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DONE BY:-
vinodquilon

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?NTRODUCT?ON
* The very minute signals from the
brain are processed and which is
taken as data for controlling the
robots.

* ?t is divided into 3 modules.

1.Brain & brain signals.
2.Measuring brain signals using
invasive and non-invasive
methods.
3.Brain computer interface.
BRA?N AND BRA?N S? NALS
* Brain is included in the Central Nervous
System.
* Neurons are responsible for the
transmission and analysis of all the
information in the brain.
V
V
ELECTROENCEPHALO RAM (EE

* EE (Electroencephalogram
measures
and records the electrical activity of our
brain.
* Action potential in pre-synaptic axon
releases neurotransmitter into synaptic
cleft and binds to next dendrite, results
in compensatory currents. These
currents generate EE voltages.
 ?NVAS?VE AND NON-?NVAS?VE METHODS FOR
MEASUR?N BRA?N S? NALS

* ?n invasive method, BC? (Brain Computer ?nterface

is implanted directly into the grey matter of the
brain. ?t is prone to scar-tissue build up, causing the
signal to become weaker.

* ?n non-invasive method, BC? is implanted on top of

the motor cortex of the brain. This method is
adopted widely.
ADVANTA ES OF EE
* EE has a high temporal resolution
compared to other techniques and is
capable of detecting changes in
electrical activity in the brain on a
millisecond time scale.
 BRA?N COMPUTER ?NTERFACE (BC?

* BC? System has four modules:-

1. Source Module.
2. Signal Processing Module.
3. User Application Module.
4. Operator Module.
BRA?N COMPUTER ?NTERFACE (BC?

* BC? is possible with the ³BRA?N ATE´

Brain ate

* ?t consists of a sensor with 100 electrodes,

each thinner than a human hair.

* ?t has a surface area of 16 mm2.

THE BRA?N ATE ELECTRODE
BRA?N ATE ELECTRODE
HOW BRA?N ATE WORKS?
* The brain gate is implanted at
the top of the motor cortex.
* Electrodes pick up neural spiking
from nearby neurons and transmit
them through gold wires to a titanium
pedestal.
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* ?t is then connected to computers,
signal processors and monitors.
* A robotic arm connected to the
computer moves in response to the
brain signal.
BRA?N ATE ?NTERFACE
APPL?CAT?ONS
* Paralysed persons can make a robot
move with their thoughts alone.

* They can control the computer cursor

with their thoughts alone.
ADVANTA ES
* Brain ate provides an interface with a
computer that works immediately, without
weeks or months of training.
* A user can operate the device without
requiring great concentration.
* Brain ate connects directly to the part of the
brain that ordinarily controls hand movement
and gestures, so that we can control the
machinery with our thoughts alone.
D?SADVANTA ES
* The process of inserting needle
electrodes into the brain often leads to
trauma, so that it may be necessary to
remove some of the patient's hair.
* ?n addition, the process of attaching
conventional electrodes may lead to
skin abrasion and irritation.
FUTURE SCOPES
* To develop a system that allows
humans with paralysis to move their
limbs in a way that they can carry out
useful movements and lead
independent lives.
* Moving a wheelchair with Brain ate is
beyond the scope of study.
CONCLUS?ON
* Being able to move robotic machines
could free a paralyzed person from
depending on other people, at least
partially.
* People with prosthetic limbs might be
able to control them using brain
impulse in a manner very similar to the
way they used to move their natural
limbs.
REFERENCE
*www.mindcontrolforums.com/news/rem
otecontrol-brain-sensor.html
*www.usatoday.com/tech/science/discov
eries/2006-07-12-brain-implant_x.html
*www.insideria.com/2008/05/touchless-
brainsensor-interfac.html
REFERENCE
*news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/5167938.stm
*www.popularmechanics.com/science/re
search/4272246.html
*www.ieeexplore.ieee.org/ie15/20/20571/0
095133.pdf
*www.livescience/technology/061215-
humanoid-robot.html
*Scientific American
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