FIRST AID- immediate and temporary treatment of a victim of sudden

illness or injury while awaiting the arrival of medical aid. Proper early measures
may be instrumental in saving life and ensuring a better and more rapid recovery.

FIRST AID FOR POISONING

Poison is any substance: solid, liquid or gas that tends to impair health or cause
death when introduced into the body. A poisoning emergency can be life
threatening.

 ***If patient drunk kerosene, gas, muriatic acid, zonrox or any acidic agents give
activated charcoal, NEVER give beaten egg white, flour with water, and milk

***If patient is drug overdosed give beaten egg white, flour with water, activated
charcoal, and milk.

Place the victim on its left side while on the way to the hospital

Activated Charcoal- it is used to bind drugs and chemicals before they are
absorbed into a person, but activated charcoal does not bind all drugs or chemicals
and has some risk when given.

BASIC WOUND CARE

WOUND – refers to any break in the skin.

1. Wash your hands with water and soap.

2. Rinse the injured area with water.
3. Put soap in a clean cloth and gently wash the area.
4. Do not try to remove material that is embedded in the wound.
5. Apply clean dressing.
6. Seek medical help.
 FIRST AID FOR NOSEBLEED

To take care of a nosebleed:

 Sit upright and lean forward. By remaining upright, you reduce

blood pressure in the veins of your nose. This discourages further
bleeding. Sitting forward will help you avoid swallowing blood,
which can irritate your stomach.
 Pinch your nose. Use your thumb and index finger to pinch your
nostrils shut. Breathe through your mouth. Continue to pinch for
five to 10 minutes. This maneuver sends pressure to the bleeding
point on the nasal septum and often stops the flow of blood.
 To prevent re-bleeding after bleeding has stopped, don't pick or
blow your nose and don't bend down until several hours after the
bleeding episode. Keep your head higher than the level of your
heart.
 If re-bleeding occurs, blow out forcefully to clear your nose of
blood clots and spray both sides of your nose with a decongestant
nasal spray containing oxymetazoline (Afrin, others). Pinch your
nose in the technique described above and call your doctor.
 FIRST AID FOR SNAKE BITES

1. Safety first! Get away from the snake. That's probably why it bit in the first
place. Do not elevate. Keep the bite below the level of the heart.
2. Wash the area with warm water and soap.
3. Remove constricting clothing and jewellery from the extremity. The area
may swell and constricting items will cause tissue death.
4. If the snake is an elapid species (coral snakes and cobras), wrap the
extremity with an elastic pressure bandage. Start from the point closest to the
heart and wrap towards the fingers or toes. Continue to keep the bite lower
than the heart.
5. Follow the basics of first aid while waiting for responders to arrive. Be
especially concerned about the potential for shock.

**NO CUTTING & SUCKING-Cutting into the wound will just create
infections.
 FIRST AID FOR FAINTING

Fainting occurs when the blood supply to your brain is momentarily inadequate,
causing you to lose consciousness. This loss of consciousness is usually brief.

If you feel faint:

 Lie down or sit down. To reduce the chance of fainting again, don't get up
too quickly.
 Place your head between your knees if you sit down.

If someone else faints:

Position the person on his or her back. If the person is breathing, restore
blood flow to the brain by raising the person's legs above heart level —
about 12 inches (30 centimeters) — if possible. Loosen belts, collars or other
constrictive clothing. To reduce the chance of fainting again, don't get the
person up too quickly.
 FIRST AID FOR SPRAIN
Sprain- A sprain is an injury to a ligament caused by excessive stretching.
The ligament can have a partial tear, or it can be completely torn apart.

Follow the instructions for P.R.I.C.E.

1. Protect the injured limb from further injury by not using the joint. You can
do this using anything from splints to crutches.
2. Rest the injured limb. But don't avoid all activity. Even with an ankle sprain,
you can usually still exercise other muscles to minimize deconditioning. For
example, you can use an exercise bicycle with arm exercise handles,
working both your arms and the uninjured leg while resting the injured ankle
on another part of the bike. That way you still get three-limb exercise to
keep up your cardiovascular conditioning.
3. Ice the area. Use a cold pack, a slush bath or a compression sleeve filled
with cold water to help limit swelling after an injury. Try to ice the area as
soon as possible after the injury and continue to ice it for 10 to 15 minutes
four times a day for 48 hours. If you use ice, be careful not to use it too long,
as this could cause tissue damage.
4. Compress the area with an elastic wrap or bandage. Compressive wraps or
sleeves made from elastic or neoprene are best.
5. Elevate the injured limb above your heart whenever possible to help prevent
or limit swelling.

FIRST AID FOR STRAIN

Strain- occurs when a muscle or its tendon is overstretched or torn during exercise
or as a result of a pulling injury. There may be bleeding into the injured part of the
muscle. Many strains can be prevented by warm-up exercises before sport.

1. Rest injured area.

2. Ice or cold compression.
3. Compression - bandage for support.
4. Elevate injured area.
5. Remove clothing / shoes of injured area.
6. Do not allow any weight pressure on affected area
7. Support it.
8. Seek medical help.
 BANDAGING

A Triangular Bandage

The Triangular Bandage has three 3 main parts the Face, the Side and the Apex.

The Face is the wide area. The Apex is the point where the Philippine National Red Cross Logo
is located (Top of Triangle). The Sides are the two sides on the left and right of the Bandage.

Phases of Triangular Bandage

2. Semi-broad phase
 

1. Open or broad phase

3. Semi-cravat phase

4. Cravat phase

SEMI BROAD CRAVAT

OPEN PHASE 1. Shoulder or hip bandage

1. Head Bandage 2. Arm or leg bandage

2. Face Bandage
3. Chest Bandage
4. Arm sling Arm Sling
5. Underarm sling CRAVAT
6. Hand and Foot Bandage
7. Hip Bandage 1. Forehead bandage
8. Knee Bandage 2. Eye bandage
3. Neck bandage
BROAD CRAVAT PHASE 4. Ear, cheek jaw bandage
5. Forearm/Foreleg Bandage
1. Knee bandage 6. Hip Bandage
7. Palm Bandage
2. Abdominal binder 8. Sprained Knee Bandage
a. Shoe On b. Shoe Off