ghk;gd; !

;thkpfs;
thH;f;if tuyhWk;
nghj]dfSk;
\yf; fl;Liu M';fpyj;jpy; -
tp.vd;.Re;ju;uh$d;;
gl';fs;-|dpthrd;

( Pamban Swamigal-His Life Example &

Teachings by VN Soundararajan
Appavu Research Foundation, Chennai
drawings by Srinivasan)

jkpH; bkhHp bgau;g;g[ -

rhe;jpg;gpupah
(nrj_1945@yahoo.com)

1848 Mk; Mz;L

mj;jpahr;rpuk Rj;jhj;Jitj itjpf irt
rpj;jhe;j "hdghD ,uhnk!;tuj;jpy; ghk;gd; vd;w ,lj;jpy;
ghk;gd; |kj; FkhuFUjh! !;thkpfs; (1848- ,Ue;j xU irt tHpiar; rhu;e;j
1929)
jk;gjpapdUf;F xU FHe;ijg; gpwe;jJ.
mjw;F mg;ght[ vdg; bgau; Nl;odu;. taJ te;jJk; jd;Dila FLk;gj;ij tpl;L
btspnawpa me;jf; FHe;ijna gpd;du; ghk;gd; !;thkpfs; vd miHf;fg;gl;lhu;. rpW
tajpnyna gog;gpYk; mwptpYk; rpwe;J tps';fpa me;jf; FHe;ij gpw;fhyj;jpy; khbgUk;
"hdpahf g[fH; bgw;W tps';Fthu; vd n$hjplu;; Twpdhu;. M';fpyj;jpYk;/ jkpHpYk; ey;y
g[yikg; bgw;wtu; mg;ght[.
mtUila gjp\d;whk; tajpy; mtu; fdtpy; te;j vtnuh xUtu;/ FkhuFUf; flt[s;
kPJ ghly;f]s ,aw;WkhW Tw/ mtUk; nj';fha;j; njhg;gpy; mku;e;j tz;zk; mij g]d
X]yapy; vGjyhdhu;. jd;Dila khdrPf FUthf mUzfpup ehjiu vz;zpf; bfhz;L
rhg;ghl;L ,ilnt]sapy; jpdKk; xU ghly; vd;W vGjj; Jt';fp/ bjhlu;e;J EhW
ehl;fspy;; mij vGjp Koj;jhu;. mijg; ghu;j;j nrJ khjt Iau; vd;w Mya g[nuhfpju;
mg;ght[tpw;F KUff; flt[s; kPJ ,Ue;jg; gf;jpiag; g[upe;J bfhz;lhu;. mjdhy; nrJ khjt
Iau; tp$ajrkp md;W mg;ght[tpw;F uhnk!;tuj;jpy; ,Ue;j mf;dp jPu;j;jk; vd;w ,lj;jpy;
MW ml;ruj;jpy; ke;jpnuhgnrjk; bra;J itj;jhu;.
,sikg; gUtj;jpnyna bja;tPf thH;it tpUk;gp Vw;w mg;ght[tpw;F mtUila
bgw;nwhu;fSk; nrJ khjt IaUk; jpUkzk; bra;J itj;J tpl tpUk;gpdu;. fhspKj;jkp
vd;w xUtSf;F mtiu kzk; Koj;J itf;f/ mts; \yk; mtu;fSf;F xU kfDk;
,uz;L g[jy;tpfSk; gpwe;jdu;. jpUkzk; MdhYk; Tl ghk;gd; !thkpfs;/ bgUk;ghYk;
g{i$fs; nghd;wtw;iw bra;J bfhz;L Jwtp nghynt thH;e;J te;jhu;. jd; je;ijapd;
kuzj;jf;Fg; gpd; ghk;gd; !;thkpfs; mtUila bjhHpy;f]s jhnd Vw;W elj;jpf; bfhz;L
KUfdpd; mUshy; gy tHf;Ffspy; btw;wpg; bgw;whu;. xU ehs; ghk;gd; !;thkpfspd; kfs;
cly; eykpd;wpg; ngha; mHj; Jt';fpdhs;. mtUila k]dtp mtuplk; tPg[jp ke;jupj;Jf;
bfhLf;Fk;gof; Tw/ mtu; mjw;F kWj;J tpl;L mtd; Fzkila ntz;Lk; vdpy;
KUf]dg; gpuhu;jpf;Fk;gof; Twptpl;lhu;. mjd; gpd; jhDk; KUfdplk; ntz;o gpuhu;j]d
bra;ayhdhu;.
mtSk; ghk;gd; !;thkpfs;
Twpagona KUf]dg; gpuhu;jpf;f FHe;ij
mikjpahfp cw';Ftijf; fz;lhu;. mJ
gw;wp jd k]dtpaplk; mtu; nfl;f mts;
jhd; KUf]dj; Jjpj;j gpd; xU tajhdtu;
tPl;ow;F te;J FHe;ijapd; bew;wpapy;
tPg[jpiaj; jltp tpl;Lr; brd;wjhff;
Twpdhs;. FHe;ij eyk; mile;jJ. flt[s;
KUfnd md;W te;jpUe;Jj; jd;
FHe;ijiaf; fhg;ghw;wp ,Uf;fpd;whu;
vd;gij czu;e;jhu;. xU ehs; ghk;gd;
!;thkpfspd; ez;gu; xUtu; mtuplk;
te;J jhd; gHdp k]yf;Fr; bry;y
,Ug;gjhff; Tw/ ghk;gd; !;thkpfSf;Fk
gHdpf;Fr; bry;y Mir te;jJ. tPl;oy; jd; kfs; Fzkila k]dtpa[ l d;
nru; e ; J bfhz; L flt[ ] s ntz; o a
vtuplKk; Twhky; mtUk; fpsk;gp tpl;lhu;. ghk; g d; !; t hkpfs;
…mjw;F flt[s; mDkjp bfhLj;J tpl;lhuh >… vd;W mtUila ez;gu; nfl;f bfhLj;J
tpl;lhu;… vd;W bgha; brhd;dhu; ghk;gd; !;thkpfs;. md;W ,unt mtu; fdtpy;
njhd;wpa KUfd; …… eP k]yf;F tu ntz;Lk; vd;W ehd; vz;zpdhy; ehnd Vw;ghL bra;J
,Ug;ngd;. Mjdhy; eP ,g;;bghGJ tu ntz;lhk;/ vg;bghGJ tu ntz;Lk; vd;gij ehnd
TWfpnwd;. mjw;fhf Vd; bgha; brhy;fpd;wha;. cyfg; gw;W ,d;wp eP tPl;onyna ,dpnky;
,U …… vd;W Twpdhu;.
XU Kiw fuL Kulhd tPjpapy; ghk;gd; !thkpfs; ele;J brd;W bfhz;L
,Uf;ifapy; Kl;fSk;/ fw;fSk; fhy;fspy; Fj;jp ntj]dj; ju/ typapdhy; Joj;Jg; nghdtu;
KUfdplk; kdkhw gpuhu;j]d bra;jhu;. md;W ,ut[ brUg;g[j; ijf;Fk; bjhHpshsp xUtd;
fdtpy; KUfd; njhd;wp f#;lg;gLk; jd; gf;jdhd mtUf;F xU n$ho brUg;g[j; ijj;Jj;
jUkhW Tw/ kW ehs; me;j brUg;g[j; ijg;gtd; mJ nghynt xU n$ho brUg;igj; jahu;
bra;j gpd;mij vLj;Jg; ngha; ghk;gd; !;thkpaplk; bfhLj;J …… vdf;F fdtpy; njhd;wpa
KUfg; bgUkhd; M]zapl;lgo ,ij c';fSf;Ff; bfhLf;fpd;nwd; …… vd;W Tw jd;Dila
gf;ju;fSf;F KUfg; bgUkhd; vg;go vy;yhk; fU]zia fhl;Lfpd;whu; vd;gij vz;zp
tpae;jhu ghk;gd; !thkpfs;;.
xUKiw ghk;gd; !;thkpfs; ngjpapdhy; mtjpg;gl;L kaf;fk; mile;J tpl;lhu;.
mijf; fz;l mtu; k]dtpa[k; kaf;fk; mile;J tpl;lhs;. KUfg; bgUkhd; mtu; tPl;ow;F
xU kdpj cUtpy; te;J fHpapdhy; mt]sj; jl;o vGg;gpa gpd; ……mtu; cly; KGtJk;
tPg[jpiaj; jltp tpL . nkYk; cd;]d tpl;L tpl;L ehd; ntW v';Fk; bry;y khl;nld;
vd;W mtu; fhJfspy; TW …… vd;W brhd;dhu;. Mdhy; mts;; tPl;L tpyf;fpy; ,Ue;jjhy;
mij bra;a kWf;f KUfDk; Mgj;jpw;F g";rk; ,y;]y vdt[k; jhd; Twpago bra;a[k;go
mt]s tw;g[Wj;j mtSk; mijr; bra;jhs;. ghk;gd; !;thkpfs; eykile;J vGe;jhu;. xU
ehs; ghk;gd; !;thkpfsplk; te;j xUtu; ,uz;L khj';fs; Mfpa[k; EhW ghly;f]sf; vGjp
Kof;f Koahky; xU ftp"d; f#;lg;gLfpwhd; vd;W Tw/ clndna mjw;F ,]zahf
125 ghly;f]sf; bfhz;l jpUthW k]y nfhkfd; ( Tiruvorumalai Komagan ) vd;w ghly;
xd;iw/ xU kzp neuj;jpy; vGjp Koj;jhu;. mjw;F ,]zahf ,d;W tiu vtUk; mg;go
xd;iw vGjtpy;]y. tupf;F 64 thu;j;ijfs; vd Kjy; ghly; mika ehY tupfspy; 256
thu;j;ijf]sf; bfhz;L me;j ghly; mike;jJ. kw;w 124 ghly;f]sa[k; ntW ve;j g[J
thu;j;ijf]sa[k; nru;f;fhky; vGjp Koj;jhu;. ,iwtd; mUs; ,Ue;jhy; vija[k; bra;a
Koa[k; vd;W mtu; Twpdhu;.
!;thkpfs; xUKiw fh";rpg[uk; brd;wpUe;j bghGJ gpugykhf ,Ue;j Fkhuf;
nfhl;lj;jpw;F bry;yhky; ,Ue;J tpl;lhu;. m';fpUe;Jj; jpUk;g[k; tHpapy; j]yapy; Kz;lhR
fl;oa 30 taJj; njhw;wk; bfhz;l xUtu; mtuplk; te;J …… eP';fs; vg;bghGjhtJ
Fkhuf; nfhl;lj;jpw;Fg; ngha; ,Uf;fpd;wPu;fsh ........ fh";rpag;g rpthr;rhupahu; vd;w Mya
gz;oju; fe;jg; g[uhzk; ,aw;wp tUtJ bjupa[kh>…… vd;Wk; nfl;lhu;. mg;gof; nfl;Ltpl;L
mtiu me;j Myaj;jpd; mUfpy; miHj;Jr; brd;W m';F tpl;lgpd; kiwe;J tpl;lhu;.
,buapy; ep]yaj;jpnyh ntW vnjh xU fhuzj;jpdhy; tz;o fpsk;ghky; !;thkpfspd;
tUiff;fhf fhj;jpUg;gJ nghy epd;W bfhz;L ,Ue;jJ. fe;jdpd; fU]ziaf; fz;L
!;thkpfSf;Fg; g[y;ywpj;jJ.
1894 mk; Mz;L ,uhkehjg[uk; khtl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;j gPug;gd; tyir vd;w ,lj;jpy;
,Ue;j !;thkpfs; jhd; Fkhug; gHdp Mz;ltuplnk neuoahf cgnjrk; bgw ntz;Lk;
vd;w ituhf;fpaj;jpy; ,Ue;jhu;. Mfnt muR mjpfhupfspd; mDkjpiag; bgw;W xU
kahdj;jpy; 3' x 3' x 3' mstpy; xU miwf; fl;o mjpy; jd;]dg; g{l;of; bfhz;L
jpahdj;jpy; mku;e;jhu;. mjw;F Kd; jd; gf;ju;f]s miHj;J me;j kahdj;jpy; elf;Fk; ve;j
tpjkhd tpguPj fhl;rp jUk; bray;f]sf; fz;Lk;; gag;gl ntz;lhk; vd;W Twp tpl;L
flt[s; kPJ ghuj;ijg; nghl;L tpl;L mikjpahf ,Uf;Fk;gof; Twpdhu;. xU ehs; bgupa
nga; xd;W mtiuj; jhf;f te;j bghGJ mijj; jd; jz;lj;jpdhy; moj;J tpul;odhu;.
VHhtJ ehsd;W mrup xd;W !;thkpf]s vGe;jpUf;Fk;gof; Twpw;W. jd; capnu nghdhYk;
gHdp Mz;ltu; jd; Kd; te;jhy; xHpa vGe;jpUf;f khl;nld; vd;wtuplk; …… cd;Dila
flt[s; ehd; te;Js;nsd;. fz;f]sj; jpwe;Jg; ghu; …… vd;w Fuy; nfl;L fz;f]s tpHpj;Jg;
ghu;j;j !;thkpfs; jd; vjpupy; gHdp Mz;ltu; xU rpd;dj;JlDk; gf;fj;j;py; ,uz;L
up#pfSld epw;gijf; fz;lhu;. mjd; gpwF gHdp Mz;ltu; mtUila tyJ fhjpy; xU
bkhHpr; brhy;yhd cgnjrj;ij bra;jhu;;.
mtUld; m';F te;jtu;fs; mjd; gpd; fpHf;F nehf;fpr; brd;W tpl;ldu;. mjdhy;
kfpH;rpa[w;w ghk;gd; !;thkpfSk; 28 ehl;fs; md;d Mfhuk;/ cwf;fk; ,d;wp jpahdj;ij
bra;J Koj;jhu;. 35 tJ jpdj;jpy; kPz;Lk; xU mrup mtiu btspapy; tUkhW Tw/
kPz;Lk; !;thkpfs; jd;Dila flt[s; te;J Twpdhy; xHpa tu khl;nld; vd;whu;.
…… ehndjhd;; te;Js;nsd; te;J ghu…; …; vd;w Fu]yf; nfl;L btspapy; te;jtu; rpj;jpiug;
bgsu;zkpapd; KG cUthd re;jpu]dg; nghd;wtiuf; fz;lhu;. me;j neuj;jpy; ghk;gd;
!;thkpfs; Mz;oiag; nghy xU nfhtzk; kl;Lnk cLj;jp ,Ue;jhu;. mjd; gpd;
mtUila gf;ju;fs; nfl;Lf; bfhz;lgo njhspy; xdWk;/ ,Lg;ig Rw;wp xd;Wkhf
bky;ypa ntl;oj;; Jzpiaf; fl;of; bfhz;lhu;. mtu;; mjpfk;; ngrtpy;]y vd;whYk;
mtUila mDgt';f]sf; TWkhW gf;ju;fs; ntz;odu;. ,d;iwf;Fk; mtu; jpahdj;jpy;
,Ue;j ,lj;jpy; mtu; cgnahfpj;j vz;]z tpsf;if ,uhkehjg[uj;jpy; mtUila gf;ju;fs;
ghJfhg;ghf itj;J cs;sdu;.
1895 Mk; Mz;oy; rd;ahrj;ij Vw;w ghk;gd; !;thkpfs; ghk;gd; efiu tpl;L
btspnawpdhu;. xU ehs; mtu; fdtpy; njhd;wpa KUfd; mtiu brd;]df;Fr; bry;YkhW
Twpdhu;. m';F mtUf;F xUtiua[k; bjupahJ vd;gjpdhy; rw;W ja';fpatu; KUfd; ,l;l
M]zia Vw;W ,uapy; \yk; m';F brd;whu;. vf;nkhu; !;nl#dpy; ,w';fpa mtiu
Kd;gpd; ghu;jpuhj xUtd; jd;Dld; te;J tz;oapy; mku;e;J bfhs;SkhW miHj;jhd;. xU
thu;j;ijf; Tl Twhky; $l;fh ( xU tpj tz;o) tpy; mku;e;jtiu brapd;l; $hu;$; lt[dpy;/
41 Mk; vz;/ itj;jpaehj Kjypj; bjUtpy;/ xU tPl;oy; mtiu tpl;Ltpl;Lr; bry;y
cs;spUe;J btspte;j g';fhU mk;khs; vd;w \jhl;o mtiu vjpu; ghu;j;J epd;W ,Ue;jJ
nghy; tuntw;whu;. mts; Twpdhs; Kjy; ehs; ,utpy; jd; fdtpy; te;j KUfd; kW ehs;
fh]yapy; xU rd;ahrp mts; tPl;ow;F tUthu; vd;Wk;/ mtUf;F j';f ,lKk; czt[k;
jUk;gor;; brhd;djpdhy; mtiu m';F miHj;J tu Vw;ghL bra;jjhf… Twpdhs;. mtUk;
mij Vw;W rpy ehl;fs; m';F j';fpdhu;. 1896 Mk; Mz;oy; rpjk;guk; brd;w !thkpfs;
m';F jhfuhya ,ufrak; vd;w cgdp#j;ij vGjpdhu;. Fff; flt[s; m]dtuplKk; vnjh
xU mstpy; ,Uf;fpwhu;. ntj';fs;/ cgdp#j;Jf;fs;/ mfk';fs; njthuk;/ jpUg;g[fH; vd
gytw;wpy; ,Ue;Jk; gy cjhuz';f]s ghk;gd; !;thkpfs; mjpy; fhl;o cs;shu;. mijj; jtpw
jpnuhgh/ gpg{undhj; g;uhjhdh ( Tiropa and Paripuranat bthana) vd;w ,U Ehy;f]sa[k; mtu;
vGjpdhu;. mjpy; mtu; 108 cgdp#j;jf;fspy; ,Ue;J nkw;nfhs;f]sf; fhl;o cs;shu;.
ghk;gd; !thkpfSf;F jkpH; kPJ; ,Ue;j gw;wpdhy; 50 ghly;f]s ntW ve;j bkhHp
fyg;g[k; ,d;wp vGjp cs;shu;. mg;go vGjpatu;fs; ntW vtUk; ,y;]y. …… vtu; rkp!;fpUj
bkhHpiaa[k; jkpiHa[k; gHpf;fpd;whndh mtd; vdf;F vjpup vd;Wk; me;j ,uz;L
bkhHpfSk; ,U fz;f]sg; nghd;wit/ ,iwtPfj;ij mwpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk; vdpy;
,uz;Lk; mtrpank …… vd;W Twpdhu;. thuzhrpf;Fr; brd;w mtu; FkhuFUgju; klj;jpy;
j';fpdhu;. m';F kpf kfpH;rpa[ld; ,Ue;jhu;. xUehs; mtuplk; te;j xUtu; btz;zpu
MilfSf;Fg; gjpyhf fhtp cilia mzpe;J bfhs;Sk;gof; Tw Kjypy; ja';fpatu;
rw;W nahrpj;jg; gpd; mJt[k; flt[spd; rpj;jnk vd;W vz;zptpl;L md;W Kjy;/ fhtp
cilf]sna mzpaj; Jt';fpdhu;.
xUKiw r#;o g{i$apy; mtu; fye;J bfhz;l bghGJ m';fpUe;jtu;fs; Rkhu; 100
ngu;fs; rhg;gpLk; mstpy; kl;Lnk czt[ jahupj;J ,Ue;jdu;. mtu;fs; muprp ntf itj;j
mz;lhtpy; 400 ngu;fSf;F rikf;f Koa[k;. te;jpUe;j kf;fSf;F bra;jpUe;j czt[
gw;whky; ngha; \d;W Kiw rhk;ghu;/ urk; fwpfha; nghd;wtw;iw bra;a ntz;oajhapw;W.
Mdhy; !;thkpfspd; mUspdhy; muprp rhjk; kl;Lk; vLf;f vLf;f te;J bfhz;nl ,Ue;jJ
nghd;w mw;g[j';fs; !;thkpfspd; rupj;jpuj;jpy; rhjhuzkhdit.
mtu; brd;]dapy; j';fp ,Ue;j bghGJ "hdf; fz;zhy; jd; jhahUk;/ jd;Dila
bgupa kfDk; ,we;J tpl;lijj; je;jp tUk; Kd;dnu bjupe;J bfhz;L tpl;l gpd; jhd;
xU rd;ahrp vd;gjhy; mJ Fwpj;Jf; Twp jd;]d vtUk; bjhe;jut[ bra;af; TlhJ vd
fl;l]s ,l;lhu;. rpjk;guj;jpy; gpdj;Jhu; vd;w ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;j bghGJ tpdpjh vd;w
itztu; mtUf;F Vty;f]s bra;J bfhy;y ep]dj;jhu;. ghk;gd; !;thkpfsplk; me;j nga;
brd;w bghGJ …… ehd; ve;j jtWk; bra;atpy;]y. ngh ...... ngha; ahu; vdf;F Vty;
itj;jhu;fnsh mtu;fsplnk jpUk;gpr; bry; vd te;j ngiaj; jpUg;gp mDg;gp tpl;lhu;. kW
ehs; me;j tpdpjh jpObud kuzk; mile;J tpl;lhd;.
rpt]da[k;/ irtu;f]sa[k; gHpj;jtu;fs; kPJ tHf;F nghl;L VG tUl';fshf ele;j
tHf;F kd;w tprhu]zapy; KUfdpd; mUshy; m]dj;jpYk; btw;wp bgw;whu;. ehyhapuj;
jpt;ag; gpuge;jk; kw;Wk;/ rka rhugk; nghd;w it#;zt Ehy;fspd; Muha;rpf; fl;Liuf]s
mtu; btspapl;lhu;. mtu; btspapl;l m]dj;J 500 g[j;jf';f]sa[k; it#;ztu;fns th';fpf;
bfhz;L mjw;F vjpu;g;g[ bjuptpf;Fk; tifapy; mtw;iw vupj;J tpl;ldu;. 1923 Mk;
Mz;oy; jk;g[r;brl;oj; bjUtpy; ele;j tpgj;jpy; mtUila ,lJ KH';fhypy; $l;fh Vwp
KH';fhy; xoe;jJ. bghJ kUj;Jt k]df;F mtu; gf;ju;fs; mtiuf; bfhz;L nghf/
kUj;Jtu;fs; mtUila fh]y btl;o vLj;J tpl ntz;Lk; vd mwpt[Wj;jpdu;. mijf;
nfl;l !;thkpfs; mtu;fs; vd;d TWfpwhu;fnsh mij brat[k; vd;W jd; ez;gu;fsplk;
Twptpl m';F te;jpUe;j rpd;drhkp n$hjplu; vd;gtu; fe;ju; r#;of; ftrj;ijg; gof;fj;
Jt';fpdhu;.
mtu; fdtpy; xU nty; te;J ghk;gd; !;thkpfspd; Kwpe;J nghd fhypy; EiHe;jJ
nghy fhl;rp te;jJ. mjw;F mLj;j rpy ehl;fspnyna ghk;gd; !thkpfspd; fhy; Kw;wpYk;
Fzkhapw;W. M';fpy kUe;Jtu;fs; Tl me;jg; gpd;dzpapd; fhuzk; bjupahjjpdhy; mtu;
Fzkile;jJ mjprakhd xd;W vdf; Twp tpae;jdu;. gjpndhwhk; ehs; jd; gLf;iff;F
mUfpy; ,U kapy;fs; njhif tpwpj;jhl rpWtd; totpy; KUfd; epd;W bfhz;L
,Ue;jijf; fz;lhu;. Mfnt KUf]d ek;gp jtwhky; ka{u thfd nrit tpHhit
elj;JkhW kfh njn$h kz;ly rigapduplk; !;thkpfs Twpdhu;;.
ntYk; kapYk; J]z vd;gJ bgha; my;y vd jd; \yk; epUgpj;jhu; jdf;F
Kot[ fhyk; beU';fp tpl;lij mwpe;J bfhz;l !;thkpfs; rpd;d rhkp n$hjpliu miHj;J
jpUthd;kpa{u; mUfpy; xU ,lk; njLkhW Twpdhu;. mtu; fhy;f]s tpupj;Jf; bfhs;s
fhy;fSf;F ,ilapyhd me;j msit vLj;Jf; bfhz;L mnj mstpy; xU ,lj;ij
th';fpdu;. 1929 Mk; Mz;L nk khjk; 30 Mk; njjp fh]y 7.15f;F jd; gf;ju;f]s miHj;j
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