Hõeã≤ LO^•=∞O\Ïˆ~q∞?
Z<åflà◊√§ Ñ¨~å~Ú ÑÖK«# LO_ç 'p— H˘\ì̃OK«∞‰õΩO\Ï~°∞.
g∞ ~å„ëêìxfl g∞~°∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕã¨∞HÀ~å?
g∞ ~å[^è•xx g∞~°∞ xi‡OK«∞HÀ~å?
WO`« ã≤QÆ∞æ =∂e#`«<åxfl ZHõ¯_ç #∞O_ç ãÖ`«iOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞——?
Jx `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï `«Å∞¡Å∞ J_»∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl „Ñ¨â◊flÅ‰õΩ Z=~°∞ U=∞x ã¨=∂^è•#O K≥áêÎ~°∞.
'z#fl‰õΩ@∞O|O zO`«Å∞ ÖËx ‰õΩ@∞O|O— Jx x<å^•Å∞ WKåÛ~°∞. g∞ =Úãë
`«e¡ ^ŒO„_»∞Å#∞ FÖË¤*ò Ç¨ÏŸOÖ’ ÃÑ_»∞Î<åfl~°∞. ÃÑo§ HÍQÍ<Õ "Õˆ~ HÍÑ¨Ù~°O ÃÑ_®Î~°∞!
=∞i JxflO\˜Ö’ z#fl`«<åxfl "Õ∞KÕÛ g∞~°∞ z#fl ~å¢ëêìÅ#∞ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ "≥∞K«Û~°∞?
'u#=∞iQÍ~°∞— HÍ|>Ëì =^Œ∞Ì JO@∞<åfl~°∞.
Hõ~°∂flÖòÖ’ HÍe_ç# PO„^èŒ∞Å∞, ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞ "åi`À J"≥∂‡ JxÑ≤OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞ "å~°∞ ‰õÄ_® PO„^èŒ "åix #=∞‡~°∞, "å~°∞ K«`«∞~°∞Åx, uq∞‡x |q∞‡
KÕÜ«∞QÆÅ~°x JO\Ï~°∞. JO^Œ∞ˆH PO„^èŒ ~åR ~å[^è•xx q[Ü«∞"å_»Ö’ =^Œ∞Ì,
Hõ~°∂flÖòÖ’ HÍ"åÅx ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞ "å~°∞ P<å_»∞ Ñ¨@∞ì|\Ïì~°∞.
''"ÕÜÕ∞ºà◊√§ L<åfl "Õ~°∞ `«Ñ¨Ê^Œ∞,
#∂ˆ~à◊√§ L<åfl Kå=Ù `«Ñ¨Ê^Œ∞——
J<Õ ™ê"≥∞`« g∞ ^ŒQÆæ~° ÖË^•? 'J#fl^Œ=Ú‡e^ŒÌ~°∞O>Ë Pã≤Î ÑÖK«∞HÀ~å K≥Ñ¨C— Jx
=∂ QÀˆ~\˜ "≥OHõ#fl ~åã≤# áê@#∞ g∞~°∞ q#ÖË^•? q<åfl J~°÷O HÍ=_»O ÖË^•?
'á⁄=∞‡O>Ë áÈ"ÕOk~å— Jx QÆ∂_» JO[#fl ~åã≤# áê@#∞ ‰õÄ_® g∞~°∞ q#ÖË^•?
J~° ÷ O J~Ú<å ã≤ Q Æ ∞ æ = ∂e #\˜ ã ¨ ∞ Î < åfl~å? pè ! á⁄O_ç J<åfl `« ∞ _» ∞ K« ∞ H˘x
LO\Ï=∞O\Ïˆ~q∞?
Ñ¨Ó~°fiO =∞„^•ãπ "åi`À pè H˘\˜ìOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. WÑ¨C_»∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} "åi`À pè
JxÑ≤OK«∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞? ã‘=∞ "åi`À =^Œ∞Ì JxÊOK«∞H˘O@∞<åfl~°∞. WO`« =∞Okx
W|ƒOk ÃÑ_»∞`«∂ ãÖáêkOz# ãÖÑ¨^ŒÅ`À g∞ ÉèÏ~°º a_»¤Å∞ ã¨∞YÑ¨_»`å~°x, ã¨Å¡QÍ
LO\Ï~°x g∞~°∞ ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl~å? =∂ `«Å∞¡Å, Ñ≤Å¡Å, Ô~·`«∞Å, ¿Ñ^ŒÅ Lã¨∞~°∞ g∞‰õΩ
`«QÆÅ^•?

<≥*· ÏO ^Õâ◊ ÑïK«Ü∞« O B#fl`«ºO
<≥·*ÏO ^Õâ◊O ^•^•Ñ¨Ù 83 "ÕÅ K«^Œ~°Ñ¨Ù "≥∞ÿà◊§ "≥·âßÅºOÖ’ 5.12 HÀ@¡ ZHõ~åÅ
qã‘Î~°‚OÖ’ LO_Õk. WO^Œ∞Ö’ ^•^•Ñ¨Ù 2.97 HÀ@¡ ZHõ~åÅ Éèí∂q∞ ™êQÆ∞ JÜÕ∞ºk.
^Õâ◊ [<åÉèÏ ^•^•Ñ¨Ù XHõ HÀ\˜ 80 ÅHõ∆Å∞. giÖ’ `≥Å∞QÆ∞ "åik ^•^•Ñ¨Ù HÀ\˜
[<åÉèÏ LO_Õk. Hõ#fl_çQÆ∞Åk 20 ÅHõ∆Å∞ =∞~å~îåÅk 40 ÅHõ∆Å∞, W`«~° ÉèÏ+¨
"å~°∞ =∞~À 20 ÅHõ∆Å∞ =∞Ok LO_Õ"å~°∞.
<≥·*ÏO ^Õâ◊OÖ’ 16 lÖÏ¡Å∞O_Õq 20 "ÕÅ „QÍ=∂Å∞O_Õq.
=∞~å~îåfi_® `≥ÅOQÍ} Hõ~å‚@Hõ
(5 lÖÏ¡Å∞) (8 lÖÏ¡Å∞) (3 lÖÏ¡Å∞)
1. B~°OQÍÉÏ^£ 1. PkÖÏÉÏ^£ QÆ∞Åƒ~åæ
2. Ñ¨~°ƒùx 2. x*Ï=∂ÉÏ^£ ~åÜ«∞K«∂~ü
3. c_£ 3. HõsO#QÆ~ü c^Œ~ü
4. <åO^Õ_£ 4. =~°OQÆÖò
5. L™ê‡<åÉÏ^£ 5. =∞Ç¨Ï|∂Éò#QÆ~ü
6. "≥∞^ŒH±
7. #ÖÁæO_»
8. J„`«Ñπ|ÖÏÌ
(ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£)
<≥·*ÏO ~å[ºOÖ’ 14 ãÖ™ê÷<åÅ∞O_Õq. g\˜ Ç¨ÏŸ^• *Ïw~°¡Hõ#fl H˘OK≥O Z‰õΩ¯=.
*Ïw~°∞¡ x*ÏO #"å|∞ WzÛ#q. ãÖ™ê÷<åÅ∞ Jã¨Ñ¶π*ÏÇ≤Ï ~åAÅ∞ ~å*ÏºkèHÍ~åxH˜
~åHõÑ¨Ó~°fi=Ú #∞OKÕ L<åfl~Ú. Jã¨Ñ¶π*ÏÇ‘ÏÅ∞ gi ã¨fi`«O„`« „ÑüÑüÎx XÑ¨CH˘<åfl~°∞.
Jq 1. =#ÑïÎ, 2. QÆ^•fiÅ, 3. J=∞~°zO`«, 4. [@„áÈÅ∞, 5. ^À=∞H˘O_», 6.
<å~åÜ«∞}¿Ñ@. Wq ÃÑ^ŒÌ ãÖ™ê÷<åÅ∞. g\˜ "åi¬HÍ^•Ü«∞O XHõ ÅHõ∆‰õΩ q∞Oz
=ÙO@∞Ok. 7. QÀáêÅ¿Ñ@, 8. J#Q˘Ok, 9. ~å*Ï¿Ñ@, 10. ^Œ∞ÉÏƒHõ, 11.
áêáê#fl¿Ñ@, 12. ã≤~åflÑë¡, Hõ~å‚@Hõ „áêO`«OÖ’ QÆ∞~°∞QÆ∞O@ J<Õ WOHÀ ãÖ™ê÷#O
LO_Õk. g\˜Ö’ ã≤~åflÑë¡ KåÖÏ z#fl ãÖ™ê÷#O. Wk x*Ï=∂ÉÏ^£ lÖÏ¡Ö’ LOk.
~å[|O^èŒ∞=ÙÅ‰õΩ WzÛ# *Ïw~°¡‰õΩ 'áêÜ≥∂QÆ— Åx ¿Ñ~°∞. g~°∞ Ãã·<åºxfl ã¨g∞HõiOz
Ü«Ú^Œú ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ x*ÏO‰õΩ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞Ñ¨_Õ"å~°∞. x*ÏO „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO =∞^èŒº Ü«ÚQÆÑ¨Ù
Ñ¶¨Óº_»Öò ~å[iHõ =º=ã¨÷‰õΩ K≥Ok#k. JO^Œ∞ˆH ãÖ™ê÷<ånèâ◊√ÖË HÍ‰õΩO_® *Ïw~°¡`À
ÉÏ@∞, [g∞O^•~°∞¡ =∞+¨^•~°∞¡, =Ú#ã¨Éò^•~°∞¡ LO_Õ"å~°∞.

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`åÅ∂HÍÅ∞QÍ ~åRO qÉèílOK«|_ç# `«~åfi`« ^Õâ◊=ÚMò, ^ÕâòáêO_®º ysÅ∞ ~°^Œ∞Ì
JÜ«∂º~Ú. HÍx "åiH˜ H˘O`« ~°∞ã¨∞=Ú #QÆ^Œ∞ ~°∂ÑÖÖ’ W=fi|_Õk. áÈbã¨∞ K«~°º`À
*Ïw~°¡ ~°^Œ∞Ì âßã¨#O =zÛOk. D *Ïw~°¡ JÉÏe+¨<£ ^•fi~å x*ÏO ã¨fiO`« *ÏwÔ~·#
'ã¨ˆ~ÊùMÏãπ— "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ Jxfl ~°HÍÅ *Ïw~°∞¡, Ç¨Ï‰õΩ¯Å∞ ~°^Œ∞Ì JÜ«∂º~Ú.
_»Hõ¯<£ Ñ‘~î°Éèí∂q∞ ™ê~°=O`«"≥∞ÿ# <ÕÅÅ`À QÀ^•=i, Hõ$ëê‚, =∞Or~°, „áê}Ç≤Ï`«,
ÃÑ<£QÆOQÍ, Hõ_≥O, =∂<Õ~°∞, c=∂, _çO_ç, =¸ã≤ÖÏO\˜ #n #^•Å`À ~å=∞Ñ¨Ê,
ÅHõfl=~°O, ã≤~°flÑë¡, |O_≥Ñë¡, ~°OQÆã¨=Ú„^ŒO, W„|Ç‘ÏOÑ¨@flO ÖÏO\˜ ™êQÆ~°=∞O`«\ ˜
K≥~°∞=ÙÅ`À <≥·*ÏO ^Õâ◊O P<å\˜H˜ ã¨ã¨ºâßº=∞ÅOQÍ LO_Õk. >Ë‰õΩ, #Å¡=∞kÌ, l„>ËQÆ∞,
K«O^Œ#O ÖÏO\˜ =$H∆ÍÅ`À xO_ç# ãÖÑ¨#fl J_»=ÙÅ∞, =„[Ñ¨Ù QÆ#∞Å∞, <åÑ¨~å~Ú,
„QÍ<Õ\ò, ã¨∞#flÑ¨Ù~å~Ú, ÉÁQÆ∞æ =O\˜ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯Å"≥∞ÿ# Yx*ÏÅ`À Éèí∂=∞O_»ÅO g∞^Õ
ãÖÑ¨#fl"≥∞ÿ# ^ÕâßÖ’¡ XHõ\ ˜QÍ LOk. WHõ¯_» ^•^•Ñ¨Ù Jxfl ~°HÍÅ ÑÖ@Å∞ ÑÖ_Õq.
J[O`å ZÖ’¡~å QÆ∞Ç¨ÏÅ∞, "Õ~ÚãÎ̈OÉèÏÅ QÆ∞_ç, ~å=∞Ñ¨Ê QÆ∞_ç, *’QÆ∞ÖÏO| â◊HÎ̃Ñ‘~î°O,
"Õ=ÚÅ"å_» PÅÜ«∞O, Ü«∂^ŒyiQÆ∞@ì #~°ã≤OÇ¨Ï™êfiq∞, H©ã¨~°QÆ∞@ì, H˘=ÚÔ~e¡ =∞Å¡#fl,
"Õ∞_®~°O ã¨=∞‡Hõ¯, ‰õΩ~°∞=¸iÎ, P_≥e¡ áÈK«=∞‡, U_»∞áêÜ«∞Å ^Œ∞~°æ=∞‡, ÃÑ^ŒÌQÆ∞@ì,
*Ï<£áê_£ Ãã·^Œ∞Å∞, H˘Å#∞áêHõ, JÖÏ¡ ^Œ∞~°æO, É’^èŒ<£, H˘O_®Ñ¨Ù~°O ÖÏO\˜ J^Œ∞ƒù`«
ãÖã¨¯ $uHõ Kåi„`«Hõ "å~°ã¨`«fi=Ú#fl Éèí∂q∞ Wk. 1948 <å\˜ áÈbã¨∞ K«~°º`À D
ãÖÑ¨#fl ãÖã¨¯ $u, ^Õâ◊O J<åº„HÍO`«"≥∞ÿOk, =∞ã¨HõÉÏiOk.
™⁄O`« HõÔ~hû, Ãã·#ºO, Ô~·ÖËfiÅ∞, áÈã¨ìÖò =º=ã¨÷Å∞#fl ã¨fi`«O„`« ^Õâ◊O Wk. „a\˜+π
WO_çÜ«∂‰õΩ q∞„`«^Õâ◊O Wk. nxfl WOw¡+¨µ "å~°∞ 'Ü«∂Ô~ =á¶ê^•~ü— ^ÀãπÎ–Z–
=á¶ê^•~ü (qâ◊fiã¨hÜ«∞ q∞„`«∞_»∞) Jx Q“~°=OQÍ Ñ≤eKÕ"å~°∞. D ^Õâ◊Ñ¨Ù JkèHÍ~°
ÉèÏ+¨ L~°∂Ì. P ÉèÏ+¨Ö’ „áê^äŒq∞Hõ q^Œº #∞O_ç "≥∞_çã≤<£, WO[hiOQ∑ ÖÏO\˜ =$uÎ
q^ŒºÅ#∞ WHõ¯_» É’kèOKÕ"å~°∞.
^Õ â ◊ O Ö’ 760 ã¨ ˆ ~ Êù M Ïãπ „QÍ=∂Å∞O_Õ q . `≥ Å OQÍ}Ö’ "≥ Ú `« Î O 10,095
„QÍ=∂Å∞O_Õq. g\˜ ^•fi~å x*ÏO ~åA‰õΩ U\Ï Ô~O_»∞ HÀ@¡ ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å P^•Ü«∞O
=KÕÛk. [q∞O^•~°∞¡, *Ïy~ü^•~°¡ ^•fi~å x*ÏO‰õΩ U\Ï ÖˇHõ¯ÖË#xfl (|Ç¨ï=∞`«∞Å∞)
#[~å<åÅ∞ J„+¨Ñ¶≤Å ~°∂ÑÖÖ’ |OQÍ~°O =KÕÛk. "å\˜ qÅ∞= =∞~À HÀ\˜
~°∂áêÜ«∞Å ÃÑ·QÍ LO_Õk. WÖÏ x*ÏO ~åA HÀ@∞¡ ‰õÄ_»QÆ@∞ìHÀ QÆeQÍ~°∞. JO^Œ∞ˆH
PÜ«∞# „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’<Õ ãÖÑ¨#∞fl_çQÍ ÑïQÆ}ÕÑ¨ |_®¤~°∞.
J~Ú`Õ PÜ«∞#‰õΩ D ãÖÑ¨^Œ#∞ ^ÀK«∞H˘x fã¨∞‰õΩáÈ=_®xH˜ "Õ̂~ =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ ÖË^Œ∞.
D^Õ PÜ«∞# =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞. PÜ«∞# QÀi (ã¨=∂kè) WHõ¯_Õ LOk. PÜ«∞# `å`«
=Ú`åÎ`«Å ã¨=∂^èŒ∞Å∞ WHõ¯_Õ L<åfl~Ú. JO^Œ∞ˆH PÜ«∞# ã¨QÆ@∞ PO„^èŒ∞_ç Hõ<åfl
Z<Àfl Ô~@∞¡ `«‰õΩ¯= „Ñ¨=∂^Œ HÍiQÍ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï "å~°∞ ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞.
x*ÏO WO_»ã¢ Ü
ì‘ ∞« Öò Ñ¶O¨ _£
n x*ÏO „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO WO_»„ã‘ìÜ«∞Öò „@ãπì Ñ¶Ö_£ J<Õ ãÖã¨÷#∞ 1940Ö’¡<Õ ™ê÷Ñ≤OzOk.
nx Ü«∂[=∂#ºO „HÕ^Œ <åÅ∞QÆ∞ |@ìÅ q∞Å∞¡Å∞, É’^è<Œ £ K«HÔ ¯~° á¶êºHõsì , ã≤~∂° Ê~ü
¿ÑÑ¨~ü q∞Å∞¡, Kåi‡<å~ü ã≤QÆÔ~\ò á¶êºHõìs, Ô~O_»∞ ã≤"≥∞O@∞ Ñï„â◊=∞Å∞,
„áêQÍ@∂Öòû, =∞iH˘xfl Ñï„â◊=∞Å∞ ™ê÷Ñ≤OKå~°∞. „a\˜+π ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•~°∞Å
ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∞ºOÖ’ ã≤OQÆˆ~}˜ HÀÖò"≥∞ÿ<£û „áê~°OÉèíO JÜ«∂º~Ú. "å\˜H˜ PO„^èŒ∞Å
áêÅ#, ÉÏ~°`« „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi Ü«∂[=∂#ºOÖ’ U QÆu Ñ¨\ ì̃O^À =∞#O^ŒiH˜ `≥Å∞ã¨∞.
~å ¢ëêìxH˜ ¿Ñ~°∞ ÃÑ@ì_»O ^ŒQÆæ~°∞flOz Jhfl "≥∂™êÖË!
H˘`«Î ~å„ëêìxH˜ ¿Ñ~°∞ x~°‚~ÚOKÕ ^ŒQÆæ~° #∞O_ç D J<åºÜ«∞O "≥Ú^ŒÖˇ·Ok. H˘`«Î
~å„ëêìxH˜ "≥Ú^Œ@ 'PO„^èŒ `≥ÅOQÍ}— J<Õ ¿Ñ~°∞#∞ MÏÜ«∞O KÕâß~°∞. `«~åfi`« ^•xfl
=∞„^•™êO„^èŒ∞Å∞ _èçb¡Ö’ ÃÑ·~°g KÕã≤ 'PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò—QÍ ã‘÷sHõiOKå~°∞. "≥Ú^Œ@ PO„^èŒ
`≥ÅOQÍ} J<Õ ¿Ñ~°∞#∞ W~°∞ „áêO`åÅ <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞ XÑ¨C‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. D XÑ¨ÊO^ŒO
"Õ∞~°Hˆ 1956 =∂iÛ S^Œ∞# „Ñ¨^•è x <≥„Ç¨˙ x*Ï=∂ÉÏ^£ ã¨ÉÖíè ’ H˘`«Î ~åR U~åÊ@∞#∞
„Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞. 1956 P<å\˜ ~å„ëêìÅ Ñ¨Ù#~ü =º=ã‘÷Hõ~°} aÅ∞¡ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ÉèÏQÆO Ô~O_»=
ÃãHõ∆<£Ö’x Ô~O_»= áê~üìÖ’ H˘`«Î~å„ëêìxfl 'PO„^èŒ `≥ÅOQÍ}—QÍ =º=Ç¨ÏiOKåÅx
ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ aÅ∞¡#∞ áê~°¡"≥∞O@∞Ö’ ‰õÄ_® „Ñ¨"Õâ◊ ÃÑ\Ïì~°∞. P aÅ∞¡#∞ W~°∞ ã¨ÉèíÅ
P"≥∂^ŒO `«~åfi`« áê~°¡"≥∞O\ò ÃãÅH±ì Hõq∞\˜H˜ x"ÕkOKå~°∞. ãïQÍæ D ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
PO„^èŒ ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ<Õ H˘xfl QÆ^ŒÌÅ∞ ‰õΩ„@KÕã≤ PO„^èŒ `≥ÅOQÍ} J<Õ ¿Ñ~°∞#∞ =∂iÛ
'PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò— ¿Ñ~°∞#∞ aÅ∞¡Ö’ *ÁÑ≤ÊOKå~°∞. JO^Œ∞ˆH D 'PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò— J<Õ Ñ¨^ŒO
`≥ÅOQÍ} "åi ^ÕfiëêxH˜ QÆ∞~°~ÚOk. PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ WÖÏ ¿Ñ~°∞`À "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜ì#
‰õΩ„@#∞ <Õ\ ˜ =~°‰õΩ ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ s`«∞Ö’¡ z„`«qz„`« Ñ¨^Œú`«∞Ö’¡ H˘#™êyã¨∂Î<Õ L<åfl~°∞.
™êOˆHuHõOQÍ ãïQÍ L<åfl=∞x ^ŒÉÏ~Úã¨∂Î, KÕ¿ãq J^èŒ~°‡, J<≥·uHõ Ñ¨#∞ÖË "åiq.
^Õâ◊ „Ñ¨^è•x [=Ç¨Ï~üÖÏÖò <≥„Ç¨˙ x*Ï=∂ÉÏ^£ ã¨Éèí‰õΩ "≥Å∞`«∂ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ Z~Ú~ü
áÈ~üìÖ’ HÍ~°∞ ZHõ¯É’`«∂O>Ë |∂~°∞æÅ ~å=∞Hõ$ëê‚~å=Ù qâßÖÏO„^èŒ U~åÊ@∞ QÆ∞iOz
„Ñ¨Hõ@# KÕÜ«∂Åx HÀ~å_»@. JÑ¨C_»∞ <≥„Ç¨˙ HÀÑÖQÍ |∂~°∞æÅ#∞ =∞O^ŒeOKå_»@.
★ „Ñ¨=ÚY [~°fleãπì ã¨fisæÜ∞« l. Hõ$+¨‚ ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ K≥ÑÊ≤ # q+¨Ü∞« O Wk.

''HÍº ~å"£∞H˜+¨<£ `«∞"£∞ áêQÆÖò Ç¨ÏŸQÆÜ«∂—— JÑ¨C_»∞ #∞=Ù U=∞=Ù`å=Ù Jx
qã¨∞‰õΩ¯<åfl_»@. "Its your funeral get lost" Jx <≥„Ç¨˙, |∂~°∞æÅ#∞ HÀÑÖ`À
=∞O^ŒeOKå_»x „Ñ¨`«ºHõ∆ ™ê‰õ∆ΩÅ∞ K≥áêÎ~°∞.★ „ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}∞_»x |∂~°∞æÅ Ñ¨@¡ <≥„Ç¨˙‰õΩ
H˘O`« „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ Jaè=∂#O LO_Õk. <≥„Ç¨˙ „¿Ñ=∞#∞ ‰õΩÖÏaè=∂<åxfl |∂~°∞æÅ JÖÏ
q∞ãπ Ü«¸*ò KÕâß_»∞. gi ÉÏ@Ö’<Õ ~å=∂#O^Œ f~°÷ `«k`«~°∞Å∞ #_çKå~°∞. HÍà’r,
^Õ=ÙÅÑë¡ ~å=∂#∞[ ~å=Ù ÖÏO\˜ ÃÑ^ŒÌÅO`å "≥Ú^Œ@ qâßÖÏO„^èŒ#∞ ã¨=∞‡uOz#
"åˆ~.
Ñ„ H¨ Íâ◊O ÑÖ`«∞Å∞ q[Ü«∞"å_»#∞ ~å[^è•xQÍ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ =^Œ<Ì å~°flO>Ë.....!
n PO„^èŒ~åRO JHÀì|~ü 1, 1953# U~°Ê_çOk. P ~å„ëêìxH˜ JÑ¨C_»∞ ~å[^è•x
ÖË^Œ∞. E<£ 1, 1953# @OQÆ∞@∂i QÍi J^èŒºHõ∆`«# ~å[^è•x q+¨Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ
=∞„^•ãπ âßã¨#ã¨ÉèíÖ’ XHõ g∞\ÕQ∑ [iyOk. JÑ¨C_»∞ HÍO„ÔQãπ, „Ñ¨*Ï ™È+ëã¨∞ì
áêsì "å~°∞ Hõ~°∂flÖò ~å[^è•x HÍ"åÅx Ñ¨@∞ì|\Ïì~°∞. `≥<Õfl\˜ qâ◊fi<å^äŒO, Hõ~°∂flÖò
¿Ñ~°∞#∞ „ÑüáêkOK«QÍ F\ÕQ∑ [iyOk. Hõ=∞‡"å~°∞ PO„^èŒ Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ìÅ∞
H˘O^Œ~°∞ =∂„`«O q[Ü«∞"å_» ~å[^è•x HÍ"åÅx f„=„Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flO KÕâß~°∞. HÍx
„Ñ¨HÍâ◊O ÑÖ`«∞Å∞ ^•xfl f„=OQÍ =ºuˆ~HÕKå~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ PÜ«∞# `«#
J#∞Ü«∂Ü«ÚÅ`À „Ñ¨HÍâ◊O QÍ~°∞ J#fl =∂@Å#∞ JÑ¨Ê\˜ [~°fleã¨∞ìÅ∞ WÖÏ
L@HÕKÕ"å~°∞. 'ˆ~Üü∞ q[Ü«∞"å_» QÆ#Hõ ~å[^è•x J~Ú`Õ ÃÑ¶·Öòû ã¨z"åÅÜ«∞OÖ’
LO_»=Ù~å, Hõ=∞‡"åi Wà◊¡Ö’¡ LO\ÏÜü∞~å—— Jx J<åfl_»@.
PO„^èŒ∞Å #„HÍÅ∞ ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ∞
`≥ÅOQÍ} „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ J#∞=∂<åÅ∞ J=ã¨~°O ÖË^Œx PO„^èŒ~åR =ÚYº=∞O„u Éˇ["å_»
QÀáêÖò ~Ô _ç¤ 25.11.1955# Hõ~∂° flÖòÖ’x PO„^èŒ âßã¨#ã¨ÉÖíè ’ „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ\˜ì UHõ„w=OQÍ
P"≥∂kOÑ¨ KÕã#≤ f~å‡#O WÖÏ LOk.
Andhra Assembly Resolution
'This assembly would further like to assure the people in
Telangana, that the development of Telangana would be
deemed to be a special charge, and that certain priorities and
special protection will be given for the importance of Telangana
region such as reservation in services and educational insti-
tutions on the basis of population".

"It is for that purpose we have included a paragraph in our reso-
lution today assuring Telangana people that they need not have
any fears that they would have due reservations in respect of
appointment and on par with their population and that we have
absolutely no objection to concede to them their due share in
other respects also. This is not something that is done by us
in response to their demand. It is specially mentioned in this
resolution in order to convey to them through this assembly
the unanimous opinion and voice of all the parties in this House
that we would look after them generously. The Government
have absolutely no objection to concede to them all opportu-
nities that are internde for Telangana people".
QÀáêÅÔ~_ç¤, ãÖr=Ô~_ç¤Å∞ ã¨zÛ ã¨fi~°æOÖ’ L#fl~À #~°HõOÖ’ L#fl~À... `≥ÅOQÍ}
"åi "ÕÖÏk, ÅHõ∆ÖÏk L^ÀºQÍÅ#∞ ã‘=∂O„^èŒ "å~°∞ H˘>Ëìâß~°∞. PkÖÏÉÏ^£,
x*Ï=∂ÉÏ^£, áêÅ=¸~°∞ =∂~°∞=¸Å „QÍ=∂Ö’¡H˜ ‰õÄ_® ã‘=∂O„^èŒ "å~°∞ =KÕÛâß~°∞.
ã¨zÛ U Ö’HÍ# L<åfl~À, D P~°∞#fl~° ^ŒâßÉÏÌÖ’¡ PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ KÕã≤# D J<åºÜ«∂Å‰õΩ
"å~°∞ U=∞x ã¨=∂^è•#O K≥áêÎ~À!
`≥ÅOQÍ} Ñ„ `¨ ºÕ Hõ ~åRO – PO„^∞Œè Å Ç¨g∞Å∞
''`≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’x L^ÀºQÍÅ∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} „Ñ¨[ÅˆH K≥O^Œ∞`åÜ«∞x, "å\˜x PO„^èŒ∞Å∞
HÍ*Ë`«∞~°x P ÉèíÜ«∞O, `≥ÅOQÍ} "åiH˜ J=ã¨~°O ÖË^Œx—— 1.2.1956# LÑ¨
=ÚYº=∞O„u Ç¨ÏŸ^•Ö’ hÅO ãÖr=Ô~_ç¤ PO„^èŒ âßã¨#ã¨ÉèíÖ’ „Ñ¨"Õâ◊ ÃÑ\˜ì# =∞~À
#OQÆ<åz f~å‡#O WÖÏ LOk.
Andhra Assembly Resolution
"In regard to appointment and employment in Telangana re-
gion they seem to be having some fears that educationally
more advanced people from Andhra region might usurp all av-
enues of employment depriving Telangana people of their due
share. I want to make it clear that we do not want anything in
your share of employment at all. We are assuring you that we
would not touch your 1/3 share in employment. Such an as-
surance has already been given by our Chief Minister. This
assurance was made not only on his personal behalf but also
on behalf of this assembly and Government"
`≥ÅOQÍ} „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ ~åROQÍ LO_»=K«Ûx 'Ñ¶¨[Öò Jb— Hõq∂+¨<£ x"ÕkHõÖ’ ~å`«Å∞
WÖÏ L<åfl~Ú.
"Para 386.. it will be in the interest of Andhra as well as
Telangana it, for the present, the Telangana areas is consti-
tuted into a separate state which may be known as the
Hyderabad state with provision for its unification with Andhra
after the general elections likely to be held near about 1961,
by two thirds majority the Legislature of the residual Hyderabad
expresses itself favour of such unification... if public sentiment
in Telangana crystalised itself against the unification of the two
state, Telangana will have continue as a separate unit".
‰õΩ`«∞ÉòëêÇ‘ÏÅ∞, Jã¨Ñ¶π*ÏÇ‘ÏÅ∞ "≥àÏ§~°∞ PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ =KåÛ~°∞. „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ ^Õâ◊OQÍ
J=`«iOK« ^Œy# `≥ÅOQÍ} ÉèÏ~°`« ^Õâ◊Ñ¨Ù Hõ|O^Œ Ç¨Ï™êÎÖ’¡ W~°∞‰õΩ¯áÈ~ÚOk.
Hõ|O^Œ∞_ç KÕuÖ’ zH˜¯# `≥ÅOQÍ}#∞ ã‘=∂O„^èŒ ~å|O^Œ∞Å∞ Ñ‘‰õΩ¯ uO@∞<åfl~Ú.
JÖÏ `≥ÅOQÍ} <Õ\ H˜ ˜ yÅyÅ H˘@∞ì‰Ωõ O@∞#flk.
Ü«∞^èK
Õ QÛ« Í ^ÀÑ≤_ç
1956 ~åR qb#O `«~åfi`« `≥ÅOQÍ}#∞ ^ÀK«∞HÀ_®xH˜ PO„^èŒ "åiH˜ Ñ¨ÓiÎ ¿ãfiK«Ûù,
JkèHÍ~°O =zÛOk. ÅHõ∆ÖÏk ‰õΩ@∞OÉÏÅ∞ JkèHÍiHõOQÍ `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ =Åã¨ =zÛ
WHõ¯_ç MÏm Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞, ã¨÷ÖÏÅ#∞ P„Hõq∞OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~Ú. „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi HÍfi@~°∞¡, HÍÅhÅ∞,
Ô~O\ò HõO„\’Öò Ü«∂H±ìÅ∞, =∞„^•ãπ Ô~q#∂º K«\ÏìÅ∞ `≥zÛ WHõ¯_ç "åi *ÏQÍÅ#∞,
WO_»#¡ ∞, L^ÀºQÍÅ#∞ P„Hõq∞OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. P P„Hõ=∞} Ñ¨~fi° O <Õ\ H˜ ˜ H˘#™êQÆ∞`«∞#flk.
™êH∆ Í `« ∞ Î Hõ = ¸ºxã¨ ∞ ì áêsì Ü Õ ∞ PO„^è Œ "åiH˜ `≥ Å OQÍ} "≥ à ◊ § =∞x Jkè H ÍiHõ
ã¨=∂"ÕâßÖ’¡ ã¨∂zOzOk. '™êÜ«Ú^èŒ Ô~·`åOQÆ áÈ~å@O, Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ì ™ê#∞Éèí∂u
=Úã¨∞QÆ∞Ö’, Z„~° *ˇO_® h_»Ö’ ÅHõ∆ÖÏk =∞Ok PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ =zÛ xâ◊≈|ÌOQÍ `≥ÅOQÍ}
Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ P„Hõq∞OK«∞ ‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. WOHÍ P„Hõq∞OK«∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞. =∂"À~Úã¨∞ì
áêsìÖÖ’x PO„^èŒ <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiO ‰õÄ_» gi =Åã¨Å‰õΩ „Ñ¨`«ºHõ∆OQÍ Ñ¨~ÀHõ∆OQÍ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõ
iOzOk. ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ [#`åáêsìÖ’x PO„^èŒ <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiO W^Õ Ñ¨x KÕã≤Ok. ã≤Ñ≤S,
ã≤Ñ≤ZO "åiÔH·`Õ W^Õ „Ñ¨^è•# Ñ¨x. D Ñ¨#∞Å∞ <Õ\ ˜H˜ Ü«∞^ÕK«ÛùQÍ ™êyáÈ`«∞<åfl~Ú.
ÃÑ·QÍ L^Œº=∞O L"≥fi`«∞Î# ÖËz Py# „Ñü™êi =∞iO`« L`åûÇ¨ÏO`À H˘`«Î "å~°∞
=ã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞.
ã¨`«ºO ~å=∞eOQÆ~åA Z=~°∞? =¸_»∞ ^ŒâßÉÏÌÅ „H˜`«O ã¨`«ºO ã≤ÊxflOQ∑ q∞Öò
ÃÑ\ì̃#<å_»∞ J`«#∞ fã¨∞H˘#fl ÉÏºO‰õΩ JÑ¨C ZO`«? ZQ˘æ\ ì̃Ok ZO`«? P ã≤ÊxflOQ∑
q∞Öò U"≥∞ÿOk? P ã¨`«ºO#∞ u~°̂Qã≤ "≥∞ÿ\ÏãπQÍ =∂iÛ H˘Å¡Q˘\ì̃# ãÖÑ¨^Œ ZO`«?
ãÖÑ¨#∞flÖˇ#· ã‘=∂O„^èŒ "å~°O`å ^•^•Ñ¨ÙQÍ WÖÏO\˜ ^˘OQÆÑ#¨ ∞Å ^•fi~å<Õ JÜ«∂º~°∞.
ã≤^•Ì~°÷ HõàÏâßÅÖ’ WO[hiOQ∑ _ç„y Ñ¨ÓiÎ JÜÕ∞º <å\˜H˜ ÅQÆ_»áê\˜H˜ L#fl
Pã≤Îáêã¨∞ÎÖˇxfl? WÑ¨C_»∞#fl gi Pã¨∞ÎÖˇxfl. ^èŒ~°‡|^ŒÌOQÍ ZÖÏQÆ∞ ãÖáêkOK«ÖË^Œ∞
HõhãÖ K«@ì|^ŒÌOQÍ ãÖáêkOz<å WO`« ãÖÑ¨^Œ "åi =^ŒÌ áÈQÆ=Ù`«∞O^•? S^Œ∞HÀ@¡
=~°‰õΩ Pã¨∞ÎÅ∞#fl "åiÃÑ· ÃÑ^ŒÌQÍ q=∞~°≈ÖË^Œ∞. Ñ¨kHÀ@∞¡ L#fl "åÔ~O^Œ~°∞? 20
HÀ@∞¡ # fl "åÔ ~ O^Œ ~ ° ∞ ? =O^Œ H À@∞¡ ã¨ O áêkOz# "åÔ ~ O^Œ ~ ° ∞ ? 500 HÀ@∞¡ # fl
"åÔ~O^Œ~°∞? "≥~Úº HÀ@∞¡#fl "åÔ~O^Œ~°∞? Ô~O_»∞ "ÕÅ HÀ@∞¡#fl "åÔ~O^Œ~°∞? WÖÏ
ÅHõ∆ HÀ@¡ ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å Pã¨∞ÎÅ∞#fl "åÔ~O^Œ~°∞? "å~°∞ U ‰õΩÖÏÅ "å~°∞? g~°O^ŒiH˜
JO`«ãÖÑ¨^Œ ZÖÏ =zÛOk? P^•Ü«∞Ñ¨Ù Ñ¨#∞fl âßY K«K«∞Û Ñ¨_çO^•? P K«\ÏìÅ∞
"åiH˜ =iÎOK«"å?
HÍx "å~°∞ g∞ Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ P„Hõq∞OK«ÖË^Œ∞. K«@ì|^ŒúOQÍ H˘<åfl=Ú Jx K≥áêÎ~°∞.
„a\˜+π "åi „HÕ^Œ Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞Åì ã¨ÇÏ¨ K«~º° OÖ’ Ö∫HõºO, Pi÷HOõ , Jaƒ# XHõ PO„^è∞Œ _çH˜
U_»∞ =O^ŒÅ Uà◊√§ Ñ¨~°=∞`«, Ñ¨~°ÉèÏ+¨ áêÅ#Ö’ <À~°∞ ÖË‰õΩO_® L#fl `≥ÅOQÍ}
Ô~·`«∞‰õΩ =∞^èŒº [iy# =º=Ç¨~°O Jk. Jk K«@ì|^Œú =º=Ç¨~°O HÍ=K«∞Û HÍx
^è~Œ ‡° |^ŒOú HÍ<ÕHÍ^Œ∞. n<Õfl `≥ÅOQÍ} "å^Œ∞Å∞ P„Hõ=∞}, J<åºÜ«∞O Jx JO@∞<åfl~°∞.
''g∞ W+¨ìO g∞‰õΩ ^èŒ~°‡|^ŒúOQÍ JxÑ≤¿ãÎ JÖÏˆQ H˘#™êyOK«O_ç. `≥ÅOQÍ} "≥Ú`«ÎO
ÉÁO^ŒÅ QÆ_»¤QÍ =∂iÛ P Ñ‘#æÅ#∞ Ñ‘‰õΩ¯ u#O_ç. `≥ÅOQÍ}#∞ =∞~À ™È=∂eÜ«∂QÍ
=∂~°ÛO_ç. ã¨r= HõOHÍàÏefl K«∂¿ãÎ g∞ HõO_»∞¡ ã¨Å¡ |_®ÎÜÕ∞"≥∂—— Jx xã¨ûÇ¨Ü«∞
`≥ÅOQÍ}Ï q^•º=O`«∞Öˇ·# `«Å∞¡Å∞ JO@∞<åfl~°∞!
''=O^ŒÅ ãÖ=`«û~åÅ Ñ¨~°=∞`« áêÅ# áÈ~Ú QÍOnè, <≥„Ç¨˙Å HÍO„ÔQãπ ~å[ºO
=zÛ# ãÖ„Éèí=∂â◊Û~åºÖ’¡ `≥ÅOQÍ} "å~°∞ =Úxy LO_»QÍ, Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ìÅ∞ K«∂Ñ≤#
ã¨=∞ã¨=∂[ HõÅ#∞ K«∂ã¨∞OÎ _»QÍ<Õ Ñ¨~=° ∞ J<åºÜ«∞OQÍ `≥ÅOQÍ} J<åº„HÍO`«"∞≥ Oÿ k.
=∂ =#~°∞Å#∞, L^ÀºQÍ=HÍâßÅ#∞, Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞, q^•º=HÍâßÅ#∞, HõàÏâßÅÅ#∞
WÖÏ ã¨~°fi™êfixfl ^ÀK«∞H˘x aK«ÛQÍà◊§#∞, J=ÙÖÏQÍà◊¡#∞ KÕã≤ xÅÉˇ\Ïì~°∞—— Jx P~°∞
Ñ¨^Œ∞Å =Ü«∞ã¨∞Ö’ L#fl "å~°∞ JO@∞<åfl~°∞.
P<å_»∞ Ñ¨Å∞=Ù~°∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} „Ñ¨[Å∞ HÀiOk, ÉèÏ~°`üÖ’ qb#O J"åfiÅx QÍh
PO„^èŒ`À HõÅ=_®xfl HÍ<ÕHÍ^Œ∞. Z\ì̃ Ñïã≤÷`«∞Ö’¡ nxfl "å~°∞ HÀ~°ÖË^Œ∞, HÀ~°∞HÀÖË^Œ∞.
H˘O^Œ~°∞ <≥·*ÏO ^Õâßxfl „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ ^Õâ◊OQÍ U~°Ê~åÛÅx ‰õÄ_® J<åfl~°∞. nxfl Z=Ô~·<å
HÍ^Œ#QÆÅ~å? <≥„Ç¨˙ ‰õÄ_® ^Œ∞~å„Hõ=∞}#∞ "≥Ú^Œ@ =^ŒÌ<åfl_»∞. QÍOnèr „|uH˜
LO>Ë <≥·*ÏO WÖÏ qb#O JÜÕ∞ºk HÍ^Œ∞† Ñ¨>ËÖò KÕã≤# Ñ¨xH˜ LÑ¨"åã¨nHõ∆ KÕ¿ã"å_»∞.
J@∞ l<åfl, W@∞ QÍOnè „|uH˜ LO>Ë `≥ÅOQÍ} ^Œ∞~å„Hõ=∞}‰õΩ QÆ∞i JÜÕ∞ºkHÍ^Œ∞.
XHõ"Õà◊ qb#O J~Ú<å É’ÖˇO_»O`« ~°Hõ∆}, Ç¨Ï‰õΩ¯Å∞ X#QÆ∂_Õq. ÉèÏ~°`« „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO
H˘O^Œi XuÎ_çH˜ ÖÁOy `≥ÅOQÍ}#∞ ~å|O^èŒ∞Å#∞ áÈe# PO„^èŒ∞Å KÕ`«∞Ö’¡
ÃÑ\ì̃O^Õq∞? Jx `≥ÅOQÍ} ã‘xÜ«∞~ü ã≤\ ˜[<£û J_»∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl „Ñ¨â◊fl‰õΩ ˆHO„^ŒO WÑ¨C_»∞
U=∞x ã¨=∂^è•#O Wã¨∞ÎOk? #∞=Ùfi WzÛ# Ç¨g∞Å∞ U=∞Ü«∂º~Ú, =∞^èŒº h ÃÑ^ŒÌiHõO
Uq∞\˜? Jx ÉèÏ~°`« ^Õâßxfl `≥ÅOQÍ} áœ~°∞_»∞ J_»∞QÆ∞`«∞<åfl_»∞, ^•xH˜ "åi
ã¨=∂^è•#O Uq∞\’?
''=∂ ã≤OQÆˆ~}˜ ÉÁQÆ∞æ#∞ ZHõ¯_çH˜ `«~°eã¨∞Î<åfl=Ù? ^•x qÅ∞= ZO`«? `≥ÅOQÍ}
#^Œ∞Å hà◊√¡ U=∞=Ù`«∞<åfl~Ú. =∂ ã¨Ç¨Ï[ =#~°∞Å∞ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ ^Œ∞ifixÜ≥∂QÆO
J=Ù`«∞<åfl~Ú? =∂#= =#~°∞Å∞ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ =\˜ìáÈ`«∞<åfl~Ú. `≥ÅOQÍ} Ô~·`«∞Å∞,
J=Ùã¨Ö’Å∞¡, âßÖ’Å∞¡, ZO^Œ∞Hõx P`«‡Ç¨Ï`«ºÅ∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞. ^Œ∞ÉÏÜü∞Ö’
=Åã¨áÈ~Ú# "å~°∞ U=∞=Ù`«∞<åfl~°∞? Jx ã¨QÆ@∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} =ºHÎ̃ J_ç̂Q „Ñ¨â◊flÅ‰õΩ
ÉèÏ~°`« Ü«¸xÜ«∞<£ "åi ã¨=∂^è•#O Uq∞\˜?
<≥„Ç¨˙, Ñ¨>ËÖò, WOk~°, |∂~°∞æÅ, ~å=∂#O^Œ f~°÷, hÅO, Éˇ["å_» QÀáêÅÔ~_ç¤,
HÍã¨∞, "≥OQÆà◊~å=Ù `«k`«~°∞Å P`«‡Å∞ D „Ñ¨â◊flÅ‰õΩ U=∞x ã¨=∂^è•#O W™êÎ~Ú?
áêÑÖ ™ÈxÜ«∂, =∞<À‡ÇÏ¨ <£Å∞
WÑ¨C_»∞ HÍO„ÔQãπ Jkè<Õ„uQÍ L#fl W\ÏeÜ«∞<£ =x`« ÉèÏ~°`« ^Õâ◊Ñ¨Ù HÀ_»Å∞
™ÈxÜ«∂QÍOnè, áêH˜™êÎ<£#∞O_ç ^Õâ◊ qÉèí[# HÍÅOÖ’ „áê}ÏÅ∞ J~°KÕuÖ’ ÃÑ@∞ìH˘x
=Åã¨=zÛ# „Ñ¨^è•x =∞<À‡Ç¨Ï<£Å∞ nxH˜ U=∞x ã¨=∂^è•#O W™êÎ~°∞. áêÑÖ
™ÈxÜ«∂QÍOnè, ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊ K«i„`« `≥eÜ«∞x J=∂Ü«∞‰õΩ~åÅ∞, P"≥∞ UO K≥|∞`«∞Ok!
P"≥∞ "≥∞\ì̃xO\˜ K«i„`«<Õ P"≥∞‰õΩ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÆ `≥eÜ«∞HõáÈ=K«∞Û. WHõ "≥∞\ì̃# ^Õâ◊ K«i„`«
P"≥∞‰õΩ Uq∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞ÎOk? ^Õâ◊OÖ’x `≥ÅOQÍ} ãÖQÆu P"≥∞‰õΩ ZÖÏ `≥Å∞ã¨∞ÎOk.
`≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’ „Ñ¨[Å∞ U ÉèÏ+¨ =∂\Ï¡_»`å~À ‰õÄ_® P"≥∞‰õΩ `≥Å∞™È ÖË^À?! P"≥∞
HõhãÖ ~år"£QÍOnè, `å`«QÍ~°∞ J~Ú# ÑÖ_ç`« [=Ç¨Ï~üÖÏÖò <≥„Ç¨˙r =∞<ÀÉèÏ"åÅ∞
ZÖÏ LO_Õ"À J=QÆ`«O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl ÉÏQÆ∞O_Õk. JÑ¨C_≥·<å `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ [iy#
J<åºÜ«∞O, PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ KÕã¨∞Î#fl J<åºÜ«∞O P"≥∞‰õΩ H˘O`≥·<å J~°÷O JÜÕ∞ºk. HõhãÖ
JÑ¨C_≥<· å `≥ÅOQÍ} K≥~° g_Õk?
PO„^èŒ–`≥ÅOQÍ}Å qb<åxfl <≥„Ç¨˙r =^ŒÌ<åfl~°∞. PÜ«∞#ÃÑ· QÆ_»ãï PO„^èŒ∞Å∞,
Ñ≤iH˜ |∂~°∞æÅ ~å=∞Hõ$ëê‚~å=Ù, ã¨#ºã≤Oz<å ‰õΩÅ`«`«Î fiO áÈQ˘@∞ìHÀx ~å=∂#O^Œ

f~°÷ ™êfi~°÷ PO„^èŒ Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞Åì ∞ XuÎ_ç `≥zÛ, ‰õΩ„@Å∞ KÕã≤ ã¨~ˆ #xÑ≤OKå~°∞. `≥ÅOQÍ}
Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ìÅ∞ J=∂Ü«∞HõOQÍ `«ÅÅ∂áê~°∞.
J~Ú#Ñ¨Ê\˜H˜ <≥„Ç¨˙ P<å_Õ J<åfl~°∞ ''QÆ_»ãï PO„^èŒ Ñ≤ÖÏ¡_çH˜, J=∂Ü«∞Hõ `≥ÅOQÍ}
ÉÏeHõ#Ω WzÛ ÃÑo§ KÕã∞¨ <Î åfl~°∞. J~Ú<å U"≥∞Oÿ k ''#K«ÛHõáÈ`Õ q_®‰õΩÅ∞ fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û
Jx <≥„Ç¨˙ J#fl =∂@Å#∞ ™ÈxÜ«∂ ÑïHÕKåe. 2004Ö’ x*Ï=∂ÉÏ^£Ö’ ÉÏi
=∞Ç≤ÏàÏ |Ç≤Ï~°OQÆ ã¨ÉèíÖ’ ™ÈxÜ«∂ "≥∞_»‰õΩ `≥ÅOQÍ} HõO_»∞= K«∞@∞ì‰õΩx =∂\Ï¡_ç#
=∂@Å#∞ [˝Ñ≤ÎH˜ `≥K«∞ÛHÀ"åe. `≥ÅOQÍ} "åi Lã¨∞~°∞ áÈã¨∞HÀ=_»O =∂#∞HÀ"åe.
™È<å JO>Ë |OQÍ~°O. P |OQÍ~°∞ `«e¡ D =∂@Å#∞ J~°÷O KÕã¨∞H˘x WÑ¨Ê\ỖH·<å
`≥ÅOQÍ}#∞ W¿ãÎ P"≥∞ `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ <åºÜ«∞O KÕã≤# ~åK«=x`«QÍ K«i„`«Ö’ xez
áÈ`«∞Ok.
ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ K«∞@∞ì „Ñ¨Hõ¯Å Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ Hõ|oã¨∞Î<åflˆ~q∞? =∂ =#~°∞Å J<åº„HÍO`«O
J=Ù`«∞<åfl~Ú. q^•º~°∞÷Å∞ x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å=Ù`«∞<åfl~°∞. `«Å∞¡Å∞ P_»Ñ≤Å¡efl J"Õ∞‡ã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞.
H˘O^Œ~°∞ Ü«Ú=`«∞Å∞ ÃãH±û =~°¯~°∞¡ J=Ù`«∞<åfl~°∞. ¿Ñ^Œ Ô~·`«∞Å∞ aèHõ∆QÍà◊√§QÍ J<å^äŒ
â◊"åÅ∞QÍ =∂~°∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. Wxfl HÍ#∞HõeKÕÛ g∞ ÃÑ`«Î#O =^ŒÌx D ^Õâ◊O, D ~åRO
=^ŒÌx `≥ÅOQÍ} áœ~°∞_»∞ ÉèÏqOKÕ ã≤÷uH˜ J`«xfl <≥>Ëìâß~°∞.
ÉèÏ+Ã̈Ñ· ^•_ç
n „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi q=~åÅ „Ñ¨HÍ~°"Õ∞ 1969 L^Œº=∞OÖ’ 369 =∞Ok K«xáÈÜ«∂~°∞.
217 =∞Ok QÍÜ«∞Ñ¨_®¤~°∞. 98 ™ê~°∞¡ HÍÅ∞ÊÅ∞ [iQÍ~Ú. ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£
#QÆ~°OÖ’<Õ 55 ™ê~°∞¡ HÍÅ∞ÊÅ∞ [iQÍ~Ú. 2001 `«~åfi`« WÑ¨C_»∞ ^•^•Ñ¨Ù
600 =∞Ok P`«‡Ç¨Ï`«ºÅ∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. Ñ¨Å∞=∂~°∞¡ HÍÅ∞ÊÅ∞ [iQÍ~Ú. HÍx
XHõ PO„^èŒ∞_çÃÑ· ‰õÄ_® Z=~°∂ ^•_ç KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞. XHõ¯ ~°HõÎO K«∞Hõ¯ HÍ~°ÖË^Œ∞.
WO^Œ∞Ö’ `≥ÅOQÍ} "åi ãÖ™ê¯~°O =∂„`«O PO„^èŒ q∂_çÜ«∂‰õΩ HõxÊOK«Hõ
áÈ=_»O q_»∂~¤ O° . q^•ºi÷ Ü«Ú=`«Å P`«‡Ç¨Ï`«º HõxÑ≤OK«=Ù. `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ [iy#
J<åºÜ« ∂ Å∞ q=iOz QÆ \ ˜ ì Q Í Jiz K≥ Ñ ≤ Ê <å qxÑ≤ O K« = Ù. L™ê‡xÜ« ∂
Ü«¸x=iû\˜Ö’ H˘O^Œ~°∞ =∂~°∞¯Å∞ `«‰õΩ¯= =zÛ# q^•º~°∞÷Å∞ XHõ PO„^èŒ
ÖˇHõÛ~°~ü#∞ ''^˘aƒ#O^Œ∞‰õΩ.. g∞_çÜ«∂Ö’ Öˇ·"£ K«~°ÛÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜ì ZO`« Ç¨Ï_®q_ç
KÕâß~À QÆ=∞xOK«^Œy# JOâ◊O.
n ^˘|ƒ_»O J<Õ Ñ¨^ŒOÖ’ PO„^èŒ∞Å‰õΩ |∂`«∞ ã¨∞Êiã¨∞ÎOk. HÍx WHõ¯_» ^˘|ƒ_»O
JO>Ë <≥@ì_»O '^˘OyeOK«_»O— J<Õ J~°÷O. áêãπáÈ~üì PÑ¶‘ãπÖ’ ‰õÄºÖ’
xÅ|_»¤Ñ¨C_»∞, ZO^Œ∞Hõ=∂‡ ^˘|∞ƒ`«∞<åfl=Ù Jx Ñ≤@ìÅ Nâ‹·ÅO "≥#∞Hõ L#fl

=∞Ç≤ÏÅ#∞ J_çy#O^Œ∞‰õΩ..., P"≥∞ Nâ‹·ÅO`À Q˘_»= Ñ¨_ç, u\˜ì, JkèHÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ
Ñ¶≤~åº^Œ∞ KÕã≤ '=∂— \©qÖ’ iáÈ~°ì~ü J~Ú# Ñ≤@ìÅ Nâ‹·ÅO, L^ÀºQÍxfl
T_»Q˘\˜ìOz HÍx P PO„^èŒ JHõ¯Ü«∞º âßOuOK«ÖË^Œ∞. #∞=Ùfi Jx =∞#O
Pf‡Ü«∞OQÍ JO>Ë "åiH˜ P Ñ¨^ŒO J=∞~åº^ŒQÍ qxÊã¨∞ÎOk. =∞i "å~°∞
'|∞Å¡ÉÏƒ~Ú— JO>Ë =∞#O U=∞#∞HÀ"åe! "å~°∞ K≥¿ÑÊ |∞e¡ Hõ|∞~°¡#∞ =∞#O
ZÖÏ J~°÷O KÕã¨∞HÀ"åe.
'Ç¨~ÚQÍ Ç¨ïëê~°∞QÍ *’~°∞QÍ +≤HÍ~°∞ áÈ^Œ=∂! Jx áê_»∞‰õΩ<Õ "åi ã≤x=∂
áê@Ö’ Ñ¨^•Åxfl L~°∂Ì"Õ HÍ^•!
<≥Ç„ ˙
¨ L"åK«
n qâßÖÏO„^è Œ "å^Œ # "≥ # ∞Hõ ''PO„^è Œ ∞ Å ^Œ ∞ ~åHõ „ Hõ = ∞} L^Õ Ì â ◊ º O, „¿Ñi`«
™ê„=∂[º"å^Œ `«`«fiO ^•y LOk—— Jx „Ñ¨^è•#=∞O„u ÑÖ_ç\ò [=Ç¨Ï~üÖÏÖò
<≥„Ç¨˙ ã¨Ê+ì̈OQÍ q=iOz K≥áêÊ~°∞ (1953 JHÀì|~ü 16 <å\˜ „ÃÑãπ HÍ#ÊùÔ~<£û).
^Œ~°MÏã¨∞Î, tã¨∞Î, Ô~·`«∞, Pi˚, K≥Å¡_»O, ~°∞ã¨∞O, ......
ÖÏO\˜ Z<Àfl T~°∂Ì, áêi≈ Ñ¨^•Å∞ PO„^èŒ„áêO`« =º=Ç¨iHõ ÉèÏ+¨Ö’ Hõeã≤
L<åfl~Ú. JÖÏ LO_»@O ^Àâ◊O Ug∞ HÍ^Œ∞. Jxfl „áêO`« ÉèÏ+¨Å∞ ™⁄OÑ¨ÙQÍ<Õ
LO\Ï~Ú J<Õ WOy`«O =∞iz `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`« ÉèÏ+¨#∞ ZQÆÃãHõ¯O KÕÜ«∞_»O
Uq∞\˜? D „áêO`« ÉèÏ+¨#∞ =∂O_»eHõO J#_»O Uq∞\˜? J~Ú`Õy~Ú`Õ
PO„^Œ„áêO`«OÖ’ =∂\Ï¡_Õk =∂O_»∂HõO J=Ù`«∞Ok.
áêÑÖ á⁄\˜ì N~å=ÚÅ∞
n =∞„^•ãπ #QÆ~°O `≥Å∞QÆ∞ "åiH˜ HÍ"åÅx, =∞„^•ãπ ~å[^è•xQÍ PO„^èŒ ~åRO
U~°Ê_®Åx <≥Å∂¡~°∞ lÖÏ¡‰õΩ K≥Ok# á⁄\˜ì N~å=ÚÅ∞ 1952 JHÀì|~ü 19#
=∞„^•ãπ Ö ’ |∞Å∞ã¨ ∞ ™êO|=¸iÎ WO\˜ =^Œ Ì P=∞~° } LÑ¨ " åã¨ nHõ ∆
„áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. _çÃãO|~ü 15= `Õk J~°ú~å„u ^•^•Ñ¨Ù 12 QÆO@Å‰õΩ á⁄\˜ì
N~å=ÚÅ∞ =∞~°}ÕKå~°∞. PÜ«∞# =∞~°}ÏxH˜ qâßÖÏO„^èŒ‰õΩ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï‰õΩ
ZÖÏO\˜ ãÖ|O^èŒO ÖË^Œ∞.
n á⁄\ì̃ N~å=ÚÅ∞ ™êx@i W<£ÃãÊHõì~ü L^ÀºQÆO KÕ¿ã"å_»∞. J=∂Ü«∞Hõ "≥·â◊√º_»∞,
<≥Å∂¡~°∞ ã¨fiã¨÷ÅO. áêÑÖ N~å=ÚÅ∞ =∞^èŒºÖ’ nHõ∆ q~°q∞^•Ì=∞x J#∞‰õΩ<åfl_»@.
HÍx H˘O^Œ~°∞ PÜ«∞##∞ ^•^•Ñ¨ÙQÍ |Å=O`«OQÍ nHõ∆Ö’ H˘#™êˆQÖÏKÕâß~°@.
PÜ«∞# „áê}Ïxfl ~å[H©Ü«∂Å HÀãÖ "å~°∞ JÖÏ |e KÕâß~°∞.
Ñ¨^=Œ `«~Q° uÆ Ö’ `≥ÅOQÍ} q^•º~°∞Å÷ Ñ¶Å≤ ~ì ü
`≥ÅOQÍ} q^•º~°∞÷Å#∞ Ñ¨^Œ= `«~°QÆuÖ’<Õ Ñ¶≤Åì~ü KÕã≤ áêˆ~Ü«∞_®xH˜ Q˘Ñ¨Ê
‰õΩ„@<Õ KÕâß~°∞. Jk <Õ\ ˜H˜ J=∞Å∞ J=Ù`«∞#flk. `≥ÅOQÍ} q^•º~°∞÷Å‰õΩ WOw¡+π
H˘O`« Hõ+¨ìOQÍ LO_Õ ã¨Éˇ˚‰õΩì. JÖÏˆQ PO„^èŒ, ã‘=∞ „áêO`« q^•º~°∞÷Å‰õΩ Ç≤ÏOn
H˘O`« Hõ+¨ìOQÍ LO@∞Ok. JO^Œ∞ˆH Ñ¨^Œ= `«~°QÆu Ñä¡H± ZQÍ˚"£∞Ö’ Ç≤ÏOn
ã¨Éˇ˚‰õΩìÖ’ 20 =∂~°∞¯ÅˆH áêãπ KÕã≤, ÃÑ·H˜ ÑÖÑ≤™êÎ~°∞. P Ç≤ÏOk Ñ¨sHõ∆Ö’
`≥ÅOQÍ} Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ JÅ"ÀHõQÍ áêãπ J=Ù`å~°∞, WOw¡+π giH˜ H˘OK≥O Hõ+ì̈"≥∞ÿ#
ã¨Éˇ˚H±ì.
Ç≤ÏOn ã¨É‰˚ˇ Ωõ Öì ’ ã‘=∂O„^èŒ Ñ≤ÅÅ¡ ‰õΩ HõeÊOz# "≥ã∞¨ Å∞ÉÏ@∞<Õ `≥ÅOQÍ} Ñ≤ÅÅ¡ ‰õΩ,
WOw¡+π ã¨Éˇ˚‰õΩìÖ’ W"åfie, HÍx JÖÏ W=fi_»O ÖË^Œ∞. `≥ÅOQÍ} q^•º~°∞÷Å#∞
ÅHõ∆ÖÏk =∞Okx WÖÏ Ñ¶≤Åì~ü KÕã≤ áêˆ~âß~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∂xfl NHõ$+¨‚ Hõq∞\˜
^Œ$+≤ìH˜ fã¨∞ÔHàı§ „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flO KÕÜ«∞QÍ "å~°∞ D q+¨Ü«∂xfl qxÊOK«∞HÀ<Õ ÖË^Œ∞.
`≥ÅOQÍ} "åi q„QÇÆ ¨ Å∞ JHõ¯_» ZO^Œ∞‰õΩO_»=Ù?
ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£`À ã¨Ç¨ `≥ÅOQÍ} Ñ¨@ì}ÏÅxflO\ PO„^èŒ <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ q„QÆÇ¨Å∞O\Ï~Ú.
HÍx ''PO„^èŒ Ñ¨@ì}ÏÖ’¡ XHõ¯ `≥ÅOQÍ} <åÜ«∞‰õΩ_ç q„QÆÇ¨ÏO ‰õÄ_® HõxÑ≤OK«^Œ∞.
á⁄\ì̃ N~å=ÚÅ∞, JÅ∂¡i, Z<£.\˜.P~ü. „Ñ¨HÍâ◊O, NN, "≥·.Zãπ. `«k`«~°∞Å q„QÆÇ¨Å∞
`≥ÅOQÍ} =∂~°∞=¸Å „QÍ=∂Ö’¡ ‰õÄ_® L<åfl~Ú. =∞i =∞# áÈ`«#, H˘=Ú~°OcèO,
^•â◊~°kä, ~å=∂#O^Œ f~°÷, ã¨∞~°=~°O, Ñ≤.q., K≥<åflÔ~_ç¤ ~å*Ï~åO, Dâ◊fi~°ÉÏ|∞,
ã¨^•ÅH˜∆ ‡, KåHõe SÅ=∞‡, |O^Œy, HÍà’l ÖÏO\˜ "åi q„QÆÇ¨Å∞ PO„^è•Ö’ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ
HõxÑ≤OK«=Ù? HõhãÖ ~°∞„^Œ=∞ q„QÆÇ¨Ï"≥∞ÿ<å ÖË^Õq∞?
áÈx PO„^è Œ Ö ’ ÖË = Ù. ÃÇ· Ï ^Œ ~ åÉÏ^£ Ö ’ ‰õ Ä _® ZO^Œ ∞ ‰õ Ω ÖË = Ù? ™ê^Œ t =Ô ~ _ç ¤ ,
~å*ÏnÑπã≤OQ∑, pÅO *Ï#H© ÉÏ~Ú, QÆ^•fiÅ ÅHõ∆ ‡=∞‡, `«∞„Ô~ÉÏ*ò MÏ<£, áÈ`«#,
Jiˆ Q ~å=∞™êfiq∞, Éè Ï QÆ º Ô ~ _ç ¤ =~° ‡ , Hõ $ +¨ ‚ ™ êfiq∞ =Úk~å*ò , [Ü« ∞ ã¨ ∂ ~° º ,
ëÈÜ«∞|∞ÖÏ¡MÏ<£, ã¨∞~°=~°O „Ñ¨`åÑÔ̈~_ç¤, ÉÁ[˚O #iûOÅ∞, ~åq<å~åÜ«∞} Ô~_ç¤, ^˘_ç¤
H˘=Ú~°Ü«∞º, |^ŒÌO ZÖÏ¡Ô~_ç¤, =\˜ìHÀ@ PàÏfi~°∞ ™êfiq∞, "≥kˆ~ ~å=∞K«O„^•Ô~_ç¤,
[ÖÏÅ∞kÌ<£, *Ï"Õ^£ ~°lfi, ÔH.q. ~°OQÍÔ~_ç¤ ÖÏO\˜ ZO^Œ~À „Ñ¨=ÚY∞Å q„QÆÇ¨Å∞
xÅáêeû# [O@#QÆ~åÖ’¡ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï‰õΩ, D #QÆ~åxH˜ U =∂„`«O ãÖ|O^èOŒ ÖËx
KÀ\Ï "≥Ú\Ï PO„^èŒ <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ q„QÆÇ¨Å∞ ÃÑ\˜ì g^èŒ∞Å‰õΩ, áê~ü¯Å‰õΩ "åi ¿Ñ~°∞¡
ÃÑ\ì̃ PO„nèHõiOK«_»O ‰õΩ„\Ö’ ÉèÏQÆ"Õ∞ Hõ^•?

ãÖr=Ô~_ç¤ #QÆ~ü, á⁄\ì̃ N~å=ÚÅ∞ #QÆ~ü, "≥OQÆàò~å=Ù #QÆ~ü, HÍã¨∞„|Ç¨‡ #O^ŒÔ~_ç¤
áê~°∞¯, ãÖr=Ü«∞º áê~°∞¯, ã¨∞O^Œ~°Ü«∞º áê~ü¯, JÜ«∞º^Õ=~° HÍàıâ◊fi~°~å=Ù Éèí=<£,
ã¨∞O^Œ~°Ü«∞º ˆHO„^ŒO, Z<£.\˜.P~ü QÍÔ~¤<£û, Ü«∞<£.\˜.P~ü. Ñ¶¨∂\ò, Z<£.\˜.P~ü Z~Ú~ü
áÈ~üìÅ∞, HÀ@¡ q[Ü«∞ÉèÏã¨¯~° Ô~_ç¤ ¿ãì_çÜ«∞O, ÉÏÅÜ≥∂y ¿ãì_çÜ«∞O, Z<£.l. ~°OQÍ
qâ◊fi q^•ºÅÜ«∞O, WÖÏ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£Ö’ Z@∞ K«∂ã≤<å PO„^èŒ <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ ¿Ñ~°∞¡
ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ HõxÑ≤™êÎ~Ú. WÑ¨C_»∞ H˘`«ÎQÍ "≥·.Zãπ. q„QÆÇ¨Å HÀãÖ QÆ^≥ÌÅ∞ `«Ü«∂~°∞
J=Ù`«∞<åfl~Ú. =∞# <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ ¿Ñ~°∞¡ q„QÆÇ¨Å∞ JHõ¯_®, WHõ¯_® ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ HõxÑ≤OK«=Ù,
qxÑ≤OK«=Ù.
ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ #_çÉÁ_»∞¤# "≥eã≤# `≥Å∞QÆ∞ Ü«¸x=iû\˜H˜ áÈ`«#, ã¨∞~°=~°O, ^•â◊~°käÅ
¿Ñ~°∞ ÃÑ@ì‰õΩO_® á⁄\˜ì N~å=ÚÅ∞ ¿Ñ~°∞ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ ÃÑ\Ïì~°∞. á⁄\˜ì N~å=ÚÅ∞‰õΩ
`≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ ãÖ|O^èŒO U^≥·<å LO^•? PÜ«∞# P=∞~°} nHõ∆ KÕã≤Ok, K«xáÈ~ÚOk
=∞„^•ãπ #QÆ~åxfl PO„^èŒ∞Å‰õΩ W"åfiÅx, PO„^èŒ ~åRO U~°Ê_®Åx Hõ^•?
á⁄\ì̃ N~å=ÚÅ∞ K«xáÈ~Ú# ~ÀA <å\˜ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ Ñ¨„uHõ#∞ uiˆQ¿ãÎ D q+¨Ü∞« O
ã¨Ê+ì̈OQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞ÎOk. D q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ =∞##∞ "≥∞ã¨‡Ô~·*ò KÕÜ«∞_»O Uq∞\˜?
á⁄\˜ì N~å=ÚÅ∞#∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} "åi <≥uÎ g∞^Œ ~°∞^ŒÌ_»O ^ÕxH˜? =∞„^•ãπ #QÆ~åxfl
HÀÖ’Ê~Ú#O^Œ∞‰õΩ PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ á⁄\ì̃ N~å=ÚÅ∞ =~°úOux 'ÉÏ¡H± _Õ—QÍ áê\ÕK«∞HÀ"åe
QÍx PÜ«∞##∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} "åi <≥uÎ# ‰õÄ~ÀÛÃÑ@ì_»O J<åºÜ«∞O. PÜ«∞# ¿Ñ~°∞#∞
`≥Å∞QÆ∞ Ü«¸x=iû\˜H© ÃÑ@ì_»O =∞s J<åºÜ«∞O.
Z<£.\˜. ~å=∂~å=Ù JO`«º„H˜Ü«∞Å#∞ PÜ«∞# ã¨fiã¨÷ÅO x=∞‡‰õÄ~°∞Ö’ HÍ‰õΩO_®
\ÏºOH±|O_£ X_»∞¤# ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞. WÖÏO\˜ ‰õΩ„@ Ñ¨Ói`« Ñ¨#∞Å∞ "å~°∞
Zxfl KÕâß~À q=iOKåÅO>Ë "ÕÅ ¿ÑrÅ Ñ¨ÙãÎ̈HõO J=ã¨~°O.
XHõÑC¨ _»∞ L™ê‡xÜ«∂ Ü«¸x=iû\˜ ÑïkèÖ’ L#fl =º=™êÜ«∞ qâ◊fiq^•º ÅÜ«∂xH˜
Z.Ñ≤. J„yHõÅÛ~°Öò Ü«¸x=iû\˜ Jx ¿Ñ~°∞ LO_Õk. P `«~åfi`« nxfl D „áêO`åxH˜
ãÖ|O^èŒO ÖËx =ºHÎ̃ Z<£.l. ~°OQÍ ¿Ñ~°∞ g∞kH˜ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ =∂~åÛ~°∞. ~°OQÍ QÍix
Q“~°qOK«∞HÀ"åÅO>Ë H˘`«Î qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O ÃÑ\˜ì ^•xH˜ PÜ«∞# ¿Ñ~°∞ ÃÑ@ì=K«∞Û
JO`ÕQÍx L#fl^•xx =∂~åÛeû# J=ã¨~O° Uq∞\˜?
ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£Ö’x L™ê‡xÜ«∂, QÍOnè "≥∞_çHõÖò HÍÖËrÅ#∞ L™ê‡xÜ«∂ Ñïkè #∞O_ç
`«Ñ≤ÊOz q[Ü«∞"å_» ˆHO„^ŒOQÍ U~°Ê_ç# Z<£.\˜.P~ü. ÃÇÏÖòÎ Ü«¸x=iû\˜ „HÕkH˜
=∂~°Û_»O ‰õΩ„@Ö’ ÉèÏQÆO HÍ^•? Nâ‹·ÅO P#Hõ@ì ¿Ñ~°∞#∞ 'hÅO ãÖr=Ô~_ç¤
P#Hõ@ì—QÍ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ =∂~°∞™êÎ~°∞.
\ÏºOH±|O_£ÃÑ· q„QÆÇ¨Å∞ ÃÑ>Ëì@Ñ¨C_»∞ JO^Œ∞Ö’ `≥ÅOQÍ} "åi ¿Ñ~°¡#∞, H˘xfl
‰õΩÖÏÅ‰õΩ K≥Ok# „Ñ¨=ÚY∞Å ¿Ñ~°¡#∞ =^ŒÌx Ñ¨xQÆ@∞ì‰õΩx JÑ¨Ê\˜ =ÚYº=∞O„u
Z<£.\˜.~å=∂~å=Ù ã¨∞<åfl K«∞@ì_»O J|^ŒÌ=∂? D `«`«OQÍxfl ^ŒQÆæ~°∞O_ç K«∂ã≤#
QÀ>Ë\ ˜ ~å=∞K«O^Œ~~° å=Ù ÖÏO\˜ PO„^èŒ JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ WOHÍ „|uˆH L<åfl~°∞. x["Õ∞q∞\’
"å~°∞ |Ç≤Ï~°OQÆOQÍ =zÛ "≥Å¡_ç™êÎ~å?
=Úb¯Å Ç¨Ï‰õΩ¯Å Ñï~°Hõ∆}‰õΩ x*ÏO Ñ¶¨~å‡<å
1919Ö’ U_»= x*ÏO =Úb¯ x|O^èŒ#ÅÃÑ· XHõ Ñ¶¨~å‡<å#∞ *Ïs KÕâß~°∞. JO^Œ∞Ö’
„Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi L^ÀºQÍÅÖ’ ˆH=ÅO =Úb¯Å<Õ xÜ«∞q∞OKåÅx P^ÕtOKå~°∞. D Ñ¶¨~å‡<å
„Ñ¨HÍ~°O ÃÇ·Ï„^•ÉÏ^Œ∞ ~åROÖ’ [x‡Oz# "å~°∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ Jã¨Öˇ·# =Úb¯Å∞.
1933Ö’ x*ÏO =∞~À Ñ¶¨~å‡<å fã≤ L^ÀºQÆ xÜ«∂=∞HÍÅÖ’ ã¨=∞~°÷=O`«"≥∞ÿ#,
q^•º=O`«∞Öˇ·# =Úb¯ÅˆH „áê^è•#º`« W"åfiÅx Ç¨ï‰õÄO *Ïs KÕâß~°∞. Z=Ô~·<å
QÆ`« 15 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ #∞O_ç =~°∞ã¨QÍ ~åROÖ’ x=ã≤ã¨∂Î uiy "≥#H˜¯ "≥àı¡ PÖ’K«#
ÖËx"å~°∞ ‰õÄ_® =Úb¯ÖË#x `«~åfi`« J<åfl~°∞.
=Úb¯ L^Œº=∞ <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞ ‰õΩ=∂i Ñ¨^Œ‡*Ï <åÜ«Ú_»∞, _®Hõì~ü JbÑ¶π ã¨~¸^£, |∂~°∞æÅ
~å=∞Hõ$ëê‚~å=Ù, =∞O^Œ∞=ÚÅ #iûOQÆ~å"£, g∞~ü JHõƒ~ü JbMÏ<£ `«k`«~°∞Å∞ D
Ñ¶¨~å‡<å WzÛ#O^Œ∞‰õΩ x*ÏO‰õΩ Hõ$`«[˝`«Å∞ K≥áêÊ~°∞.
=Úb¯ x|O^è#Œ Å∞
x*ÏO áêÅ#Ö’ ‰õÄ_® L`«Î~åk "åi<Õ L^ÀºQÍÖ’¡ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ xÜ«∞q∞OKå~°∞.
JO^Œ∞=Å¡ ™ê÷x‰õΩÅ‰õΩ L^ÀºQÍ=HÍâßÅ∞ ^ŒHõ¯‰õΩO_® áÈÜ«∂~Ú. D <ÕÑ¨^äŒºOÖ’
<≥·*ÏO „áêO`«OÖ’ =Ù^ÀºQÍÅ#∞ ™ê÷x‰õΩÅˆH W"åfiÅx D „áêO`«O Ü«Ú=`«~°O
_ç=∂O_£ KÕã≤Ok. U_»= <≥·*ÏO (1919) =Úb¯ x|O^èŒ#Å#∞ „Ñ¨"Õâ◊ÃÑ\Ïì_»∞.
`≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’ L^ÀºQÆO á⁄O^•ÅO>Ë HõhãÖ 15 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ x"åã¨ Ü≥∂QÆº`«
LO_®Åx D =Úb¯x|O^èŒ#Ö’¡ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. JO`ÕHÍ‰õΩO_® L^ÀºQÆ q~°=∞} `«~åfi`«
‰õÄ_® D „áêO`«OÖ’<Õ x"åãÖ LO_®Åx x|O^èŒ#ÅÖ’ xˆ~ÌtOKå~°∞.
A person shall be called Mulki as he was a permanent resi-
dent of Hyderabad State for atleast 15 years and abandoned
the idea of returning to the place of his previous residence and
has obtained an affidavit to that affect on a prescribed form
attested by a magistrate.

`≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ ~°H}∆õ Å∞
1957Ö’ Ö’H±ã¨Éèí ZOáê¡~Ú"≥∞O@∞ K«\Ïìxfl P"≥∂kOzOk. PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò Ö’x
`≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`åxH˜, Ç≤Ï=∂K«Öò„Ñ¨^Õâò, =∞}˜Ñ¨Ó~ü, „uÑ¨Ù~° „áêO`åÅ‰õΩ =∂„`«O
x"å™ê~°›`«Å#∞ H˘#™êyOzOk. D K«@ìO ^•fi~å PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò ~åROÖ’x ã¨ÉÏi¤<Õ\ò
L^ÀºQÍÅ‰õΩ x"åã¨ Ü≥∂QÆº`«‰õΩ ãÖ|OkOz# xÜ«∞=∂=ox ~°∂á⁄OkOK«\ÏxH˜
ÉèÏ~°`« „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ JkèHÍ~°O ãÖ„Hõq∞OzOk. ÉèÏ~°`« „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO 1959Ö’
PO„^è Œ „ Ñ¨ ^ Õ â ò „Ñ¨ É è í ∞ `Àfi^ÀºQÆ (x"å™ê~° › ` « ‰ õ Ω ã¨ O |Okè O z) x|O^è Œ # Å#∞
~°∂á⁄OkOzOk. D K«@ìO "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ^Œá¶êQÍ 21.3.1959 #∞O_ç J~Ú^ÕO_»¡
HÍÅÑïq∞uÖ’ J=∞Å∞Ö’H˜ =KåÛ~Ú. `«~°∞"å`« "å\˜x =∞~˘Hõ S^ÕO_»¡ HÍÖÏxH˜,
JO>Ë 20.3.1969 =~°‰õΩ á⁄_çyOKå~°∞. 1968 JHÀì|~°∞Ö’ z=i ™êiQÍ =∞~À
J~Ú^ÕO_»∞¡ =~°‰Ωõ JO>Ë 20.3.1974 =~°‰Ωõ á⁄_çyOK«=∞x Hˆ O„^ŒO ~åR „Ñ¨É∞íè `åfixfl
HÀiOk.
ÃÇ·ÏHÀ~°∞ì – ã¨∞„Ñ‘OHÀ~°∞ì f~°∞ÊÅ∞
D x|O^èŒ#Å∞ K«@ì ã¨=∞‡`«"≥∞ÿ#q HÍ=x <åºÜ«∞™ê÷#OÖ’ PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ KèåÖˇOl
KÕã#≤ Ñ¨C_»∞ 28.3.1969 <å\˜ f~°∞ÊÖ’ x"åã¨ Ü≥∂QÆº`«‰Ωõ ãÖ|OkèOz# xÜ«∞=∂Å∞
K≥Å¡<Õ~°=x ã¨∞„Ñ‘O HÀ~°∞ì f~°∞Ê K≥Ñ≤ÊOk. x"åã¨ Ü≥∂QÆº`« ~å„ëêìxHõO`å =iÎOKåe
HÍh ~åROÖ’x XHõ „áêO`åxH˜ =iÎOK«^Œx HÀ~°∞ì f~°∞Ê ™ê~åOâ◊O. PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ D
f~°∞Ê ~å=_®xH˜ <åºÜ«∞™ê÷<åxfl "Õ∞<Õ*ò KÕâß~°x, ã¨∞„Ñ‘OHÀ~°∞ì <åºÜ«∞=¸iÎx H˘<åfl~°x
`≥ÅOQÍ} "åi P~ÀÑ¨}. D f~°∞Ê =zÛ# "≥O@<Õ PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO Ñïã≤÷ux
ã¨g∞H˜∆Oz, L^ÀºQÍ=HÍâßÅ q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`«O "åiH˜ ~°Hõ∆}Å∞
HõeÊOK«@O J=ã¨~°=∞x, JÖÏ âßã¨#O KÕÜ«∞\ÏxH˜ gÅ∞QÍ ÉèÏ~°`« ~å*ÏºOQÍxfl
ã¨=iOK«\ÏxH˜ K«~°ºÅ∞ KÕÑ¨\ÏìeûOkQÍ ÉèÏ~°`« „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixfl HÀiOk.
WkÖÏ LO_»QÍ PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò ÃÇ·ÏHÀ~°∞ì 9.12.1970# XHõ f~°∞Ê WzÛOk. ÉèÏ~°`«
~å*ÏºOQÆO J=∞Å∞Ö’xH˜ ~åHõ=ÚO^Œ∞ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi L^ÀºQÆ xÜ«∂=∞HÍÅ q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’
Ñ¨Ó~°fiÑ¨Ù ÃÇ·Ï„^•ÉÏ^Œ∞ ~åROÖ’ L#fl ''=Úb¯ x|O^èŒ#Å K«@ìO—— J=∞Å∞Ö’
=Ù#fl@∞¡QÍ ÉèÏqOK«∞HÀ"åÅx ÃÇ·ÏHÀ~°∞ì f~°∞Ê WzÛOk. D q+¨Ü«∂<Õfl Ñ¨Ù#ó
ÑïjeOz# PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò ÃÇ·Ï HÀ~°∞ì 14.2.1972# =∞~À f~°∞Ê Wã¨∂Î 1.11.56
`«~°∞"å`« =Úb¯ x|O^èŒ#Å∞ K≥Å¡<Õ~°=x f~°∞Ê#∞ WzÛOk. ~åR „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO =Úb¯
x|O^èŒ#Å q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ Ñ¨Ó~°fiO #∞O_ç J#∞ãïã¨∂Î =zÛ# J#∞‰õÄÅ q^è•<åxH˜
J#∞QÆ∞}OQÍ ÃÇ·ÏHÀ~°∞ì f~°∞ÊÃÑ· „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO ã¨∞„Ñ‘O HÀ~°∞ì‰õΩ JÑ‘ÊÅ∞ KÕã≤Ok.
3.10.1970# ã¨∞„Ñ‘O HÀ~°∞ì f~°∞Ê Wã¨∂Î PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò J=`«~°} `«~°∞"å`« ‰õÄ_®
=Úb¯ x|O^èŒ#Å∞ J=∞Å∞Ö’ =ÙO\ÏÜ«∞x, Jq K«@ì ã¨=∞‡`«"≥∞ÿ#=x „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕzOk.
D f~°∞Ê#∞ PO„^èŒáêÅ‰õΩÅ∞ `«∞OQÆÖ’ `˘HÍ¯~°∞.
ÑÃ ^ŒÌ =∞#∞+¨µºÅ XÑ¨ÊO^ŒO
`≥ÅOQÍ} „Ñ¨[Ö’¡ L#fl ÉèíÜ«∞ãÖ^ÕÇ¨Å#∞ `˘ÅyOKÕ L^ÕÌâ◊ºO`À<Õ PO„^èŒ <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞
J<ÕHõ Ç¨g∞Å∞ WKåÛ~°∞. J~Ú`Õ J=hfl ÑÖK«áêO_»=ÙÅ ™ê"Õ∞`«=O\˜q. ''Hõ_»∞Ñ¨ÙÖ’
Hõ`«∞ÎÅ∞ <À@ ÉˇÖÏ¡Å∞—— ÃÑ@∞ìH˘x WzÛ# Ç¨g∞Å∞ Jx. JO^Œ∞Ö’ ÃÑ^ŒÌ =∞#∞+¨µºÅ
XÑ¨ÊO^ŒO XHõ¯\˜. D XÑ¨ÊO^•Å∞ Jxfl J=∞Å∞ HÍx"Õ. D q+¨Ü∞« O "åiH˜ =ÚO^Õ
ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞. JO^Œ∞ˆH ÃÑ^ŒÌ ÃÑ^ŒÌ Ç¨g∞Å∞ WKåÛ~°∞. `≥ÅOQÍ} "å~°∞ "å\˜x
J=∂Ü«∞HõOQÍ #q∞‡ "≥∂ã¨áÈÜ«∂~°∞, =OK«#‰õΩ QÆ∞i JÜ«∂º~°∞.
PO„^èŒ„áêO`«O #∞O_ç =ÚYº=∞O„u Éˇ["å_» QÀáêÅÔ~_ç¤, LÑ¨=ÚYº=∞O„u hÅO
ãÖr=Ô~_ç¤, `«k`«~°∞Å∞ =∞„i K≥<åflÔ~_ç¤, ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ ~åR HÍO„ÔQãπ Hõq∞\˜ J^èŒº‰õ∆Ω_»∞
*ˇ.q. #iûOQ∑~å=ÙÅ∞, ÔH.q. ~°OQÍÔ~_ç¤, |∂~°∞æÅ 19.7.1956# ã¨=∂"Õâ◊"≥∞ÿ# 'ÃÑ^ŒÌ
=∞#∞+¨µºÅ— ¿Ñi@ XÑ¨ÊO^ŒOÃÑ· ãÖ`«HÍÅ∞ KÕâß~°∞.
1. PO„^è Œ „ Ñ¨ ^ Õ â ò ~åR ™ê^è • ~° } Ñ¨ i áêÅ# =∞iÜ« Ú ~åR ™ê÷ ~ Ú L=∞‡_ç
HÍ~åºÅÜ«∂Å‰õΩ JÜÕ∞º Y~°∞Û PO„^èŒ `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`åÅ 2:1 x+¨ÊuÎÖ’ ÉèíiOKåe.
q∞ye# P^•Ü«∂xfl `≥ÅOQÍ}„áêO`åaè=$kú H˘~°ˆH qxÜ≥∂yOKåe. ~å„ëêìxH˜
P^•Ü«∞O =KÕÛ =∞^èŒº x¿+^èŒOÃÑ· JOu=∞ x~°‚Ü«∂kèHÍ~°O P „áêO`« âßã¨#Éèí∞ºÅˆH
=ÙO@∞Ok.
2. "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# `≥ÅOQÍ} q^•º~°OQÆOÖ’ Jaè=$kú KÕÜ«∞\ÏxH˜ q^•º=ã¨`«∞Å#∞
P „áêO`«Ñ¨Ù q^•º~°∞÷Å H˘~°ˆH ˆH\Ï~ÚOKåe. ÖË^• ~åRO "≥Ú`«ÎOÖ’ L#fl q^•º
ãÖã¨÷Å ã‘@¡xfl\˜Ö’ 1/3 =O`«∞ ã‘@¡#∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} q^•º~°∞÷Å‰õΩ ˆH\Ï~ÚOKåe. D
Ô~O_»∞ JOâßÖ’¡ `≥ÅOQÍ}„áêO`«O "åiH˜ Uk P"≥∂^Œ"≥∞ÿ`Õ J^Õ J=∞Å∞ Ñ¨~°Kåe.
3. `≥ÅOQÍ} PO„^èŒ qb#O `«~åfi`« „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi ~°OQÆOÖ’ D J^Œ#Ñ¨Ù L^ÀºQÆ∞Å#∞
`˘ÅyOK«@O `«Ñ¨Êxãï J~Ú`Õ, Ô~O_»∞ „áêO`åÅ [<åÉèÏ x+¨ÊuÎ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O
`˘ÅyOKåe. P `«~åfi`« #∂`«# xÜ«∞=∂HÍÅ#∞ Ô~O_»∞ „áêO`åÅ [<åÉèÏ x+¨ÊuÎ
„Ñ¨HÍ~°O `˘ÅyOKåe. P `«~åfi`« #∂`«# xÜ«∞=∂HÍÅ∞ Ô~O_»∞ „áêO`åÅ [<åÉèÏ
„áêuÑ¨kHõÃÑ· =ÙO_®e.
4. `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`«OÖ’ L^ÀºQÍÅ∞ á⁄O^•ÅO>Ë xs‚`« x+¨ÊuÎ`À áê@∞QÍ Hõhã¨
x"åã¨ x|O^Œ# (=Úb¯ x|O^èŒ#) =ÙO_®e. nxH˜ D „áêO`«OÖ’ HõhãÖ 15
ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞ x"åãÖ =ÙO_®eû LO@∞Ok.
5. "≥ # ∞Hõ | _ç # `≥ Å OQÍ} J=ã¨ ~ åÅ#∞ ^Œ $ +≤ ì Ö ’ LOK« ∞ H˘x P „áêO`« Ñ ¨ Ù
ã¨=∞„QÍaè=$kú ™êkèOK«\ÏxH˜ XHõ ã¨fi`«O„`«"≥∞ÿ# „áêOfÜ«∂aè=$kú =∞O_»e LO_®e.
`≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`åxH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz „Ñ¨}ÏoHõÅ∞, h\˜ áê~°∞^ŒÅ, =º=™êÜ«∞O,
áêi„âßq∞HÍaè=$kú ÃÑ· =∞O_»e—H˜ ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ JkèHÍ~°O LO_®e. `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`«OÖ’
L#fl Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ „áêOfÜ«∂aè=$kú =∞O_»e J#∞=∞u ÖË‰õΩO_® `≥ÅOQÍ}Ë`«~°∞Å∞
H˘#\ÏxH˜ gÅ∞ÖË^Œ∞.
6. ~å[H©Ü«∞ Ñ¨^Œ=ÙÅ‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz =ÚYº=∞O„u PO„^èŒ „áêO`«O "å~°~Ú`Õ,
`≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`«O =ºH˜Î LÑ¨ =ÚYº=∞O„uQÍ LO_®Åx, XHõ"Õà◊ `≥ÅOQÍ}
„áêO`«O K≥Ok# "åˆ~ =ÚYº=∞O„u J~Ú`Õ PO„^èŒ„áêO`«O "åiH˜ LÑ¨ =ÚYº=∞O„u
Ñ¨^Œq =ÙO_®e =∞O„u =∞O_»eÖ’ PO„^èŒ, `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`åÅ‰õΩ K≥Ok# „Ñüx^èŒ∞Å
ãÖYº 3:2 x+¨ÊuÎÖ’ LO_®e.
(ãÖ`«HÍÅ `«_ç P~°Hõ=ÚO^Õ D XÑ¨ÊO^•xfl LÅ¡OÑ¶≤∞Oz# hK«∞Å∞ P ÃÑ^ŒÌ
=∞#∞+¨µºÅ∞. "åi LÅ¡OÑ¶¨∞#‰õΩ L¿ÑH˜∆Oz#O^Œ∞‰õΩ `≥ÅOQÍ} ÃÑ^ŒÌ =∞x+≤ XHõ~°∞
P ~ÀAÖ’¡<Õ HÀ\˜ ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å ÅOK«O fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl_»#flk P~ÀÑ¨}. W`«QÍ_Õ ã¨"∞≥ Hÿ ÍºO„^èŒ
áêÅ##∞ ã¨=∞i÷ã¨∂Î, á⁄QÆ_»∞`«∂ Ñ¨ÙãÎ̈HõO ‰õÄ_» ~åâß_»∞.)
''ÃÑ^ŒÌ =∞#∞+¨µºÅ XÑ¨ÊO^ŒO—— LÅ¡OÑ¶∞¨ #
PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò ~å„ëêì=`«~°} `˘e ~À*Ë ÃÑ^ŒÌ =∞#∞+¨µºÅ XÑ¨ÊO^ŒOÖ’ ¿Ñ~˘¯#fl
JOâßÅ#∞ ÉÏÇ¨@OQÍ LÅ¡OÑ¶≤∞OKå~°∞. ~å„ëêì=`«~°} `«~åfi`« U~°Ê_ç# =∞O„u
=~°æOÖ’ PO„^èŒ „áêO`åxH˜ K≥Ok# hÅO ãÖr=Ô~_ç¤ =ÚYº=∞O„u HÍ=@O =Å¡
`≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`«O #∞Oz LÑ¨ =ÚYº=∞O„u HÍ=Åã≤ =ÙO_Õ. J~Ú`Õ LÑ¨
=ÚYº=∞O„u Ñ¨^qŒ J<Õk 'P~À"ÕÅ∞ ÖÏO\˜^xŒ — Jk J#=ã¨~=° ∞x JO`«‰Ωõ =ÚO^Œ∞
~ÀA =~°‰õΩ LÑ¨ =ÚYº=∞O„uQÍ L#flhÅO ãÖr=Ô~_ç¤ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl_»∞. `≥ÅOQÍ}
"å~°∞ =∞~åº^Œã∞¨ Å÷ ∞ HÍ|\ì̃ P<å_»∞ JÅ¡i KÕÜ∞« ÖË^∞Œ . D LÅ¡OÑ¶∞¨ ##∞ „Ñ¨tflOK«‰Ωõ O_®
LO_ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ XHõ `≥ÅOQÍ} ÃÑ^ŒÌ =∞x+≤H˜ P ~ÀAÖ’¡<Õ HÀ\˜ ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å∞
ÅOK« O WKåÛ_» x .. ÃÇÏKü . ZO.\˜ . q. "åi ÃÇ· Ï ^Œ ~ åÉÏ^£ HÍ~° º „Hõ = ∞OÖ’ XHõ
q^•º=O`«∞_»∞ P~ÀÑ≤OKå_»∞. Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å#∞ ã¨∂Hõ; ^Œ$+≤ì`À Ñïje¿ãÎ JO^Œ∞Ö’ H˘O`«
x[O LO^Œ<Õ JxÊã¨∞Î#flk. P ÅOK«O fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl ÃÑ^ŒÌ=∞x+≤ `«~åfi`« qâßÖÏO„^èŒ#∞
ã¨=∞i÷ã¨∂Î KåÖÏ ~å`«Å∞ ~åâß_»∞. ãÖÑ¨#∞fl_»Ü«∂º_»∞.

Éè∂í =ÚÅ∞, L^ÀºQÍÅ∞, ã‘@∞¡ HÍ*Ëã#≤ f~°∞
„áêOfÜ«∞ Jaè=$kú É’~°∞¤ J#∞=∞u ÖË‰õΩO_® PO„^èŒ„áêO`«O #∞Oz =zÛ# "å~°∞
ÅHõ∆ÖÏk ZHõ~åÅ Éèí∂q∞ H˘<Õâß~°∞. „áê*ˇ‰õΩìÅ HÕ^Œ h\˜ =ãü =Ù#fl Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞
Éèíq+¨º`üÖ’ ™êQÆ∞ h\˜ =ãü á⁄O^Õ J=HÍâ◊O =Ù#fl =~°OQÆÖò, Y=∞‡O, PkÖÏÉÏ^£,
#ÖÁæO_» lÖÏ¡Ö’¡ J@g „áêO`«Ñ¨Ù Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ ã¨fiÅÊ ^èŒ~°Å‰õΩ H˘<åfl~°∞. H˘xfl KÀ@¡
P„Hõq∞OK«∞H˘<åfl~°∞. =∞iH˘xfl KÀ@¡ Hõ~°}ÏÅ#∞, Ô~"≥#∂º JkèHÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ "≥∞Ñ≤ÊOz
iHÍ~°∞¤Ö’¡ "åi ¿Ñ~°∞ ~å~ÚOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. HÀ~°∞ìÅ#∞ "Õ∞<Õ*ò KÕã≤ =∞iH˘xfl Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞
ã¨fiO`«O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. P q^èŒOQÍ PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ HõÉÏ˚ KÕâß~°∞.
<≥·*ÏOÖ’ W`«~° „áêO`åÅ "åiH˜`« Éèí∂=ÚÅ∞ H˘<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ x¿+^èŒO LO_Õk. =∂Å,
=∂kQÆ ‰õΩÅã¨∞÷Å‰õΩ D x|O^èŒ##∞ q∞#Ç¨~ÚOKÕ "å~°∞. nxfl J=HÍâ◊OQÍ fã¨∞‰õΩx
PO„^èŒ„áêO`« #∞O_ç 1930, 40, 50Ö’¡ =Åã¨=zÛ# J„QÆ‰õΩÅ PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ H˘O^Œ~°∞
`«=∞x `å=Ú =∂Å, =∂kQÆÅ∞QÍ "≥Å¡_çOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. "å~°∞ JÖÏ ^˘OQÆ ^•iÖ’
Éèí∂=ÚÅ∞ ãÖáêkOK«∞HÀQÍ, "åi Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ H˘O^Œ~°∞ nxfl J=HÍâ◊OQÍ fã¨∞‰õΩx
1950 `«~åfi`« Zãπã≤ ãïìÑ¶≤ÔH@∞¡ fã¨∞‰õΩx _®Hõì~°∞¡, WO[h~°∞¡ JÜ«∂º~°∞.
`≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`«OÖ’ =Ù#fl q^•º ãÖã¨÷Ö’¡ ã‘@¡hfl `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`«O "åiˆH
K«@ìs`åº ˆH\Ï~ÚOK«=Åã≤ =Ù#flÑ¨Ê\˜H© Ö’HõÖò ãïìÑ¶≤ÔH\òÃÑ\˜ì PO„^èŒ„áêO`«O "åˆ~
ÃÑ^ŒÌ ãÖYºÖ’ „Ñ¨"ÕâßÅ∞ á⁄O^•~°∞. `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`«O L^ÀºQÍÖ’¡ PO„^èŒ„áêO`«O
"åi<Õ ÃÑ^ŒÌ Z`«∞Î# xÜ«∞q∞OK«@O [iyOk. ™ê÷x‰õΩÅˆH W"åfieû# L^ÀºQÍÅ∞
x|O^èŒ#Å‰õΩ hà◊√§ "˘kÖÏ~°∞. `«`«Êùe`«OQÍ áÈbã¨∞ JkèHÍ~°∞Ö’¡ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï "å~°∞
U_»O>Ë U_»∞ âß`«"Õ∞ L<åfl~°∞. ^•^•Ñ¨Ù Jxfl âßYÖ’¡ W^Õ Ñïã≤÷u LOk.
"≥Ú#fl ZÑ≤Ñ≤Zãπã≤ „QÆ∂Ñπ–1 L^ÀºQÆ xÜ«∂=∞HÍÖ’¡ Q˘_»= [iyOk. P^•Ü«∞O
Ç¨ÏŸ^• L#fl =∞Oz L^ÀºQÍÅxfl Hõ_»Ñ¨ lÖÏ¡ "åiH˜, ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞ Ô~_ç¤ ‰õΩÅã¨∞÷Å‰õΩ,
XHõ\ ˜ J~°q∞ye LO>Ë W`«~° „áêO`« Ô~_»¡ˆH =KåÛ~Ú. W`«~°∞Å‰õΩ „áê^è•#º`« ÖËx
L^ÀºQÍÅ∞ =KåÛ~Ú. D J<åºÜ«∞O ZÑ¨C_»∂ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#flk. Z<£.\˜.~å=∂~å=Ù
=ÚYº=∞O„u J~Ú# "≥O@<Õ [iy# xÜ«∞=∂HÍÖ’¡ `«Ñ¨Ê „Ñü™êi `≥ÅOQÍ}
q^•º~°∞÷Å#∞ J<åºÜ«∞O KÕâß~°∞.
`≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`åxH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz# q∞QÆ∞Å∞ x^èŒ∞Å#∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`« Jaè=$kúH˜
qxÜ≥∂yOKåÅ#fl x|O^èŒ# =Ù#flÑ¨Ê\˜H© P x^èŒ∞Å#∞ PO„^èŒ„áêO`«O Ö’<Õ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ
Y~°∞Û KÕâß~°∞. WÑ¨Ê\˜ =~°‰õΩ L^ÀºQÍ=HÍâßÅ∞, =#~°∞Å∞ H˘>Ëìâß~°∞. U „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO
âßYÖ’#∞ L#fl`åkèHÍ~°∞Ö’¡ `≥ÅOQÍ} "å~°∞ 10 âß`«O q∞Oz ÖË~°∞. |∂~°∞æÅ
~å=∞Hõ$ëê‚~å=Ù Éèí=#OÖ’ Ñ¨Å∞ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi HÍ~åºÅÜ«∂Å∞<åfl~Ú. P Éèí=#OÖ’ [iÑ≤#
XHõ J#kèHÍ~° ã¨ˆ~fi „Ñ¨HÍ~°O `≥ÅOQÍ} L^ÀºQÆ∞Å∞ 10 âß`«O q∞OzÖË~°∞ Jx
`ÕeOk. D ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ ^ÀÑ≤_ôÅ∞ ãïáÈÖË^Œx WÑ¨C_»∞ Éèí∂=ÚÅ#∞ *ÏQÍÅ#∞
J=Ú‡`«∞<åfl~°∞. WO`«\ ˜ J<åºÜ«∞O D Éèí∂=∞O_»ÅO g∞^Œ<Õ ZHõ¯_® [~°QÆ_»O ÖË^Œ∞.
P~°∞ ã¨∂`„ åÅ Ñ¨^HŒä Oõ – 1973
PO„^èŒ L^Œº=∂xH˜ `«ÖÁyæ `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ WzÛ# ~°Hõ∆}Åxfl\˜h ˆHO„^Œ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO ~°^Œ∞Ì
KÕã≤Ok. HõO\˜ `«∞_»∞Ñ¨ÙQÍ L`«∞ÎuÎ „Ñ¨`åº=∂flÜ«∞ Ñ¨^äŒHÍxfl ~°∂á⁄OkOzOk J^Õ
P~°∞ ã¨∂„`åÅ Ñ¨^äŒHõO. 1973 ÃãÃÑìO|~ü 21= ~ÀA# "å~°∞ P~°∞ ã¨∂„`åÅ
Ñ¨^äŒHõO#∞ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞.
1. ~åROÖ’ "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# „áêO`åÅ‰õΩ ã¨`«fi~° Jaè=$kú`À áê@∞ ~åR ~å[^è•xx
xs‚`« Ñ¨^ŒúuÖ’ Jaè=$kú Ñ¨~°K«\ÏxH˜ J^Œ#Ñ¨Ù x^èŒ∞Å#∞ ˆH\Ï~ÚOKåe. J@∞=O\˜
Jaè=$kú „Ñ¨}ÏoHõÅ#∞ `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕÜ«∞@OÖ’ "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# „áêO`åxH˜ „áê^è•#º`«
W"åfie.
2. ~å¢+ì̈ "åºÑÎ̈OQÍ XˆH ~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ# q^•º q^è•<åxfl „Ñ¨"Õâ◊ÃÑ\ì̃ q^•ºãÖã¨÷Ö’¡ ™ê÷xHõ
q^•º~°∞÷Å‰õΩ JkèHõ „áê^è•#º`«xzÛ „Ñ¨"ÕâßÅ∞ HõeÊOKåe. ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~°ÉÏ^£ #QÆ~°OÖ’
ˆHO„nÜ«∞ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∂xfl ™ê÷Ñ≤Oz D „áêO`« q^•º ™œHõ~åºÅ#∞ "≥∞~°∞QÆÑ¨~°Kåe.
3. ~å¢+¨ì ÑïáêÅ<å=ã¨~åÅ‰õΩ J#∞QÆ∞}OQÍ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõOQÍ ¿Ñ~˘¯#fl L^ÀºQÍÅÖ’,
„Ñ¨`ÕºHõOQÍ ¿Ñ~˘¯#fl "Õ∞~°‰õΩ ™ê÷x‰õΩÅ‰õΩ „áê^è•#º`« W"åfie. Jq U=∞#QÍ (1)
<å<£–QÆl>ˇ_£ L^ÀºQÍÅ∞ (Ãã„Hõ>ËiÜ«∞\ò, âßMÏkèÑ¨`«∞Å HÍ~åºÅÜ«∂Å∞, W`«~° ~å¢+ì̈
™ê÷~Ú HÍ~åºÅÜ«∂Å∞, ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ ã≤\ © áÈbã¨∞ âßYÅ#∞ q∞#Ç¨~ÚOz (2) ™ê÷xHõ
ãÖã¨÷Ö’¡ <å<£–QÆl>ˇ_£ L^ÀºQÍÅ∞ (3) `«Ç¨Ïã‘Å∞^•~°∞, ExÜ«∞~ü WO[h~°∞, ã≤qÖò
Jã≤ÃãìO\ò ã¨~°˚<£ "≥ÚII áÈã¨∞ìÅ∞.
„Ñ¨"≥∂+¨<£û H˘~°‰õΩ ÃãÊã≤ÃÑ¶·_£ QÆl>ˇ_£, "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ =∞iÜ«Ú Ô~O_»= QÆl>ˇ_£ ™ê÷~Ú
L^ÀºQÍÅ#∞ Ö’HõÖò HÍº_»~°∞¡QÍ =sæHõiOKåe.
4. ã¨sfiã¨∞ q+¨Ü«∂ÅÖ’ xÜ«∞=∂HÍÅ∞, ã‘xÜ«∂i\©, „Ñ¨"≥∂+¨#∞¡ `«k`«~° q"å^•Å#∞
Ñï+¨¯iOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ÃÇ·ÏHÀ~°∞ì JkèHÍ~åÅ∞#fl J_ç‡x¢¿ãì\ ˜"£ „\˜|∞º#Öò#∞ U~°Ê~åÛe.
„\˜|∞º#Öò f~°∞ÊÅ‰õΩ ~å¢+ì̈ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO qkèQÍ Hõ@∞ì|_ç LO_®e.
5. ÃÑ· JOâßÅ‰õΩ K«@ì|^Œú`« HõeÊOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ~å*ÏºOQÍxfl `«QÆ∞ q^èŒOQÍ ã¨=iOKåe.
ÃÑ· JOâßÅÃÑ· `«y# q^èŒOQÍ L`«Î~°∞fiÅ∞ *Ïs KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ ~å¢+¨ìÑüH˜ H˘#™êyOÑ¨Ù
Åaèã¨∞ÎOk.
6. ÃÑ·# q=iOz# ã¨∂„`åÅ∞ J=∞Å∞ =Å# =Úb¯ ~°∂Å∞û =∞iÜ«Ú „áêOfÜ«∞
Hõq∞\˜ H˘#™êyOÑ¨Ù J#=ã¨~°=∞=Ù`å~Ú.
42 `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï‰õΩ Jk ^Œ∞iÌ#O–^Œ∞~å„Hõ=∞} k#O l.F. 610
„ÃÑã≤_≥x¬Ü«∞Öò P~°¤~ü J=∞Å∞Ö’ [iy# J„Hõ=∂Å =Å¡ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï „áêO`«OÖ’x
"ÕÖÏk L^ÀºQÍÅ∞ ™ê÷xˆH`«~°∞Å ™⁄O`«=∞Ü«∂º~Ú. L^ÀºQÆ, Láêkè J=HÍâßÖ’¡
ÃÑ~° ∞ QÆ ∞ `« ∞ #fl Jã¨ = ∂#`«Å #∞ ãï kkÌ `≥Å OQÍ} "åiH˜ <åºÜ« ∞ O KÕ Ü « ∂ Åx
q^•º~°∞÷Å∞, x~°∞^ÀºQÆ Ü«Ú=`« L^Œº=∂xfl KÕÑ¨\Ïì~°∞. `«`«Êùe`«OQÍ l.F. 610
_çÃãO|~ü 30, 1985# *Ïs J~ÚOk. JÑ¨C_»∞ =ÚYº=∞O„u Z<£.\˜. ~å=∂~å=Ù
L<åfl~°∞. HÍx Jk <Õ\ ˜H˜ J=∞Å∞Ö’H˜ ~åÖË^Œ∞. ^•x J=∞Å∞ HÀã¨"Õ∞ L^ÀºQÆ q^•ºi÷
ãÖÑ¶¨∂Å∞ L^Œºq∞OKå~Ú. J~Ú<å „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO ^•xfl J=∞Å∞ Ñ¨~°K«_»O ÖË^Œ∞.
l.F. 610 =ÚMÏºOâßÅ∞: _çÃãO|~°∞ 30, 1985 ~ÀA# D.l.F. *Ïs J~ÚOk.
31 =∂iÛ 1986 <å\˜H˜ J=∞Å∞ HÍ=Åã≤# l.F. Wk.
1. „ÃÑã≤_Õx¬Ü«∞Öò P~°¤~ü J=∞Å∞Ö’H˜ =zÛ# <å\˜ #∞O_ç l.F. 610 *Ïs JÜÕ∞º
<å\˜ H ˜ `≥ Å OQÍ} „áêO`« O Ö’ lÖÏ¡ Ö ’¡ , *’#¡ Ö ’ x|O^è Œ # Å‰õ Ω =ºuˆ ~ Hõ O QÍ
xÜ«∞q∞OK«|_ç# <å<£ Ö’HõÖò L^ÀºQÆã¨∞÷ÅO^Œih ã¨fiã¨÷ÖÏÅ‰õΩ =∂iÛ 31, 1986Ö’QÍ
ÑÖÑ≤OKåe. "åix |kb KÕÜ«Ú@‰õΩ gÅ∞QÍ P „áêO`åÖ’¡ ã¨∂Ñ¨~ü #∂º=∞~°s
L^ÀºQÍÅ#∞ HõeÊOKåe.
2. E~åÅ, Nâ‹·ÅO Z_»=∞ HÍÅ∞=, N~åO™êQÆ~ü „áê*ˇ‰õΩìÅ H˘~°‰õΩ <å<£ QÆl>ˇ_£
ˆH_»~°¡Ö’ xÜ«∞q∞Oz# ™ê÷xˆH`«~°∞ÅO^Œix "åiH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz# *’#¡‰õΩ |kb
KÕÜ«∂e.
3. ~åR ã¨ z "åÅÜ« ∞ O, âßMÏkè Ñ ¨ ` « ∞ Å HÍ~åºÅÜ« ∂ Ö’¡ W`« ~ ° ~åR ™ê÷ ~ Ú
HÍ~åºÅÜ«∂Ö’¡x L^ÀºQÆ xÜ«∂=∞HÍÖ’¡ Jxfl „áêO`åÅ "åiH˜ ã¨=∞ <åºÜ«∞O [~°QÍe.
4. É’QÆãπ ãïìÑ¶≤ˆH@∞¡ ^•fi~å `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`«Ñ¨Ù ZOáê¡Üü∞"≥∞O\ò ZˆHû ÛùO*òÅÖ’
¿Ñ~°∞ #"≥∂^Œ∞ KÕã¨∞H˘x J„Hõ=∞OQÍ L^ÀºQÍÅ∞ ãÖáêkOz# ™ê÷xˆH`«~°∞ÅÃÑ· K«~°ºÅ∞
fã¨∞HÀ"åe.
5. J„Hõ=∞ xÜ«∂=∞HÍÅ∞, „Ñ¨"≥∂+¨#¡‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`« JÉèíº~°∞÷Å∞
KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#fl JÑ‘Êà◊§xflO\˜x 31 =∂iÛ 1986Ö’QÍ Ñï+¨¯iOKåe.
6. qq^èŒ Ö’HõÖò UiÜ«∂Å∞, ˆH_»~°¡ =∞^èŒº ã≤|ƒOk |kbÅ#∞ Wëêì#∞™ê~°O
KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞.
7. „ÃÑã≤_≥x¬Ü«∞Öò P~°¤~ü J=∞Å∞Ö’xH˜ =zÛ#Ñ¨Ê\˜#∞O_ç [iy# xÜ«∂=∞HÍÅ∞,
„Ñ¨"∂≥ +¨#∞¡ Jxfl\˜x Ñ¨Ù#óÑïjeOKåe. D Ñ¨xx ~åR ã¨z"åÅÜ«∞OÖ’x qÉèÏQÍÅ∞
E<£ 30, 1986 Ö’QÍ Ñ¨ÓiÎ KÕÜ«∂e. HÍx D l.F. J=∞Å∞‰õΩ <ÀK«∞HÀÖË^Œ∞.
1956 #∞O_ç Uq∞ [iyO^À J^Õ WOHÍ H˘#™êQÆ∞`«∞#flk. 1996Ö’ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ
`≥ÅOQÍ} x<å^ŒO =∞m¡ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ =zÛ#Ñ¨C_»∞ áêÅHõ=~åæÅ∞ ^•xx Ñ¨\ ˜ìOK«∞
HÀHõáÈQÍ `≥ÅOQÍ} "å^Œ∞Å Ñ¨@¡ x~°¡Hõ∆ ºOQÍ, ã¨ÊOkOKå~°∞. 2001 <å\˜H˜ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ
`≥ÅOQÍ} L^Œº=∞O f„= ~°∂ÑÖ ^•ÅÛ_»O`À `≥ÅOQÍ} "≥#∞HõÉÏ@∞ `«<åxfl ÃÑiy#
Pi÷Hõ Jã¨=∂#`«Å#∞ ÑïjeOK«\ÏxH˜ y~üQÍ¡h Hõg∞+¨<£ xÜ«∞q∞Oz KÕ`«∞Å∞
^Œ∞Å∞Ñ¨ÙH˘#flk. ZÑ¨Ê\˜HõÑ¨C_»∞ WÖÏ HõO\˜ `«∞_»∞Ñ¨Ù Ñ¨#∞Å∞ KÕÜ«∞_»O „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜
JÅ"å@∞QÍ =∂iOk. Éè Ï ~° ` « „Ñ¨ É è í ∞ `« fi O "åiH˜ =O`« áê_» _ » O ã¨ Ç ¨ Ï [OQÍ
[~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#flk.
WO^Œ∞Ö’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ<Õ WÑ¨C_»∞ [ã‘ìãπ N Hõ$+¨‚ Hõq∞\˜x xÜ«∞q∞OKå~°∞. nxx Ñ¨xH˜
=∂e# Hõq∞\˜ Jx `≥ÅOQÍ} ~å¢+ì̈ ã¨q∞u J^èŒº‰õ∆ΩÅ∞ ÔH. K«O„^ŒâıY~ü ~å=Ù H˘\˜ì
áêˆ~âß~°∞.J~Ú`Õ D NHõ$+¨‚ Hõq∞\˜x áêiì+¨<£ Hõq∞\˜QÍ =∂iÛ Ç¨ÏŸO q∞xã¨ì~ü
z^ŒO|~°O _çÃãO|~ü 9# KÕã≤# „Ñ¨Hõ@##∞ x[O KÕÜ«∂Å#flk `≥ÅOQÍ} "å^Œ∞Å
_ç=∂O_£.
J<åºÜ«∞OQÍ ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊OÖ’ HõÅ∞Ñ¨ÙH˘#fl <≥·*ÏO ^Õâ◊Ñ¨Ù áœ~°∞Å Jã≤Î`åfixfl, Ç¨Ï‰õΩ¯Å#∞
QÆ∞iÎOK«HõáÈ`Õ L^Œº=∞~°∂Ñ¨Ù, _ç=∂O_£ =∂ˆ~ J=HÍâ◊O LOk. „Ñü™êi L^Œº=∞
<åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ#∞ |∞eÑ≤OK«_»O ^•fi~å, ÉˇkiOK«_»O ^•fi~å, H˘#_»O ^•fi~å L^Œº=∂xfl
PÑ¨ÖË~°∞ J#fl q+¨Ü«∂xfl J@∞ ÉèÏ~°`« „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO, W@∞ ã‘=∂„O^èŒ∞Å∞ QÆ∞iÎOKåe.
JÑ¨Ê\˜=~°‰õΩ `≥ÅOQÍ} "å~°∞, ''`å=Ú ÃãÃÑìO|~ü 17# ^Œ∞~å„Hõ=∞}‰õΩ QÆ∞Ô~·#=∞x,
Jk `«=∞‰õΩ ^Œ∞iÌ#O—— J<Õ J#∞‰õΩO\Ï~°∞.
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Ñ¨\ ì̃OK«\ÏxH˜ ~åROÖ’ W`«~° "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# „áêO`åÅ Jaè=$kú „Ñ¨™êÎ=# `≥zÛ Jã¨Å∞
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aè#flOQÍ LOk.
Ô ~ O_» ∞ „áêO`åÅ∞ Ô ~ O_» ∞ Hõ # ∞flÅ =O@Ñ¨ x #OQÆ < åz =∂@Å∞ =∂\Ï¡ _ ç #
K«O„^ŒÉÏ|∞‰õΩ `≥ÅOQÍ} F@~°∞¡ "≥Ú#fl LÑ¨ ZxflHõÖ’¡ (2010) QÆ∞}áê~î°O K≥áêÊ~°∞.
áêsìH˜ P~°∞ âß`«O F@∞¡ ‰õÄ_® ~åÖË^Œ∞. XHõ¯ ™ê÷#OÖ’#∞ _çáêl\ò ^ŒHõ¯ÖË^Œ∞. XHõ
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J#=ã¨~° ~°^•ÌO`åÅ∞, ÉÏ=*ÏÖÏÅ∞ `≥~°g∞kH˜ `Õ¿ãÎ "åiÃÑ· ¿Ñ~°∞H˘#fl JãÖ`«$Ñ≤Î
XHõ¯™êiQÍ ZQÆã≤ Ñ¨_ç`Õ PÑ¨_»O Hõ+ì̈O J=Ù`«∞Ok.

September 17సెప్టెంబర్ 17 బ్లాక్ డే తెలంగాణకు అది దుర్దినం దురాక్రమణ దినం

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September 17సెప్టెంబర్ 17 బ్లాక్ డే తెలంగాణకు అది దుర్దినం దురాక్రమణ దినం

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ÃãÃÑOì |~ü 17 ÉÏ¡H± _Õ

`≥ÅOQÍ}Ï‰õΩ Jk ^Œ∞iÌ#O – ^Œ∞~å„Hõ=∞} k#O

ã¨∞ Ñ¨ ~°‚ Ñ¨ a¡ Hˆ +¨ <£û

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Q˘}˜y Q˘}˜y HÍà’l z=iH˜ ã¨Ç¨Ï[ =∞~°}"Õ∞ K≥O^•_»∞.

„Ñ¨`ÕºHõ ~å¢+ì̈ ™ê^èŒ# L^Œº=∞O J~°"≥· Ô~O_Õà◊√§ ™êQÆ_»O Uq∞\˜?

ÃãÃÑOì |~ü 17 ÉÏ¡H± _Õ

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ã‘=∂O„^∞Œè Å Éè∂í q∞ ^ÀÑ≤_ô ÑÃ · ÇÃ Ï· HÀ~°∞ì "åºMºÅ∞

ÃãÃÑOì |~ü 17 ÉÏ¡H± _Õ

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★ „Ñ¨=ÚY [~°fleãπì ã¨fisæÜ∞« l. Hõ$+¨‚ ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ K≥ÑÊ≤ # q+¨Ü∞« O Wk.

ÃãÃÑOì |~ü 17 ÉÏ¡H± _Õ

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