Professional Documents
Culture Documents
"#$ %&#'($)"
)* +,-./0
ΖΖΖ.ΛΨ∆ΘςΩ∆ΠΗΘΡΨ.ΦΡΠ
2010
® -. ./01234506 72./.
$+101-0 203* .* *.,+ 34-/565757 08.1/+9 75 6.:5 ;0 35 /0,8/.-
3*/07<-0 3 *4/=.-31+ >5?+, @+?. 70 A0/*+57 7.3+*5?, +?+ - 5?51*/.770
9./60, @5, 8/5;-0/+*5?7. 8+3657. 34=?03+5 .* 0-*./0.
,6%1: 978-954-91702-6-9
!"# $%&%'(), *+($)') +' ,%$-" #./",
-)% 0)1#"2% 34%*) 30%'".
5+6 -"*$"0) '+0", #" -% -)(-"' 70%'8
) +'($"#-" -%9%'+ 3 #.1#"∀
5+6 *+3'"0) 70%'" -" 3:$+0" ;%28,
0.$<: 1%-3() ;"9$"#() ) ("4∀
= <+$"'" 3*8<2% ')<+ ;"# 038(" 0$"'".
> 9:#%- 3'+%&% 3'$"<.'.
*& # +,-+()
1,%,-+, " >% $- 2$)",% ,"( )+9 ± $*242(," :" *%5,- *'%1%,". K%
$% $)-." 7%$,2 (2 /012345616 $)2@,2$) ," ,%>")". D>% &2-
)'3(,2 $% 2?%,+*" (&'%)2)#'-)")" $0>,2$) ," #"#*2)2 - (" 4-72.
K36,2 % &2$)2+,,2 35%,%, 6-*2) $7%( 6-*2), ,2 - '":*-*",%
," ,%)7%,,- (*%5,-) $%)-*". A %(-, )*0'(% &"1%)%, 1-. 52*%# $%
(247-6"*" (2 C$)-,")", ,+#"# $% 2$0:,"*" - :"&25*" (" *-6("
B*%)7-,")" $ ,2*- 25-. T"# )2."*" '":4-'", 5% (2$#2'2 % .7%("7,
4%: (" *-6("; $73;"7 %, 4%: (" 53*"; 5%7 % /-$",-+)", 4%: (" .-
'":4-'". /-$",-+)" $ .7"*,2 ⊗/≥ ," 2)(%7,-)% ,"'2(- $" $0$)"-
*+,- * '":,- *'%1%," - $" 4-7- &2*7-+,- 2) 2)(%7,-)% #37)3'-.
B *'%1%)2 *$% $" 4-7- -:#'-*+*",-, 4-72 % &'%1"9*",2 &2 ,%>2
-7- % 4-72 *,"$+,2 ('3.2, #2%)2 2)#72,+*" 2) C$)-,")".
B42',-#0) 2) #,-.-, -:*%$)%, (,%$ #")2 8-47-+)", $0>2 ,% %
-:5%'&")%7%,. K" $*%)$#-)% <(%@$#- - 9'-$)-+,$#- &'2&2*%(-
,-?- 126% (" ,% -1 $% >% (" % )"#", ,2 % )"#". 8-47-+)" ,-)2 %
,"@-$)"'-+) $42',-# 2) $*%>%,- /-$",-+, ,-)2 % $"12(2$)")0-
5%, -:)25,-# ," :,",-+ :" &'2-:92(" ," 52*%5%$)*2)2 - :" /0)+,
#2@)2 )%&0'*" >% -:*0'*+*") $1%7-)% - 35%,27<4-*- (3;-.
D) A%9)-+ :"*%) ,% $% '":4-'" #2- $" -$&27-,-)% (%729-1-)%,
826-)% B-,2*%) ± ⊗$7"*,-)% 52*%?-≥ 2) ⊗$)"'-+ $*+)≥. !"#0* %
)2:- ⊗$)"' $*+)≥, $0>%$)*3*"7 &'%(- &2)21?-)% ," P("1 - M*"
(" $% '":$%7+) &2 7-?%)2 ," N%1+)" - &'%(- &2$)%&%,,2 (" $%
'":1%$+) %:-?-)%∀ K+#2- &2('24,2$)- $" * ⊗!,-." ," M,29≥,
1%6(3*'%1%,,2 &'%1"9,")" 2) A%9)-+ :"*%), ,2 - )2*" /-$",-%
&2*%5% :".")*", 2)#27#2)2 ("*" +$,- 2).2*2'-.
K% % &2-'":7-5,2 - &'- M*",.%7-+)", $0$)"*7+*">- *"6,"
5"$) 2) K2*-+ :"*%). 8%: :,",-+)" :" &'%(-;,-)% %&29- 92'")"
(,%$ )0,") * ,%*%6%$)*2 :" &'2-:92(" $-. P 4%: :,",-+)" :" $7%(-
*">-)% &'%(2&'%(%7%,- %&29- 52*%5%$)*2)2 % 7-;%,2 - 2) +$,"
&'%($)"*" :" $1-$07" - N"*%),")" L%7 ," $*2%)2 $0>%$)*3*",%.
D) 43#*"7,-)% )07#3*",-+ ," /-$",-+)" * K2*-+ :"*%) ,% $%
'":4-'" #"#*2 13 % 934"*2)2 ," 25"#*",2)2 L"'$)*2 826-%. !"#
(" $- .2 &'%($)"*+1%∀ N">2 )'+4*" (" .2 5"#"1% $ )'%&%), ,2 - ("
$% &2(.2)*+1% 3$0'(,2 :" ,%.2∀ B+#"; ,% $% '":4-'" - $1-$070)
2) $)'"(",-+)" * ,"$)2+>")" )01," %&29", #371-,"?-+)" ," #2+-
)2 >% % )0@ ,"'%5%,-+) P&2#"7-&$-$ ± !'"+ ," ⊗$%.";,-+ $*+)≥.
8%(,-+) K2* :"*%)! 8%(%,, :">2)2 % 7-;%, 2) &2+$,%,-+)" ,"
&'"('%*,")" 10('2$), *&7%)%," * '",,29'-$)-+,$#- )*2'4- #")2
⊗/"$)-'0)≥ ," $*. M'1. A )":- #,-.", ,-:*%'.,")" &'%: 5 *%# 2)
)0@ ,"'%5%,-)% L0'#2*,- D)?-, :" $%)%, &0) $% ,")0#*"1% ,"
11
/I=J= !IE BGIKLM=D
14
!"#$%&'&"
9<∃∋+
!"#$%&'
!
$()*+,-./0*1(- 2/345/ (6 /.*3-0 -7 826956 :;26(6,
<=<76>/(- -7 ?267 #*0@>616<.67* A562(67 B;+,6
A 3)+, .6& +$0- '6:- *) /$*) %-, 5=&=9=+ 6%$+-& 3)3 ',9=#
'6? %$ (%$&7() ( *$5,. "#$(=0:,5*)& &-.*-+$ %- *$(,&- - +=5)+),
) 8,%&$ ',&$+7& 8,' '=#(,+,.
A 3)0)& *) &,($1):
± 2- %- :,4 5,%+ - :,4 9#)+. A0:=.()+ +$ %+6' - 5&)'. F,4
'=&5 $ ') +- 8,:,5*) ')/$ )3, +,() @$ :- %+#6() /-(,+). B='-
+=#8$&-(, ',3)+, 8,+=#%7 *$@, 0) +(,$+, %8)%$*-$!
A 3)+, 3)0)& +,(), 5=&=9=+ 8,&$+7& 3=: *$9$%)+).
C=#*)& %$ % 5,#7@) 3&,*3) ( 3&L*) - 7 86%*)& ( $'*) 368.--
*) %6?- &-%+). M5=*7+ %8)%-& &,($1) ,+ %+6'). H,3)+, :&)'-7+
:=/ %$ 5#$$&, 5=&=9=+ 3#=/)& *)' 8&):=1-+$.
A 3)0)&:
± M, &,($1,, +- *):$#- %8)%$*-$ ,+ %+6'). G$5) 0)%-+- 5&)')
%- % :$%,+, :-!
I=&=9=+ %$ ?(=#&-& ( ,5=*7.
A0*$*)')*, &,($1=+ (=03&-3*)&:
± Q?, +- %$ 8,/$#+() 0) :$*! Q0 %=: 5#$<*-3, 3,4+, 69-() *$-
(-**- 8+-1- - /-(,+*-, 0) ') %$ ?#)*- % +7?. "#,3&$+ ') %=:!
A ,+(,#-& 3&$+3)+), 0) ') ,%(,9,'- 5=&=9-1)+). ;, &,($1=+
9-& ,@$ 8,--0*$*)')*, @,: /$*%3)+) 8+-1) *) %(,4 #$' 3)0)&):
± F,7+ %=8#65 %$ /$#+(), 0) ') 0)%-+- 5&)') +-. 2,() '=#(, 9$
*)< ',:. 2- *):$#- 8,'%&,* 8,' *$5,. 2)3) %$ %8)%- ,+ %+6') -
5&)'). 2- %+)*) *)< 5,%+. H=&5 *) ',9#-+$ G+,8)*- $ ') %$ 5#--
/)+ #)'6<*, 0) 5,%+-+$. F,7+) %#,'*) '6<) -08=&*- '=&5) %-.
;$ %$ 9$08,3,4 0) *)%! 2)3) $ 9-&, "-%)*,1. "#-$:- -08$.$*,+,
:$%, *) %=8#65) :-! Q 0) :$* ($.$ *7:) %:-%=& ') /-($7, )3,
%=: -0569-&) %#,'*) '6<). J$ 7 8,%&$'():. ;$3) :,$+, :$%,
9='$ 0) +(,$+, 5&)'*, %$:$4%+(,!
A 3)+, 3)0)&) +,(), 5=&=9-1)+) %=@, %$ ?(=#&-&) ( ,5=*7.
E,($1=+ 9-& #)0+=#%$*. ;$ :,/$& ') *):$#- 8,3,4 - ($.$ *$
0*)$& 3)3(, ') %+,#-. H,8#7& '&)*- ( 0*)3 *) 9&)5,')#*,%+. 2,-
5)() '($ ,5*$*- 8&):=.$+) %$ ('-5*)&- *)' ,5=*7 - %$ 8,*$%&-
0)$'*, 3=: *$9$%)+).
E,($1=+ 0)?(=#&-& ,#=/-$+, - %$ 0)#$3=& 8#$' (-%<-+$ %-&-
') ,+5&$') '$1)+) %-, 3)+, -: 8,3)0() 17& /-(,+ 3)3(, $ ') %-
',9=# G+,8)*-*. F7%+,+, *) +)0- %&6.3) ( *)<- '*- %$ *)#-.)
⊗R)8,+ 2-#+≥2 - $ 9&-0, ', 9#$5) *) %($@$*)+) #$3) I,')()#-.
1
"#$',8#$'$&$*,, %='9), ( %=5&)%-$ % B,/-7+) (,&7.
2
⊗S#): *) 5=&=9-+$≥
!"# $%&'(
)'&)*+,-.- ,/#)
8;" :( ;%;*:(!
G"/()%4 7( * /-*;"6(#-% /)*2-"4 3"($" 7 )/( '.A( ± +(=(
().' * )%76" 6(5.$. C;"=( 7* '%3%/ -%7, :('/(-* %:* * 7*/*
/.32#"/-*:$* -" &14$"/*6( #"&*. B*="=( 7&%$%<-%, $"6% :( -"-
'%:-% ;( 1-*5"/"=( &'() ;%;*:(6%. F(=( 7* ;( ;"#$% 76'"4 %6
5*/%6-%6%, ;%5(=( )" ( +,7-%.
>('2"-" 2% /3(.
± T('-%+*# -( ;1 ( &'%76*# ± $"3"4.
± E"?%6% ( 2%#,;∀
± C -( 7" 7";% 3"<A*6(. 9'()* 2%)*-* 7.; /*5)"# $'"76"/"
5"+" $%#$%6% :%/(=$% +(+(... C %4#U/ 7 :('1&$" $"6% 016+%#-"
6%&$". B" -( 6* '"3&'"/,; $"$/* 6"'"#(5* &'(7*:"6 ;"2*76'"-
#"6". K%#" ;%2"6 )" %+.'-"6...
>17#":$"6" 7 -*?% -( &%$"3/"=(, :( ;( 7#1=".
>"#(=( 3"($". H,$"= 6%< '"3$"3/"=( &%-*-6('(7-* -(?".
±2±
9%:1/76/"4 7( &'(#.76(- * *3%76"/(-.
B%'* B"-*(#", $%,6% 7( &'()76"/,=( 3" ;%, 2%)(-*A", :(76%
;( &%76"/,=( / &%)%+-% &%#%5(-*(. K"6% :( #* -( 2% %:"$/"4 %6
>('2"-", &%-'"3#*:-%6% ;%;*:(.
H6"-" ;* ()-% 6"$%/" $'*/% * $"3"4:
± 917-* 2%! !%5( )" ( +%#(-...
± G( (.
± E"?% )*=" 6"$" 6(5$%∀
± P"3/.#-1/"- ( )" -* /*)*. O7%+(-% 6(+(, !*6(, 3"?%6% )-(7
( /"5(- )(- 3" 6(+.
± G( )1;"<...
E"($.6 ;( &%2#()-" 7 :('/(-* %:*. 9%6'(&('*4.
± >('*, &17-* 2%! G( ;* 4"'(7/".
± H6'"4#*/(A! N)*- )(- ?( 7.5"#,/"=, :( 7* 2% $"3"#.
± G($"! H(2" 6( ;%#, )" 2% &17-(=. C-"$ 7* 6'.2/"; * ?( 7(
&'*+*'"= &(=". 8$% 7(#%6% ( %?( 6"; )(...
± D"; ?( ( ± 1+()(-" +(=( >('2"-" * &'%).#5* )" 2"#* 3"($".
9%)'"3-*4 7(:
± @*5 6*! C;";( 7* -%/" +"+" @"-2".
± !*6(, -( 7( &%)*2'"/"< -" 7";%)*/*6(!
27
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
±3±
Z(76 2%)*-* &%-$.7-%, / ()-" 2%'(?" "/2176%/7$" &'*/(:('
-" 2006 2%)*-", 7( /'.?"4 %6 H%0*, / 7(#%6%. @#"$.6 &%6(2#* %6
2"'" 9*')%& * 7 '"/-%;('-% 6'"$"-( &'%).#5* -" *36%$. F,4
7()-"# )% &'%3%'(A" * %&',4 2#"/" -" 76.$#%6%. G"7'(?" ;( 2#(-
)"=( 7%+76/(-%6% ;* %6'"5(-*(, +#()% &%)%+*( -" -,$%2"=-*,
B*;*6.' G"<:(/, 7./.'=(-% -(&%3-"6% #*A(. C32#(5)"4 76"' *
6"$" 7( :1/76/"4. 8 -( +,4 -"/.'=*# )/"<7(6 * :(6*'* 2%)*-*.
F(6%--*6( 76.#+%/( $'"< #*-*,6" &'%01:"/"4" &'() %:*6(
;*. 9.'/*, /6%'*, 6'(6*... E")"/"4 7* ()*- * 7.? /.&'%7 ± 3"?%
7( /'.?";∀ H6.#+%/(6( *3/()-.5 *3:(3-"4" * &'%+#,7-"4" 7/(6-
#*-*6( -" 5(#(3%&.6(- &'(#(3. 9% &.6($"6" ;(5)1 7()"#$*6(
&'(;*-"4" 4%'". G"7%:/"4" 7( $.; /'"6*6(. 9%3-"4" ;(, "3 7.?%
7* 7&%;-*4 $%* 7", -% -( ;* +(=( )% '"32%/%'*.
33
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
±4±
O$%#% ;(7(A 7#() $"6% &%:-"4;( )" *3#*3";(, >('2"-" &%-
5(#" )" &%7")*; )/( ;#")* +'(3* / ;(76-%766" H/(6" 9(6$",
$%,6% 7( -";*'" -") 7(#%6%. F"?" S ± B%-:% D'"&('" ± $%<6%
+(=( 2%'7$*, 2* )%-(7( %6-,$.)(.
Q%; 3"'*4 $%'(-*6( *;, &'*,6(#$"6" ;*, $%,6% 6/.')(=(, :(
;%5( )" 2%/%'* 7 ).'/(6"6", ;( 3"&%3-" 7 /%#,6" -" 2%'"6":
± C7$"6 )" 2* -"'(:(; !*6$% * >('*.
B/(6( )'./:(6" -"*76*-" &'*#*:"4" -" -"7. F,4;( ()-"$/* -"
'.76. 8 7#() $"6% 2* 3"7")*4;(, $#%-*6( *; 7( &'%6,2"4" 7,$"=
*7$"4" )" 7( )%$%7-"6.
± B"-% -( 2* *3,)"6 $%3*6(... ± $"3"4 -";17(-.
± F'(3*6( ?( 7( &"3,6 /3"*;-%. G% * +%'%/(6( %+(?"4" )" 2*
3"$'*#,6.
± B" +(!
± N#" )" 6* &%$"5" $"$ /*5)"6 ).'/(6"6"...
F,#"6" &14(-$" * '17*6( $%7* ;( &%/()%4" $.; ()*- 4.#;.
H()-"4;( )" &%:*-(; /.'41 $";.-*6( -" /.'4".
38
N@PNRHKODO K8LN
$"$/% ;( &'*4/"-", -% &% ()-% /'(;( &%7(2-"4 &"$, 6%3* &.6 )"
A(#1-" &'*,6(#$"6" 7*.
± H 6(+( *;";( )%2%/%'$" ± %6/.'-" 6, )(#%/%.
± K"$/" )%2%/%'$"∀
± O-"3* -" /6%'"6" #1-". P"3+'"4;( 7( )" ;( %+*:"=, -% -( &%
7/(67$*, -":*-. G( 6* ( )")(-% )" 7* $"6% )'12*6( ;%;:(6".
± K"$ &.$ -(!
± E"?% &.$ -(∀ 9%;-*= #* 1:*#*?-*6( +'*2")*∀
± N76(76/(-%. F,4" )% /6%'* $#"7. 8$% +,4 6'.2-"# -" 1:*#*-
?( 7()(;2%)*=(-, ?,4 )" 4%), 7";% -" ()-"...
± G% 6%2"/" -,;"=( )" 7( /*)*; 3" &'./ &.6 7#() 7#*3"-(6%
-* )%#1. 9%;-*= #* %-%/" 7#"+% &.'/%#":(, $%(6% -,;"=( 7*#*
)" -%7* $%0*6(∀ P"32'.?"4 :1/"#*6(, )%$"6% &%-2%#(;*6( )(A"
2* &.#-(46(.
± G( ;* $"3/"<, :( 6%/" 7* +*#" 6*!
± 9%;-*= #* ;(∀ ± &%&*6" >('2"-" -,$"$ '"3/.#-1/"-".
± 9%;-,... B", &%;-, 6(!
@.'-"4 7( / 7&%;(-*6( 7* $"6% )(6(.
9'(3 &%7#()-*6( 7#.-:(/* )-* / -":"#%6% -" /7,$" 1:(+-"
2%)*-", /;(76% )" *2'", -" 1#*A"6" *#* )" :(6" $-*5$*, +,4 -"
+'"3)*6( $'"< 7(#%6%, 7.+*'"4 ;'.7-*6( $"'6%0* * %:"$/"4 7
-(6.'&(-*( )" ;* )")"6 7/"'(-* -,$%#$% %6 6,4.
G" /6%'"6" * &%7#()-" +'*2")" &'()* 6"$" -"'(:(-"6" )(;%-
$'"A*, ;* +(=( %7%+(-% -(&'*,6-%, 3"?%6% &'()-"6" 2%)*-" -*
&#"6*4" 3" 6'*6( )-* ($7&#%"6"A*, -" )(67$* 6'1) 7 &% )/" #(/"
-" $"#&"$ * 7 &% ()*- &"$(6 '"36/%'*;" #*;%-")".
>('2"-" -" 7/%< '() 7&%)(#*:
± G" ;(- 7.?% ;* +(=( 6(5$% 7 :1/"#". G( 3"?%6% -"$'", ;*
&#"6*4" 7";% ()*- #(/ * &"$(6 %6 2")-"6" #*;%-")". G" 7#()/"-
?*, )(- -( %6*)%4 -" 1:*#*?(. !";" 7( %+")* )" $"5(, :( 7.;
+%#-". K"=#,4. F,4 ;'.7-" %6/.- * %6/.6'(. 9%;-*= #*... 9%-
&*6" ;( 3"?% -( ,; $"'6%0*6(.
± B", &%;-,. O+(?"4 6* )" -( /)*2"; &'"4, $%2"6% *37*&/";
$%0"6" / :1/"#". 9'()#%5*4 )" *3+,2";( $"6% '%+*6( / ⊗T*:%
D%;%/"6" $%#*+"≥. Q,4;( )" &'%/"#*; +'*2")"6". @7*:$* ?,4"
)" -* 6.'7,6 &% 2%'"6"...
± [1$#V%! G( &'%&17-" )" %6+(#(5*=, :( 7* , :(#, &'()* )"
6'.2-(= -" 1:*#*?(. !*7.#6" ;* +(=( 3" %+(?"-*(6% 6*...
± B" 6( &"3, %6 &'"4%#,$"∀
± G( 7";%.
40
N@PNRHKODO K8LN
± G( 6( '"3+*'";.
D, %+,7-*:
± 9'()* )" 7#(3(;, 6* %+(?", :( ?( ;( &"3*= :*76". G( 7";%
%6 &'"4"... G( '"3+*'"= #*∀ @(:( -( 7;( %-(3* )/( )(A" -" &'"=-
-*6( +'"3)*.
± C7$"= )" $"5(=, :( -*$%2" -,;" )" 6( ;*#/";, A(#1/"; *
6"$" -"6"6.$∀ E"?%6% 7.; 5*/%6-%... Y*/%6-%, )(6% 6',+/" )"
76"-( &.'/% :%/($, " &%7#( ;.5.
>('2"-" ;* %+.'-" 2'.+ * 6'.2-" -")%#1 &% 4.#;".
E"6*:"4 7( 7#() -(,.
± 9'%6*/%'(:*= 7*!
± G( 7* &'%6*/%'(:".
± G"&'%6*/. G"#* $"3", :( ?( *;"; ;-%2% )(A"... G";($-", :(
B"-*(#" -,;" )" ;* +.)( 5(-". K"$ ?( 76"-(∀ G(&%'%:-% #* ?(
3":(/"=∀
± >#1&"$! ± ;"4-" 6, 7 '.$" * 17$%'* $'":$*. ± K"3"4, :( ?(
*;"= ;-%2% )(A", +(3 )" 7" 6/%*. G,;" )" 6* 2* '%)* -*6% B"-
-*(#", -*6% "3 ?( 7.; 6* 5(-".
± 8;* 6* $.)( ?( 7*∀ K"$/% ?( 76"-( 7 -"7∀
± Q( '"3+('(=. H$%'%...
>('2"-" 7( 3"6*:".
C3/*$"4 7#() -(,:
± B(/%<$% ;"'* 41+"/"! G( 7.; 5*/%6-% )" +,2"= %6 ;(-.
D, 7( 7&', * $"3":
± C7$"; )" 7( ).'5*= ;.5$*. !.5(6( ).'5"6 -" )1;"6" 7*.
C $"6% 7$'.76* '.A(, )%+"/*:
± Q( ;( &"3*= :*76". Q( 7#1="= /-*;"6(#-%. K"$/%6% ;* (
)")(-%... /7*:$% ?( 6* $"5"! E" %76"-"#%6% -,;" )" ;( &%)&*6-
/"= 7(2". D%#$%/" #* ( 7#%5-%∀
± B%+'(! ± 7.2#"7*4 7(. ± D* %+":( %:"$/"= )" 6* /,'/";, +(3
)" )"/"= )%$"3"6(#76/". G( /,'/"; 6%$1-6"$" -" -*?%. 9*7-" ;*
%6 *76%'**, 7)./$"-* * 2%6%/* 3" &'(2#.?"-(. @ 6,4 :(76% -,;"
* 2'"; *76*-". C )'12%: -( -" /6%'"6", ";* -" )(7(6"6" #1-" -(
+*4 &'*(# 7.)+"6" -" (/-14.
± F'(<, 2%#,; ;.5$"'! ± &'*7;, ;* 7( 6,.
C &'%3/1:" -,$"$ 6.5-":
± G($" 6* /.'-" 5(76"! G($" 6* $"5", :( *3%+?% -( 7( &%3-"-
/"=. D(&.'/" ?( %&%3-"/"= )1="6" 7*.
± >('*, ;%#, 6(, -( 7( 7.')*! K"$./ ( 7'%$.6∀
± K%< 7'%$∀
41
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
± G" )%2%/%'$"6".
± G,;" 7'%$.
G( ;%5(4 )" &%/,'/"; -" 1=*6( 7*:
± 8$% 6%#$%/" 6( %6/'"?"/";, 3"?% *3#*3"= 7 ;(-∀
>('2"-" 3"6/%'* %:* * &%;.#:". G"+#U)"/"4 $"$ 3(-*A*6( S
="',6 3") $#(&":*6(. B%76'"=" ;(. Q%; %6/%'* %:*, 6, $"3":
± G( %+?1/"; 7 4%'", $%*6% ;( %6/'"?"/"6. G( 2* 3"&%3-"/";
7 &'*,6(#*6( 7* / 2%'"6". B%2%/%'$"6" -* -,;" 7'%$. 9'*(;*, :(
?( /"5* -,$%#$% ;(7(A". D%#$%/" ;* )"/"6 )" 6* $"5". 8$% -(
4*6'1/"=, 3" )" '"3/"#*; )%2%/%'$"6", ?( *3;*7#, $"$ )" 6( 3"-
'")/";.
K*;-"4, :( *;";( 7)(#$".
D, )%<)( )" ;( &'(2.'-( * &%;%#*:
± H(2" )" 7* /.'/*;!
H#()%+()" -" 7.?*, )(- 7( '"3)(#*4 7 B"-*(#".
Q%; /.'-"4 >('2"-" 1 6,4, 7( &'*+'"4 / %+'"3A%/*, )%;.
O?( %6 /'"6"6" +"+" ;* ;( &%)4/"-":
± !*6$%, ,#", +"+%, )" 6( &*6"; -(?%...
± K"5*, >'"-*!
O+'.?"4 7( $.; +"+" ;* 7 "-2#*<7$"6" )1;" 3" 76"'" 5(-".
± F"+" 6* !"'*, &*6" 3"?% -( 4%)*= 1 6,4. B" -( 76( 7( 7$"-
'"#* -(?% 7 B"-*(#$"∀
± G( 7;( 7( $"'"#*.
± E"?% -( 4%)*= /(:( 1 6,4∀
± 8;* ?%6% -( ;* 7( 4%)*... >'"-*, 6%/" 7* ;%, '"+%6". G()(<
)" ;* 7( ;(7*=!
± K.)( 4%)*=, +"+%∀ B" -( 7* 3"#U+*# )'12" ;%;"∀
± C 6%/" 7* ( ;%, '"+%6"...
P"3&*6.6 ;%5(=( )" &'%).#5* )% ;'.$/"-(. G( 7;,6"4, :(
7.; )#.5(- )" )"/"; %+,7-(-*, 3" #*:-*, 7* 5*/%6 -" $%2%6% *
)" +*#%. O+.'-"4 7( &"$ )" *3#*3";.
H6"'"6" 7( &'%/*$-" 3") ;(-:
± G( ( 41+"/% 6"$", !*6$%. C)* 7( '"3+('(6( )" -( 6( %)1;/"6
%?( 4%'"6"...
9'%76% &'*$"3$"!
J/-% 7( 2%/%'(=(, :( 7.; 7#()/"?*,6 217#"=$* 3(6. O:"$/"4
2%, ;-%3*-" ;( /*5)"4", :( /%3, >('2"-". O67$%'% )%'* &%#3/"4
$#"$7%-", 3" )" , /*$"; )" *3#(3(.
B%$"6% &'(7*:"4 1#*A"6", 7Η 3";*7#*4 7 $"$./ #* &',$%' ;Η
-"'*:"6 3") 2.'+": !*6$% >17#"$" *#* B*;*6.' L1)*,∀
42
N@PNRHKODO K8LN
@7.?-%76 -( ;* &1$"=(.
>('2"-" 3" ()*- :"7 ;* )"',/"=( &%/(:( ?"76*(, %6$%#$%6%
&%#1:*4 %6 B"-*(#" 3" +#*3% 2%)*-". !%5(4 )" &'()/*), 5*/%6"
7* 7 /-1:$"6" -" 7.7()*6( )% -"<-;"#$*6( &%)'%+-%76*. Q(=(
)" +.)( ()*- %+*$-%/(- 5*/%6 7 %+*$-%/(-" 5(-". Q,4;( )"
5*/((; / %+*$-%/(- )%; * )" 2#()";( $"$ 7( +%'*:$"6 * '"76"6
)/(6( -* )(A".
8 >('2"-" ;* &'()#"2"=( ;-%2% &%/(:(. @7( -(%+*$-%/(-%...
@%)(=( ;( 7 '"3$"3* -" /6%'"6" #1-". C7$"=( )" /%), -(,
$.)( #* -(. 9'()#"2"=( A,# 7/,6, / $%<6% * ).'/(6"6", * 6'(/*6(,
* $";.-*6(, * 5*/%6-*6( '"3$"3/"4" 3" :1)(7".
E"<A*6( -( +,4" &'%76% 3"<A*, " ;.)'* X:*6(#*, 7&%7%+-* )"
7( /7(#,/"6. W%'"6" -( 7&,4" /(:(', 2'%4-"#* %6 1;%'", " 7(
&'(/'.?"4" / 3/(3)* 7.7 7'(+'*76* %&"=$* * &.61/"4" *3 +(3-
&'()(#-*, /7(;*'. 8 /7(;*'.6 +*# &%):*-(- -" /(#*$* E"$%-*.
@#,3%4 / )/%'" -" 7.7()7$"6" $.?".
!('-"4 B"-*(#" )" -")-*:" 3") &'%3%'(A" -" /6%'*, (6"5.
± B"-*!
E"/(7"6" &%6'(&/"=( *3)"<-*:(7$*.
± B"-*-*-*!
H#() *3/(76-% $%#(+"-*( $'*#"6" -" &'%3%'(A" 7( %6/%'*4" *
$"6% / '";$" -" $"'6*-" 3"76"-" +1$/"6" [ ± 7";% :( A/(6-" * 7
-,$%* &%)'%+-%76*: &'*7/*6* %:*, -";17(-" 176" * 7$1#*, $%*6%
&%;'.)/"4" / '*6.;" -" 6.'$"?* 7( 3.+*. >('2"-" +(=( &'"/",
:( -( 7( &%3-"/"4. F*4 &'()&%:(# * )" 7.; (/-14 &'() 6%/" /7($*
)(- )" 2#()"; 6"3* +1$/".
9%&*6"4, 3"2#()"- -"2%'(:
± 9'($'"7-" Y1#*(6", ;%5( #* P%;(% )" 7( $":*∀
± G( ;%5(.
± 8;* )%+'(... ± 7/*4 '";(-( * &%;"4"4 3" 7+%2%;.
Y1#*(6" '"3;*7#* * /*$-" %6 /*7%$"6" $1#" -" )/%'(A" 7*:
± G%';"#(- #* 7* +(, -(-%';"#-*$%∀
± !%5( #* )" -( &'"/*; 7(*' 3" 7.7()*6(∀ ± &%;%#*4, 7#()
$"6% 7( /.'-"4 -,$%#$% $'":$*.
G( &%7;,4 )" 3"76"-" 6%:-% &%) &'%3%'(A". G" &('/"3" 6%2"/"
+,4" &%)'()(-* 7"$7**.
± G( ;%5(! G($" /7*:$* '"3+('"6 $"$./ 7* -(-%';"#-*$. K"$
;%5" +(∀ H L1)"6"!
± B"-*, '"376'%(-" 7*... 8$% ;* &%3/%#*= )" 7( $":", ?(...
± G(! G,;" )" 76.&*= &%/(:( /$.?*.
43
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
±5±
@',/"6" -" $%6$*6( ;( /.'-" %6 7&%;(-*6(.
P"32.'-"4 &"$ $'*#"6" -" &'%3%'(A" * 7( -"/()%4 -"&'().
@)*=/"4 ).#+%$% %6 :*76*, &'%4#")(- /.3)14. >#"/"6" ;* 7(
3";", * $*#-" #($% -"3"), " %:*6( ;* 7,$"= 7";* 3";*5"4" %6
1)%/%#76/*(. Q%; 2* %6/%'*4, &'() ;(- 7( '"32.-" ;"76*#(-%-
7*-V% -(+(, &%$'*6% -"=*' * -")#.5 %6 +(3+'%<-* 3/(3)*.
>%#(;*, ,'$* ± 6"$*/" 7( /*5)"4" 7";% %6 &#"-*-"6".
8 ()-" %6 3/(3)*6( &")"=( -(%+*:"<-% +"/-% $.; F"#$"-",
+(3 )" %76"/, %&"=$". 9%+.'3"4 )" 7* -";*7#, 5(#"-*(. 9%*7$"4
%6-%/% )" /*), >('2"-" * 7$%'% )" 7* -";(', '"+%6". C ;%5(4 )"
7( 3"$.#-", :( 6.$;% $%2"6% ?(=( )" *3:(3-( 3") /.'4%/(6(, 3/(3-
)"6" 7( 7&', 3" ;*2, &'%+#,7-" &%-7*#-% * 7$%'% , &%2.#-"4"
&#"-*-7$*6( 2%'*.
O76"/*4 &'%3%'(A" %6/%'(- * 7( /.'-"4 / #(2#%6%. @ 2#"/"6"
;* 7 /(:('-*, 4#") -"4#1/"4" ;(:6* 3" +.)(?(6%. E"7&"# 7.;, +(3
45
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
51
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
±6±
B%$"6% -"+#*5"/"4;( ;(76-%766" K%3-*A", $%,6% 7( -";*'"
;(5)1 8-6%- * 7.7()-%6% 7(#% K#*71'", 7;.6-% &%)%3'(-*( 3"
;176"$"6*, 61':*- ;( -"$"'" )" 7* 7&%;-, '"3$"3*6(, $%*6% +,4
7#1="# $"6% )(6(.
@ 76"'% /'(;( / %$%#-%766" 7( $'*(#* 4"<)16*.
O6 /.'4%/(6( -" &#"-*-"6" %2#(5)"#* A,#%6% &%#(, $.)(6%
:(76% ;*-"/"#* $('/"-* ± 6.'2%/7$* * 7 )"-.A*6( 3" 61'7$*,
71#6"-. @*5)"#* 7( %6)"#($%, " 4"<)16*6( 7( 76,2"#* 3" 7'"5(-
-*, %6'"-%.
K%2"6% -"&")(-*,6" 7( 1/(-:"/"#* 7 17&(4*, ;.5(6( 3"'"/,#*
-"$*6*6( * &"'*6(. 9'"/(#* -*="-* * 7( 3"$#(/"#* /3"*;-%, :(
-*$%< -,;" )" $'")( %6 *;"-(6%. 9"'*6( +*#* 7.+*'"-* $"6%
&.'/" /-%7$" 3" 4"3-"6" -" H/%+%)-" F.#2"'*,.
H#() 2%)*-* -,$%* 4"<)16* 76"-"#* 4.=%/(, )'12* ± %&.#-
:(-A*, 6'(6* 7( &'.7-"#* $.)( #* -(. 9%)'%+-%76*6( 7( '"3;*#*,
-*="-*6( 76"-"#* -(13-"/"(;* * 6(3* *76%'** 7( -";-%5*#* /
'"3-* #(2(-)*. H.$'%/*?"6" %76"-"#* )" :"$"6 O7/%+%5)(-*(6%.
G,$%* %6 6,4 ;%5( +* 2% :"$"6 )% )-(7...
D" / %-*, /'(;(-" &'()* 6.< -"'(:(-%6% O7/%+%5)(-*( ()*-
3";%5(- +.#2"'*- 7* 7(),# 7 +'%(-*A" / '.A( / ()*- %6 61'7$*6(
$%-"A* * &*(# $"0( 7 )%;"$*-*6(. C -(-")(<-% 7( &'*7(6*#:
± !-%2% 7/*-( *;" -"%$%#%. @7( 2'146,6 * $/*:"6. K%:*-*6(
*; /;*'*7/"6 7(#"6". D',+/" )" 7( &#"?" )"-.$ 3" =1;", 3" &%-
;*,6", 3" /%-,6"... B" &*=(; -" $%2%6% 6',+/"!
± H"$.-! O?( )"-.A*...
± E" 7/*-(6(, "2", 3" 7/*-(6( ± 16%:-*# :%'+")5*,6". ± G*(
7/*-( -( 2#()";(.
C 6"$", %6 $%-"$" &*7"#* $.)(6% * )% $%2%6% 6',+/".
H#1:$"6" 7( '"3:1#". D%2"/"=-*,6 /%</%)", $%<6% %+*$"#,# 7
:(6"6" 7* &% K%3-*A", ;-%2% 7( '"32-(/*#. 8 $%2"6% &'* -(2%
)%=#* -($%#A*-" 7(#,-* )" 76"/"6 4"<)16*, /%</%)"6" 2* /.'-"#
%+'"6-%. O+(?"# )" 2* &'*(;( / :(6"6" 7";% "$% )%/()"6 5*/
%-3* *3;($,', :%'+")5*,6".
H(#,-*6( 7( /.'-"#* &%6-*, 3":('/(-* * 3"&.46(-*.
54
N@PNRHKODO K8LN
±7±
B/";"6" ;.5( %:"$/"4" )" /,'/";, :( &% 6(3* ;(76" ( *;"#%
61'7$% 7(#*?(. G,;"4 &%/%) )" ;*7#,, :( "'-"16*6( 7" 3"&"3*#*
$"$/*6% * )" +*#% &'*,6-* 7&%;(-*. B%'* &'()"-*,6" )" +,4"
&%2'(=-*, " 7(#*?(6% )" ( +*#% 61'7$%, -( /*5)"4 $"$ Z(0*$
+* 7( *3;.:/"# %6 &%6%;76/(-" -%76"#2*,. O:*6( ;* -( #.5(4"...
D%/" ;,76% -( +(=( 7.3)")(-% 3" 7(#*?". 9% -(2% / )'(/-*
/'(;(-" 7" +'%)*#* &%7/(6(-* %/:"'* * 76'"=-* 4"<)16*, &'(-
$%7,/"#* 7" 2% '"3-* $('/"-*, 3"76%,/"#* 7" 7( /7,$"$/* /%<7$*,
&'()* 7";%)*/*6( )" 2* *32%-,6. K%3-*A" ( 6%:-% 6"$%/" ;,76% ±
&'*$"3-%, 1()*-(-%, 721=(-% ;(5)1 )/(6( &#"-*-* * /.3/*=(-
-*(6%, $%(6% 2* 7/.'3/".
D% -( 6.'&* 7;.'6-* 4%'" )" 7( 3"76%,/"6.
9'()* =(76 2%)*-* +(=( &'%$1)*#% * ;(-...
G") +(3)-"6", $%,6% +,4" %+'"31/"#* )/( '($*, ;"#$% -" 7(/('
%6 -,$%2"=-%6% "'-"167$% 7(#*?(, 7( *3/*7,/"=( /*7%$ * ).#.2
;%76. D%< +(=( :"76 %6 ;"2*76'"#"6". @(:( 2% +,4;( &'(&%#%/*-
#* 7 &(5%6%, $%2"6% &%2#()-"4 &'(3 &'%3%'(A".
57
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
±8±
K%2"6% >('2"-" ;( &%$"-* -" '%5)(- )(-, 7( 3";*7#*4 3" &%-
)"'.$". D, *;"=( -15)" %6 ;-%2% -(?". @7( &"$ &'(A(-*4, :(
%6-%=(-*,6" -*, 6"$*/", $"$/*6% +,4", -( ;* &%3/%#,/"4" )" S
/3*;"; )'(4*. H6'"41/"4 7(, :( ;%5( )" , -"'"-,, "$% &%;*7#*,
68
N@PNRHKODO K8LN
9%$%#(+"4 7( )"#* )" ( 6%:-% 6"3* &(7(-. G" ()-% ;,76% / ;(-
#%)*,6" $"6% :( &'%&#"$/"=( A*21#$", -% -( ;* )%&")"=( %-%/",
/).4-%/*#% &(7(-6". !16'* ± $"$ &.$ -(! C 7,$"= :14 >('2"-"
)" ;( %$1'"5"/": ⊗E"?% &.$ -(∀≥
B%$"6% &'*$'*/"4 7 6,#% 7/(6#*-"6" -" 3"&*7/":$"6", * &'(3
1; -( ;* ;*-", :( 7 6"3* &'($'"7-" &(7(- +(3&.6*A"6" ;* &'()*
$"3"';"6" ?(=( )" 7/.'=*. 8 7#() 6%/" ?(=( )" )%<)( * -(?%,
$%(6% ;%5(4 )" %&'()(#, ()*-76/(-% $"6% :('(- 41;%' -" 7*#*,
7/(6#* * 6.;-*, $%*6% 6(&.'/" ?,4 )" %&%3-"/";...
@(:('6" &'()* '%5)(-*, )(- 2'"+-"4 ;"'$(' * 7( &%6'1)*4
/.'41 -")&*7" -" 2%#*, )*7$. B%76" /'(;( ;*-", &'()* 6($76.6
⊗3" >NPC %6 !CDKO≥ )" 76"-( 2%6%/.
G" -,$%#$% &.6* 7( 4/"-"4, :( -(/%#-% %+#*3/"; 176-*6( 7*,
)%$"6% /2#.+(-% * 76"'"6(#-% *3&*7/"4 +1$/*6(. @'.?"4 7( -( /
=(76*, " -"&'"/% / &.'/* $#"7. G( ;* &1$"=( ± +,4 ?"76#*/, &.$
* 3',#% 7* -"#%5*4 )" -( %2'"5)"; -")&*7" 7.7 7.'A(.
9'"3-(-76/%6% +(=( 1 >('2"-*-*. D%2"/" 3" &'./ &.6 &'($'"-
:*4 &'"2" -" >17#"A*6( * %:*6( ;* 3"="'*4" /./ /7*:$* &%7%$*.
F,4 $"6% W(-3(# / )%;" -" /(?*A"6". K.?"6" +(=( 7$'%;-",
1U6-" * :*76", $"6% %6 &'*$"3$*6(.
K"3"4 -" >('2"-", :( ?( *36*:"; )" )%-(7" 6"+(#$"6", $%,6%
7,$"= -(3"7#15(-% $*:(=( ;%,6" &%'6". D, 7( 3"7;, * ;( A(#1-"
&% +13"6". O6 /'"6"6" -")1=*4 6%$1-?% *3&(:(-*6( 7#")$*=*, 7
$%*6% ;"<$" S ± #(#, N';*-", ?(=( )" ;( 12%?"/" &'(3 7#()-
/"?*6( -,$%#$% :"7". 9'(3 6%/" /'(;( 7#1="4;( )*7$" -" ;%,
76"' &'(-%7*; &#(<.'. H 2#"7, $%<6% -( 6.'&(=( /.3'"5(-*,, 2%
&'()76"/*4 3" %&"$%/$"6" -" &%)"'.$".
K"6% *3$#U:*; 6%/", :( -" &'"3-*:-"6" ;"7" +,4;( 7";% "3,
>('2"-" * ;"<$" S, '%5)(-*,6 )(- +(=( :1)(7(-. !%;*:(6% 7
&',$%'" L1)"6" -,;"=( ;-%2% &'*,6(#*, #*:(=( 7* * &'(3 6%3*
/"5(- 3" /7($*2% )(-. F(=( ;* -,$"$ -(&'*,6-%, 3")(6% 2#"/"6"
-" 7(;(<76/%6% %67.76/"=(.
± !*6(, $"$/% 6* (∀
± G*?%.
± E" 6"6$% #* 7( &'*6(7-,/"=∀
± B" -( ( +%#(-∀
± F%#(-∀! D%3* ),/%#∀! ± 3"7;, 7( #(#, N';*-", $%,6% +(=(
;*#", &'(5)(/'(;(--% &%+(#,#" 5(-". ± H #%/)5**6( (.
9%7#( 76"-" * -* %76"/* 7";*.
G";(76*4 7( +(3 -15)" -" 76%#". O2#(5)"4 7( 213-%.
70
N@PNRHKODO K8LN
±9±
Z(0*$ * !(4;() 7* &'*$"3/"4" * 6%$1 ;( &%2#(5)"4".
9'%6(2-"4 7( * 76"-"4 )" 7( '"36.&:". E"&.6*4 7( $.; /.'4" *
7( 3"2#()"4 $.; 7$"#*6( -" 3"&"). F,4" $'"7*/*, -% * 76'"=-*.
>#()"4 2* 7.7 7;(7(-* :1/76/".
± !*6$%! ± /*$-" +.#2"'*-.6.
O6*)%4 &'* 6,4.
± K"$/% 3-"(= 3" %-(3* 7$"#*∀
± K"$/% 6',+/" )" 3-";∀ ± %6/.'-"4 7 /.&'%7.
± >#()"= 2* 76'"--%...
± D%:-% 6%/" 7* ;*7#(4 ± $"3"4 * &%6.'$"4 +(#(2" -" ),7-"6"
7* '.$". ± H6'"--* 7" -,$"$.
± W%)*# #* 7* 6";∀ ± '"3&*6/"=( ;( !(4;().
± @()-.5. F(=( &'()* 2%)*-*.
± Q( -* 3"/()(= #*∀
± D";∀! G(!
± E"?%∀
± 8 3"?% )" /* /%),∀
± G"#* 7( '"3+'"4;( )" 7* -* /%)":∀
± G( +(=( 6%:-% 6"$", =(0(. X2%/%'$"6" -* +(=( )" /* $":"
-" $"#(6% * )" 3"+'"/,, :( 7.; 2% &'"/*#. 8$% ?( &'%;(-,6( 17-
#%/*,6", ?( 7( )%2%/"',;( -"-%/%.
± O?( &"'* #* *7$"=∀
E";.#:"4 7*. F.#2"'*-.6 7;(-* )'15(7$*, 6%- 7 "/6%'*6(6(-.
± !*6$%... )%76" &"'* 6* )")%4;(. E" 6(3* &"'* ;%5(4;( )" 7*
-"(;(; -( ()*-, " :(6*'*;" /%)":*. B")%4 2*, 3"?%6% ;* 7( /*),
7/(76-% ;%;:(. D%/" 7" 7(#7$* -%;('".
H#() 6(3* )1;* *3/")*4 )/(6( +"-$-%6* * &'%6(2-"4 '.$" )"
;1 2* /.'-". !.#:"4 7*. !(4;() 7.?% -( $"3" -*?%. G( &%7(2-"
* )" 7* &'*+('( ?()'"6" 71;".
73
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
± O6$.)( , *;"6(∀
± G( 3-"; ± $"3" +.#2"'*-.6. ± G" Z(0*$ (.
± G( ;%5(= #* )" 2% &*6"=∀ G(?% ;* &%)7$"3/", :( &'()A*6(
;1 7" , 3")*2-"#* %6 -,$%< -"= ;"-"76*', 7#() $"6% 7"...
± K"$/% 3-":(-*( *;"∀
H2.-"4 #*76" * 2% /.'-"4 -" 61':*-". 9%7#( $"3"4 -" )'12*,:
± Z(0(, 7;,6"4, :( 7;( 7( '"3+'"#* 3" 6"<-*6(. O:(/*)-%
$"'6"6" /%)* )% -(?% A(--%. H6'1/" ;* 7(, :( ;%2" )" /* 3"/()"
)% 3#"6%. C )" ;* %&'(= &*76%#(6 / 2#"/"6", -,;" )" 2% 76%',,
"$% &.'/% -( ;* $"5(6( &%/(:( 3" 6", $"'6". B%61$ 7.7 7(#*?"6"
-" &'()A*6( * *321+(-*6( :"7%/-*A*!
± E-":* /%)* )% *;"-(∀ ± '"3/.#-1/" 7( !(4;() * &'()")(
&%/(:(6% %6 +#,7.$" / %:*6( 7* -" Z(0*$. ± K"$ '"3+'"∀
± 9.'/% "3 3")")%4 /.&'%7.
± O6$.)( 3-"(=, :( /%)* )% 3#"6%∀ ± -"76%, * 6%<.
± !%5( 6"$" )" ( -"&*7"-%... ± $"3"4 7 -"<--(/*--%6% #*A(,
$%(6% ;%5"4 )" 7* )%$"'";.
± B" -( 7* &'%:(# <('%2#*0*6(∀
± G( 7" <('%2#*0*, " 2#"2%#*A".
± D, -( +(=( #* ;-%2% 76"'"∀ K.)( 7* 7( 1:*# )" , :(6(=∀
± F,4 51'-"#*76. K"$/% #* -( 7.; -"1:*# / '"+%6"6"...
± Y1'-"#*76∀ ± 1&#"=* 7( !(4;().
± F*/=. G,;" %6 $"$/% )" 7( &'*6(7-,/"6(. G*?% -,;" )" 7(
&%,/* &% /(76-*A*6(. !"#$% ;( ( 7'";, :( +":$"4 / &'(7"6", -%
%&'()(#(-% 7( &'*)%+*/" %&*6 3" ;-%2% -(?".
± K"$/% &'"/*= 7(2" / %-%/" 7(#%∀
± K%2"6% ;( 7&',46(, %6*/"4 $.; %+?*-"6". O6$"$6% +"+" ;*
&%:*-", $.?"6" ( 76"-"#" 7.+%'(6*-".
!(4;() &'*7/* %:*:
± K.?"6" * +"+" 6* ;* 7( /*),4" )%+'(.
± O-", 5(-" ( 7.7()$". Q( 5*/(, 1 6,4 /'(;(--%. 8 7 ;%, ),#
%6 3#"6%6% ?( ;%2" &"$ )" 7* /)*2-" *;(-*(.
± !-%2% +.'3"=. O?( -( 7;( 2% -";('*#*. O6 6'*;" -* 7(2"
7";% 6* 3-"(= $.)( (.
± 8$% -"76%,/"6(, ?( /* 3"/()".
± K"$ 6"$" "$% -"76%,/";(∀ ± *3-('/* 7( *;"-,',6.
O+,7-*4:
± 8;* /*5 $"$/%, =(0(. D%/" 3" ;%, ),# +(=( =(2". K.)( %6
71(/('*(, $.)( &% )'12* &'*:*-*, -,;" )" *7$"; ),# %6 *;"-(6%.
Q( 7* ( 3" /"7. H./(6.6 ;* ( )" -( 2% 6.'7*;. L(7-* &"'* #(7-%
77
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
7( 21+,6. 8 -,$%* 4%'" $"3/"6, :( 6"$%/" 3#"6% -%7* +()* 3" A,#
5*/%6. W%'"6" :(76% 21+,6 -( 7";% &"'*6(, -% /7*:$% *...
± !*6$%, 4*: -( 6* %6*/" )" 4*6'1/"=! K"3"4 6*, :( -( 7;(
2#1&"A*6(, 3" $%*6% -* ;*7#*=. K"$/% 7(2"... C7$"= /7*:$%6%
3#"6%∀
± G( 2% *7$"; 6%/" 3#"6% +(, :%/($! 8$% 2% -";('*;, ;%5( )"
*7$"; )" ;* &#"6*6( / +'%<.
± K%#$%∀ C;"< &'()/*), :( &%-,$%2" -( *3#*3" ;-%2%.
± 8;*... ± 3":1)*4 7( $"$/% )" %62%/%',. ± W"<)( 3"7(2" )" 7(
'"3+('(; 3" %?( )/" &.6* &% 6%/", $%(6% ;* )")%46(. 8$% *3#(3(
A,#" )(#/", ;%5( )" ;* &#"6*6( &%/(:(... K%#$%6% /*( '(=*6(.
± H6"/" ± 7.2#"7* 7( +.#2"'*-.6. ± H(2" $"5* $.)( ( 3#"6%6%!
± G,;"!
C 7( -"&'"/*4 -" /.3;16(- * )%'* #($% %+*)(-.
H6"'"(4 7( )" 2% %+.'$/";.
± K"$ 6"$"∀
± C "3 *7$"; 2"'"-A**.
± K"$/*∀
± 83 $"$ )" 7.; 7*21'(-, :( -,;" )" ;* 7( 7#1:* -(?%, "$% /*
$"5" 7(2"∀ B/";" 76(, -( ;%2" )" /* -")/*,, &.$ * %'.5*( ;%5(
)" *;"6(. T(76-% $"3"-%, ;"#$% ;( ( 76'"4 %6 /"7.
± C;"4 6( 3" $1'-"3 ;%;:(. D* 3" $"$/* -* ;*7#*=∀
F(3 )" 7/"#,; %:* %6 !(4;(), &%$"3"4, :( -( 7;,6"; /.&'%7"
;1 3" '*6%'*:(-:
± O6$.)( )" 3-"; $"$/* 76(∀ @"5-%6% (, :( 3#"6%6% &'%;(-,
4%'"6". 9'(/'.?" 2* / )'12* 4%'". O&"7-* 4%'". C A"'( %6$":"6,
$%2"6% 1;.6 *; ( /7( / 4"3-"6". K"$ )" 3-"; $"$/% ?( 76"-(, "$%
5.#6*A*6( /* %;"2V%7"6∀
D%< 7( 3"7;,. !%5( +* 7( -"),/"=(, :( 6"$" ?( '"37(( &%)%-
3'(-*,6" ;*. G" &',$ /.&'%7 -,;"=( $"$ )" %62%/%'* 7.7 7;,4.
9%&*6"4 2%:
± N, =(0(, $"5* 7*: *;"6( #* %'.5*(∀
± F(... G( 7;( 6"$*/" 4%'"!
G"76%,/"4 -" 7/%(6%:
± 8;* "$% &%*7$"; )" 7#(3(6(, 3" )" &'(6.'7, $%#"6"∀
F.#2"'*-.6 ;( 3"76'(#, 7 &%2#(). J)%7" 7(, :( -"4"#76/";.
@.%+?( -( ;* &1$"=(. H(),4 -(/.3;16*;% * :"$"4 %62%/%'.
Z(0*$ 7( &1#(=( 61 $.; ;(-, 61 $.; %'6"$" 7*. G(-")(<-%
!(4;() 7( -"/()( * +'.$-" &%) 7()"#$"6" 7*, %6$.)(6% *3/")*
;"#.$ :('(- &*76%#(6. !*2-%/(-% ;( %+#, 761)(-" &%6.
78
N@PNRHKODO K8LN
± 10 ±
@ $%#"6" -( ;( 7/.'6"=(.
!*7.#6" 3" $"'6"6" ;( /#1),/"=( ± -(?% ;* &%)7$"3/"=(, :(
6"3* $"'6" ( &%-A(--" %6 )(7(6 )(#/* 7.7 3#"6%. O&*&"4 )5%+%-
/(6( -" ).-$*6( * ,$(6% 7*. G"),/"4 7( )" -";(', -(?% 3" &*-
7"-(. G,;"4 -*?%, 7 $%(6% 7$'*=%; )" &'('*71/"; 2#"2%#*A"6".
G"'"76/"4" * &'*6(7-(-*,6" ;*, :( :"$";( 3"#(3" -" &.6, 3"
4*5"6" ± -( 3-"(4 )"#* B%-:% D'"&('" ;( ( /*),# %6 $'.:;"6".
G(7&%$%(- +(=( * !(4;().
D%$1 ;( '"3&*6/"=( 3" '"+%6"6" ;* $"6% 51'-"#*76.
± G(, -( 7" ;( 1/%#-*#* ± %6/.'-"4 -" ()*- /.&'%7. ± 9%/(:(
+(=( '"3),#" &% /3"*;-% 7.2#"7*(... D%, $"$/% 7( 4*#* &"$∀
± G" &%2%/%'$"6" 6*. G( ;%5( )" 6* 7( -":1)*.
± 84"... N, -( ;%5( /7*:$* )" 7" -(-"7*6-* $"6% -(2%. D%/" -(
;1 2% &'(/(5)"<! 8;" "$% &"$ 2% :1, )" $"3/" %-", )1;", #%=%
?( 76"-(. 9'()1&'()*# 7.; 6(.
± G,;" +(!
± D(+( ()/" #* 6( -"'*:" 6"$".
F.#2"'*-.6 7( -"&'"/* -" -(&1$*76:
± 8$% 7( %+*5)"= %6 A.'/1# $"6% -(2%, 7"; 7( &%76"/,= &%-
)%#1. D(2#* ;1 ()-" ;"<-" -" 1;. 9'()76"/* 7* $"$/" ;"<$" 2% (
'%)*#" 6"$./ 41+%76-*$ * ?( 6* ;*-(.
Z(0*$, $%<6% 7( +(=( %6$"3"# &%76%,--% )" '"3&*6/" $"$/%
7* 2%/%'*;, 7( &'(7(2-" )" &17-( '")*%6%. K%#"6" 7( *3&.#-* 7
%'*(-6"#7$* '*6;*. G"#(6,4" &'"/% -" -('/*6( ;*, $%*6% * +(3
6%/" +,4" %&.-"6* $"6% 76'1-* -" A*21#$".
O6/%'*4 /'"6"6" * $"3"4:
± N< 7(2" 7( /'.?";. O6*/"; )" &*$",.
81
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
7.; &'"/ 3" 7(+( 7*. N)-" &%2%/%'$" * %6 ;(-: )" 7* +.#2"'*-,
76'1/" &"'*; )" 7* 7/%+%)(- +.#2"'*-, 76'1/" %?( &%-7$.&%; 3"
)" 7* +.#2"'*- 7 2%')%76, 6',+/" )" 7* +", +%2"6!
C;"-,',6 7( 3").4" * -"&'"/* &"13".
C3&%#3/"4 ,:
± Z(0(, 2'(=-% ;( '"3+'". E" 6(+( -*?% -( 3-";. H/(76(- :%-
/($ ;* 7( /*5)"=... J7-% 7( /*5)", :( ;*7#*= 3" )(A"6" 7*.
± !-%2% /.'=(,, -% ;"#$% &'"/, 3" 6,4 ± &%&'"/* ;( !(4;()
* 3"+* &%2#() / 3(;,6". ± K"$/% )" -"&'"/,∀ 9'%)"/"; +.#2"'7$%
* &%7#( $1&1/"; +.#2"'7$% 3" ;"#$*6(. G( 7* $'*/, )1="6"...
C;"; &"'*. C;";, -% &% ;%, $'"< -,;" $"$/% )" 7( $1&*. !"#$%
7*21'-%76 * ;"#$% 2%')%76. D%/" (. >%#,;%6% ;* ( / 6'(6* $#"7.
9'"6*4 2% / 2'")", :( )" ( / +.#2"'7$% 1:*#*?(. G( 2% ;"'*3,6.
D%/" ;%2" )" ;1 $1&,. >#()"6 2%, :( ( )%+'( %+#(:(-%, 7 &"'*, 7
)5*(7(;... 83 $"6% +,4 / 6'(6* $#"7, /7( 3" 7U-(6" ;( &*6"4".
!-%2% #* $.'/,#%, ;-%2% #* +%#,#%... F%#,#% #* ;( %?(! G(
&%;-, $%#$% +%#(=(, &%;-, $%#$% &.6* ;( &*6"4". @7( ()-%
7.;... G( 3-"; * "3 $"$./! 9%-,$%2" ;* *)( )" 6(2#, ;"<-"6" -"
/7*:$%, &%7#( ;* ;*-( *... D"$" )% 7#()/"?*, &.6.
± @'(;( '"3)(#-%.
± K"$/%∀
± @'(;( '"3)(#-%. K"6% / $-*2"6". W%'"6" /7( 7( :1),6 $"$ )"
7( '"3)(#,6. G" #(/* %6 $";.$", -" )(7-* %6 $";.$", -" #(/* *
)(7-* &% 1+(5)(-*,. G" 3,&"?* $.; *36%$ * 76'(;,?* 7( $.;
3"&"), -" 7*-* * :('/(-*, /7( -" /'"5)1/"?* %6+%'*. @'(;(
'"3)(#-%. C /7( &% 4%'*3%-6"#"6". !(-6( '"3)(#(-*(! C /7*:$*
7" 7#(&*. G*$%< -( /*5)", :( :%/($ ( -"&'"/(- )" '"76( -"2%'(,
&% /('6*$"#"6". D%/" ( *76*-7$%6% '"3)(#(-*(. G" 6"$*/", 6.'7(-
?* F%5*,6" ;.)'%76. C -" )'12*, #16"?* 7( *3 &.6*?"6" &%
4%'*3%-6"#"6".
!(4;() ;( &%2#()", &%2#()", &" &'*4-" )" 7( 7;((.
± !*6$%, 2%#,; 7* ="=$.-.
± L1) 3" /'.3/"-( ± 7.2#"7*4 7(.
± 8<)( 7(2" 2#1&%76*! @7*:$* 7;( ="=$.-*. K%< &%/(:(, $%<
&%-;"#$%...
H()-"# )% -"7, Z(0*$ &'.46(=( * &%)7;.':"=( %6 %6(2:(-
-*(. K%2"6% ;1 &*7-" )" -* 7#1=", '"36/%'* '"-*A"6" * -"*3/"-
)* *-76'1;(-6* %6 -(, ± 72#%+,(;* #%&"6" * $*'$", $"$/*6%
)%6%2"/" -( &'()&%#"2"4, :( 7.?(76/1/"6.
@ )'12"6" '"-*A" +(=( -,$"$./ 1'().
85
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
86
N@PNRHKODO K8LN
± 11 ±
Z(0*$ %+*$"#,=( -(1;%'-% ).'/%6%.
!(6"#%6.'7":.6, ;"$"' * &%'6"6*/(-, *32#(5)"=( 6(5.$.
C3-(-")"4 7( $%#$% *3)'.5#*/ 7( %$"3" 61':*-.6. C 7,$"=
:('&(=( %?( 7*#* %6 -(*3:('&"(; *3/%'. C3'"5(-*(6% -" #*A(-
6% ;1 +(=( $"6% -" :%/($, *3&")-"# / 6'"-7.
F(3+'%< &.6* %+*$%#* ).'/%6%, &'*$#,$/"=(, '"3&('/"=(
'.A( * &%6'%&/"=( 7 $'"$", 7,$"= *3/.'=/"=( )'(/-% 7/(?(-%-
)(<76/*(. H#1="#$*6( -*?% -( ;1 -"=(&/"4". G(?% )'12% 2%
$"'"=( )" -( 7( %6$"3/".
C 6%< 7#1="=( 6%3* /.6'(=(- 2#"7. O+*$"#,=(, %+*$"#,=(...
9'(3 6%/" /'(;( !(4;() 72#%+* $*'$"6" * #%&"6"6". B'.5-
$*6( *; +,4" %6 #($, -% 3)'"/ ;(6"# * ;%5(4" )" 7( '"3&./"6 *
&'*+*'"6 ()-" / )'12" $"6% -" &'"4%7;1$":$". G"+#U)"/"4 +.#-
2"'*-" 7 *-6('(7, -% /(:( -( 2% 3"2%/"',4. D%/", :( ;* 7&%)(#* 3"
+*6*(6% 7*, -( 2% &'"/(=( &'*,6(#.
G( ;%5(4 )" 7( &'()%/(',/"; -" :%/($, $%<6% /%)* 4%'" $"6%
Z(0*$ &'* )(A"6" 7*. 9.$ * !(4;() $'*(=( -(?% ± * %6 ;(-, *
%6 %'6"$" 7*. O:('6"/"=( 7( +%'+"6" )" ( ;(5)1 6'*;" -*. 8
$"6% -*?% /7($* ;*2 ;%5(4" )" )%/6"7"6 * :(-2(6".
H(6*4 7(, :( +,4 3"'.:"# -" +"+*:$"6" )" &%/*$" &%#*A*,6",
"$% -( 7( &'*+('" )% ;'.$/"-(. 9#1/-"4 / 761)(-" &%6.
± D',+/" )" &%+.'3";( ± $"3"4. ± @$.?* ?( 7( &'*6(7-,6.
!(4;() *3/")* ;%+*#-*, 7* 6(#(0%-.
± O+")* *; 7(, :( /7*:$% ( -"'()!
± O6$.)( ?( 3-"; -%;('"∀ @ :15)" $.?" 7.;. N)/" 7-%?* 7*
)%<)%4 %6 H%0*,↔
± G( ;* $"3", :( 7* +*# 51'-"#*76 )% /:('"!
± E"?%6% -( ( 6%:-% 6"$".
D%< 7* 3";.#:", +16-" *-76'1;(-6*6( * 76"-".
O6*)( &'* 61':*-". P"3;(-*4" 7* -,$%#$% )1;*.
9'('%)(-*,6 4"<)16*- 7 -(%4%6" 7( '"3)(#* 7 ;(6"#%6.'7":".
H#() $"6% -"&'"/* -,$"$/* -"76'%<$*, !(4;() 7.?% %+*$%#*
)/"-6'* &.6* ).'/%6%. F.'3% 7( %6$"3" * 7( /.'-" )% ;(-. C $"6%
%76"/* 1'()" -" 3(;,6", $"3", +(3 )" ;( &%2#(5)":
± R%--%6% &%#( 7( ( *3;(76*#% -")%#1. 8$% -( -"&'"/*; 3"-
7*:"-( %6 &%-)"#(:(, -*?% -,;" )" &%$"5(.
9%7#( &'(/()( ()*- /.&'%7:
± G" $"'6"6" &*=( #* %6 $%, 76'"-" )" 7( $%&"(∀
± @ 7;*7.#∀ ± -"&'"/*4 7( -" 1)"'(-.
87
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
*;" $%< )" *; $1&*. Q( -*5"6 6U6U- 3" ()*- 3"#.$. 83 &.$ A,#
)(- 7( ;.:" )" 6( 1+(), )" 7( %6$"5(=. H(2" ?( %&*6"; &"$ * ?(
( 3" &%7#()-%...
!(4;() $"6% :( %:"$/"=( )" 7* &'*3-", 3" &%76"-%/$".
D%/" %?( &%/(:( ;( ,)%7":
± G*6% +.#2"'?*-"6", -*6% 7";%:1/76/*(6% 7( $1&1/"6. D( 7"
)")(-%76. G*$%< -( ;%5( )" 6* , %6-(;(. G(%+',3"-, %+',3"-, 7
:"#;", 7 $"#&"$... P%)*# #* 7* 7( +.#2"'*-, 6"$./ 7* 1;*'"=.
D%/" 7( %&'()(#, %6 7*#*6( -" 3(;,6". O6 /%)"6", $%,6% 7* &*#
$"6% )(6(... G% )" -( 3").#+"/"; / 6", 6(;", :( &"$ ?( ;( /3(;(=
3" ="=$.-. C3+%'.6 ( )"#* ?( $.6"= &*6%;-%6%, *#* ?( 2%-*=
)*/%6%. O76"/* 6%/" &'%$#(6% 3#"6% +(, :%/($! D", &'%$#(6*, 7*
( -" 6%,. C 7";% 3"'")* )(A"6" 6* ?( 6* $"5" 3"?% ;*-"4;( &'(3
-"7. E"'.:"4 -" +"+*:$"6"... K"3"4 S, "$% -( 7( /.'-" &% 7/(6#%,
)" 7( %+")* -" :(-2(6"6". D%/" ;* +(=( &.'/"6" 2"'"-A*,, :(
6'.2/"; 7 /"7. 9%76"/* 7( -" ;%( ;,76%!
F.#2"'*-.6 7* 7;(-* A/(6" -" #*A(6%.
G"),/"4 7( )" ;( &%7#1=". P(=*4 )" ;1 )"; $%#$%6% /'(;(
+(=( -15-%, 3" )" /3(;( &'"/()-%6% '(=(-*(. Z(0*$ -( +(=(
6%#$%/" ?().'. E"6'1&/"=( 2% 7 /.&'%7*.
K%2"6% -" 61':*-" ;1 &*7-" /7( )" 2% &'(-(+'(2/"6, &%+(7-,
* &#(7-" !(4;() &'(3 #*A(6% 7 -"A(#1/"-"6" $"'6". C3&#"=*4
7( * %676.&*4 -"3"). O6-":"#% !(4;() )"5( -( 6'(&-", 76%(=(
$"6% &%+*6 $";.$. H";% %:*6( ;1 7( *3/.'6,4" &.'/% $.; ;(-, "
&%7#( * $.; :15)(-(A".
C &'()* )" %7.3-", $"$/% 7( 7#1:/", $";.$.6 -,$"$ 7( *3-
/.'6,, :1 7( ;%?(- 1)"' * 61':*-.6 &")-" /.3-"$ -" 3(;,6". 9%-
/(:( -( ;* 7( 2#()"=( * 41$-"4 $.; =*'%$"6" &.6($".
E") ;(- )/" 2#"7" 7( -")/*$/"4" -" 61'7$*. G( +,4 &'%+,2"# *
76%6*-" ;(6'", $%2"6% ;( -"76*2-" ()-% 2.'#(-%:
± !*6$%-%-%...
H&',4 * 7( %+.'-"4.
F.#2"'*-.6 ;* ;"4"=( )" 7( /.'-".
± K"$ &.$ -(!
C $%2"6% !*6$% %6$"3" )" $":* &#"-*-"6", !(4;() 3"7#*3" %6
-(,. C3:"$"4 2%. H#() $"6% 7( &'*+#*5*, 6%< 7&', -" &%:6*6(#-%
'"376%,-*( * &%&*6":
± G"*76*-" #* ;*7#(=( /7*:$% %-%/"∀
± B"! ± +,4 $"6(2%'*:(-. ± G% "$% 6"$" 6* *3-"7,, ;%5(= )"
/,'/"= -" )(+*#-*6( -* &%#*6*A*. C#* -" &%)+'"-*6( *; $1'/*,
91
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
± 12 ±
!(4;() 3/1:(=( *7$'(-. F,4 &%:6* 2%6%/ )" ;1 7( )%/(',:
± Z(0(, 3-";, :( 7" 7( %&#(#* $"6% 7/*-7$* :('/" * 7( ;*7#,6
3" -()%7(2"(;*. 9'()* )" '(=" %$%-:"6(#-%, *;"; ()*- &%7#(-
)(- /.&'%7↔ 9%-'"-% *7$"=( )" -( 7( -";(7/";. K"$/% 7(
7#1:*, 6" 7* &'%;(-* '(=(-*(6%∀
± P"3:*6"4 -" &*76%#(6". Z(0*$ 7.?% +(=( 2"'"-A*,. Q,4
)" 2% %76"/, -" $#*(-6*6(, 6( )" 7( %&'"/,6 7 -(2%. O+":( -"#*
/*), $"$/" 76"-"∀ @(:( -,;" )" ;* *;" )%/('*(.
± 8 3"?% )" 6* /,'/";, :( -,;" )" &'(A"$"= * ;(-( 6"$"∀
± K"$/%6% * )" $"5", ?( *;"= ()-% -" 1;. !%5( )" ;( ;*7-
#*= 3"... G( 3-"; * "3 $"$./! @ )(A"6" 7( 3"$#(4. E" ;(- $#(6-
/"6" / )(A"6" ( 7/(?(-". !*6$%, 6* -"<-)%+'( 2% $"3". G"2"3*# 7*
)% =*,. Z(0*$ 3-"( $.)( 5*/((=. D%< ;%5( )" $"5( -" )'12* *
)" 6( 6.'7,6. G( &'*$#U:*; #* 7(2", 7(?"< 7(!
9%&*6"4 &'()&"3#*/%:
± G"#* -( -";($/"=, :( 6',+/" )" 2% 1+*(;∀
± G( +(, -(. G(! C;" -":*-* )" 2% &'"6*; / D1'A*,. G,;" * )"
&%;*7#* )" 7( /'.?" -"7";. D* -( +('* 2'*5"!
± O4, -( 3-";...
K'"$"6" ;* +,4" %6;"#(#* %6 -"&'(5(-*(6%.
9'*$#($-"4.
± E"?% &%+.'3" )" /*$"= $#*(-6*6( +(, :%/($∀
± G( 7.; 2* /*$"# ± %&'"/)" 7( !(4;(). ± K"3"4 *;, :( 7;(
-";('*#* ;,76%6%. G"'()*4" )" -( &*&";( -*?%. Q(#* 6( )" 7*
$%&",6. Z(0*$ %+":( -( 3-"( 3" 6,4 *...
94
N@PNRHKODO K8LN
± 13 ±
@ ()*- "/2176%/7$* 7#()%+() 7&',4 7 $%#"6" &'() 217#"=$"6"
$.?". >('2"-" 7( +"/(=(. G( &%7;,4 )" -"6*7-" $#"$7%-". 9%
)/%'" 7( ;%6"(=( B%-:% D'"&('". 9% -,$%( /'(;( 6%< 7( 3"&.6*
$.; 1#*A"6". C36'.&-"4 %6 ;*7.#6", :( ?( ;( 3"2%/%'*. D%< 7"-
;% ;* -";*2-" * 6'.2-" -"-,$.)(.
O6).4-"4 7*. H6'"41/"4 7( %6 6%3* ;.5 * +(3 &'*:*-".
K%2"6% >('2"-" *3#(3(, +(=( +#()" * 7.7 7(-$* &%) %:*6(.
± !";" -( ( )%+'( ± $"3" 6,. ± !.:* , &'():1/76/*(. G( )"/"6
)" S $"5"... B" 7* ;,'$"# 6"6$%∀
H$%'% -"76*2-"4;( +"?" S &'() ()-" $.?", / $%,6% -"&%7#(-
).$ %67,)"=( -(2%/ &'*,6(#, 7.?% #%/)5*,. Q%; 7&',4, 6, 7#(-
3( * 7( ;(6-" -" /'"6" ;1:
96
N@PNRHKODO K8LN
!%5(4 )" :1, +'.;:(-(6% -" ;%?-*, ;%6%', )" /*), / 76'"-
-*:-%6% %2#()"#% 3"&"#(-*6( 0"'%/( -" %3.+(-"6" ;16'". T('-
-*,6 ),/%# 7 $%3*-" %6 #.7$"/" 76%;"-" *3-*$-" %6 +"*'", -"-
76*2-" ;( -" 2%#(;* &%)7$%A* * ;( &%2-" +,7-% 7 )*/ /%<.
9%-(:* )" ;( *3&'(/"'* %6#,/%, -% 6"; +(=( 1&#"=(-*,6 $%-
&'() $"'1A"6". F"#*6( 7(-% 7( $#"6(4" 76'"4%/*6%. O6),7-% +(=(
%2'")"6" -" ;%76" * -('"/-"6" -"76*#$" )% -(,. E/,'.6 -( ;%-
5(=( )" ;( *3&'(/"'* * %66";.
8 +(7.6 /7*:$% 3-"(, 7";% -( * 7&*'":$*. G(7&*'-*,6 /%< -"
$#"$7%-" ;( /A(&(-,/"=(. O/.'3"- / ;"#$*, 2%#0, +,4 $"6%
(#(-*6(, $%*6% *37$":"6 -" ;"2*76'"#*6(. D( 7.?% :"$"6 7 %6-
;"#(#* -%3( * *3A.$#(-* %:* ;*#%76 %6 5(#(3-*6( 4*?-*A*.
8 &((=( 7* B%-*: ⊗GN -" 76'"4"!≥
C )% )-(7 -,;"; &'()76"/" $"$/% ;%5(=( )" 7( 7#1:*, "$%
$%-,6 -( +(=( %676.&*# &'./. @%)(-% %6 7;.'6(- 76'"4, " 3"?%
-( * %6 #U+%/6" 7* $.; 4%'"6" -" $"'1A"6" ± /.3'"76(- ;.5 *
;"#$% ;%;:( ± 5*/%6-%6% 76%'* &.6 -" /'.4#*6"?*, 4*?-*$.
H#() $"6% &%$#"6* 2#"/", $%-,6 *3&'.46, * $'*/-" )" 7( &'*-
#(&* )% %2'")"6" -" ;%76". B(6(6% *3&17-" U3)*6( * *3&*?,. B%
;(- >('2"-" -(?% &'%76(-". 8 ;%,6 15"7 6"$" -"'"7-", :( /(:(
-( /#")((4 -*6% ;*7#*6(, -*6% $'"<-*A*6( 7*.
!(5)1 2%#0" * $"'1A"6" 7( %7/%+%)* )%76"6.:-% ;,76% 3"
:('-*, )5*&, -% 7#() %-%/", $%(6% -"&'"/* $%-,, )/( +"#* 7(
$"61'-"4" * &")-"4". 9'.7-"4" 7( &% "70"#6" * +(3+'%< 76'.$:(6"
&%#(6,4" /./ /.3)14", $"6% -,$%* 7( &%#(&*4" &% &'()-%6% ;*
76.$#%. C-76*-$6*/-% -"/*4 /%#"-" -"),7-%.
>%#0.6 3"&%)7$":" &% -('"/-"6" -"76*#$".
@.'6,4 /%#"-" -"7#,&%, $"6% &%#3/"4 3" -"7%$* 7";% '.5)*-
/"6" %2'")" -" ;%76". G% $%2"6% &%2#()-"4 /76'"-*, /),7-%, 3"+(-
#,3"4, :( >('2"-" -( 7* +(=( 7#%5*#" $%#"-". H./7(; %+(31;,4.
E/,'.6 7.?% +(=( %6$"3"# 7(-%6% %6 $"'1A"6" * &'%).#5"-
/"=( )" 2%-* ;(7%6%. X7(?"4 ).4" ;1 &% /'"6" 7*.
B")%4 %?( 2"3 )" 7( *3&#.3-", -% /(:( -,;"=( %2'")", $%,6%
)" 7#()/";. D, 7/.'=* 3"()-% 7 ;%76". !(5)1 -(, * -":"#%6% -"
3"&")-*6( 7$"#* *;"=( &'"3-" &%#,-" 7.7 76'.;(- -"$#%- $.;
&'%&"766". B5*&.6 *3'(/" 7#() &%'()(- &'*#*/ -" 7*#* * +%)-"
7 +'%-,6" 7* #(/*, 4.#+%$ -" 2%#0".
O$%-:"6(#-% *321+*4 $%-6'%# -") $%#"6". E")-*A"6" &%)-(7(
* &%7%$"6" -" )/*5(-*( 7( 7;(-* 7 -%/" ± -")%#1 &% &%#,-"6",
&'"/% $.; +(3)-"6". 9#(<.'.6 3"7(:( 7#() 7+#.7.$".
103
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
± 14 ±
G,$.)( %6)%#1 =1;(=( /%)". C)/"=( * =1; %6 -"7.+'"#* 7(
4%'" ± =(&%6 -,$"$./, -% %62%'(. X=*6( ;* +1:"4" %6/.6'(.
H 2'%4%6 $'./6" ;* '"3-"7,=( %76'* $";.-* *3 /(-*6(.
G,;"=( ;,76%, $%(6% )" -( ;( +%#*. >#"/"6" ;* 6(5(=( ± -(
;%5(4 )" , ;(76,. O:*6( 7* &.$ -( 7;ΗΗ4 )" %6/%',, 3"?%6% 7(
76'"41/"4, :( 7.; ;.'6./. C &% -*?% -( #*:(=( )" 7.; / %-,
:1)(- 7/,6, 3" $%<6% ;%,6" &'*,6(#$" '"3$"3/"=( 7 ;(7(A*.
O+"5)"4" 7( * 76'"=-*6( 2#"7%/(, *)/"?* %6 ).#+*-*6( -"
7.'A(6% ;*. H";% >('2"-" -( :1/"4. @*(4, )%$"6% %6#(&,4 #*A(
%6 /%#"-". O7;(#*4 7( )" %6/%', %:*.
F(=( 6.;-%.
X5"7.6, :( 7.; &")-"# 7 $%#"6" / &'"/%7#"/-*, "), &'(;*-" /
6/.')% 1+(5)(-*(. G(?% ;( 6(2#(=( -")%#1 * /7($* ;*2 %:"$/"4
%6/.) &'()-%6% 76.$#% )" *37$%:"6 $"3"-*6( 7 2'(=-*A*.
C3&#U4 -(?% ± ?,4 )" '"3+('", :( ( +*#% 3.+.
F%#$"6" /./ /'"6" ;* +( 7$%/"/"?", &%:6* 6%#$%/", $%#$%6% *
6"3* / ),7-"6" '.$". C7$"4 )" *3/*$"; >('2"-", )" *3/.'-" #*A(
$.; -(,, )" &%7(2-" 7 '.$" )" , )%$%7-", -% -( ;%5(4. H #,/"6"
7* '.$" 6',+/"=( )" 7( ).'5" 3" /%#"-".
X7(?"-(6% 3" &'%&")"-( &'%).#5"/"=(.
9'(*3&%)-,6" ;( 6(2#(=( -")%#1 7.7 76'"=-" 7*#", 7,$"=
*7$"=( )" ;( 3"7;1:( &'(3 76'"-*:-%6% 76.$#% ± %6 76'"-"6",
104
N@PNRHKODO K8LN
± 15 ±
E"&")-*6( 7$"#* *32#(5)"4" 7*/*, +(3#*:-* &%) #1-"6".
!(4;() 2#()"=( $.; 6,4 * $"6% :( 6.'7(=( )1;*6(, 7 $%*6%
)" ;( %$1'"5*. 83 7.?% 2* 2#()"4, -% 7 ;"#$% &%/(:( '"3+*'"-(.
H#() $"6"76'%0"6" ;* +,4" $"3/"#*, :( %-"3* *3)"6*-" +*#"
-"&'"/(-" %6 4%'", 3" )" &%)&%;"2" 76'%(5" -" ;%76". !%5( *
6"$" )" ( +*#%, -% -( /,'/"4. C32#(5)"=( (76(76/(-". H,$"= &%
76"' &#"- -" -(/*)*; "'4*6($6 6, +(=( 7.3)")(-" %?( &'()*
;-%2% /($%/( 3" ;%(6% '"36.'7/"-(.
G% * 3" >('2"-", 3" -(<-"6" >%#2%6".
± H.5"#,/";... ± $"3" !(4;(). ± G( ( +*#" 6/%, /*-"6". Q( 7(
'"3+('(6( 7 %-3* :%/($.
9%$#"6*4 2#"/":
± G(, 6"$" ( 6',+/"#% )" +.)(. G,;" -*?% &%-2#1&"/% %6 6.'-
7(-(6% -" /*-". 9'(3*'"; /7*:$* '(#*2** -" /*-"6". @*-"6" ( 3"
108
N@PNRHKODO K8LN
7#(&*6(, 3" )" ;%2"6 %?( )" 7( 7.),6 * ;.:"6. 83 %&*6/"; )" 1:"
&'%=$"6". C-":( 7( -"),/"; -" 7.?%6%. B" 7( '"3+('(;. C )" -(
7( '"3+('(;, /(:( ;* ( /7( 6",.
± 8<)( 7(2"...
± G,$%2" :1/76/"# #* 7* 7( 6%#$%/" 1;%'(-, :( )" 6* ( /7( 6",
$"$/% ?( 76"-(∀
± B". 8$% -( +,4" )(A"6"...
B%$"6% /.'/,4;( %+'"6-% $.; &%#,-"6" 7 *;"-(6%, 7&*'"4;(
-" -,$%#$% &.6*. !(4;() ;( &%7/(6* / &#"-" 7*, $%<6% %?( /
&.'/*, /"'*"-6 +(=( )%76" )%+.' * *3*7$/"=( +(31;-" 7;(#%76
%6 76'"-" -" &"'6-V%'" ;* &% -(/%#,. 8 6%< 7( /5*/,/"=( *
/7#1=/"=( /./ /.3'"5(-*,6" ;* 3" -,$%* &%)'%+-%76*. @7( &%-
/(:( +,4 7$#%-(- )" ;1 7( )%/(',. 9'()* :"7 &'(3 1; -( +* ;*
;*-"#%, :( ?( 7( -"2%/"',;(.
Z(0*$, $%<6% 7( +(=( 7/(76*#, *3-(-")" &'*,6-% * )/";" -*.
G"2"3*# )% &%,7 / )1&$"6", -* 2#()"=( $"6% -(7&'"/()#*/%
-"&#,7$"-% 4#"&(. 9.#-(=( ()-" %6 '"-*A*6( 7.7 7.).'5"-*(6%
-" )(#/"6". D"$" -* 7&(76,/"=( )%7")-"6" :"76 %6 &#"-".
D*4% &%&*6"4 3" &%7#()-% &%6/.'5)(-*(:
± B(<76/";( #*∀
± B(<76/";(! ± %6/.'-" !(4;() * ;* 4/.'#* $#U:%/(6( 3"
&(5%6%, $%*6% +(=( /3(# %6 &'*7&"-*, 61':*-. ± D*:"<!
± Q( 7( 7&'"/*= #* 7";∀
D%< *3)1 2.')* * ;( &%)$"-* 7 5(76 )" &%+.'3";.
W1$-"4 $.; $%#"6".
9% =*'%$"6" &.6($" 76*2-"4 )%#1 3" &(6 ;*-16*, $"6% ;%5(4
)" 17(6, $"$ $'./%-%7-"6" ;* 7*76(;" 76"/" /7( &%-;"#$% $'./%-
-%7-" * /7( &%/(:( ")'(-"#*-%/". 9'(&.-"4 7( )/" &.6*, &")-"4
/()-.5 ± -*?% -( 17(6*4.
K%2"6% 7( -";('*4 &'() &(5%6%, %6$#U:*4 +"2"5-*$" * *3-
/")*4 $"=%-*6(. @ ()*- %6 6,4 *;"=( /.5(6", /3(4 )/(, $%*6% ;*
7( /*),4" &%-).#2* / 6.;-%6%, * 41$-"4 %+'"6-% $.; &%#,-"6".
G"2%'( 7( 3").4/"4.
G% * -" &"'6-V%'" ;* -( ;1 +(=( #($%.
D%< 6',+/"=( )" 7( &'"/* &'() Z(0*$, :( +%,6 ( 3"+'"/(-, )"
'"32#%+* $*'$"6" * #%&"6"6", 3" )" -( 7( 76"-"6 %'.5*(, * )"
-"#(6* -" 61':*-". E"/"'*4 * )/";"6" -" 3(;,6".
9'%7-"6 &% 2'.+, Z(0*$ 7$*;6(=( 5"#-% * &%7,2"=( )" 1)',
+.#2"'*-", $%<6% -"6*7$"=( 2.')*6( ;1 7 $%#,-%.
± B"< 2%! ± /*$-" !(4;(), ?%; ;( /*),.
109
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
± 16 ±
8$% $"5", :( /'.3$"6" ;* 7 >('2"-" +(=( +(3 &'%+#(;*, ?(
*3#.5". F,4 )*/"-(, -(&%76%,-(- / *-6('(7*6( 7* * -( /,'/"4 -"
&%/(:(6% %6 :1)-*6( *76%'**, $%*6% ;* '"3$"3/"=(. 9'%76% ;*
+,4" *-6('(7-*. P"32#(5)"4 2* $"6% ;(:6*6( -" ;%;*:(, $%(6% -(
4"'(7/" 7/(6", / $%<6% 5*/((;, * 7* *3;*7#, )'12 ± :*76 * '"-
31;(-, *3&.#-(- 7 &'"/)*-*, 7/(6#*-" * /%)(- &% /*7=* E"$%-*.
G( +,4 $'"(- 7$(&6*$, -% / )-*6(, $%2"6% -"76'%(-*(6% ;* 7(
;(-(=( :(76%, 7* &%3/%#,/"4 * -,$%* 4"&#*/* 3"+(#(5$*. !%5(
)" 7.; , %+*5)"# &%/(:( %6 )(A"6", $%*6% %6$'%/(-% S 7( &%)*2-
'"/"4". 8 >('2"-" 7";% &%/6"',=(, :( 7.; 2#1&"$ * 76'"4#*/(A,
$"6% -" -,$%#$% &.6* 7( '"376'%*, :( -( , 7#1=";.
H$%'% 7#() '%5)(-*, S )(- +#*3% 7();*A" -( , &%6.'7*4.
C "3 -( 3-"; 3"?%. !%5( +* ?%; '"3+'"4, :( 7.; *3).'5"#
%-3* *3&*6, 7( %6&17-"4, &'*(4 , 3" )")(-%76 * :"$"4 /'(;(6%,
$%2"6% ?,4 )" , *;";: -( 7";% %$% )" /*)*, -% * '.$" )" &*&-(.
G( ;* &'"/* :(76, -% 6',+/" )" 2% &'*3-",. !%5( )" +(=( *
3")(6% -( /,'/"4, :( ( /.3;%5-% )" 7;( 3"()-%. K"3"';"6" ;(
:"$"=( ± &'%'%:(76/"6" +,4" )%7")-% -(,7-*.
112
N@PNRHKODO K8LN
± 17 ±
N#(-7$"6" '($" ( 7.3)"#" /&(:"6#,/"?" 3"+(#(5*6(#-%76, $%,-
6% 7( 7.76%* %6 ;-%5(76/% &'"2%/(, /*'%/( * 7$"$"/*A*. O6 /*-
'%/(6(, -"&%)%+,/"?* 2%#(;* * ;"#$* $"3"-*, *)/" * *;(6% -"
;(76-%766". G,$%* "/6%'*, %&*7/"<$* &(<3"5", %6*/"6 &%-)"#(:
* -"'*:"6 K"3"-*6( &'*'%)(- 0(-%;(-.
H$"#*6( -") '($"6" 7" $"0(-*$"/*, -" ;(76" * 7*/*. @ %7-%-
/"6" *; '"76( ;.4 * +'.=#,-, " %6 /.'4%/(6( *; /*7,6 $#%-*,
7,$"= ).'/(6"6" %6 2%'-"6" 3(;, 7&17$"6 )(+(#* /.5(6" 3" '"3-
$%#(+"-*6( * *3&#"=(-* 76'"--*A* / &%)3(;-%6% A"'76/%.
K%2"6% &'*76*2-"4;(, -"%$%#% -,;"=( 5*/" )1=".
116
N@PNRHKODO K8LN
8 6, ;( 2#()"=( 7 -()%/%#76/%.
± B,/%#(, $"3"4 6*, :( ;,76%6% ( 7/(?(-%.
± K"$/% -"&'"/*4 &.$ 7(2"∀
± H$%:* $"6% )*/"$. 9#"=*= /%)"6". Q( , '"3/"#*=. H(2" (
%7/(6(-" %6 -"=*6( )%;"$*-*. @ &#"-*-7$* &%6%$ )" 7( $.&(=,
/%)" %6 *3/%' )" &*(=, %6 6(+ 7( :"$" 1/"5(-*(.
9(7(-6", -" $%,6% +,4;( 6"-A1/"#* )%7$%'%, 7/.'=*.
H*-*6( %:* &"$ 7/(6-"4":
± H(2" ?( &%:-( ()-", $%,6% ;-%2% ;* 4"'(7/". Q( -"&'"/*=
#* -(?% 3" ;(-∀
± K"$/%6% $"5(=...
± C7$"; )" , &'(/()(=.
E"7#1="4 7(. O6 &#(<.'" 3"3/1:"4" A*21#$*6( -" L%-)%-7$*,
7*;0%-*:(- %'$(76.', " 7$%'% 7( %+")* * @('(-" %6 ⊗BU-≥. F"-
#")"6" ⊗G,$%<≥ +(=( $"/.'/('7*, -" &"':( -" ⊗B(&(= !%)≥.
D($76.6 +(=( &'*2%)(- 3" *3&.#-*6(# %6 5(-7$* &%#. Z1;.6 -"
'($"6" ;* &'(:(=(, -% 6.< $"6% 3-"(4 &%:6* A,#"6" &(7(- -"-
*3176, &'(/(5)"4 * &% &";(6:
± 18 ±
F,4 / 76",, $%,6% /*5)"4 3" &'./ &.6. C /.&'($* 6%/" +(=(
-,$"$ &%3-"6" ± 3-"(4, :( 7.; / H"-$6 9(6('+1'2, :( 2'").6 7(2"
7( -"'*:" L(-*-2'") * ( &%) %+7")". E-"(4 %?(, :( ;"<$" ;* ( /
7.7()-"6" 76", * &#":(. @7( 6"$" -,;"=( /(76* %6 6"6$% * &"$
?(=( )" ;( &'*7&*, +(3 )" 7;( /(:(',#*. G*$.)( -( /*5)"4 %6-
122
N@PNRHKODO K8LN
G( /*),4 -*$%2%.
± K"$/% ;* -"&'"/*46(∀ ± '"3$'(?,4 7(. ± K"3/"<!
± T1)%! ± %6/.'-" >('2"-" 7 +#(7-"# &%2#().
± B'.5$*! ± *3'(/"4 $"6% #./. ± K%< +(=( 61$∀
± D%3*, 7 $%2%6% /(:( -,;" )" 7( =(21/"= 2#1&"=$*.
± F%5( ;*#*, 6%/" -( ( *76*-"!
± C76*-"6" (... ± -"76%, 6,. ± @*), #* A*21#$"6"∀
G( %62%/%'*4 /()-"2".
D',+/"=( ;* /'(;( )" 7* 7.+('" ;*7#*6(.
± D"$" ;* 7( *7$"=( )" , /3(;"...
± D* 7* , /3(. O?( 2* %+*:"=.
9'%$"=#,4 7(.
>%':*/*-"6" / 176"6" ;( )'"3-(=(.
± G*?% -( '"3+*'";... G,$"$/* 7* %7(; 2%)*-* 5*/%6! K"$./
( 7;*7.#.6 %6 /7*:$% 6%/"∀
!#")*6( )1=* ± %6/.'-" >('2"-" ± &%-,$%2" 7#*3"#* -"
3(;,6" 3" $'"6$* 5*/%6*, 3" )" %6'"+%6,6 -(?%, $%(6% 7;,6"6 3"
-()%/.'=(-%. D"$./ +*# * ;%,6 7#1:"<.
C /7( &"$ -( +*/"#% )" 3"+'"/,;, :( :%/($ -( 5*/(( 7"; * (
7/.'3"- 7.7 7.)+*6( -" )'12* 4%'". O6 '"--"6" 7;.'6 $"6% %-%/"
'17-":( 7.; 7* *3/")*# ()-* &%1$*, )%$"6% 6%2"/"=-*6( ;* '%-
)*6(#* 7" 7* /3(#* )'12*.
± 9'%6*/%'(:*= 7*. K"$ ()-" ;#")" )1=" ?( )%/.'=/" -(?%
)%#1∀ 8$% ( ;#")", -"#* 6(&.'/" ?( &%:/" '"+%6"∀
± !#")"6" )1=" ( 76"'" )1=". !#")" (, 3"?%6% /.'/* -"2%'(
$.; C3/%'" -" Y*/%6". D%< , &%);#"),/". C76*-"6" /$#U:/"
&'%6*/%'(:*,6". D%/" ( E"$%-. Y*/%6.6 $"6% %-%/" )(6( +(=(
-15(-, 3" )" '"3+('(= -(?%, $%(6% 6( ;.:(=( %6 /($%/(.
± @ 7;*7.#∀
± T%'+")5*,6", 6* ()/" 7( )%$%7-" )% :1)%6%. 8$% &'%,/*=
7;(#%76, ?( '"3+('(= &%/(:(.
± >('*, )" -( *7$"=... ± -( /,'/"4 -" 1=*6( 7* * *3&#U4 %6
2%':*#$"6". ± C7$"= )" ;* &%$"5(= %?( &%-'"-(- 5*/%6!∀
± E"?% -(∀
E";*7#*4 7(. F(=( ;( 76'"4, -% #U+%&*676/%6% -"))(#,.
± T1)(7-%! ± %76"-" )%/%#-" >('2"-", &%2#()-" $.; $";.-*6(
-") /%)%&")" * )%+"/*: ± G( 3-"; 7();*A" *#* )/( &.#-* &%76*
)" 7" 1+*#* -,$%( ;%;:(. C 3" 4'"-"6" /-*;"/"<! O6 %-3* 5*/%6
7* )%-(7( -( 7";% A*21#$"6". Q( 7/.'3/"= 7";%6"6" 7 ;.:*6(-
#(- 2#"). Q( -"&.#-((= / 6'1)-* /'(;(-".
127
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
± 19 ±
Z(0*$ /7( 6"$" 7( &1#(=(.
G( -";('*4 $"'6"6" -*$.)( &% &%#,-"6". E"76"-"4 )% )1&$"6"
7 *;"-(6%. F(#*,6 #*76 -( +(=( * 6";. H61)(-%6% 3#"6% &'%+#,7-
/"=( 3#%/(?% &%) #.:*6( -" #1-"6". B'.&-"4 7( -"3").
± K"$/% 7* ;( 3,&-"# 7 6*, %:*∀ ± &%&*6"4 61':*-". ± Q( ;(
$1&1/"= #*∀ G"#* 7.; 2,1'∀ Q% -( ;* $"5(= &"$ 6"$"∀
8 6%< ;.#:(=(. G*6% ;( '"3+*'"=(, -*6% ;%5(=( )" 2%/%'*.
± @ '.$"/" 7* #* , &'*+'" +(∀
D%< &'(;*2-", $"$/%6% * )" 3-":(=( 6%/". G( ;* %76"/,=(
)'12 *3+%', %7/(- )" &'%/(',. O6*)%4 &'* -(2%, &'*)")%4 7*
$1'"5#*<7$* /*) * &'%/',4 )#"- ;(5)1 2.'+" ;1 * ).'/%6%.
O&*&"4 /.'3"-*6( '.A(.
133
9IDJD KI! HLIGMNDO
136
!"# $%&'(
± 21 ±
K5") 4+;)%+ ;+5&() $/#5 :-;$%"+%+ 41, !+S&- &0")-') ()(+"+
()%*+9#(&%# ,& 01:&, ():*)' $,#/+$% & $),+@8"$%"&# 5) $# .+-
4)0"), "1( +% (+"&- 5+, () *+5&%#/&%# ,&. B)5+') &, ;+ $*#28
.+5.&$ 0) 5+6&"+%(+ *+:$%"+ () :)(4)%).
!%*)(-' +% .+"#@#%+ $& "*1$%(&?& ± ./)9#') ,# $ (#2+. F )0
(# 0(), $ 4)4"+. N+6# :& ()C-"#@# $ %+"), @# +%5)/#4+ ;& @8")'
4)4 ;+"+*-%. B)6# .$8"(&%# &, :-') () )(;/&C$4&. U)0:&*)' ;&
.$8"(&%#, ) $# @8"$%")' 4)%+ @865#(#?.
!+S&- (# :#9# 31/;)*&-, (+ $# $%*)'8")', @# ?-/) 31/;)*&-
,+6# 5) $%)(# 4)%+ 5"8/&@()%) $%+/&?). D/)9#9# ,# "$&@4+ ± &
'+*)%), & 4+/&%#, 4+&%+ :#$(##') .+ .1%&2)%). >% :)/4+() ()
+:*)0?+"&- $%+/&@#( 5+, ;& ;/#5)', .+%1()/ " $),+%) & 0)*&% +%
+.)4+"4& () /#4)*$%") & '*)(&. N1@#' $# 5) .+5$/)5- 6&"+%) $&,
5) 8:&- ;+*@&/4)%) () ').@#%)%).
=1.@#' $# 4)%+ (#"&65)/ ± .1/(##' +%"1(, +$%)")' .*)0#(
+%"1%*#. N+6# :& ()&$%&() $"1*0")' $),+%)%) $1$ $&/#( ;/)5
143
DO=P= ION !JOEQK=>
+(#0&, 4+&%+ :-') " ,)0#%)%). =1,(&%# & 0)5&,#(& 58.4& ,& :-')
$%)*) $%*)$% ± " %-' :-' 8$"+&/ & 4)4 5) 4*)5) @865&%# .#$(&, 0)
5) ;& .+5)*-"), .+ *+65#(&%# 5(&. 7+"#4 415# /& (# 8@&, .*#5&
$), 5) 0).## 4)"1*"#*$&- () ⊗EK () $%*)')!≥...
I+;)%+ $# "1*()' " +(#0& ,)0#%), $& +:#2)', @# (-4+C 5#(
4*)6:&%# 2# 5)5)% 0/)%(& ./+5+"#. R $12+ & @# )"%+*&%#, )4+ $)
%)4&"), 4)4"&%+ $& ;& .*#5$%)"-', 2# ,& .*+$%-% 0) +;*):#(+%+
%"+*@#$%"+. T) B+(& "#@# 0()#' ± $ (#;+ +$%)()',# :/&04&.
A 5*8;) (#;+") .#$#(, .+$"#%#() () #5(+ ,+,&@#, %+C .##9#
4)4 "$#4& 0)/#0 ;/#5)/ $),, "$-4) $8%*&( $), .+$*#2)/ 5#(-,
"$#4& 5#( :&/ %1C ;+/-,, ) (#2)%) .*#4*)$(& $),+ " $1(-... E--
4)4 $# *)0:&*)',# $ B+(&. A#*#( .*&-%#/ ,& +$%)(), :#0 5) $,#
*)0,#(-/& & 58,).
R %),, .)4 " ,)0#%)%), $& (),#*&' & .*&-%#/&, 4+&%+ $# &0-
:&")') 0)*)5& $&(& & @#*"#(& +%:+*&, (+ $),+ () &;*). =#0& ,+,-
@#%) :-') ,)/4+%+ 0/+ $*#28 ;+/-,)%) $),+%). E+ ,)0#%)%) $#
+:&%)")% & +% ⊗')4#*4&≥. =# (),#*&') .*+/84& " ,+-%) 0)2&%()
$%#(), 0) 5) ,& +%4*)5()% ?#/+,15*&#%+.
E# ,& ')*#$) +$+:#(+ (&%+ .1*"&- .1%, (&%+ $/#5")2&%#
(-4+/4+. J&.$")') ,& @&$%+%)%) () G#*;)() & /L:+"%) () 5/)-
(&%#. W)4#*4&%# +% ,)0#%)%) ,& (+$#') "*#,#((+ 85+"/#%"+*#-
(&#, (+ (# (),&*)' " %-' %1*$#(+%+ &0?#/#(&#.
D*&:&*)' $# $),+%#( " ).)*%),#(%) () :)(4)%), .*& ;+*@&"&
').@#%) & $/)5+$%&. !/#5 %+") $-5)' 5) @#%), .*#5& 5) 5+C5#
+%#;@#(&#%+. E)4*)- $# +%%#;/-' " #5() +% $%)&%# 5) $# ();1/%),
$1$ $1(+%"+*(&. F$4)' 5) $.-. F$4)' 5) $1, () "%+*)%) /8().
F$4)' %+") 5) .*+51/6& "10,+6(+ ()C-51/;+!
F 5) $1, '+5&/ %),, (-415# ;+*#, :8/+%+ 5#C$%")9#. D+,(#'
$),+ :#0.),#%(+%+ +%@)-(&#. E# $# (),&*)9# &0?#/#(&# 0) :+/-
()%) ,& 589). !*#28 $),+%)%) (# .+,);)') 5)6# $+:$%"#(&%# ,&
*+5&%#/&. =+") 4)%+ @# ()C-%#6#9#. A412& $# 4)*)',# 4)%+ ?&-
;)(&%#, ) 4+;)%+ '+5#' .+ 58.4&%#, ,# 0),#*-') $ %#64& 58,& +%
:)/4+() 4)%+ L6(&%# &%)/&)(?&.
=+") .*+51/6& ?#/& %*& ;+5&(&, .*#4)*)(& (-4)4 ()$1(, :#0
5) 0(), 4+# %+@(+ :#9# $1(-% & 4+# *#)/(+$%%). 3-') ;+5&(& ()
.+%&$4)() $),+%), 5#$#*%& & "$# .+"#@# /#4$+%)(, 4+C%+ .&#' ()
() ,-$%+%+ +% +%.)5)2&%# ').@#%). 3-') ;+5&(& () *)05+*& $
()C-:/&04&%# '+*), 4+&%+ ,& :-') +$%)()/& ± +$+:#(+ $ ,)C4) ,&,
4+-%+ "#@# :#9# (#*"() *)0")/&(). !%*)'8")9# $#, @# $# 5*8$),
.+ ,)0#%)%). E# ,+6#9# 5) .+()$- (&%+ ;#C,1*&%#, (&%+ ')4#*-
145
DO=P= ION !JOEQK=>
± 22 ±
3#9# 0&,)%) () 2003 ;+5&(). E#.*#$%)((+ $/&0)2&-% >;1( +%
(#:#%+, ()*&@)( $/#.#94)%) ;/+:)/(+ 0)%+./-(#, .*)"#9# 0&,&-
%# $&"& & "/)6(& 5#(#,, (+ "#@#* $& :-') & 5+$%) $%85#(&.
=*1;()',# $1$ $/86#:()%) 4+/) () :)2) ,& .+ +:#5.
D*&$%&;()',# .*#5 :&"9)%) 4)0)*,) .+ ,*14")(#.
± B+"+/#( /& $&∀ ± .+.&%)'.
± E# $1,, B&,&%*#, (+ $), $# 5+4)*) 5+%84.
± R')! R0, 5#%+ (# $1, 9+S&*)/ +% %*& ;+5&(&...
± !/89)C 4)4"+ 2# ;+"+*& 6#()%)! E# .*)"& .*+:/#,&! N+/-
%#, B&,&%*#, .+(# "#5(16 :15& *)08,#(!
± =)4) 2# :15#, :)2) ,& ± $1;/)$&' $# $ .*#.+*14&%#. ± I)%+
;/#5), %)- %):#/), "#@# 0(), 4)4") 2# - :15#.
± !/&0)C +% 4+/)%)! B) (# $# *)0.*)"-,# 4)%+ ?&;)(&%#...
± R, (#! =& (# $/&0)C, &()@# )0 (-,) 5) $/-0)... E# 2) 5) ,#
"+5&9 0) *14) 4)%+ :#:#. !),+ %+") +$%)")!
147
DO=P= ION !JOEQK=>
± 23 ±
N+,@#%)%), 4+&%+ "&5-' 4)%+ $#(4& & 41, 4+&%+, .*&0()"),,
&,)' .*#5*)0$151?&, ;& (-,)9# " $.)/(+%+ .+,#2#(&#. D+ /#;-
/)%) :-') $;1()%& 5*#'& & :#/Y+. 3&"9&%# ()*4+,)(&, 5+9/& "
4+,8()%) 5) $# 8@)% 4)4 5) $# .)0-% 0)().*#5 +% 5*+;)%), $-4)9
$# :-') &0.+4*&/&. 3-') &0.1/(&/& & %*&%# .*)"&/) () 05*)"+%+
%-/+ 0) .+-,)/4+ +% ,&(8%).
78")' ;/)$+"#%# &, (-415# 5*8;)5#.
!1:/-4+' $# .+ ;)2&, 4)4%+ $# 41.)' & () I)0)(&%#, & %*1;()'
.+ #5&( 4+*&5+* 41, 98,) +% .)5)2)%) "+5). E&2+ ().*#5 (#
+%*)0-")9# $"#%/&()%). 3)(-%) :#9# $8,*)@(+ @&$%&/&2#.
151
DO=P= ION !JOEQK=>
%# (-,)! R4+ +$%)(#9, $ .+%, $1$ $1/0&, $ 4*1", $ /)C() & .&4(-,
.+,&-%) 2# - &04)*),# ()"1(. N),&?)%) %& 2# *)0;+(-, @# %# #
.*#"1*()/) " *)0./8%) & /)4+,) .8%4). P$(+ /& #∀ R0 6&"+%) $&
$1, 5)/ 0) %)- 51*6)"). I/#%") $1, 5)")/ ()"*#,#%+. M# $/86),
5+4)%+ $1, 6&". ! 4*)4) 2# "& %1.@), (+ 5*+;)%) 2# &0/#0#...
H%+@(&':
± R0 (&4+;) (# $1, $# 5*8$)/.
± E# ,& $# +:-$(-")C! ± :#9# ():*)/ +:+*+%& B&4'#5. ± E# ,#
"1/(8") & 4)4"+ %& # () ;/)")%). M# %# .+:1*4),! R4+ %*-:"), $
S8(&- 2# %& ()/&"), ,+014. D*#"*12)/ $1, ()C-;(8$(& .#5)/&
" -4& ,16#... N16# $ 48*+"# +% $%+,)() 0) N)C4) 31/;)*&-! R4+
(# %& &0()$-, 5&, 5) %# (-,)! P$(+ /& #∀
± =1C "-*(+! ± +%"1*()' 4)%+ "+C(&4.
± 3-;)C! !"+:+5#( $&.
D+:1*0)' 5) $# +%5)/#@).
N)/4+ +$%)")9# () B&4'#5 5) ,8 %*1;(# .-() +% 8$%)%). B+-
4)%+ "1*"-' .+ 4+*&5+*) 41, $.)/(+%+ .+,#2#(&#, /+9+%+ ,&
.*#5@8"$%"&# $# 0)$&/&. >:0# ,# & $,1%(+ .+0()% ;(-", 4)41"%+
(# .+,(#' 5) ,# # ,1@&/ .*#0 ?#/&- ,& 6&"+%.
G/)")%) .)4 ,# 0):+/-. R 8$%)%) $),) .*+?#5&:
± N*1$(+ @#*(+ .*)$#!
± 24 ±
T),*10")' +%"1( ± +%"1%*# 0)"&*)' +% :-$.
N&()' $ ()"#5#() ;/)") ,#658 /#;/)%) " $.)/(+%+, () 4+&%+
,+,@#%)%) "#@# :-') ()/-;)/& $ 5*#'&%#. E&2+ (# ,& 4)0)'), (#
$,##') 5) ;14()%, $),+ +@&%# &, ,# $/#5-') $ 8.*#4. T)$%)()' 5+
/#;/+%+, () 4+#%+ :-' ()'"1*/-/ 5*#'&%# $&. W"1*/&' ,+4*&%#
$& ;)2& () .*)9(&- .+5, $#5()' & &0")5&' +% $)4) (+"+ :#/Y+.
D+%*#.#*")'. A .+,#2#(&#%+ :#9# $%85#(+.
>% 8$%&%# () :*)%-%) &0/&0)9# .)*), (-4+& $# :-') 0)"&/& $1$
$%)*&%# "+C(&94& +5#-/) @)4 5+ (+$+"#%#. R )0 %)4) 0)"&*)', @#
&0.8$4)' .)*) +% ?-/+%+ $& %-/+. !%#S@+ ():/L5)")9# $ &(%#*#$
4)4 5&,-.
=)41" :-$ ,# %*#$#9#, 4)41"%+ (# .+,(#' +% "*#,#%+, 4+;)%+
/#6)' " 5+:*# 0)%+./#()%) :+/(&?) & ./)@#'. !#;) (# 0)./)4)'.
X*)(?80&(1% " ,#( ,& .+,);)9#. E+$#9# ,& .1*"&-% .+--$#( .+-
*&", @# %*-:") 5) .&9). E-4)4 ;+ 8$#2)' 4)%+ $&/(+ 6#/)(&# 5)
155
DO=P= ION !JOEQK=>
F .*+51/6&' :
F .*+51/6&' 5) "&4),:
± E# # $*),() ;+/+%)%), ) $%*)'1%... =& ,+6# 5) $& 3+6& !&(,
) %+C # ,)C,8()-)-R-R!
U)0./)4)' $# +% (+" .*&/&" () :+/4) " *14)%) & +% .1/()%)
:#0.+,+2(+$%. =+;)") B&4'#5 ,# .8$(), ./#$() ,# .+ %&/) & $#
5*1.() 4*)@4) ()0)5. T-.)9# ,# $ ()$,#94).
>:1*()' $# .+ ;*1: & .+%1*4)' &041/@#()%) $& *14), ) $ (#- ±
$'")()%&- $& "*)%. B+$%*)9) ,# +% ()4*&"#(+%+ /&?# () @+"#4+-
0"-*), 5+-5- ,# & () ,1/@)(&#%+ () ,+,@#%)%). =#0& +% $*#5()
4)%#;+*&- $),+ ;/#5)'). !%#S@+ ,# 0-.)9# :#08,(+. G+*8() /#-
6#9# & $10#*?)")9# %)")(). E# :#9# $ ()$, (+ (# :#9# & () "%+-
*)%) /8().
± =& 2# $& 3+6& !&(... ± &*+(&0&*)9# ,# B&4'#5. ± R,) %&
"#*(+ (# $& ()*#5 $ ;/)")%)! I)41" 3+;, 4)41" !&(, :#, .8%Y+∀
!/#5 4)%+ +%&5# .*& .*&,*#/&- !%#S@+, %)4) ;+ 0)9/#"&, @#
'/).#%+ $# .*+$() () .+5) 5+ ,#(. A10.&%)%#/-% +:-$(&:
± I)%+ 4)6) ⊗"#5();)≥, 0()@& AKBERGR! P$(+ /& #∀
± B) ± +%"1*() "#5();) !%#S@+ .*#0 $1/0&.
D)0")(%&(1% $# 5*1.() +2# 4*)@4) ()0)5.
G/#5)9# ,#( & ,)/4&- +%;+*#, (+ ;+"+*#9# 0) "$&@4&:
± N),&(& $/)54&! B"),4)%) .+"#@# () .*+.)5()/& )(;#/@#%)
.*&/&@)%#. R0 $1, $# 4/#/... M# "& +.*)"-. !/)54&9, +:#2)' %&
(#2+ & ;+ 0).+,(&! M# "& %1.@), 5+4)%+ "$&@4+ &0/#0# ()"1(...
T) 5) +();/#5& 58,&%# $&, %+C 0)%*+.) $ 4*)4) .+ .+5).
E):/L5)")' 4)4 "5&;) .*)' $ .#%&%# $&, 4)4 4*&"& /&?#%+ $&
.+ $,1%(+ .+0()% ()@&( & (# ,+6#' 5) $4*&- +,*)0)%) $&. =- $#
()5&;)9# +% ;1*5&%# ,& ± +% ,/)5)%) ,& 589).
R 4+/4+%+ .+"#@# 589)%) ,& $# 4)@")9# 41, ;1*/+%+, 4)%+ ()
&0/&0)(#, %+/4+") .+-();+*# $# "5&;)9# & .*#,*#6#(&-% ,& +%
$1/0& .+;/#5. E)C-().*#5 "&5-' 4*)4)%) () $%*)'/&"#? $ "/)$% ±
$ :&@ () 4+6#(&- 4+/)(. G/#5)' 6)/4& 4*)@#%) () .&/#, 0)2+%+ $
58,)%) 0) .&/# () #5&( 5*8; #0&4 ()*&@)% & $%*)'/&"?&%#.
>@&%# ,& $# ./10;)') ();+*#, 4+;)%+ /1@&%# () .*+$"#%/#(&#
.)5()') +% 5*8;& 1;/&. 7+"#4 (&4+;) (# 0()# 4)4"+ ,+6# 5) ,8
*)04*&# .+-$&/()%) $"#%/&(), 4+-%+ $# %)& " 589)%). U)04*& ,&,
@# %#0& .&/#94& 4*)4) (#$1,(#(+ (+$#') 589)%) () 5*8; .*#*+-
5#( +4$&%)(#?. U)0.+0()' (-4+;)9(&- $& *+5(&() .+ &0/1@")-
(#%+ () +@&%#, .+ (#0):*)"&,&%# ;)5(& ;*&,)$&. F .+ 0)4)(&%#
5) %1.@# .*)'; .+ .*#0*#(&#%+ 41, (#2)%), $"1*0)(& $ 3+;).
D14 & G#*;)() :#9# .*#5$4)0)/), @# 2# ;+ $*#2() +%(+"+.
160
KBE> JFUF7E> >=IJ>EKEFK
± 25 ±
B&4'#5 +$%)() 5+"+/#(, @# 5+4)0) )"%+*&%#%) $&. D+'")/& $#
$1$ $%)6 & $ 4/#%"), @# 2# ;+ .*)"& 5+ ;*+:. A-*")' ,8 ± & .*#5&9-
(&-% ,8 ;*+: (# :#9# ;+ $.*-/. D*&"&5(+ $# .*&0()' 0) .+:#5#(.
E# $),+ 0)*)5& W*&$%+"&%# 58,&. F 0)*)5& #5() .+/8,15*) :1/-
;)*$4) .+;+"+*4): .*#4/+(#()%) ;/)"&?) $):- (# - $#@#.
B+4)%+ $# ;)"*#9# $ ,#( & !%#S@+ 0) (#2)%), 4+&%+ ,+6#, 5)
"1*9&, (+2#$, B&4'#5 +%&")9# 41, &0'+5). =), &0;)$& +$"#%-
/#(&#%+. !/#5 %+") 0)%*19() "*)%)%) () $.)/(+%+ .+,#2#(&# &
161
DO=P= ION !JOEQK=>
"0&,)% & " 4)0)*,&%# ± 5#C$%")2& &/& 0) ⊗E+" 6&"+%≥. =#0&, 4+-
&%+ $# .*)"-% () (#(+*,)/(&, $) (#.*#5"&5&,&.
T()-% /& "&$9&%# "+#((& 5)/& /85&%# ,+,@#%) (-,) 8%*#.-%
:#0?#(#( +S&?#*$4& 4)51* $1$ 0)@&$/#(+%+ &, +*16&#∀ E&2+
(# 0()-% ± $/#.& $). F ;#(#*)/& 2# :-;)% +% /85&%# 5#?) 4)%+
5-"+/& +% 0).)/#(& 0*1(?) %),-(. !,#-% /& 5) +:/#4)% 5-"+/@#-
%) $ "+C(&94& 5*#'& & 5) &, "*1@)% ;*)()%&∀ I)4 .14 (#! R4+
5#?)%) +%*)(+ $# 8@#') 5) /16)%, :#0 5) /16)%, (-,)9# 5) ;&
"0#,)% 0) "+C(&?& "1" "+C(&%# () .+:#$(#/&%#.
F$%&($4& /85&%# .+ ;+*(&%# #%)6& () "/)$%%) .14 "&();& $)
:&/& $1"1*9#(+ .*#5"&5&,&. >@)4")% 5) &, $# ,+/-% 4+,&%#%&
() "+C(&94&%# ,)C4&, $%)*?& $1$ 0)41$(#/& .#($&&, &0+:2+
"$&@4&, 4+&%+ +2# $1$ $),&%# ,+/&%"& 41, ;*#9(&%# :+;+"# $#
.*&0()")') 0) .+:#5#(& & %*1.(#') 5) :15)% ()8@#(& () "/)$%. R
"/)$%%) (-,) $,&$1/, )4+ (# $# 8.*)6(-")...
=+") :#9# $.)$#(&#%+. D*#+%4*&' ;+ ± 5) $& /85!
B) $& /85, (+ $ "$&@4&- $&. N&$/&%# $) "#/&4+ +*16&#.
D*#4/+(#()%) ;/)"), 4+-%+ (# ,&$/&, .1*"+ - $48:-%, ) .+$/#
- 4+/-% & ;)0-% $ 4*)4) .+ .*)9(&%# .1%&2). =+") # &$%&($4)%)
,15*+$%. N151* ()*+5 :#9# :1/;)*$4&-% ± ,&$/#' ± (+ .+5&"-.
A$&@4& $%)*& ,15*#?& $*#5 $8S&%#, :+;+,&/&%#, 4)%)*&%# &
5*8;& 4/+(+"# () %)C(&%# :#/& 94+/&, :-') "#2& " ()5/1;")-
(#%+. J16#/& $) $#, :#0 5) $# /16)%. =) (&,) %+") (# /&@#9# & +%
.*&4)04&%# 0) 5#?)%)∀
W&%1* D#%1* & E)$%*)5&( W+56) $) $# ()5/1;")/&. D*)"#/&
$) $& .+5/& (+,#*), (+ .*#5& "$&@4+ $) $# .+@&%)/&. D+-().*#5
$) 0()#/&, @# 3+; # $1:*)/ 5"),) :*)%-, 0) 5) $# 8@)% "0)&,(+.
F $& ,&$/#' +2# " %1,(+%+...
I+C%+ &0:#*# 5) # /85, +$%)") *+:, (+ .ζ # $"+:+5#( +% ?)*.
J85+$%%) " ()5/1;")(&-%) # 4)%+ $.)$&%#/#( .+-$ " ,+*#%+ +%
(#.*)"5&. R $.)$&%#/(+%+ "16#, $.8$()%+ .+ "#*%&4)/)%), :#9#
%"1*5)%) "-*), @# "$&@4+, 4+#%+ $# $/8@"), &,) $,&$1/. E&2+ @#
%+0& $,&$1/ @#$%+ (# $# *)0:&*) "#5();). E86(+ # (#.+4/)%&,+
8.+")(&# " 3+;).
J#6)' .+ ;*1: " /#;/+%+, 5&9)' %#64+ & ()$%1*"#(+ ,)@4)'
.*1$%&. N&$/#' $& +2# 4)4 ?-/+%+ @&$%&/&2# +%4*)C "*#,# $#
8.*)"/-") .+ 4*&"& 0)4+(& & (+*,&. I)%+ .+ $?#()*&C () ;(8$#(
S&/,, +:*#@#( () 4)$+" .*+")/ " $"1*9#4) () D+$/#5(&%# 5(&...
R4%Y+*&%# "$# ()&08$%-")% *#./&4&, 4/&9#%), (#.*+"#*#(&%#
/16#&$%&(&, $105)")(& +% )"%+*&%#%&, & &;*)-% 4)4%+ &, ()*#5-%
163
DO=P= ION !JOEQK=>
± 26 ±
D*+$%&' $& 0) ;/8.)")%) ;*#94).
>$%*+8,&-%) 2-') 5) .*#:+*-% B&4'#5, (+ .+ 5*8; ()@&(...
T) $#%#( .1% $# .*+$%&' & $ ').@#%)%) 0) $1(. I)4%+ /#6)' .+
;*1:, +:1*()' ;/)") 41, !%#S@+, 0) 5) "&5- 5)/& & '/).#%+ ,& #
.*+$%&/+. T)*)5& (#*)08,()%) ,& .+$%1.4) & %+ ;+ +%(#$#.
R ,)/4&-% ():/L5)")9# /L:+"%) () 5/)(&%# .+5 0)"&"4)%) &
4)%+ @# $# @85#9# 5)/& (# &;*)- .+ ,+,@#94& $1$ $#:# $&. G+*-
4+%+ 5#%# (# .+5+0&*)9#, @# &,)' &5#- 4)4 5) .+&;*)- $ "$&@4&
%-' .+ .*)"&/)%) () ()5/1;")(#%+...
3#$1% 41, .*#*+5#(&- ,& :*)%+"@#5 (# $# &0.)*-")9# & )4+
&,)' .+54*#.)%) () :*)%-%), .*+4/#%(&41% ,+6#9# 5) .+/8@&
8*+4, 4+C%+ 5) ,8 51*6& "/);) 5+6&"+%. =)4)") &;*) 0),&$/-',
@# 2#9# 5) &0:&# "$&@4&%# ,8 ,#*)?& 0) ()$&/&#. N+6#9# 5) $#
.+/8@& & :#0 5) ;+ .*#:&"),#. E# @# (# ,& $# 2#9# 5) .+$%8.)-
,# B&4'#5, (+ >4$&%)(#?) " ,#( $4+*+ $& %*1;(), 4)%+ .*&%")-
*-9# 0)5 $#:# $& %-$()%) "*)%).
3+/4)%) & .)*#(#%+ " ;/)")%) ,& (),)/-.
!%#S@+ ,# &0(#()5) $ %&' "1.*+$:
± D&9#9 /&∀
165
DO=P= ION !JOEQK=>
± I)4"+∀!
± I)0), @# 2# .&9#9 (#2+. D&9#9 /& (#2+ 5+/8∀
± >2# (#. N&$/- 4)4"+ 5) .&9). R0 $1, N&%4+.
=+C $& 4)0) &$%&($4+%+ &,#.
D+.&%)' ;+:
± I)4"+ &$4)9 5) .&9)∀
± N& (# 0(),... I)4"+ &$4)9 5) .&9#9∀
± T) ")$. K5") /& $1, %84 $/8@)C(+.
± V8*()/&$% /& $&∀
T),&$/&' $#:
± E# 0(),, !%#S@+. =+ # "1.*+$ () ;/#5() %+@4). F,) & 5*8;&
58,& 0) %)0& .*+S#$&-, :1/;)*$4&. G/)9)%)C, "#$%+(+$#?... E+ %#
.*+$%+ +;/)$-")% *#9#(&-%) () ?)*#%#. R0 5+:*# 2# $& .+,&$/-
4)4"+ 2# .&9). E# $1, *#9&/.
± M# .&9#9 /&, @# (& :&#∀
± F$4)9 /&∀
± E#. D&9&, @# $),+ %#:# :&!
± R %#:# 4+C %# :&#∀
!%#S@+ $# (),#$%& .+5 +5#-/+%+.
I)%+ .+,1/@), 4)0):
± E&4+C.
± J16#9 ,#, "&5-' & $%)*&%# $&(&(&...
± T)*)5∂ 5*+;)%) Η...
± B) :#, 4)4 .14 (#! ± &05&9)' .)*) & +:1*()' %#/#$)%) $& 41,
$1$#5(+%+ /#;/+. ± F .+5 +@&%# /& $# :+5#9∀ I+C %# :&#∀ >(-,
()51*"#(&-%, ()/&∀ F/& G+*8() %),...
± A$&@4& ± 4)0) $1"$#, %&'+ ,)/4&-% & $# .*&,14() 41, *1:)
() /#;/+%+ $&. ± E-,) 5) ;+ .&9#9!
± E# +:#2)"),... E) .*)0(& +:#2)(&- (# "-*")C! E)&$%&()
&,), .*+:/#, " ;/)")%)... N+6# 5) 0):*)"-, ,+6# & 5) ;+ ().&-
9). E# $1, *#9&/.
± I)*) "$&@4& 5) ,# :&-% ± .*#$%*)9& $# !%#S@+. ± A&4), @#
,*)0& .*#5)%#/&%#. N*)0& & '+*)%), 5#%+ &, .+,);)%... A&4), @#
$1, .*#5)%#/, 2+%+ $# :+?4)' & .+... $#2)9 $#. K5&( ,# 51*6& &
4)*) 5*8;&%# 5) ,# 85*-%. =# ,# 85*-%, (+ (# $&/(+. I+/4+%+ 5)
"&5&, @# ,*)0-% .*#5)%...
± T)5*16! >()- 4+4+(), .$&'+/+64)%), 0()# /&∀
± E#, %- # 5+:*)... R4+ "&5&, @# (-4+C :&# $/):+, :&#, & (#;+.
± 7&@4)%) ,& # -$#(... =- (-,) 4)4 5) (# 0()# ± "1*()' %#,)%)
41, G1/1:&?)%). ± E# "&65) /& $&(&(&%# %&∀
166
KBE> JFUF7E> >=IJ>EKEFK
± 27 ±
A$-4) "#@#*, )4+ (# "$-4), .*#0 #5() &/& 5"#, B&4'#5 &0()$-/
#5(+@)$+"& :#$#5& .+ *+5+/L:&# ± 0) $*#5(+2#( *)0,&$1/. U)0-
(& (#2) ± :& 4)0)/ !%#S@+ ± *)0(& (#2) .+ :+/(& %#,&.
D#5);+;1% &0.&%")/ ,+,@#%)%) () $/#5")2)%) "#@#*. A-*")',
@# ;+ # .*)"&/, :-' &, "&5-/ $&(&(&%#. R 4)4%+ :-' 0):#/-0)/ &
170
KBE> JFUF7E> >=IJ>EKEFK
();/+$% 5) :15# .*#5)%#/$4+: ,16, 6#() & 5"# 5#?) ± ,+,@# &
,+,&@# ± +.&-(#(& +% "$# .+-$&/(&- ,&*&$ () 3-/+ ,+*#.
!#,#C$%"+%+ %&@)/+, "+5#(+ +% "1%*#9#( 8$#% 0) $"+:+5).
± T) .*#5)%#/&%# 0)4+(&%# $) -$(&! ± +:-$(&/ "10.&%)%#/-% &
.*#5 .+$"#2)")(&%# ,+,@#%) +% 4+,8()%), 5+4)%+ $& .*&.+,(-/
4)4 # ;/#5)/ :#;1/?&%# +% (-4)41" :)&*.
U)0*#9#(&# .+ :)"(&%# %#/#S+(& 0) %-' (# %*-:")/+.
B&4'#5 &0")5&/ .&$%+/#% & .1*") /).()/) +/+"+%+ ;/)")%) ()
.*#$%1.(+%+ $#,#C$%"+. M+, +(0& ,8'/Y+ :&/ .+58@#( 5) /).)
4)%+ 6#(4&%# 4)4"+%+ .+5(#$)% "*);+"#%#, %)4) ,8 $# .)5)/+.
V#()%) () ,8'/Y+%+, 4+-%+ $# :&/) "51*"&/) +% 86)$, $12+
.)5()/) ± %*8. "*10 %*8.). =)4) < $# .)5)/+ & () (#-, 2+, ()
,16 $# .*)"#/) & %&@)/) .1*") .*#5 .*#5)%#/&%#.
R 5#?)%), 4+&%+ ().1/(+ +$&*+%#/&, .*#5& 5) .*#,&;()%, "#@#
(# 0()#/& ()415# 5) :-;)%. N+,&@#(?#%+ $# $4*&/+ " :/&04&%#
'*)$%&, ) ,+,@#%+, 4+#%+ :&/+ .+-;+/-,+, ().*)0(+ +.&%")/+ 5)
&04)*) $#$%*&@#%+ $& +% (#$&;8*(+%+ 84*&%&#. F 4+;)%+ ,+,@#%+
*)0:*)/+, @# $.)$#(&#%+ ,+6# 5) # $),+ 0) #5&(, '84()/+ .*#0
;/)") .*#5 .)/)@) & .+%#*-%) +% ;+/+;/)"& :)%4+"?&. =&@)/+ /&,
%&@)/+, (+ .+-:1*0+ +% 48*98,) (# %&@)/+.
78/ $# ;*1, & %+ .)5()/+.
V&"+ +$%)()/+, 0)2+%+ #5&( 8,(&4 $*#5 "1*"+/&?)%) ,),&(&
$&(@#%) ./#$()/ $ .894)%) $& *14)%) () B&4'#5, 5+4)%+ $# .*&-
?#/")/ " 5#%#%+. F()4 +S&?#*1% :&/ %+@#(, $1"1*9#( ± $ *14) +%
$%+,)(), 4+-%+ (# %*#.").
E)$%)()/) $%*)9() "*-") ()5 .+")/#(+%+ ,+,@#.
D*#5 ;)$(#2&%# +@& $# 4)*)/& 5"),): :)%4+%+, 4+C%+ ()$+@&/
/).&%# () 0"-*) ()5+/8; & +(0&, 4+C%+, 8:#5#( :-', ?-/ @#*"#(##/
+% :-$ (#0)$&%#(.
B&4'#5 +:#2)/ () *#5(&4):
± M# %& #:) .8%4)%) ,)C@&()!
± E# ,+6# %)4). E# ,+6#! ± +:-$(-")/ $# "+C(&41%. ± !12+%+
#... 4)%+ $ E&4+/) A).?)*+".. R4+ 48*98,1% (# 8%*#.# 5*8;)*-
+% .1*"&- .1%, 0()@& ;+ # .+,&/")/.
± E) 8,(&4 /& ,& $# .*)"&9 :#∀!
B&4'#5 *)0-$(&/ .*#5 ,+,@#%)%) " 4+,8()%), @# %)4&") 4)%+
*)(#(+%+ $&*)@# $%)")/& ;(8$(& @#*"#&. U)$%#/& " @865& 51*6)-
"&, ) %), ;& .*#"*12)/& " ()C-+%"*)%&%#/(&%# $*#5 .*#5)%#/&%#.
! &04*&"#(&%# $& & @#*"&"& ,+01?& .&9#/& .)$4"&/& $*#28
N)C4) 31/;)*&-, .#%(#/& &,#%+ () $"#%&(-%) & @#$%%) () .);+().
173
DO=P= ION !JOEQK=>
± 28 ±
>:0# ,# (#&$%+") +,*)0) 41, B&4'#5, (#",#(-#,&- &0"#*;,
4+C%+ $& :#9# +$%)()/ %)41" & " %+0& 6&"+%. 3-' $# /1;)/ +2#,
@# '+*)%) .*)"-% .+(# ,)/4) 4*)@4) ().*#5, 2+, $# .*#*+5-%.
>%4)@#(&-% B&4'#5 0()#9# $),+ 5) %1.@# () #5(+ ,-$%+ ± 5)
%1.@# '+*) & .*)'. 3#9# "#*#( $/8;) () ,*)4) ± (#;+" ;+$.+5)* &
(#;+" *+:. P"(+ (-4+& ;*#'+"# :-') %+/4+") ;+/#,&, @# %*-:")9#
5) ;& &048.")% & 5#?)%) () .*#$%1.(&?&%#, & ?#/&%# ()*+5&, +%
4+&%+ .*+&0/&0)%. V&" 5-"+/ :#9# B&4'#5. B*8;+ +.*#5#/#(&#
0) (#;+ (-,)9#, 4+/4+%+ & 5) &, $# 2# 5*8;+ () :+;+$/+"&%#.
R ,(+;+ +% %-' $12+ $) $ .);+(&, (+ $4*&%& .+5 *)$+%+...
± F$4), 5) 8,*#! ± .*+?#5&' .*#0 01:&, 5+4)%+ ,+,@#%)%) ,#
*)0%1*$")') /#4+, &0./)9#(&, @# $1"$#, $1, +%4)@&/: ± N+6# 5)
# ;*#'+%), (+ &$4), 5) 8,*#. N+6# 5) (# # :)"(+ & ,1@&%#/(+, (+
()51*"#(&-% %*-:") 5) $# ,)')! D*#(+$(+, :84")/(+, "$# %)-...
I+;)%+ $# *)05"&6&' & .*#,&;")' .+-()@#$%+, :*)%-%) $# .+-
8$.+4+&') & $# *)0+%&5+') .+ /#;/)%). E# &0;)$&') /),.&%#, 0)
5) ,# ():/L5)")%. T)*)5& ,#(, ;*)5$4&- 5#:#/)4, (# ,+6#') & 5)
0)$.-%. D*&%#$(-")') $# 5) (# &05&"#- .)4.
B+4)%+ ,# 8"#*-")'), @# B&4'#5 :&/ $ "*104& & (#5+$#;)#,,
+:,&$/-' 4)4 & $ 4+;+ 5) $& %*1;(). E# $/89)' $./)9")(&-%).
± =)4) @#... %*)C! ± +:+:2& G+*8() +:2&%# $%*)'+"#.
B+6)/- ,& 0) (#;+. T) *)0/&4) +% *#5(&4 N&/4+", 4*)C (#;+
(-,)9# 5+:*) 6#() 5) ,8 /#48") *)(&%#. !%)()' & +:-"&':
± =*1;"), $&. E-4+C 2# -'") /& 4+(- $ ,#(∀
R %# ,# ;/#5)') 4)%+ /85.
± F,) /& 4)4 5) &0/-0)∀ B) (# *)04+")"), .*+0+*?&%#...
± =*)C :#! ± .+,+/& $# #5(+ +% :#0&,#((&%# ,+,@#%). ± =+C
2# $# "1*(#. E# $& /-;),# $ 4+4+94&%#.
178
KBE> JFUF7E> >=IJ>EKEFK
± 29 ±
D*&5)5+' $& .+-$.+4+#( "&5. >%&5+' .*& 05*)"&- 58' & 05*)-
"+%+ %-/+. D*&%#$(#(+ 4)0)' () .$&'+/+64)%):
± A&6, &0"&(-"), $# 0) &0:8'")(#%+. E# $1, $"&4()/ 5) ,#
?#(08*&*)% $ .+:+&2). B+:*+(),#*#( $1,, 0)%+") 2# %& 4)6), @#
.*#58$#2), :#/-. R4+ (& ;/#5)% +% %1,(+%+, ,+6# 5) *#9)%, @#
$%)") (#2+ ().#@#(+. G/#5)/) /& $& .+/&?#C$4+ *&)/&%& 9+8∀
A&65)/) /& $& 4)4"+ .*)"-% ),#*&4)($4&%# @#(;#%) $ %&-, 5#%+
183
DO=P= ION !JOEQK=>
± 30 ±
A 5#(- $/#5 "*12)(#%+ ,& +% 4+,8()%) 0).+@()' *):+%) .+
.1*")%) $& $%)%&-. >%(# ,& 5"# $#5,&?& 5) - 0)"1*9). !%)")'
*)(+ & 0)51/6&%#/(+ (-4+/4+ @)$) $# ,+%)#' "412&, 0) 5) *)5-
"), *+5&%#/&%# $&. F,)') (865) 5) "-*")%, @# $) :&/& .*)"& 0)
4)@#$%")%) () .$&'+/+64)%).
>2# (# :-' $1"$#, () $#:# $&. A$# .)4 /&@#9#, @# $1, :85#(
& +:0#% +% 6#/)(&# 0) (+" 6&"+%. I+;)%+ +:-"&', @# .&9) $%)%&-
& 2# $& %1*$- *):+%) " (-4+C "#$%(&4, #5&($%"#()%) *#./&4) ()
,)C4) ,& :#9#, @# %*-:")/+ 5) .+,&$/- & 0) $/#5")(#.
T),1/@)' $& .*#5"&5/&"+, @#... 0(), /&∀!
A#@# :-' *#9&/ 5) $& $.#$%- &(%#/#4%8)/(+%+ &0()$&/")(#,
4+#%+ .+@")9# +2# $ ()08:*-(#%+ () 4)(5&5)%$%85#(%$4& %#,&,
) $/#5 %+") .*+51/6)")9# $ (#2+ +2# .+-,*)@(+. D*&/&@)9#
,& () ./)(&*)(+ 0):*#,#(-")(# $ &(%#/#4%8)/(& & &5#+/+;&-
@#$4& (#5+(+$@#%) () *)0(& .*+S#$+*& ± .*+S#$+*&, 4+&%+ +%-
5)"() $# :-') 5+4)0)/& 4)%+ .1*"& ).+/+;#%& () 8@#(&-, 4+&%+
(-,)% (&2+ +:2+ $ "&$9&%# ?#((+$%& & @+"#94+%+ 2)$%&#.
>2# 5+4)%+ $# .+5;+%"-' 5) $/#5"), ,#5&?&() & .*)"+, $#
:-' 0)*#41/, @# (-,) 5) &0(+$"), & 5) *)65), 4+.#/#%)%) () 4+-
;+%+ & 5) :&/+. A#@# $& &,)' .1*"+4/)$(+ +:*)0+")(&# ± " .1*"&
4/)$ ,& 5)5+') ;*),+%), @# ,+;) 5) @#%) & .&9), 4+#%+ "$12(+$%
$& ,+6#' & .*#5& %+"). R .*+S#$+*&%#, .*& 4+&%+ ,)C4) ,& %1C
&$4)9# 5) ,# .*)%&, %)4) & (# $# :-') ()8@&/& 5) @#%)%. E&2+ @#
$& &,)') 5&./+,&, @#$%+ +4)@#(& 4)%+ /+"(& %*+S#& .+ $%#(&%#
() +48.&*)(&%# &, 4):&(#%&.
T) (&2+ () $"#%) (-,)9# 5) .+0"+/- () (#.+$"#%#(& $"#%&/)
5) ,& +$#,#(-")% 8,) & 5) ,# .+$"#2)")% " &048$%"+%+ 5) $# 58-
4)%+ .8-4. 7+"#4 & .*)"+ 5) 8@&, & ,#5&?&() 5) 8@&, 4)4"+%+ &
5) 8@&, .1*"+ %*-:") 5) $# ()8@& 5) ;+"+*& () 5*8; #0&4; 5) *#5&
.*#S1*?8(#(& %#*,&(& & @865&?&, .+/0")(& $),+ +% ;&/5&-%)
192
KBE> JFUF7E> >=IJ>EKEFK
@# (-,) 5) @#%)% $),+ ")$, ) ?#/&- "#$%(&4. E)-$(+ /& $%# 4+/4+
$%*8") +%.#@)%")(#%+ () #5() $%*)(&?)∀ I8.#%# $& #5() & 2# "&
5), 5) .&9#%# 4)4"+%+ &$4)%#! K5&( "#$%(&4 %*-:") 5) &,) $%&/
+% .1*")%) 5+ .+$/#5()%) $%*)(...
± E# *)0:&*),. I)4 ,+6# 5) $# 8#5()4"& $%&/1% () *)0/&@(&
,)%#*&)/&, .&$)(& +% *)0/&@(& '+*)∀
± E# ,# .*#41$")C%#! D+,+/&' "& (-4+/4+ .1%&. U)0@&%), ()
'+*)%) $& $),& 5) $# 8@)%. E)C@#", 5)"), '/-: () "$-4)4"& '+*),
.+"#@#%+ +% 4+&%+ $) 4)%+ ")$... E# .&%), 4+C 4)4"+ # 0)"1*9&/,
) 4)4"+ ,+6#. >@)4"), +% ")$ 5#C$%"&%#/(+ 5) $# 8@&%# :1*0+, 5)
$"&4(#%# $1$ $%&/) & %#,.+%+ () *):+%), 5) $# $*):+%&%# $...
± R')! T) ,#( %+") # 8"1*%)(#, 5"8$,&$/&# () 58,&%#... B)6#
(# # $%&/, ) .&$)%#/$4) $8#%). D*& 68*()/&$%&4)%) ,+6# & .+-
%+@(+ +.*#5#/#(&# 5) $# (),#*&, (+ 2# "& +:&5-. R 4)4%+ .&$)',
()&$%&() &$4), *):+%)%) &... F &0"&(-")C%# 0) .*#41$")(#%+!
K5&, 4+C%+ $# :#9# ()?8.&/, .+:1*0) 5) .*&4/L@"),#:
± =1*$- $& @+"#4 0) $"#%$4)%) '*+(&4). T) ()@)/+ ,+6# 5) $#
8.*)6(-")%# $ .+/+"&( $%*)(&?). R4+ "& &(%#*#$8"), ,+6# 5) -
.+#,#%#. T) +2# ,)%#*&)/&... 4+/#;), 2# ;+"+*&, .+-()%)%14.
U#5)4%+*1% 4)0) 0) 4+/4+ ,# 48.8") & .*+51/6& () ⊗%&≥. !/#5
%+") &0*#5& 5+.1/(&%#/(&%# .*&5+:&"4& 0) %#0&, 4+&%+ :1*0+
$"&4()% () %#,.+%+ & $# 8@)% "0)&,(+ () ⊗$%&/&$%&4)≥. >2# "
.1*"&- *)0;+"+* ()589&', @# $%&/&$%&4) # 5*8; ()@&( 5) $# ;+-
"+*& 0) $),+?#(08*).
± H$%*+C") /& %#∀
± R,& 0) .+/+"&( $%*)(&?)... I)4"+ 5) 4)6)∀
± >@)4"), 5) .+.&%)9 4+;) 0).+@")9 ± +%"1*() $ 4/&9#%+
@+"#41%, 4+;+%+ .*&#' 0) 9#S, %1C 4)%+ (-,)9# 5*8;.
± B+:*#, 4+;) ,+;) 5) 0).+@()∀ I+;) 2# .8$(#9 $%)%&-%)∀
± I+/#;), (# $# 0)$-;)C, (+ %+") (# # $%)%&-. T) 5) $%)(# $%)%&-,
%*-:") 5) - .*#().&$"),. I)4 5) - .*#().&$"),, 4+;)%+ (# $1,
:&/ %), & ,+;) 5) $# .+0+")"), #5&($%"#(+ () %#:∀ D+*):+%&,
$"&4(& $ *):+%)%) & .)4 2# ;+"+*&, 0) (#2+ .+"#@#! N+6# 5)
0).+@(#9 "#5();). M# %# 0).+0()- $ #4&.)...
E-4+& +% 68*()/&$%&%# *):+%#/& 0) K5& +% 51/;& ;+5&(&. B*8-
;& :&/& .*&"/#@#(& +% 4+(48*#(%(& &05)(&-. F0489&' $# 5) .+-
.&%), () "$#+$/89)(&# 5)/& 9#S1% 2# .8$(# $(&,4) () 0)5(&4)
,&, )4+ $& 48.- $%*)(&?) 0) %+"), (+ .*#?#(&', @# 2# # *)08,(+
5) (# $& ()$&/"), 41$,#%). D1*"+()@)/(+ "10(),#*-")' 5) *)-
:+%- ,#$#?, 4+/4+%+ 5) $# +*&#(%&*), " +:$%)(+"4)%), & (#.*#-
196
KBE> JFUF7E> >=IJ>EKEFK
± 31 ±
D1*"&-% *):+%#( ,#$#? :#9# $%*#$ $/#5 $%*#$.
>4)0) $#, @# $1, #5(+ +% ()C-,/)5&%# .+.1/(#(&- " #4&.) ()
;/)"(&- *#5)4%+*, 4+C%+ .*#5.+@&%)9# 5) "-*"), @# "#$%(&41%
,8 # ()C-5+:*&-% .+5 $/1(?#%+. E#/+-/()%) 4+(48*#(?&- :&/)
#5&($%"#()%) .*#@4) 5) .*+5)") $%*)(&?& () .+"#@# 4/&#(%&.
T) %*& $#5,&?& $")/&' $#5#, 4&/) ± $"&4")' $1$ $*+4+"#%# 0)
.*#5)")(# () %#4$%+"#%#. D+"#@#%+ :-') :#08,(&. F $*+4+"#%#, &
$),&%# %#4$%+"#. >%5#/(+ $& &,)' *)0.*)"&& .*& 5#/:)%) () $%)-
%&&%#, %1C 4)%+ 4+/#;&%# ,(+;+ ()$%+-")') )0 5) .&9) 0) ()C-
;+/#,&%# ;/8.+$%&. D*&,)' ;+ ± :-' (+")41%. F $1$ $%*)(Y+*&%#
&,)' 5*-0;&. =# $# +./)4")'), "4/L@&%#/(+ $ .+.*16(&, @# &/L-
$%*)?&&%# ,& (# :&/& %)4&"), 4)4"&%+ %*-:")/+ 5) :15)%.
T)*)5& :1*0+%+ $/):##(# & (#5+$.&")(#%+ 4+6)%) () /&?#%+
,& .+8"&$() & %#0&, 4+&%+ (# ,# .+0()")'), @#$%+ ,&$/#'), @#
;+(- %*&C$#%%#. =+") (# +%4)0) #5() +% .+-,/)5&%# 4+/#64& 5)
,& ()/&%), 4+#%+ 5+.1/(&%#/(+ ,# ().*-;)9#. E# :-' ;+%+" 0)
(+"& *+,)(%&@(& +%(+9#(&-.
D+$%)*)' $# 5) 0).)0- (-4+/4+ +% ()5(+*,#(&%# 4&/+;*),& &
$& .8$()' :*)5), 4)%+ $# ()5-")', @# 8')6+*4)%) "#@# (-,) 5) ,#
')*#$"). >%@)-(&%# ,& 5#C$%"&- (# 5)5+') *#08/%)%&. !/#5 0)58-
9#"#( *)0;+"+* & .+,+2 +% ()5/1;")(#%+ 8:#5&' ,+,)%), @# 0)-
$/86)") .+-(+*,)/#( ,16 +% ,#(.
197
DO=P= ION !JOEQK=>
± 32 ±
E) $/#5")2&- 5#(, $%85#(&- 7 S#"*8)*& () 2005 ;+5&(), $#
"1*()' 41, !"#%/&()%). D+,(- 5+:*# %+0& 5#(, 0)2+%+ 0) .*1"
.1% (# +%&5+' ()"*#,# () *):+%). !")5)%) $ 9#S) ,# .+5%&4()
41, *)0,&$/&. =*-:")9# 5) .*#?#(- 415# $# (),&*),, ()415#
"1*"-, 5) *#9) $ 4)4"+ 2# $# 0)(&,)"), 0)().*#5.
=#0& "1.*+$& ,# 0)(&,)")') & $/#5 0)"1*9")(#%+ () ;&,()-
0&-%), 4+;)%+ $# 9/-#' :#0?#/(+ " +@)4")(# () .+"&4")%#/()%)
+% 4)0)*,)%). =+;)") (#()5#C(+ () .1%- ,&, $-4)9 +% (#:#%+,
.)5() G#*;)(). =- &0.1/(& :&%&#%+ ,& $1$ $,&$1/ & ,# "4)*) "
D1%-. E+ %- "#@# (# :#9# 5+ ,#( & %*-:")9# 5) $# $.*)"-, $),.
>:0# ,# 86)$, @# "$# .+-*-54+ ,&$/#' 0) (#-.
F 0) +:#2)(&-%), 4+&%+ < :-' 5)/.
X*)(?80&(1% $12+ ,& /&.$")9#, 5*#,#9# (-415# " ,#(.
!/#5 4)%+ ,& $15#C$%") 5) 0).+@() *):+%) .*& K5&, .+"#@# (# $#
.+-"&. ! (#;+ $& +%&5+') & .*&.)51?&%#. >% 5+$%) "*#,# $#
@8"$%")' 5+:*#. B-$()%) ,& *14) 0)05*)"- ().1/(+. K5&($%"#(
:#/#;1% +$%)() 5) ().+,(- 0) 4*)- () 2)$%/&"&%# ,& 5(&.
B+4)%+ $#5-' " ).)*%),#(%), ;/)"(&-% *#5)4%+* ,& 0"1(#9#
() .+6)* .+ ,+:&/(&- %#/#S+(. >$%)"&' ;+ 5) $& 0"1(&. E# :-'
()-$(+ 4)4"+ 5) ,8 4)6) ± & 4)4. R4+ &,)9# (#2+, " 4+#%+ :-'
$&;8*#(, :#9#, @# G#*;)() (# :& ')*#$)/) %+"), " 4+#%+ (#8$#%(+
$# :-' .*#"1*()/. D+$/)(&#%+ () .#$#(%), 4+#%+ %- ,# .+,+/& 5)
@8- $ (#C(&%# 89&, ;/)$#9#: ⊗(1E=7>= 6B5<G@8 18 G31G=?;>8
F;6!≥ >%4)4%+ $# 0)'")()' $ "#$%(&4), $# .8$()' .+ %#@#(&#%+ &
(# @8"$%")' /L:+" 41, (&4+;+ & (&2+.
78"$%")' $# 4)%+ /16#?.
199
DO=P= ION !JOEQK=>
± 33 ±
U)0;+"+*1% :#9# 4*)%14. D+ (-4+# "*#,# ;/)"(&-% *#5)4%+*
$4+@& & $# 0).1%& 41, "*)%)%). D+$#;() 5) - +%"+*&, 0) 5) $& '+-
5-, (+ $# $.*-:
± E)C@#", ')*#$"), %+"), @# $& 8"#*#(, (+...
± E+ %& $#;) (# $& 8"#*#( 4)4"+ (# %& ')*#$"), ()/&∀ N+6# :&
(# $1, +%5#/&/ ):0)?&%# .+ .*)"&/)%)∀ F/& $%)%&-%) ,& (# # ()
5+$%)%1@(+ 61/%) ')*%&- 0) %"+- "48$...
± A(&,)")C 4)4 ,& ;+"+*&9! ± .*#58.*#5& ,# K5& & .+$#;()
41, :*)")%).
± F 4)4"+ $#;)∀ R4+ (# ,& &0()$-, 5&, 5) ,# (-,)∀ 78")/ $1,
;+ & .*#5&...
± E# $1, 4)0)/ %)4+") (#2+. R4+ :-' 5*8;, +%5)"() 2-' 5) $1,
%# &0'"1*/&/, 0)2+%+ 5*),&%# %& (-,)% 4*)C.
± B+:*#. D*&4/L@"),# $ 5*),)%). K%+ $& %& %#/#S+()!
± R4+ $& ,&$/&9, @# $& (#0),#(&, & ,+6#9 5) ,# &0(85")9
.+ %+0&...
± B+%84 :-',#. P'"), 4+(-. D+"#@# (-,) 5) %# /16), @# *):+-
%-. F %& (-,) 5) $# /16#9, @# ,& 5)")9 *):+%).
! K5& $# 8,1/@)',#. I)%+ @# (-,)9# 4)4"+ .+"#@# $& 4)6#,.
=+C .+(#@& 5) ,& "1*(# $/86#:(&- %#/#S+(. >%4)0)'. Z#S1%
,& ;+ .*&# 4)%+ .*#&;*)")(# " 5*),)%&0)?&-%):
± !16)/-"), %#, 4)4%+ $16)/-"), "$&@4& 5*8;& 5#?) () D*#-
'+5). >:1*4)(& $%#. B&"& $%#. T);8:#(+ .+4+/#(&#, 4+#%+ # &0;8-
:&/+ "-*) " $#:# $& & -$() .*#5$%)") 0) $#:# $&... !16)/-"),, (+
2# %& 4)6) & @# +2# 0) (&2+ (# %# :&"). I+/4+%+ & 5) $& "1+:*)-
0-")9 5*8;+.
3/);+5)*&' ,8, @# :#9# +%4*+"#(, ) .+(#6# :-' .+5;+%"#( &
0) %)41" *)0"+C () *)0;+"+*), "1*()' 6#$%). D+5)5+' ,8 "%+*)%)
*)0.#@)%4), 4+-%+ $& :-' .+5;+%"&/. =- :#9# .*#"+5 +% ;*1?4&-
"#$%(&4 ⊗I/Η≥, :*+C 397 +% 1869 ;+5&().
202
KBE> JFUF7E> >=IJ>EKEFK
± 34 ±
F 5) $1, &,)/ $1,(#(&-, @# .*&:1*0)(+ ().8$()' *):+%)%) $&
0) "#$%(&4), %# $# &0.)*&') ,#$#? .+-41$(+. D*+S#$+* 3+6&5)*
B&,&%*+", "&5#( .*#5$%)"&%#/ () $%)*)%) ;")*5&-, 4+-%+ "#@(+
$%*+& Q)*$%"+ 3#0:+6&#, ,# +$"#5+,& +% #5&( #6#5(#"(&4, @#:
F +%(+"+ ,# $;1/@):
± B) $# (# 4)*)%# "#@#!
R 4+;)%+ .*+*+@&?)%) +:-"&, @# 2# $& '+5&, $# +$,#/&' 5)
.+.&%), 5)/& ,+6# 5) "&5- G#*;)() & :):). >% &0*)6#(&#%+ <
*)0:*)', @# 2# &,) 5) .+@)4),. U#9&', @# ,& $# $1*5&, 0)5#%+ ()
.1*")%) ,& $*#2) $ G#*;)(), "#@# 4)%+ .+*)$()/& 5#?), $# :-'
.+5&;*)/ $ (#C(+%+ &,#. R A)(;) ,# ()*#@# ⊗,);)*#≥ & +:#2), @#
2# "&5- G#*;)(), 2+, $# 4)@) ⊗;+*#≥. >2# $1, :&/ ⊗5+/8≥.
D+ D1%- 0) ;+*# 2-/) 5) ,# "+5& #5() $%)*) 4)*%). E+ (# $.+-
,#() 415# 5) - (),#*- &/& @# 2# ,& - 5+(#$)% 5"),) &,)(-*&...
=)0& 4)*%) 2-/) 5) ,# +%"#5# 5+ #5() I(&;), ) %- .14 2-/)
5) :15# (#&0@#*.)#, &0"+* () "51'(+"#(&# 0) ,+&%#. F $/#5
4)%+ .+./#%# & .+;+"+*&',# +2# ,)/4+, %- $%)() & $-4)9 ()-
*+@(+ ,# ()$%1.&.
!1:85&' $# &0.+%#(.
E) $/#5")2&- 5#( $/89)/4)%) () %#/#S+() 0);*- " *14)%) ,&,
5+4)%+ &05&*")' I*)$&,&*) !%+-(+") ± ./#,#((&?)%) () .*+-
*+@&?)%), .&$)/) 4(&;& 0) .*+@8%)%) $& /#/-. >% #5() $%*)(),
&$4)' 5) - 0)*)5"),, 4)%+ < $.+5#/-, @# A)(;) # 6&"), ,)4)* .+
5*8; ()@&(, & .*+51/6)") 5) ./#%# 0) :/);+%+ () @+"#@#$%"+%+.
E)5-")' $#, @# ;-6) !%+-(+") 2# ,& .+,+;(# 5) $& +:-$(-
.+(# (-4+& +% 58,&%#, 4+&%+ /#/- < ,& 4)0) " +(0& .&.#*/&", (+
.*&-%#/$4& ,+(+/+;. !/#5 %*&@)$+"+ '+5#(# .+ ,14&%# $# $"1*-
0)' $ (#- & "(&,)%#/(+ +.&.)' .+@")%). V#()%) :#9# ,(&%#/()
41, &(%#*#$) ,& & 5+*& 4+;)%+ *)0%+.&',# /#5), (+ (# .+$,-' 5)
< 4)6), @# /#/- < ,& # ;+"+*&/) ")6(& (#2) ()$1(. D*#?#(&', @#
2# ,# "0#,# 0) .ζ /85, +%4+/4+%+ :-' ;+%+" 5) $# .+@8"$%"),.
>%4)0)' $# 5) - 0)(&,)"), $ %+"), 0) 4+#%+ $# +:)65)'. B1/;+
*)0,&9/-")' $),. D*)"#' ;+ $ .+-0*#/&- 8, () +4$&%)($4&- :/)-
;+*+5(&4. R 4+;)%+ *+5&%#/&%# ,& $# .*&:*)') +% *):+%), .+
8%"1*5#() %*)5&?&- $# .*#5.+/);)9#, @# 2# .*+51/6&, *)0;+-
"+*) +% .*#5&9()%) "#@#*. !#5()',# $,1/@)(& 4*)C ,)$)%) & 0)-
@)4)',# (-4+C 5) .+5'")(# :+/()%) %#,).
± B(#$4) @)%&' $ #5&( S*)(?80&( ± 0).+@()'. ± F(%#*#$#(
@+"#4. A$12(+$% $ (#;+ $# .+0()"),# +%5)"(), ),) ().+$/#514
*-54+ &5")9# 5) @)%&,. =)4) 5#... B(#$ 0) .*1" .1% +:28")',#
4)%+ *)"#( $ *)"#(... >4)0) $# $"#$%#( %&.. R0 ,8 $.+5#/&' 0)
()9&%# .*+:/#,&, ) %+C ().+,(& #5(& (#2) 0) (#;+, 4+&%+
0()#', (+ :-' 0):*)"&/. D*#5& ,(+;+ ;+5&(& (#;+"+%+ $#,#C$%"+
# :&/+ " .+/+6#(&#... 4)%+ ()9#%+. !),+ @# %+C # :&/ "1" ")9)%)
210
KBE> JFUF7E> >=IJ>EKEFK
212
!"# $%&$'
!"#$%&'()*+#
± 35 ±
!"#$ %&'& ( #")*+*. !"#$ %&'& " ,*(-,. .&/0# ,* 1+$2* 3$/
&2&,* " /"'*# +&)4$. 50# "63*/,*2 ( 1+7*,,$ 1-1+$0,"& ,* 12&-
3$+*, 3$/$%,$ ,* 01,$("/1+($+$, ,$ %&'& +(-7/& +-8,$. 9$:*+$
$1+*("# 4*7+*+* ( ;1+*+* ,* Η2&,*, 8" 37"<&7,0. =-7($,*<*2,$
:$ $+/*/$# ,* :2*/*, 37&;8$7*+* " 1+7&1*. >$ $%"<*?,$+$ 8" 67&-
,"& 6*%7*(" /* 1& (-7,& " @":;2*74" ,& 1& ,*(-7+*#* ,*$4$2$.
A3*10(*# 1&, <& 8$)& " /* 1-8 $:2;'*2. A+ (7&8& ,* (7&8&
3$+7$3(*# 1 47*4 3$ /-1<&,"0 3$/, <;(*# 6(;4*, ,$ $+ +$(* ,& 8"
1+*(*'& 3$-2&4$.
± B*4-1*#8& 0, %7*+& ± 37$/-2)*(*# /* :$($70 ,* &2&,*. ± >$
C& 1& $37*("8!
D6%-71*# 1-26"+& 1", 0/$1*# 1& ,* 1&%& 1", <& 1& 7*68&4(*8, "
1+*,*# 7064$. !$(* 8" %&'& 3$8$:,*2$ 37&/,"0 3-+. >"C$. .&/-
,*#, 3*4 1+*,*# ± 3*4 ,"C$.
D/&'& 8" /* 6*7$(0 2"@& ( '&3" " /* 1& 37&/*8 37&/ 1+7*#*,
,$ 1& 1370#. E2*,"+& 8" %0#* /(& 1(&+2" 3&+,*, @&2"0+ 1(&+&# (
87*4* 4*+$ 7*/"$*4+"(&, $+ ("@. F&'"#, <& ,&("/"8"+& 1"2" 8&
,*4*6(*+, 6*/&+$ 1-:7&'"# ± ,*2" ;/*7"# G&H"4, /$4*+$ "68-4-
(*# 4*7+*+*. =$(&<& 1" +-71&# 37"<"," /* 1-8 :,&(&,. >* 1&%&
1", ,* /7;:, (1& &/,$.
D147&,$ 1& 0/$1(*#, <& /$3;1,*# I&/ /* 1" $+"/& 1 $,*6"
7*,"@*, 3-2,* 1-1 62*+$. E$,04-/& %0# 142$,&, /* 8; 1& /$(&70,
+-? 4*+$ 37"1+-3"+& 3$<,*#* $+7*,$ " (&<& ,* ,04$24$ 3-+" %0#
("/02 1(&+2",,$+$ 8; +02$. =*/*'& 1" 8*24$ ⊗1(&+&@≥. J1& 3*4
%&'& :2;3*($, <& :$ $1+*("# /* 1& 7*637*(0 1*8 1 :2*($7&6"+& (
$,$(* 47*?3-+,$ 6*(&/&,"&.
B*47*<"# ,*37&/-,*6*/ ( #")*+* " 1& ,*("(*# 4*4 I&/ 8&
& ,*/2-:*2, 4*4 ,08* ,"4*4(* 17&C* 1 :2*($7&6", * 3-+;(* ,*-
,04-/& " 8" 1& 37"18"(*. =$12& 37$%(*# /* 1& 0/$1*8 " 4*+$ 1"
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
7*1,*. .4$7$ 6*%&206*#, <& "63-2(* @02*+* 1+*0. .-7@&+$ 8" 37&-
3;1,* $+ (-6%;/*. D 1" 4*6*# +"#$:
± >& ,* 1+7*#*!
=$1+&3&,,$ $1-6,*#, <& 1",V$+$ ,&C$ 37&6 @02$+$ (7&8& %&'&
"63-2(*2$ 3$8&C&,"&+$, * 4*4+$ 14$7$ C0# /* 6*%&2&)*, " 1*8"0
8&,. J/"'(*# $+ ,&:$, * +$ 8& 4*7*'& /* 3$+7&3(*8 /$($2,$. 5&-
'& 4*+$ :$7"($ 6* 1(&+2",,$+$ 8" +02$. J&7$0+,$ +*6" )"6,&-
,* 1"2* %&'& 3$6,*+* ( "6+$<,"+& ;<&,"0 4*+$ @", <" "2" 4", *
17&/ ",/"?@"+& ± 4*+$ 37*,*. .3$7&/ #7"1+"0,14*+* +&78",$2$-
:"0 8$)& %" %&'& 5$)" E;#... >& %0# 1":;7&,.
W1&C*,&+$ 6* 6*32*#* ,*8*20. .",4*(*+* 8-:2* 104*' 1-C$
;1&+" 37$80,*+* ( ,*1+7$&,"&+$ 8" " 37"& 3$-,&;+7*2&, @(0+ ±
"6%2&/,0. B* /* 1& 37&/1+*(0 (-( (-68$),$ ,*?-/$%7* 1(&+2",*
37&/ +*?,1+(&,*+* 1"2*, "6/&42*8"7*# ⊗I$0+* 8$2"+(*≥ ± &/,$
$+ 1+"#$+($7&,"0+* ,* #*?/;+",* X7"1+$ 5$+&(, 4$&+$ /7;:*74*-
+* 3$ 2"+&7*+;7* 8& ,*4*7* /* ,*;<* ( $1,$(,$+$ ;<"2"C&.
± 36 ±
.",4*(*+* 8-:2* ,& 3$4*6* /* & (3&<*+2&,* $+ 8$2"+(*+*. !$-
(* (&<& ,& 8& (-2,;(*'&. D637*("# $<"+& 1", 6*C$+$ 1& ;8$7"#
/* :" /-7)* 47-1+$1*,", " 1/-7)*,$ 1& 6*7*/(*#, 4$:*+$ 1",0+*
:$1+&,4* 1& 7*67&/", ,$ ,& "6<&6,* ,*3-2,$. .+*,*#, * +-? 4*+$
12*%*+* $1+*+-<,* 8-:2* 8" 3$6($20(*'& /* (")/*8 $<&7+*,"0-
+* ,* 37&/8&+"+& ( 1+*0+*, 18&2$ +7-:,*# 4-8 "6#$/*.
=7&/" /* "6206*, 4*6*# ,* &2&,*:
± 57*+2&, 6*42&(*8 +& /* 0 3*6"'!
B*:-7%"# 1+*0+*, $+8&1+"# 8*1*+* " ;(&7&,$ $+($7"# (7*+*+*.
P (1"<4*+* 8" ;(&7&,$1+ "/(*'& $+ &/", 1-,, ( 4$?+$ &/,*
37$7$<"@* 8" %&'& 4*6*2*, <& C& ,*8&70 1+*7" "6+$<,"@" " C&
3"'* 1 (/-#,$(&,"& 3$ +0#. !$(* 8$)&'& /* 1& +-24;(* " 4*+$
;(&7&,"&, <& G&H"4 ,08* /* 8" 1(&+" 8*12$+$. D 37&/14*6*,"0-
+* ,* S&7:*,* 8" /*/$#* 4;7*). D 3;1+"0+ %*24*,14" ",*+ /*
/-7)* ,* 8$&+$ ⊗>O ,* 1+7*#*≥. Y$8 "6206$# ,* 37*:*, 1& 1370#.
!70%(*'& /* 8",& 8*24$ (7&8&, 37&/" /* 1("4,* 1 ,&$%"<*?-
,*+* :2&/4*. N02*+* 8&1+,$1+ 9$6,"@* 1"0&'& ± +7&("+&, :$7"+&,
%;%$2&<4"+& 3$ 6&80+* " (-( (-6/;#*. J1"<4$ )"($ 1(&+&'& (
%02$ " )-2+$ 17&/ +*?,1+(&,*+* 1",4*(* 8-:2*. J @&2"0 +$6"
8"'-8*' $+ $:,&," 1(&+2"," %&6 01," $<&7+*,"0 8" %&'& +7;/-
,$ /* 1& $7"&,+"7*8, $+,$($ 47-1+$1*# $<" " 3$&# ,*37&/.
220
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
:*+,0 " 1& "637*("# 1 3-'4*,&. A:2&/*# 1& 4-/& /* %0:*8. P4$ ,&
%7$"8 32*8-<&+*+* " 13$7*/"<,"+& 37$%201-@" $+ $4$2,*+*
17&/*, (")/*# ,$78*2,$. D (1& 3*4 &/", 1(&+-2 2-< 37"(2&<&
(,"8*,"&+$ 8". 5&'& 1-C"0+ 4*+$ +&6", 4$"+$ 3$-7*,$ %0# $37"-
2"<"2 ,* 3*7*2&2" " 8&7"/"*,". !$6" $%*<& %&'& 4-1, "62"6*'&
$+ %7&:* ,* 47*<4" $+ 8&,, ,*3$/$%0(*'& $3-,*+$ (-)& ,* 3&/0
,*/ 7&4*+* " "6<&6(*'& ,04-/& ( $+17&C,"0 %70:.
B* 8": 1& "64;'"# /* +7-:,* 3$ ,&:$.
>04*4 ",+;"+"(,$ 6,*&#, <& 37&/" 8,$:$ (&4$(& X7"1+$1 &
#$/"2 3$ +*4"(* 2-<", 4$&+$ ( $<"+& ,* 12&3"+&, 7*6%"7* 1&, &
"6:2&)/*2$ 4*+$ <;/$/&?,$ #$/&,& 3$ ($/*. !-? 4*+$ " 6* #$/&-
,&+$ 3$ (-)& 1& "6"14(* $3"+, * 1-C$ " 8,$:$ (07*, 4*4(*+$, 6*
7*62"4* $+ $,6" 5$)" .",, $C& ,08*#, ,& 3$180# /$7" /* $3"+-
(*8 /7&(,"0 +7"4. B*+"<*# 1& ,*:$7& 3$ %7&:* ,* 7&4*+*.
G&H"4 (,"8*(*'& 1-1 12"6*,&+$ 3$ 1+7-8,$+$. !$(* 8" /*/&
"6(&1+,* 37&/,",*. !;7<",-+ 4$3,&&'& 6* 8$0+* 4*7+*, ,$ 8$)&
%" ,08*'& /* 3$18&& /* 8& 12&/(* 3$ ("1$4$+$. E$4*+$ %0:*#,
1*8 1& ,*2*:*# 3$ (7*+* " :-7%*, 6* /* 1" (-7,* ,*3-2,$ $%"<*?-
,$+$ 67&,"&. =2*8-<&+*+* $4$2$ 8&, 1& 1+$3"#*, ,$ 3$,&)& 1&
32014*# #*$+"<,$ " 1 /(&+& 7-@&, ,& 7*6%7*# 4$0 & 42R<$(*+*
+$<4* ± "2" 3$,& ,& 1-8 1-(1&8 1":;7&,...
.2*%* %&'& 2;,,*+* 1(&+2",*, 4$0+$ 37$,"4(*'& 37&6 42$,"-
+& ,* /-7(&+*+*. 9$7"+$+$ ,* 7&4*+* %&'& $%7*12$. J 1&,4"+& 1&
(")/*# 1*8$ 6*7*/" +&,"14*+*. B*8"12"# 1& /*2" /* ,& 0 1-%2&-
4*. S$2"0+ 8" 3$+&, :7-% C&'& /* 2-C" "6/*?,"<&14". P C$8
1370# /* 3$<",*, 8" 1+*,* " 1+;/&,$. E$0/0 8& 6* 04&+$, 4$&+$
$1+*,* ,*6*/, ,$ :,&(-+ 1&:* ,08*'& 4*4 /* 3$8$:,&.
=$-,*:$7& 7&<,$+$ 4$7"+$ 37*(&'& 32*(&, 6*($? 6* J-7+$3*,
4-/&+$ %0#* "6($7"+&. >08*'& 4*4($ /* 37*(0 +*8. =7&4$1"#
7&4*+* 3$ &/", %7$/, 6*3*6"2 1& $+ #*?/;'4" (7&8&,*. !$:*(* &
"8*2$ " ($/&,"@". .*8$ ,* &/,* 2"<*#* $1+*,4"+& /$ ,*'" /,",
4*8-,", 4$"+$ ,& %0#* $+,&1&," $+ 3$7$"+&. Y$8 37&8",*# ,*
/7;:"0 %70:, 3$+-71"# $(<*714" 3-+&4" 4-8 1&2$+$. J +*6" 2;,,*
,$C 8$)&'& /* 1& 37"%&7* /$ 1-8(*,&.
E$4*+$ 37"+"<(*# 4-8 ,*?-%2"64*+* :$7*, ;1&+"# 1+0:*,& (
12-,<&("0 132"+ " 1& 1370#. .04*' 3$ ,&<"0 4$8*,/* (/":,*#
$<" 4-8 ,&%&+$. >* +7"?1&+",* 8&+7* ,*/ :2*(*+* 8" %&6';8,$
37&2&+0 $:,&,$ 4-2%$. !$ %&'& 1 7*68&7"+& ,* 2&4* 4$2*, /$?/&
$+4-8 :-7%* 8", $+ "6+$4, "637&(*7" 8& " ;("1,* (-( (-6/;#* ±
104*' "14*'& /* 1& ;(&7", <& 1-8 :$ 6*%&206*2.
224
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
=$12& 4-2%$+$ 7064$ 18&," 3$1$4*+* " 1& 1+$3" ,* 1&(&7, 37&-
/" /* 37&#(-72" %"2$+$. !$:*(* 6* 37-( 3-+ ("/0# $+%2"6$ &/,*
$+ ⊗3*/*C"+& 6(&6/"≥. D 1 01,$+$ 1-6,*,"&, <& 8$)& %" (6"8*8
1-/%$(,$ 7&'&,"&, 3$12&/(*# ,&3$6,*+$+$ ,&C$. P4$ 4*)*, <&
,& 8& %&'& 1+7*#, C& "62-)*. [;(1+($+$, <& G&H"4 ,& 1& & $+4*-
6*2 /* 8& 37&12&/(*, ,& 8& ,*3;14*'&. .+7*#-+ 8" /$3-2,"+&2,$
1& 3$/42*)/*'& " $+ &/," "1+$7"", 4$"+$ %0# 37&(&)/*2 6* )-2-
+"+& 1+7*,"@" ± 6* 3$/$%," 1(&+&C" 4-2%&+*, $+ 4$"+$ 12"6*2"
/7&%," 1"(" <$(&<&+*, 6* /* $+(2"<*+ #$7*. S*(7*+* 1 32&,,"@"-
+& %"2* 3-2,*... 9*4($ 2" ,& 3"1*# 6* (&1+,"4*!
A:2&)/*# 1& 6* 3-+ 4-8 ("1$4$+$. >04$:* $+ ;<"2"C& ," %0#*
($/"2" 4-8 J-7+$3*, 6* /* ," 3$4*)*+ 3*7+"6*,14"+& 6&820,4".
=$ %"2$+$ %0# #$/"2 ,* "62&+ " 6* %$7$(",4". >$ 4$24$+$ " /*
3$6,*(*# +;4*',"0 5*24*, ( ,"14"+& 8; <*1+", ,08*# 3$<+" ,"-
4*4(* 37&/1+*(* 6* 8&1+*+* 3$ ("1$4$+$ ,*/ O(7&?14$+$ 4*2&.
9*3,*2 $+ ;8$7*, 1& /$%7*# /$ &/,* 3$20,*. !0 %&'& 6*4-+*,*
8&)/; %02* 14*2* " 8*24*+* 7&4*, 4$0+$ 3$-,*/$2; 37$+"<*'& $+
6*3*/,*+* 1+7*,* ,* 4*2&+$. A+,$($ 3"# ($/* " 1&/,*# ,* &/",
:$208 4*8-4. A+ +$(* 801+$ 8$)&# /* ,*%2R/*(*8 8&1+*+*, 37&6
4$"+$ %0# 8",*2, /$4*+$ 1& "64*<(*#, ,$ " 8$1+* ,* 8*:"1+7*2*-
+*. E$1&+"# 1&, <& " *6 8$)& /* 1& (")/*8 $+ ,"14$+$, " 1&/,*#
,*37*($ ,* 6&80+* ± 1,"'&, 6*/ 4*8-4*.
J+7&1& 8&, 37&:-7,*# 1" 4$2&,Η+Η " 3*4 1& $32&+$# ( 37$+"-
($7&<"0. ="+*# 1& ± /* 37$/-2)*(*8 2" $C& ,*:$7&∀ D2" /* ,&
"63;14*8 8$1+* $+ $<". I&/ 1& %*(&'& " (&<& 8& ,*3;14*'&
,*/&)/*+*, <& C& 1& (-7,&. B*7*/" /&@*+* 8; 1& ,*/0(*# 3$,&
,&:$(*+* <*1+ $+ 32*,* ," /* & 37"42R<"2* /$%7&. =$1+&3&,,$
8& $%6& %&67*62"<"& 4-8 (1"<4$ " (1"<4". =7""14* 8" 1& /*
3$130. P4$ ,& %& +$24$(* 1+;/&,$, 8$)&'& " /* :$ ,*37*(0.
D *4$ G&H"4 ,& 8& %&'& ,*8&7"2...
=$7&/,"0+ 8" 1%2-1-4 1 37&7$/&,"0 #*?/;+", 6*3$<,* 1-1
6(;4 ,* ,&<"& ;<&1+&,$ /"'*,&. .4$<"# ,* 47*4* " 1& $:2&/*#.
9$:*+$ $+ (-7#* ,* %&2"+& 14*2" 3*/,*#* %;@" 37-1+ 6*&/,$ 1
+7&(*+* 3$ +0#, (&<& 6,*&# ,*4-/& /* :2&/*8. >$ %&'& 4-1,$. !;7-
<",-+ 14$<" 37*($ (-7#; 8&,. =*/,*#, +$? 6*3*6" 7*(,$(&1"&,
6*C$+$ 1& 3$/370 ,* 4*8-4*, " 3$(&<& ,& 8" 3$6($2" /* 1& "6-
37*(0. F"+*'& 8& 4-/&+$ 1(*7" ± ( 4$7&8*, ( %-%7&@"+&, 3$ 6*/-
,"4* " 47*4*+*. Y&'& " ( :2*(*+* /* 8& ,*7"+*, ,$ +-? 4*+$ 0
3*6&# 1 7-@&, 1" C*/&'& 1"2"+&. . 37&8&7&, ';+ 8" "64*7* (-6-
/;#* " +02$+$ 8" 1& 1(" 4*+$ 6*7$/"' ( ;+7$%*.
225
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
± 37 ±
A%-74*, " (@&3&,&,, (1& +*4* 2&)*# 3$ :7-%. I*4*7 /* 1+"1-
4*# $<", 6,*&#, <& 1(&+2",*+* 8& $%2"(*. N02 %0# 3$+-,*2 ( ,&0.
."2,* %02* 1(&+2",*, ,$ 8&4*. .":;7&, %0#, <& *4$ (/":,* 42&-
3*<", ,08* /* 8& 3$/7*6,". E$2*(0# 0 +$32* " 4*+$ ,&),* 8;6"-
4*. I*24$ ,*3$/$%0(*'& %$)&1+(&,*+* ⊗P7"0 $+ 1R"+* \3≥ ,*
5*#, ,$ ,& %&'& 1 @":;24". !0 104*' %0#* 3$/8&,&," 1 :-/;24" "
7"+-8-+ %&'& 3$-/7;:.
I",* 8" 8"1-2 6* S;12*@"+&. >04*4-( (-+7&'&, :2*1 8" 3$/-
14*6(*'&, <& 3704$7-+ ,* +$6" 7$/ "/(*'& 6*7*/" +*6" 8;6"4*, *
,& 6*7*/" :-/;24"+&, 37*(&," $+ 6*(7&,"+& 6&+$(&. W18"#(*# 1&
,* +$(* 37&/3$2$)&,"&, 4$:*+$ ;1&+"# ,&<"& <;)/$ 37"1-1+("&.
>& %&'& G&H"4.
>04*4 6,*&# " <& 1-8 ,* 801+$, 4-/&+$ ,"4$? ,& %" 8" 37"<"-
,"2 1+7*/*,"&. J&<& ,& "63"+(*# %$24*. 5&'& $1+*,*2$ 1*8$ 12*-
%$ ,&7*63$2$)&,"& 3$/ 2-)"<4*+*. >*8&1+"# :7-% (-7#; +(-7/-
+*, ,* 4$0+$ 2&)*#, " 132&+$# 37-1+" (-7#; 4$7&8* 1".
227
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
A32*4*# 1&:
± S&7:*,* 1-C$ 37*(&'& +*4*. =7&7*64*6(*'& ,&C*, 4$"+$
18& 1" 4*6(*2" ,* (+$7*+* 2;,*. W<"+&2R, +" 3-4 8" $+:$(*70' 1
8$0, ,& $1$%&,$ (3&<*+20(*C* 3$&6"0. 9*4-( & 18"1-2-+ $+ +$(*,
*4$ ,08* /* :$ 3$8,0∀
± Y& 3$8,"', 4$24$+$ +" & /*/&,$. J07(*? ,* /;'*+* 1", +0
3$/%"7*! ± D 4*+$ 1& 6*180, J*2", /$%*(": ± >* 8&, 2&1,$ 2" 8"
& 1 ;<&,"4 4*+$ +&%&∀ J&<& 8" 2"31(* '&:$%"&@-+, 4$:$+$ 3$6,*-
(*8.
D8*# <;(1+($+$, <& W<"+&20+ 8& ,*/2-:(*. >& %0# 1":;7&,. D
/* %0#, &/(* 2" C0# /* :$ 37&%$70 ,* +*6" ":7*. .+$0# 4*+$ 3$-
12&/&, :2;3*4 17&/ 1(&+2",*+*.
D13$2",-+ &/(* 1/-7)*'& 18&#* 1":
± O∀ >*1"+" 2" 1& ,* %-74$+""+& 6&8,"∀
± =7&1"+"# 1&!
± =7&1"+"2 1& +$?... B,*8 *6 4*4 1" ;:*)/*'.
± D14*# /* 4*)*, <& 1& 37&1"+"# ,* %$0.
± D *6 +$(* 4*6(*8! ± 1+*,* 1&7"$6&, J*2",. ± >& 3$1+&'& "
37&/", +* S&7:*,* +& %" 3$ :-7%",*+*. J8&1+$ /* 1& 1+&:,&', 1&
$+3;1,* " $C& +& %"#*. >"C$! 52*)&," 1* 1+7*/*C"+&. 5&6 "6-
3"+*,"0, 1+7*/*,"0 " 37$+"($7&<"0 ,08* 3$("'*(*,& ,* +7&3+&-
,"0+* " 37$%;)/*,&. >08* " (2"6*,& ( N*71+($+$ 5$)"&.
± S2*/ "2" %$?... ± 3$42*+"# :2*(*. ± [;/&, "6%$7!
W<"+&20+ 1& 187-C":
± P8* <& 1" 4"1&2! ± D 3$01,": ± I&)/; +2&,,$+$ +02$ " +$(*,
1 4$&+$ 1" 1&:*, "8* (7-64". =$1+"+& :" 7*6#2*%(*+ " ,* <$(&4 8;
& /7*:$ /* 1& 6*,"8*(* 1 /;#$(," /&2*. P4$ 0/&' 8,$:$, C& 0/&'
" 8,$:$ %$?. P4$ ,& & %$?, C& & %$2&1+. P4$ 1& 7*6%$2&&', 3*4 1&
"14* (-6/-7)*,"& $+ #7*,*. !;?, 4$&+$ "8* /* 1+*(*, 1+*(*. =$-
/$%7& 1*8 /* 1& $:7*,"<*(*'. 9*4 1& ;1&C*'∀
± >& 6,*8... E$%7& 1-8. 9-/& 18& 1&:*∀
± F&4$# +", ( $:,&,* 4$2&1,"@*.
± B*C$ 8&,∀ . 4*4($ 1-8 :$ 6*12;)"2∀
± 9*+$ (6& D2"0 ( 1+*7$6*(&+," (7&8&,*, +$? 1 4*4($ :$
%&'& 6*12;)"2∀ . "6%"(*,&+$ ,* $,"0 37$7$@"∀ .-/"8 3$ 4*-
<&1+(*+*. =$ 4*<&1+(*+* $+7&)/*8& " 4*4(* 12;)%* C& "8*', C$8
+& (-7,&8 /$2;... Y& 1" "637*(0' 47"(","+&!
± I$)& 2" 3-7($ /* "/&8 /$ (+$7*+* 2;,*∀ ± 3$3"+*# 32*#$.
± E,&1 +" & 37*6,"4. >& 8"12" 6* 7*%$+*!
± D14*8 /* ("/0 S&7".
230
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
± 38 ±
F*63$6,*# 801+$+$, ,* 4$&+$ ,04*4 1& %0#8& 37&,&12". 9$2-
4$+$ " /* %&'& 1-C$+$, "8*'& " ,04$" 7*62"4". 50#8& ,* O2&,-
14$, 37&/ /7&(,$+$ 1(&+"2"C&. 9*8&,,"+& 1+-3*2* ($/&#* ,&
4-8 7;"," ,* *,+"<&, #7*8 "2" 17&/,$(&4$(&, 8*,*1+"7, * 4-8
,"14" 4*8&,," 3$1+7$?4". D 3$1+7$?4"+&, 1-C$ 4*+$ ,&%&+$ "
12-,@&+$, %0#* %&2".
A+ /01,*+* 1+7*,* ,* 3$7+*2* 6* %02*+* '4$2*, /$1;C 4*+$
1+7*), ,* (-6:$208 <&+(-7+"+ 4*8-4 %&'& 3$1+*(&,* 1+*+;0 ,*
4$,,"4 ( &1+&1+(&," 7*68&7". 5&'& "67*%$+&,* $+ ,04*4-( %201-
4*( 8&+*2, ,$ "6:2&)/*'& 4*+$ )"(*. A+ /7;:*+* 1+7*,* ,* (#$-
/*, (&<& ( /($7*, "8*'& /7;:* 1+*+;0 ± 3*4 ,* ,04*4-( 4$,,"4 ±
4$0+$ 3-7($,*<*2,$ ,& $:2&/*# /$%7&. J,"8*,"&+$ 8" %&'& 37"-
4$(*,$ ( %7*+0+* " 1&1+7"+& 1 %&2" /7&#", 4$"+$ 1,$(0#* 8&)/;
1:7*/"+&. =$(/":,*# 1& ,* 37-1+", 6* /* ("/0 1 4*4($ 1& 6*,"8*-
(*+. U"("0+ 32&+, 4$?+$ $:7*)/*'& '4$2*+*, 8" 37&<&'&.
>04-/& $+ ("1$4$+$ ( 32*,",*+* 1& 3$0(" 1(&+2",&, 2-<. =$
,&:$ %*(,$ 1& 32-6,* &/,* )&,*. !0 %&'& 1+7$?,*, $%2&<&,* 3$
$%C*+* 8$/* ± ( %02* /7&#*, 104*' "6+-4*,* $+ 1(&+2",*. 5&'&
,*?-47*1"(*+* )&,*, 4$0+$ ,04$:* %0# (")/*2. >$ 4$24$+$ 3$(&-
<& 0 ,*%2R/*(*# $+ 7*61+$0,"&, ,*7*1+(*'& " ;1&C*,&+$ 8", <&
+$(* 1-C&1+($ 8$)& /* ,& & $+ )&,14" 3$2.
231
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
S&7:*,* ,*37*(" <;/$+$ " 8& 47-1+". I*4*7 /* 6,*&#, <& 1"2"+&
,& $%"<*+ /* "8 1& ,*+7*3(*+, 37$/-2)"# /* 603*8. . 8"12"+& 1"
14-10(*# (1& 3$(&<& 7*61+$0,"&+$. O/,$ $+ 1-C&1+(*+* 1& (+$7*-
<" ( 8&,. W1&+"# 12*% :-/&2 3$ 12-,<&("0 132"+.
5&'& (7&8& /* :" $1+*(0 ,* 8"7*.
B*:2&/*# 1& $C& 3$-,*:$7& ( 32*,",*+*. 5*24*,-+ 4*+$ <& 1&
"6("10(*'& 3$-%2"6$ /$ %02$+$ ,&%&. =$:2&/,*# " 4-8 .7&/,*
:$7*. !0 1-C$ 4*+$ <& %&'& 3$-:$208*. P 3$2&+$ 8&)/; 32*,","-
+& %&'& 3$-37$1+$7,$. . (6"7*,& 8$)&# /* $:2&)/*8 (104$ 801+$
4*+$ 1 %",$4-2. 9$24$+$ " /* +-71&#, +*4* " ,& ("/0# *1H*2+"7*-
," 3-+"C*, 1+-2%$(& ,* /*2&4$37$($/" "2" ,04$& $+ 3$6,*+"+&
1&2"C*. F&'"#, <& J*2", 8& & 6*(&2 ( 8,$:$ 1+*7" (7&8&,*.
Y&'& /* 1& $4*)&, <& (1& 3*4 :7&'*.
± E* 4*7*8& 3$7&/∀ ± 3$3"+* "13$2",-+.
9$:*+$ 4"8,*#, +$? 8& 3$4*," /* +7-:,&8 4-8 '4$2*+*. E$4*-
+$ "64*<(*#8& 4*8&,,"+& 1+-3*2* ,* 1(&+"2"C&+$, 1*8 6*/*(*'&
(-37$1"+&, 4$"+$ 37&2"(*#* $+ +$7%*+* 8". P 12&/ +$(* "8 $+:$-
(*70'&:
± 9*4 1& %0#8& 3$%7*2" ( 8*24*+* 4$2&1,"@*∀ J7&8&+$ " 37$-
1+7*,1+($+$ 1* ( 8"12"+& ,* <$(&4*. P 4*4+$ 8$)&' /* 1" @*7
"2" 7$% ( 8"12"+& 1", +-? 8$)&' /* 1" (&2"4*, "2" 3$-1"+&, $+
8;'"@*. J7&8&+$ " 37$1+7*,1+($+$ 1* 1-1+$0,"0, $+7*)&,"0 ,*
J&<,$1++*.
I-2<*#, 6*:2&/*, $+(-/ 3$7+*2* ,* 1(&+"2"C&+$.
± !$(*, 4$&+$ (")/*', & 3$/$%"& ,* $,$(*, 4$&+$ %&'&. >$
+$(* +;4 &, 4$&+$ C& %-/& " /$2; 12&/ =$12&/,"+& /,". 9-/&+$ &
+&42$, 3*4 C& +&<&. D C& +&<& 3$-7*62"<,$. 5&6 (1"<4*+* 3$+*?-
,$1+ " ,&/$82-(4"+&. 5&6 1+7*/*,"0+*. >&7*(,"+& 3-+"C* C& 1&
"6:2*/0+, C$8 1(-7'" +-8,*+* &3$#* " 12-,@&+$ 1& $%2&<& ( %02$.
± B,*<", 1&:* 18& ( %-/&C&+$∀
± !;4, ( *1+7*2,"0 1(0+, 4$?+$ & 37-( $+ :7&',*+* 6&80, 8"-
,*2$, ,*1+$0C& " %-/&C& 1* 4*+$ &/,$. F&4$# 1", <& C& "14*' /*
("/"' %-/&C&+$, 6*+$(* " +;4 +& /$(&/$#. J &/", $+ ,&:$("+&
$+706-@" $+ (7&8&. !$6" 1(0+ & ,* 8,$:$ ,"(*. !;4 & &/,$ $+ 3$-
:$7,"+&, 4$"+$ $%:7-C*+ :7&',*+* 6&80... E* 1& ,& <;/"', <&
(1"<4$ +" 1& (")/* 3$-:$208$, 17*(,&,$ 1 3$6,*+$+$ /$2;.
± 9*4($ "8* ,* 3$-/$2,"+& ,"(*∀
± S&7:*,* +" & 4*6(*2*. >*?-/$2; )"(&0+ ,"6'"+& /;#$(&. !&
1* 3$-%2"6$ /$ +(-7/*+* 6&80 " +;? & &/,* $+ 37"<","+& 6* 62$-
+$. F&4$#, <& C& "14*' /* 3$<,&8 7*6#$/4*+* $+ 3$-:$7,$ ,"($.
233
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
± B*C$ 1* 0 ,*37*("2"∀
± Y& 1& 3"+*8&. Y& 37&47*<"' ( /($7* 1*8$ *4$ <;0 &/,$ $+
8,$:$+$ T 6,*<&,"0.
± P *4$ ,& 8$:*∀
± Y& 6,*<", <& 18& 1& "62-:*2" 6* +&%.
± W<"+&2R, '&:;(*' 1&, ,*2"∀ =*4 "63"+"...
J*2", 8& :2&/*'& 1+7$:$. >*37*6,$ $<*4(*# $<"+& 8; /* 3$-
4*)*+, <& 1& '&:;(*. A6-7+*# 1& 4*+$ ;<&,"4, 4$?+$ ,& 1" & 3$/-
:$+("2 /$8*',$+$. A+4-8 @(&+,*+* $:7*/*, 4$0+$ $3*1(*'& /($7*
,* '4$2*+*, /$?/& ';8. =-7($,*<*2,$ 3$8"12"#, <& ,04$? %7*+
1& & 147"2 " 8" 3$/14*6(*. S7&'*#. .*8"+& @(&+0 '&3+0#*.
F&<+* "8 %&'& 4*+$ 37$(2*<&," 6*42",*,"0. >$ +& :$($7&#*!
D13$2",-+ ,& 1(*20'& 1+7$:"0 1" 3$:2&/ $+ 8&,. B* /* ,& :$
7*6$<*7$(*8, ,$ " 1&%& 1", 7*61-)/*(*# ,* :2*1. >"+$ /$2;, ,"+$
:$7&, 8$)&'& /* "8* 12;<*?,$1+". 50# 47*&, 8"7$+($7&@, 3-4 "
W<"+&20 ,& %" 3$/<&7+*2 +$4;-+*4*, <& <$(&4 ,08* 37*($ /* 8-<"
,"4$:$ " ,"C$. J*)&'& 6* (1"<4" 37$0(2&,"0 ,* 5$:* ± " 6*
/7&%,"+& %;%$2&<4", " 6* 8$:-C"+& 12;:" ,* 87*4* 17&/ #$7*+*.
O/", 4$,,"4 ,* 1(&+2"+& 1"2" ,& %" 8-<"2 "2" ;%"(*2 /7;:$
1-C&1+($, %"2$ +$ /"( " $6-%&, 6(07. .3$8,"# 1" " /7;:$. J $:-
,&,*+* 4$2&1,"@* W<"+&20+ 7&<&, <& 1-8 ⊗3*/,*2 $+ 4$,0≥. .2;<-
(*2$ 1& 3$ =-+0 ,* (1&4" ;<&,"4.
9*6*#, <& 1+*+;0+* ,* 4$,,"4* & =-+0+ ,* ;<&,"4* ( :7&',"0
1(0+. F*6%"7*'& 1& " $+ 68&0, 4$?+$ $2"@&+($70(*'& (1"<4" ,"6-
'" /;#$(& " 1(-76*,"+& 1 +0# 3$7$@" " 6*%2;/". >"+$ &/", &2&-
8&,+ $+ @02$1+,*+* 4$83$6"@"0 ,& +70%(*'& /* 1& +-24;(* %;4-
(*2,$. .7*(,"# 4$3"&+$ 1 7*6;8* " 8-/7$1++* ,* ;<&,"4*, <7&6
4$"+$ +$? 8$)& /* ,*/("& 6(07*, ,"6'"+& 1+7*1+" " 1+7*#$(&+&.
]6/"+& %0#* 2R%$(+* 4-8 5$:*, 4$0+$ "6/":* &6/*<* ,*:$7&. 9$-
,0+ 8$)&'& /* 1& +-24;(* 4*+$ ($20+* 6* "67*1+(*,&.
9;<&+$... D %&6 ,&:$ 1+*+;0+* 8" 1& ("/0 1-(-7'&,*.
!-48$ C0# /* 4*)*, <& ,08*8 4*4($ 3$(&<& /* /$%*(0, 4$:*+$
1" 13$8,"#, <& 8*24"+& >/B? 1* :$2&8" C/53. B*4$,. U"($+,"+&
,& :$($70+, ,$ 6,*0+ 8,$:$, 6*C$+$ $%C;(*+ ,*37*($ 1 5$:*. P4$
&6/*<-+ 3*/,&, 4;<&+$ 3-7($ %" 1& 37"+&42$ ,* 3$8$C. !$ C&
$%2")& 7*,"+& ,* ;<&,"4*, C& :$ "62&4;(*, C& 8; %-/& 8-2<*-
2"(, ,04*4 ,&("/"8 /7;:*7. .-%7*# 18&2$1+ " $37"2"<"# 4;<&+$
,* ,&("/"8"+& 1-R6,"@", %/0C" 6* ;<&,"4*.
± !$(* & ± 1(-7'"# 1 +-24;(*,&+$.
J*2", 8-2<&'&.
235
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
4*4+$ J&2"4*+* D1+",* & "147* .(&+2",*, 4-8 4$0+$ (&<,$ 1&
1+7&80+ 37$%;/&,"+&. D +-?, /* ,& 3"'&' 4*4($ 1& 37*(" +;4, ,*
/($7*! >& +" & /*/&,$ /* 3"'&' " 4*4($ ("/0 3$ ("1$4$+$. E;8*
/* ,& $%&2(*' 6* :7*/&)"+& ( 3$2&+$ " #(-7<*C$+$ ( ,&%&+$! Y&
3"'&' 8*24$, 4$24$+$ /* 6*3*2"' A:-,0 ( /;'"+& ,* %7*+0+*
37&/ 37$%;)/*,&. . 8*24$ 1& 3$1+":* 8,$:$. P4$ ,&C$ ,& (-7-
'" 7*%$+* ( 8*24" 4$2"<&1+(*, ,08* /* 0 1(-7'" " ( :$2&8" 4$-
2"<&1+(*. D +$(* & B*4$,.
>08*8 37&/1+*(* 4$24$ ;32*'&, " $%-74*, 1-8 "6:2&)/*2.
J&7$0+,$ 8,$:$, 6*C$+$ W<"+&20+ 8" 3$%-76* /* $%01,":
± E$2; "8* %&6;8@", 4$"+$ C& 1" 7&4*+, <& *4$ 12$)*+ 47*?
,* )"($+* 1", C& /$?/*+ +;4 3$ 37&4"0 3-+. Y& "8 7&<&' /* 1&
,& 2-)*+! !-? C& "8 ,*3"'&': ⊗=704 3-+ /$+;4* ,08*!≥ =-+0+
4-8 ("1$4$+$, 4-8 12-,@*+* " D1+",*+*, & 47"($2"<&C... 9*+$
68"0, 4$0+$ 1& ;("(* 3$ /-7($. .+$ 3-+" :$ 3"'", ,$ /* 6,*0+, <&
=-+0+ & 8-<&,! =7&4"0+ 3-+ & /$ ,"6'"+& /;#$(&. !*8 37&1+$0+
& 47*+-4. Y$8 1& 7$/0+ $+,$($, 3*4 C& 1& 8-<*+, /$4*+$ $%"4,*+
U"($+*. 9$?+$ ,& $%"<* U"($+*, /$ 5$:* ,& 1+":*... !-? C& "8
7&<&' "67"<,$!
J&<& %0#8& 37&/ &/,* $+ %&2"+& 3$1+7$?4" ± &/",1+(&,*+* %&6
37$6$7@". J#$/-+ %&'& +&1&, ± 0(,$ +70%(*'& /* 1& 37$8;'* 1
7*8$ ,*37&/. A+/*2&<& 6*3$/$670#, <& ( +$(* "8* 1"8($2"4*.
J*2", 7&<&:
± Y& <&+&' $+ 9,":*+*. A%&C*#8& +".
± J-+7& & +-8,$.
± Y& 1" ,*%*("' .(&+2",* ± ;18"#,* 1& 6*:*/-<,$ +$? " $+-
,$($ 7064$ 1+*,* 1+7$:: ± E$4$:* C& 1& $6-7+*' 4*+$ 47*/&@∀
± B*7*/" %7*+0+*. S2&/*8 :", <& %2*:$:$(&0+ 37&/ +&%&, " +$(*
,& 8& "6,&,*/(*. >$ 3$<+" +*4* :2&/*+ " 8&,. [&1+,$ /* 1" 4*)*,
8*24$ 1& 18;C*(*8...
± >08* $+ 4*4($.
± 9*4($ 7*%$+0 +;4∀
± Y& 7*6%&7&'. E$2; 1" 8*2-4. !-? /* 1" $1+*,&! 57*+0+* +&
:2&/*+ +*4* 3$ &/,* 37"<",*: +" 3$& 12;)%*, 4$0+$ ,"4$? /7;: ,&
3$)&2*.
M"<&'&, <& ($/*<-+ 8" ,& )&2*& /* $%1-)/*8& +*6" +&8*.
>$ 2R%$3"+1+($+$ 8" ,*//&20 " 3$3"+*#:
± Y& 1& 137*(0 2" 1 (1"<4$∀
D13$2",-+ 37&37&<" (#$/* 1 +02$+$ 1".
D +*4* 8& 3$:2&/,*, <& "6(-7,*# 6*17*8&,$ $<".
239
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
± 39 ±
. )&1+ "13$2",-+ 8" /*/& 6,*4 /* (206* 37&/" ,&:$.
E$4*+$ 1& 37$8;'(*# 1+7*,"<,$ 37&6 +&1,"0 37$@&3, ,*37&/
("/0# &/", %7*+ ± 1+$&'& 4*+$ ,* 3$1+ " :2&/*'& ,04-/& (1+7*-
,". Y$8 8& 6*%&206*, 3$3"+* ,04$:$ /*2" (&<& 8$)& /* +7-:(*.
A+:$($7 ,& <;#, ,$ 17&%7"1+*+* ,"'4*, 4$0+$ 1& 3$/*(*'& 3$/
:-7/"+& 8;, 1& "6/-2)", 1+7&2,* 1& ,*37&/ 4*+$ ($/,* 1+7;0 "
"6<&6,*. A+ %7*+* $1+*,* 1(&+2$ 3&+,$, 4$&+$ %*(,$ 1& 1+$3" (
1;87*4*.
I$)& %" ,04-/& /$2; 1& %&'& 1-%;/"2...
240
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
1", <& .(&+2",*+* & $+ 1(&C"! I"12" 4$24$ 1(&C"@" %"#* #(-7-
202" +*4*(* .(&+2",*. 9$24$ 1* :$2&8" " 4*4 7*63$2$)&,"...
J$/*<-+ 8" %&'& 4*+&:$7"<&,, <& C& 1& 3$2;<" 1*8$ *4$ 1-8
1-17&/$+$<&, " ,& 7*67&)/*8 8"12"+& 1" 1-1 1-8,&,"0. >& 3$8-
,0 4$24$ (7&8& $+,&, ,$ 37&/ 6*+($7&,"+& 8" 42&3*<" 6*+7&34*#*
1(&+2",4"+& ,* 32*8-<&+* " 14$7$ ;1&+"# %$7$("0 "8 *7$8*+.
A+($7"# $<". !7"+& 8" 1(&C" 1+$0#* (-7#; 4*8-4*. E(& %0#*
$+ /(&+& 1+7*," ,* 6*+($7&,*+* 9,":*. O/,* 3$ 17&/*+* /$ :$7,"0
T 7-%. I$)& " &2$#"8-+ /* %&'& 3$8$:,*2, 6* /* 3$(07(*8.
± E$2; +$(* & ,&(-68$),$!
.-1 18&#* 1" J*2", 3$4*6*, <& :7&'*. !$? $%01,0(*'&...
Y$8 @&2"+& 1* ("1$4", 17&/1+(*+* ,04*4 1*8" "/(*2". J*)*2$
" 6* 3*7"+&. !& /*)& ,& %"2" 17&/1+(* 6* @&2"+&, * 3$-14$7$ +0#-
,* 37",*/2&),$1+, *+7"%;+. D13$2",-+ ,*3$8," B*4$,*, <& *4$
,&C$ ,& ,$1" C*1+"& ( 8*24" 4$2"<&1+(*, ,08* /* 37$8&," (-+-
7&',*+* 1" 1+$?,$1+ /*)& *4$ 1& ,*8"7* ( "6$%"2"&. D $%7*+,$,
/$7" 7*67&/&,$+$ 1-/-7)*,"& ,* &/,* %"24* 8$)&2$ /* "6@&2"
/*/&,* %$2&)4*. >$ #$7*+* %"2" 12&3" ± +-71&2" C*1+"&+$ +*8,
4-/&+$ :$ ,08*. 5-74*2" C*1+"&+$ 1 ;/$%1+(*+* " 6*%*(2&,"0+*.
5$: %"2 C&/-7 " 1& 7*6/*(*2, * .",$(&+& $+ ,&("/"8"+& 1(&-
+$(& ,*7&)/*2" %2*:*+* 4*+$ 1+-3*2* 6* 8*24"+& 1" %7*+0. .+":*,
7*6%"7* 1&, /&@*+* /* 6,*0+ 4*4($ "14*+ " ;3$7"+$ /* 37$+0:*+
7-@& ,*:$7&; 1+":* #$7*+* ⊗/$2;≥ /* 3$4*)*+ ,&/(;18"12&,$, <&
1& 1+7&80+ /* :$ /$1+":,*+.
!($7<&1+($+$ 1 8"12" 8" 1& 3$,7*(". M"31(*'& 8" ;R+.
A+,$($ 6*+($7"# $<" " ,& 12&/ /-2:$ "6:$,"# 87*4* $+ 1+*0+*
1 /(* 17&/,$(&4$(," 1(&+"2,"4*, 4$"+$ 1" 37&/1+*("# $+ /(&+&
1+7*," ,* 1"("0 4*8-4. J*2", 8-2<&'&. J1& 3*4 +70%(*'& /* 1&
137*. >04*4 ",+;"+"(,$ 6,*&#, <& ( 1-+($7&,"&+$ ;<*1+(*+ ,&("-
/"8" 1"2", 4$"+$ (1&4" 8": 8$)&#* /* 8" (7-<*+ 18&+4*+* 6*
1($"+& ;12;:". >* 1(&+2$ (&<& 8$)&# /* 1& 6*#(*,* 1 <&+&,&+$.
A:2&/*# 9,":*+*, %&6 /* 1& /$4$1(*8 /$ ,&0. !0 %&'& $%&-
8"1+*, 1 /&%&2" 4$7"@" $+ :2*/-4 %2*:$7$/&, 8&+*2 " 1-'"+* 1
04" 4*H&,"4*(" 4$,@". >08*'& ,"+$ 6*:2*("&, ,"+$ "8& ,* *(-
+$7. >*3$/$%0(*'& 1%$7,"4 $+ 7*6," ="1*,"0. W<"+&20+ 7&<&,
<& C& 8& $1+*(" 1*8, /$4*+$ T 1& ,*1"+0. D 8& 37&/;37&/":
± E*/&,$ +" & /* <&+&' 6* $+8",*2" /,". =$12;'*? %7*+* 1",
6* +($& /$%7$ C& +" 7&4* /* ,& <&+&' ,*37&/! I2*/ 1" " /"(, ,&
C& 7*6%&7&' 1(-7'&4* ,* =$12&/,"+& /,". E*/&,$ +" & 8*24$ /*
<&+&', 4$24$+$ 6* 3-7(* 4,":*. =7&2"1+(*? ,*6*/ " 1& ;<" $+
242
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
/* & 1":;7&,, <& ,08* /* 8; 1& "632-6,& 3*4, 1+7&20 ( 47*4* 8; "
:$ 3$/4*7* $%7*+,$ 4-8 #")*+*.
± G& 8" %0:* +$?! ± 7-8)&'& /7;:$1&2&@-+. ± B,*8 *6, <&
,08* /* 8",&' 3$ 8$1+* (+$7" 3-+...
.&20,",-+ (37&:,* '$HV$7* ,* 7*%$+*. >*4*7* :$ /* ,*7*8"
+7;3* ,* %"6,&18&,* " 3$&#* ,* 6*3*/. =7&4$1"#* 6*4-+*,* 3$20-
,*, ,*17&/ 4$0+$ "8*'& 1*8$+,$ /-7($ ± ,"'*,-+, "6/024*, (-7-
#; 4$7*+* 8;, %2&1+&'& 3$/ 2;,,"+& 2-<"; 7*630+"&+$ 104*' 1&
37$+0:*'& 6* 3$8$C 4-8 8-/7$1++* ,* D6+$4*.
E7;:$1&2&@-+ "6:2&/* 6,*4* 1-1 18-+,$ 3$/$67&,"&.
>$ 8"12"+& 8; %0#* 3$(&<& 6*&+" 1 32&,,"4*:
± G& 1& 1-8,& %&... J7-(" 3$-%7-)&!
9$? 1 ,*4;@(*,&, 8$2%" " 32*<, 4$? 1 7;:*+," " 6*4*," ± ,&
12&/ /-2:$ "64*<"#* O(7&?14$+$ 4*2&. .370#* 1& <*4 37&/ /;3-
4*+* +*8. P +0 6* 4$? 2" 3-+ ("&'& 62$(&C$ ± +$24$(* +-8,$
%&'&, <& $<&7+*,"0+* T ,"4*4 ,& 1& (")/*#*. E7;:$1&2&@-+ 6*3$-
(0/* ,* '$HV$7* /* #(-72" +7;3* ( ,&,*1"+,$+$ :-72$. A,6" :$
/$1+7*'* " 07$1+,$ (-67*6" ± +$(* 8; %&'& 3$12&/,*+* :7&'4*.
M$(/)"?14*+* 3;'4* :7-8,*.
.4$7$ 3$12&/(* /(*+* +7;3* ( %&6/-,,*+* 3*1+.
.2&/"+& $+ 4;7%*,* ( #")*+* %-76$ %0#* 3$47"+". >* /7;:$-
1&2&@* 8; 1& ("/0 7*6<"1+&,$, /*)& 8,$:$ ± 104*' @":*," 1*
(2"6*2" /* 47*/*+. D6,&1& 7*/"$+$, 3$1;/*+* " ,*+7$'&,"+& 1+$-
2$(&, 12&/ 4$&+$ :" 6*3$4"+" 3$ 3;C",*@"+&. 9-7(*($+$ 3&+,$
:$ 37"+&1,", ,$ 6*+($7" (7*+*+* " +$ 3$+-,* ( 87*4. A1+*(" (&1+-
,"@"+& 3$ 37$6$7@"+& ± *4$ ,04$? 3$/,"<* $+(-,, /* ,& 8$)& /*
$:2&)/* (-+7&. D 1& 6*8"12" ( 4$& 1&2$ " ( <"0 32&(,0 /* "6+7&6-
,&&. F&'", <& C& +70%(* /* 8",& (7&8&, 37&/" /* 1& 3$0(" 3*4 (
P,+$, ± 8$)& %" +$:*(* /7;:*7"+& 8; ,08*'& /* $%(",0(*+ 1*8$
,&:$; 8$)&'& " /* 1& 37*(0+, <& ,"C$ ,& 1& & 12;<"2$. 5&'& ;%&-
/&,, <& & 8-/7$ (1"<4" /* 1& 37*(0+ ,* ;2*(". =$ 1($? 1" ,*<",
1+":,* /$ 37$67&,"&+$, <& ,"4$? ,& +-71" "1+","+&, 6*C$+$ 1*
+(-7/& 1+7*',".
± G& 7*6%&7& ,04$?... ± :$($7&'& 1" /7&%,"0+ 8-/7&@. ± E7;:
3-+! ∝.&4" /&, 1& +7&3*+, $+(2"<*+ 6* $+4;3... >"4$? ,08* /* "8
H*,& 12&/"+&... >&4∂ 1" :" /"70+!
P 4*+$ 1& 6*8"12", <& " 6* 8&, %"2 ,*37*("2 4;7%*,* ± 6* /*
8& $+8-1+" ± 6*+($7"# 9,":*+* " 1& $+/7-3,*# 47*<4* ,*6*/.
^
247
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
± 40 ±
."2,*+* 1(&+2",* 1& 7*67&/". =7&/ 8&, 1& $%7*6;(* ,&C$ 4*+$
$+($7. E"*8&+-7-+ 8; %&'& 4$24$+$ 7-1+* 8" " 8$)&# /* :2&/*8
,*(-, 4*+$ 37&6 "2R8",*+$7. . "13$2",* %0#8& 37*(" " 1& "6/"-
:*#8& ,*("1$4$.
J*2", %&'& 6*8"12&, " 4*+$ <& 3$/%"7*'& /;8":
± F&4$# /* +& 3"+*8 6* N*71+($+$ 5$)"&...
± 9*4($ 6* ,&:$∀
± 9*4 +" 1& (")/*∀
± =*4 "63"+, ,*2"∀ >08*8 37*($ /* /*(*8 $@&,4*. D 37&@&,4*
$C& ,& 8$:* /* ,*37*(0. W<"+&2R, ,& ("/0# 8,$:$. P 4*4+$ ,&
/*(*' /* 3"'* (1"<4$, C& "8* 8,$:$ 7*6$<*7$(*,". >*?-(&<& 6*
+$(*, <& +;4 6/7*(*+* 1& 7*%$+". =$(&<&+$ #$7* /$2;, *4$ "6$%C$
,04*4 1" 37&/1+*(0+ N*71+($+$ 5$)"&, 1" 8&<+*0+ 6* 1(0+, "63-2-
,&, 1 $($C," /7-(<&+*, 4$"+$ /*(*+ @&2$:$/"',$ 32$/$(&... J
42$,"+& "8 1& $%*)/*+ 12*/4$3$?," 3+"<4", * ( ,"14$+$ ,* '*-
7&,* 10,4* 1& "62&)*(*+ 37*(&/,"+& 3$+$8@" ,* P/*8 " O(*. >*-
12*)/*(*+ 1& ,* %2*)&,$ %&6/&2"&, /$4*+$ *,:&2"+& 1& ,*/37&-
(*7(*+ /* "8 1&7("7*+ 3"+"&+*...
O2$#"8-+ 8" %2*:$/*7" 6* '&:*+*.
± F&4$# /* ("/"' $C& 8*24$, <& /* 7*61&&' 6*%2;/"+&.
± 9*4, 12&/ 4*+$ ,& /*(*' /* 3"'* 3$<+" ,"C$∀
± Y& +" 7&4* 4$& +" & /*/&,$. O/,$ C& 3"'&' ,*37*($. E7;:$
C& 6*:*+,&'. >04$" +*?," C& $1+*("' 8&)/; 7&/$(&+&. A37&/&-
2&,$ & 4$24$ ,*7$/ C& 1& $1(&1+" "... C& 1(&+,& $+(-+7&.
A:,&,*+* 4$2&1,"@* 1& "6/":,* /$ %"2$+$ ,* 5*24*,*.
J*2", 37&/2$)" /* 1&/,&8. !*4* " ,*37*("#8&, &/", /$ /7;:,
1 47-1+$1*," 47*4*. =$& %&6';8,$ ( 3$1$4*+*, 4$0+$ 13$7&/
3$6,*+"+& 8&1+,$1+" $37&/&2"# 4*+$ "6+$4. M&+0#8& ,*/ 3$2&+$,
4$&+$ 8" 1& ("/0 ,&;6,*(*&8$. >& 1*8$ 6*C$+$ %&'& 3$-'"7$4$.
=$6,*+"+& 1&2*, 4$"+$ 37"&8*# 6* /*/&,$1+, :" ,08*'&. D8*'&
/$8$(& ± ,& & 4*+$ /* ,08*'& 1-(1&8 ± ,$ %0#* 8*24", %&2", 8$)&
251
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
8$(& ,* 37*(&/,". >$, +*4* 8" 1& 1+$7", +(-7/& %-76$ 1+":,*#8&
/$ (+$7" :7*/. !$? 1& ,*8"7*'& /$ 8$7&+$. S$208 :7*/, ,$ %&6
37"1+*,"C*.
± 9$? & +$6" :7*/∀ ± 3$3"+*#.
± >& :$ 6,*&'.
± >* 801+$+$ ,* 5;7:*1∀
D13$2",-+ 37&/3$<&+& /* 3$4*)&, (8&1+$ /* $%01,0(*. D6/":-
,*#8& 1& 8,$:$ ("1$4$. P4$ %0# "637*(&, " 1& ,*8"7*# ( +2&,,$-
+$ 1" +02$, 8$)& %" C0#* /* 8" 1& 3$/4$10+ 47*4*+* $+ :2&/4*+*.
S7*/-+ %&'& 37"%2"6"+&2,$ +*8, 4-/&+$ /,&1 & P?+$1.
± P4$ $3"'* +$(*, C& "8* %7$)&,"&!
>* R: 8$7&+$ %&'& (6&2$ /$7" 3$(&<& $+ 1;'*+*. >$(*+* "6-
+$<,* :7*,"@* ,* %-2:*714"+& 6&8" %&'& ,&;6,*(*&8*.
± F&<" "8 /* ,& 1& 32*'*+. J$/*+* ,08* /* $+,&8& +*6" +(-7/
$+ %-2:*7"+&. Y& "8* 37$8&,", ,$ 3$-,*37&/ ( 1-6,*,"&+$ ,*
#$7*+*. 5-2:*7"+& C& 1" 37"3$8,0+ 6*%7*(&, ;7$4 $+ +;7@"+&. P
+;7@"+& " 3$(&<& :-7@"+& C& ,*;<*+ (1&8"7,"0 B*4$,, <& 4$?+$
2"'*(* <;)/ ,*7$/ $+ ;12$("0 6* 7*6("+"&, :;%" " 1($0+* 6&80.
=$,&<"# /* 3$"14*8 3$01,&,"0.
D67*)&,"&+$ ,* J*2", 47*1,$7&<"($ 3$4*6(*'&, <& ,& 8" &
/*/&,$ /* 6,*8 3$(&<&. 9$2&1,"@*+* ,*37*(" $1+-7 6*($? " 3$& (
$%7*+,* 3$1$4*. =*4 1& "6/":*#8&. .2&/ ,$(* 180,* ,* 3$1$4*+*
37&2&+0#8& ,*/ 5*24*,* " 8,$:$ /*2&<& ,*37&/ 37$%201(*'&
E;,*( 4*+$ /-2:* 17&%7"1+* ,"'4*.
W<"+&20+ 7&<&:
± F&4*+* C& 137& S$: " I*:$: ( 3$#$/* "8 37&/" 97*0 ,* +-8-
,*+* &3$#*. D <*4 +$:*(* 12&3"+& %*24*,14" ,*7$/", 4$"+$ 1* 1&
7*6/&2"2" ( 3$ /(& /-7)*(", C& 1* 37",;/&," /* 1& 1&+0+, <& 1*
%7*+0. D637*(&," 37&/ 6*32*#*+*, C& $%7*6;(*+ A1+7$(* ,* 1($&-
+$ 13*1&,"&. P ,&8@"+& 13*1&,"&+$ 1" ,* D, C& /-2)*+. B* +0#
1-C$ & $+7&/&,$ (&2"4$ %-/&C&, ,$ " +& "8* /* 1+7*/*+.
± !$(* 8$)& 2" /* :$ ,*3"'*∀
± F&<" "8, <& N*71+($+$ 5$)"& C& & 6* +&6", 4$"+$ )"(&0+ (
,*1+$0C&+$ 1-1 1(&+2" 8"12" 6* %-/&C&+$... [$(&4, 4$?+$ )"(&&
( ,&01,$+"+& ,* 8",*2$+$, C& $1+*,& 1 (&#+* /7&#*. B* ,&:$ ,08*
/7&#* $+ .(&+2",*.
M&+0#8& ,* 6*3*/.
5$+;'-+ ,* D+*2"0 4*+$ <& %&'& 6*:*6"2 ,*/-2%$4$.
± I,$6",* $+ +0# C& 3$17&C,*+ %02$+$ 12-,@& 3$ :7-@4"+&
$1+7$(" ± 4*6* J*2",, 37&/" /* 1-8 6*/*2 (-37$1* 1". ± E$4*+$
253
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
S$: " I*:$: (-7(0+ ,* 6*3*/, ( =$12&/,"+& /," B*3*/-+ $C& C&
1& /(")" ,* "6+$4. >*7$/"+& C& 1" 7*6<"1+0+ ,*+7;3*,"+& 18&+-
4" " C& %-/& ,*?-:$208$+$ "63"+*,"& 6* 37*(&/,"+&...
.+":,*#8& /$ ,$($+$ 47*?%7&)"& ,* A41"+*,"0.
!*8, 4-/&+$ ,04$:* %&'& :7*/-+, ( 4$?+$ "6:$7"#* /&+&+$ 8", (
%-/&C& C& & 6*2"( ,* 8$7&. S7&',*+* 6&80, 3$ 4$0+$ 1& 1+"<*#*
7&4" $+ 47-(+* ,* <"1+"+&, 1"7&< 4*+*7"+&, ( N*71+($+$ 5$)"& C&
1& 8"& $+ ($/*+* ,* &6&7*. !*4* %&'& ( @02* R),* A41"+*,"0,
,* 8&1+* " <*4 /$ N&,+7*2,"0 8*1"(. P ,* 6*3*/ $4&*,-+ %&'&
(6&2 $C& 3$(&<& $+ 1;'*+*.
J"/0# $+/*2&<& ="7",&"+& ± $:,&,*+* 4$2&1,"@* 1& ,*1$<"
,* 1&(&7. P4$ 37&/" +$(* 18& #$/"2" /7;:*/&, :;%" 8" 1&. >*(10-
4-/&, 4-/&+$ 37&2"+*#8&, *7#"+&4+;7,"0+ 1+"2 " 8$/*+* ( $%2&4-
2*+* %0#* &/,*4(". 5&'& 8" 2R%$3"+,$:
± B*C$ 4-C"+& 1* +$24$(* ,"14"∀
± 97*0+ ,* +-8,*+* &3$#* C& & 1 S$208 +7;1. S7*/&)", 3-+"-
C*, 8$1+$(&... J1"<4$ 1+*7$ C& 1" "/&. B&80+* C& 1& 8-<" /,"
,*7&/, ,$ $+ +&6" 8-4" C& 1& 7$/0+ 8,$:$ "1+",". P +&6", 4$"+$
C& ,*12&/0+ B&80+*, (&<& ,08* /* 1+7$0+ ("1$4$. Y& 3$26(*+ 1"-
2"+& ,* B&80+*, 6* /* /$1+":*+ ,&%&+$. J*("2$,14" 4;2" ,"4$8;
,& C& 1* ,;),". D 6,*? ± ,& +$24$(* 8$7&+*+* C& 1& 3$(/":,*+,
* 1;'* C& 3$+-(*! O(7$3* C& 3$+-(*, %*(,$, %*(,$... J")! !;4,
4-/&+$ %& P,:2"0, 1&:* & ($/*.
± 5$)& 8"2"!
± !*4* & $37&/&2&,$. D ,* L3$,"0 T 1(-7'(*+ /,"+&. !*8, $+
/7;:*+* 1+7*,* ,* B&80+*, C& "6,"4,& /7;: $1+7$( $+ ($/"+&. Y&
& ⊗>$($+$ 2"@& ,* B&80+* 37&/ 5$:*≥. Y& :$ ("/"'.
± P *,:2"<*,"+& 4-/& C& 1*∀
J*2", 1& 6*8"12" 4*4 /* $+:$($7".
± A+ +0#,*+* 6&80 C& 1& 7*637$1+7& ,&%"(*2$ 62$. Y& 3$(2&-
<& (1"<4" %&6;8@". Y& :" 3$/;<" %7*+ /* 0/& %7*+* 1". D C$ ,*-
7$/ C& 1& "6:;%" 37&/" S$2&8"0 +7;1! =7*(&/,"+& $+7*,$ :$ ;1&-
C*+, ,& 1 7*6;8, * 1-1 1-7@*+* 1". 50:*+, 4$? ,*4-/&+$ 1(*7". Y&
3"'&' 3$(&<& 6* +$(*, ,$ 3$-,*+*+-4.
I",* 8" 8"1-2 6* *,:2"<*,"+&, 4$"+$ 1& 6*1&2(*+ 3$ ,*'"+&
6&8" ± 6* +&#,"0 =-+ 4-8 12-,@&+$. W<"+&20+ 8& <&+&'& 4*+$ $+-
($7&,* 4,":*:
± 97-34" 1* +*4"(* 6* %-2:*714"0 ,*7$/. >*7$/"+&, 4$"+$ C&
$1+*,*+, C& 1& $%2&4*+ ( ,$(* /7&#*. B*4$, &. >& 8$)& <$(&4 /* &
1 ,$(* /7&#*, B&80+* /* & 1 ,$(* /7&#*, * ,*7$/"+& /* 1* :$2" "
254
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
%$1". 9*4($+$ :$7&, +*4$(* " /$2;. O/,*4($ & ,* (1"<4" ,"(*. Y&
7&<&', <& "8* 8-/7" 1"2". !& 6,*0+ ,* 4$? ,*7$/ 4*4(" 47-34"
1* ,;),". E* ,& 1" 3$1+*(0+ ;8* 6*/ 7&'&+4"! D /&1,"@* /* ,&
(/":*+ 17&C; $37&/&2&,$+$! P4$ 1" 12$)*+ 7&'&+4", "1+",14"
C& "8 +;70+. A+ +0# C& %$2"...
A%"4$24*+* ,* ,T(*+* 4*+$ <& 37"42R<". =$& $%7*+,$,
+$6" 3-+ ,*/ (-+7&',$1++* ,* O(7$3*. D8*'& %&2" '4$2" " 3$
P23"+&. 5$)" .",$(& 1-C$ ("/0#. =7&/" 5*24*,"+& 4$2&1,"@*-
+* 7064$ 6*(" ,* R:. .,"'*(*#8& 1&. M&+0#8& 3$ %"2*+* ,* P3&-
,",14"+& 32*,"," ± /$1+* $+ ,"14"+& $%2*1+" 47*? +0# C& 1*
3$/ ($/*. >$ ,* R:, 4-/&+$ /,&1 & !"7&,14$ 8$7&, %&'& "6,"4,*-
2* 1;'* ± $1+7$("+& .*7/","0, ."@"2"0 " 6&8"+& 3$/ :2&6&,* ,*
5$+;'* %0#* &/,$ @02$, 3$/$%,$ ,* 7*(,$1+7*,&, +7"-:-2,"4.
>*37&/ 1& '"7,*#* 13$4$?,"+& ($/" ,* .7&/"6&8,$ 8$7&.
=7&/ ,*1 +70%(*'& /* 1& 3$0(" PH7"4* ± ,04$0 2"%"?14* "2"
&:"3&+14* 3;1+",0. .3;1,*#8& 1& 3$<+" /$ 3$(-7#,$1++* ,* 8$-
7&+$ " +*?,$ 1" 3$)&2*# J*2", /* 8& ($/" 37" 3"7*8"/"+&. D1-
4*'& 8" 1& /* :" ("/0 (-61+*,$(&,", 1-1 1+*7*+* %02* $%2"@$(4*,
4$0+$ $+7*60(* 2-<"+& ,* %02$+$ 12-,@&. D13$2",-+ 8-2<&'&,
,"+$ 4*6* 4-/& $+"(*8&, ,"+$ /*/& 1-(&+ 4*4($ /* 3"'*, 6* /*
(/-#,* (07* ,* #$7*+*, 4$"+$ C0#* /* 1* ;32*'&," $+ %-/&C"0
$%2"4 ,* O(7$3*. B* ($/*<* 8", 4*4+$ " 6* $1+*,*2"+& ,&("/"8"
1"2", 1+7*/*,"0+* " ;)*1"+& ,* =$12&/,"+& /," 1" %0#* ( 7&/*
,* ,&C*+*. O/,$ ,&$%#$/"8$ ;12$("& 6* 37&<"1+(*,& ± 1+-34*
,*37&/. A+ +&6" 1+7*/*,"0 C&'& /* 1& 7$/" <"1+* 6&80, ,&3$7$<-
,*, ;37*(20(*,* 1 8-/7$1+ $+ .",$(& ,* .(&+2",*+*, " ,& 1*8$...
O(7$3&?@"+& C0#* /* %-/*+ $%&/",&,", ,$ ,& 3$/ 6,*8& 1-1
6(&6/&, 47-: %&6 3-2,&), * 3-2,&)-+ C&'& /* & %02$+$ 12-,@&,
$+7*60(*C$ 5$)"0+* 2R%$( %&6 37"8&1" ,* 3$4(*7*. J$/*<"+&
,* ,*7$/"+& C0#* /* 1* ,$(" #$7*, 4$"+$ 1(&+0+ $+(-+7&. D 4*4+$
C0# /* ,*;<* 14$7$, 1 ,$("+& +&2* 13$1$%,$1++* ,* (1"<4" #$7*
/* 1& /(")*+ "6 (1&8"7* ,08*'& /* & $:7*,"<&,*. E$7" /,&',"-
+& 4$18"<&14" 1$(*24" C0#* /* "6:2&)/*+ 4*+$ +&,&4"&," 4;+""
( 17*(,&,"& 1 $,$(*, 4$&+$ 5$: & $+7&/"2 6* /&@*+* 1", ;67&2" /*
1& ,*7&4*+ ,&:$(" .",$(&.
!-48$ 1& 37"+&1,"#, <& C& +70%(* /* ,*3"'* 6* 3$+-(*,&+$
,* @02* PH7"4*, 4$:*+$ J*2", 3$1$<" 3-7($ (20($, 12&/ +$(* "
(/01,$. .7&/"6&8,$ 8$7& ,*"1+",* %&'& 6*202$ 1&(&7,"+& <*1+"
,* 4$,+",&,+*. I$7&+$ ,*(2"6*'& /$1+* ,*(-+7&. J$/*+* %&'&
1-(-7'&,$ 37$67*<,*. =7&2"+*#8& ,"14$ " 3$:2&/-+ 8" 1& 32-6-
255
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
:*'& 3$ /-,$+$. .+$7" 8" 1& 32"+4$. D $+ /(&+& 1+7*," ,*/ 3$-
(-7#,$1++* 1& 3$/*(*#* $1+7$(" 1 :-1+* 7*1+"+&2,$1+. >& 12&/
/-2:$ /$1+":,*#8& " "("@" 1;'*, 6* 4$"+$, *4$ ,& 6,*&#, ,& %"#
37&/3$2$)"2, <& ,04$:* 1* %"2" 3;1+",". J %-/&C& C& 1* 1-C",-
14* 7*?14* :7*/",*.
± P4$ ,*3"'* 4*4($ (")/*8, 2$'$ C& 1+*,&.
± M-)&' 1& ± 7&<& J*2",.
!*8 ("/0# #$7*, ,*/ :2*("+& "8 37&2"+*#8&, ,$ +& 104*' %0#*
12&3" 6* 37&($6,$+$ ," 17&/1+($ " ,&+2&,,"+& ," +&2*. D ,& %0#*
( %&2" /7&#", 8*4*7 /* 1" "8*#* /$8$(&, 3$/$%," ,* +&6" 3$
P23"+& " ,* 5*24*,"+&. >"4-/& ,& 6*%&206*# 5$)" .",$(&...
± Y& 8& $%(",0+ ( 7*1"6-8.
± Y& 7&<&', <& +&6" C& 8",*+ 3$ /7;: =-+. !&#,"0+ D6($7 ,*
U"($+* & 1-C"0+. J1"<4" 3"&8 ($/* $+ ,&:$, ,$ 5$: 1& 37$0(0(*
( 8,$:$$%7*6"&+$. I,$6",* (&<& C& 6,*0+ 4*4($ 4*6(*'... .+7*#
/* ,08*'! Y& 3"'&' 3$6($2&,$+$, %&6 /* 1& %$"', <& ,08* /*
+" (07(*+... D2" <& C& :$ 3$26(*+ 37$+"( +&%. >& & 7&/,$ /* $%01-
,0(*' (1"<4$, * +;?, 4$&+$ 8$)&'.
A:,&,*+* 4$2&1,"@* ,*37*(" 6*($?. J-7,*#8& 1& ,*/ .7&/"-
6&8,$ 8$7&. . :2*($6*8*?(*C* 14$7$1+ 1& 3$,&1$#8& ,*/ ($/"+&
8; 4-8 +$(*, 4$&+$ 6,*&# 4*+$ "6+$4. A+<&+$# 6*4$,$8&7,$1+ ±
4$:*+$ 37&2"+*#8& ,*/ 1;'*+*, 12&/(*#8& 32*,",14"+& %"2*. P
4$:*+$ 3$/ ,*1 %&'& ($/*, %0#8& 1-(1&8 %2"6$ ,*/ ,&0. >*/ ($-
/*+* 14$7$1++* ,* 4$2&1,"@*+* %&'& 3$-:$208*. B*C$ %&'& +*4* ±
/* 4*)*+ 37$H&1$7"+&!
>&C$ $+ 7*6#$/4*+* 8" 1& :;%". >& 6,*8 6*C$ 3$3"+*#:
± Y& ("/0 2" ,$("0 Z&7;1*2"8∀
± !" 1" :$ (")/*2. D ,$("0, " 1+*7"0.
± >& 3$8,0.
± !70%(* /* 3$%-76*8&. 9*8%*,"+& 14$7$ C& 6*3&0+. S&7:*,*
"2" Z&7;1*2"8∀
± S&7"! ± 4*6*#, %&6 /* 1& 6*8"120 " %&6 /* 1-)*20(*8.
± >$("0+ Z&7;1*2"8 C& $1+*,& 6* 12&/(*C"0 3-+. .&:* "8
7&<", <& 12"6*. F&<", <& " +*8 C& 1(&+,*+, C$8 1+*,& :$7&C$ "
:" 37",;/0+ /* +-710+ ("1$4$+$. J1"<4$, 4$&+$ & C/53, C& 1& "6-
2"(* >/B?. >* 1+-34", 8-<,$, ,* 1+-34". !*4* &, C$8 ,08* ($20 "
7*6;8 6* 2&4"0 =-+.
>*%2")"#8& ,04*4(" $1+7$(" " 1& "6/":,*#8&. .2-,@&+$ 1(&-
+&'& $+/01,$, ,"14$ ,* R:. E-2:$ 1& <;/"# 4-/& 1& ,*8"7*8&,
37&/" /* $1-6,*0, <& 8$7&+$ 1& 7*642$,0(* ( /(* 3$<+" &/,*4("
256
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
± F&4$#, 8,$:$ ,&C* ,& 6,*&'. >& +" & /*/&,$ /* :$ 3"'&'.
A4*6* 1&, <& 3$1$4"+& ,* 1(&+*, 4$"+$ %0# 37&@&,"2 /$+;4, ,&
1-$+(&+1+(*#* +$<,$ ,* %-/&C$+$ 7*63$2$)&,"& ,* 6&8,*+* $1.
>$ 4$:*+$ & ,*? ,* 1&(&7 " 1& 6*3-+" ,*,04-/&, <$(&4 1 3-2,* 1"-
:;7,$1+ 8$)& /* 4*)&, <& 3$&8* ,* R:. W<"+&20+ 8-2<&'&. >&
%&'& ,;),$ /* 4*6(* 4-/& $+"(*8&. M&+0#8& ,*/ !"#"0 $4&*,
4-8 ,$("0 $1+7$(, 4$?+$ 8" %&'& $%&C*2 /* ("/0.
.2-,@&+$ $1+*,* ,*6*/ /* $1(&+0(* 3$2;4-2%$+$, ( 4$&+$ %0#*
O(7$3*, PH7"4* " <*1+" $+ P6"0. I*4*7 +;4 /* %&'& ⊗,$C≥, %0-
2$+$ ,&%& 1" $1+*,* 1(&+2$. 5&'& 4*+$ 1"0&, ($*2 ± <*4 1&:*
("/0# " $%2*@". B*/ ($*2* ,*/,"<*#* ,04$" 3$-074" 6(&6/". 5&6
3$8$C $+ "13$2",* 1& 1&+"#, <& +$(* %02$ ,&%& C& 3$//-7)*
&/,*4(" ;12$("0 6* )"($+ ,*(104-/& 3$ B&80+*.
A:,&,*+* 4$2&1,"@* #(-7<&'& ,"14$ ,*/ ($/*+*, ,$ ,& 4*4+$
,*/ 9*13"?14$ 8$7&. A%-7,*# 1& /* 3$3"+*8 J*2", 6*C$ ,& T
/*/& :*6. !$? 1& ;18"#(*'& 3$/ %02 8;1+*4. W<"+&20+ 4*+$ <& "6-
3"+(*'& +-73&,"&+$ 8". M-)&# 1&. E7;:* 1& $4*6* 37"<",*+* "
+0 "6,"4,* 6*/ &/", %02 $%2*4, 4$?+$ ,04*4 1& 12"(*'& 1 ,&%&+$.
M;,*+* %&'& :$208* " 47-:2*, 1 ,"8% 4*+$ ,* 1(&+@"+&, ,$
@(&+-+ 8; 2&4$ %"&'& ,* 1",V$. 5&'& 47*1"($! D13$2",-+ 1& 7*/-
(*'& ,* :2&/4*+* ,*7*(,$ 1 8&,. D 3$3"+* +$24$(* 8,$:$6,*<"-
+&2,$, <& 37$6(;<* /0($2"+$:
± I$)&' 2" 3$6,* 4-/& & (+$7*+*∀
=7&/3$2*:*'& 1&, <& 6,*8. >& 1" 13$8,0#, 1-17&/$+$<"# 1& "
13$/&2"# $,$(*, 4$&+$ 3$/14*6(*'& (-+7&',"0+ 8" :2*1:
± =$-8*24* &. J1&4" 8": C& 1& 3$4*)& 6*/ $,0 $%2*4. A+/$2;
" $+/01,$ ,* :$208*+* 1" 1&1+7*↔
!*4* " 1+*,*. B* 8&, 8-,"<4*+* 1",0 3&72* %&'& 3$-47*1"(* "
$+ :$208*+*. 50# /$($2&, " ,04*4 :$7/, <& +$(* %&'& 8$0+ (+$7"
/$8 ( )"($+* ,*1-,. >& $+4-1(*# $<" " 8"12" $+ ,&:$. A4$2,"+&
$%7*6" 1& 7*68"#* " 104*' 7*61+$0,"&+$ 8&)/; 8&, " ,&%&1,$+$
+02$ 1& 14-1". !*8 "8*'& 6&2&," 3&+,* " )-2+&,"4*(" +$<4".
± S7*/$(& 1* +$(*. D8* " :$7" ± 3*4 8& 37$<&+& J*2",.
± 9$? C& )"(&& ,* 2;,"+&∀ 5$)" .",$(&∀
± E*. Y& "8* " $+ 37*(&/,"+&. .*8 C& ("/"', ,$ 3$-,*37&/
+70%(* /* 1& 37&$%2&<&'.
± !*4* 8" & /$%7&.
D13$2",-+ 1& 6*180 " %2*:$/*7" 6* '&:*+*.
P *6 1& ;<;/"# 4$& 8; & 18&',$+$.
259
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
± 41 ±
W<"+&20+ 8" "8*'& 1+7*,," 37&/1+*(" 6* $1+7$(. ⊗>$($+$
2"@& ,* B&80+* 37&/ 5$:*≥, 4*4+$ :$ ,*7&<&, %&'& @02 4$,+"-
,&,+, +$24$(* :$208, <& 8$)& %" ,08* /* 1%-74*8, *4$ :$ 17*(,0
1 /,&',* PH7"4*. E*)& 3$ $<&7+*,"0 1" 37"2"<*#*. 5&'& ,&C$
4*+$ PH7"4*, ,$ $%-7,*+* ,*$%7*+,$. >$(*+* 1;'* %&'& 3$-+01,*
,* 1&(&7, * ,*?-'"7$4* ,* R:, 8$)& %" 6*C$+$ (42R<(*'& +$(*,
4$&+$ /,&1 & P(1+7*2"0. >$ ,& 1-8 1":;7&,.
E$4*+$ 37&4$10(*#8& 8*+&7"4* 3$ (-7#$(&+& ,* 32*,",14*+*
(&7":*, 4$0+$, 3$/$%,$ ,* :7-%,*4, :$ 7*63$2$(0(*'&, 7*63"+(*#
"13$2",*. D6,"4(*,&+$ ,* +*4*(* $:7$8,* +(-7/ $+ $4&*,* ,08*
4*4 /* ,& %&'& 3$("'"2* 8$714$+$ 7*(,"C&. J*2", 8& ,*7&<&
:2;3*4. !70%(*2$ /* :$ 12;'*8, <& 37&/"8,$ 1;'*+* C& 3$+-(*
"2" "6,"4(*. =7&2&+0#8& /$ ,*?-R),*+* +$<4* ,* 4$,+",&,+*.
S;%" 8" 1& ,&C$ " ,& 3$8,0 6*C$ $+"/$#8& +$24$(* ,* R:.
=$& $%7*+,$. 9$2&1,"@*+* 1& 1370 ,* &/,$ (-6("'&,"&, $+
4$&+$ "6("7*'& 8*24* 7&4*. =7&($6,$+$ ," 17&/1+($ 1+*,* ,*
8-:2* " "6<&6,*. J*2", 3$1$<" &/", $+ :7*/$(&+& ( ,"14$+$. P4$
,& 1& 2-)*, %&'& 3$1+7$&, ( ,*?-6*3*/,*+* <*1+ ,* +-? ,*7&<&,"0
$1+7$(. >$ %0# ("/02 " 8,$:$ /7;:", /$4*+$ $%"4*20#8& ,T(*+*.
J1"<4"+& %0#* 3$/$%," ,* ,&:$ ± <&+(-7+"+ " ,* ,04$24$
4*+* 4*+$ 1+-3*2$("/,* 3"7*8"/*. J104$ 1+-3*2$ %&'& $1(&+&-
,$ ( 7*62"<," @(&+$(&. S7*/-+ 37"2"<*'& ,* ,$("0 Z&7;1*2"8,
$3"1(*, $+ /7&(,"+& 37$7$@". .*8$ :7*/14"+& 1+&," %0#* 7*62"<-
," $+ ="1*,"0+*. >& 1-(1&8, " (1& 3*4...
.+&," ,& ("/0#, 4*+$ 1& 1-8,0(*8, <& /*)& ,* Z&7;1*2"8 C&
1* ,;),". P4$ ,*"1+",* ,04$" :7*/$(& ( %-/&C& C& "8*+ 1+&,"
1 $%2"@$(4* $+ 14-3$@&,," 4*8-,", +& &/(* 2" C& 1* 6* 13"7*,&
,* ,&1-C&1+(;(*C" (7*:$(&. D2" 3-4 4*+$ 37$0(* ,* ,&7*6;8,$
7*6+$<"+&21+($ ( /;#* ,* X7"1+$($+$ ;<&,"&... .*74*68* ,*1+7*-
,*, :7*/$(&+& ,* %-/&C&+$, 1-C$ Z&7;1*2"8, ,08* /* 1* %*,4"
4*+$ J*+"4*,*. J %-/&C& /$7" 4*8-,"+& ,08* /* 1* 12;<*?," ± "
+& 1* )"(", " +& C& 1" "8*+ 12;)%*.
>* (1&4" &+*), 3$,& ,* ,$("0 4$,+",&,+, )"+&2"+& "8*#*
7*6," 6*,"8*,"0. >* 3-7("+& +7" 4*+*, $1(&+&," ( %02$, 3$
/-2:"+& 37*(" ;2"@" 47*<&#* #$7* 4*+$ &(7$3&?@"+& ± %0#* (
1(&+2" /7&#". E7;:" %0#* ( :7*/","+& " 47*? ($/$&8"+& ( ,"1-
4$+$ ± (1"<4" "6:2&)/*#* C*1+2"(". .3"7*#* 1& " :$($7&#* 1
5$)"+& .",$(&, 4$"+$ 12"6*#* 3$ 2-<" $+ :$7,"+& 4*+$(& ,*
:7*/*. D 1(&+&C"+& %7*+0 %0#* ( %02$, ,$ $4$2$ 47-1+* " 37&6
260
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
J1& 3*4 +$(* ,& %0#* <&74(". 50#* ,&%&1,"+& 4*8%*,", 4$"+$
S&7:*,* ,04$:* 4*6(*'&, <& ,& <;(*8. B(;@"+& 1& 120#* ( <;/,*
8&2$/"0. E&@*+* 6*30#* ± 3&&#* ( #$7. !$24$(* #;%*(" %0#* :2*-
1$(&+& "8! I*24$ $1+*,* /* 8& 7*632*<*+, 8*4*7 /* ,& 7*6%"7*#
&6"4* "8. B(;<&'& 4*+$ ,$(. D13$2",-+ 3$1$<" 4-8 #2*3&+*+*:
± >*%2R/*(*? (,"8*+&2,$!
± W<"+&2R, "8*8 (-37$1"...
± ="+*?! W'"+& ( 8&,, $<"+& ( /&@*+*!
± !$<,$ 6* /&@*+*. 9*+$ <& 1* 70/4$1+. Y& 8& 37$C*(*', ,$
+" 1" &/",1+(&,"0+ 1+*7&@, 4$:$+$ ("/0#.
± D1+",*+* C& +" 7&4* ± 6*3$<,* J*2",. ± E$(&/$# +& /* ("-
/"' $+706-4 $+ (7&8&, 4$?+$ & 37&#$/&,. >& 8$)&' $3"1* 3-2-
,"0 7*6@(&+ ,* N*71+($+$ 5$)"&. E$2; ,08* ,;),"+& /;8" 6*
+$(*, 4$&+$ C& %-/&. P4$ 3$26(*' &6"4* ,* (1&8"7*, 4$?+$ & &6"4
,* ;3$/$%2&,"0+*, ,& C& +& 7*6%&7*+. !& X7"1+$1 ,& 7*6%7*#*, +*
+&% 2"∀ F$/"2,"+& 8-4" C& 1" "/*+ 1 +-8,*+* &3$#*. =7*(&/,"+&
C& "8*+ 3$ 8*24$ /&@*, 6* /* 1& ;7*(,$(&10+ /(*+* 1(0+*. E,"+&
6* ,$1&,& C& 1& 1-47*C*(*+. Y& 7*)/*+ 1*8$ <"1+"+& )&,", 3$
&/,$, 3$ /(&... Y$8 1-67&0+, /&@*+* ,& C& 1+*7&0+. =7*(&/,"+&
%-76*+ /* 1& ,*7&4*+ 5$)" .",$(&. P +&, .",$(&+&, (")/*', ,&
1* ," 8-)&, ," )&,"... .-(-7'&," 1*. !& ,& 3$6,*(*+ 1+7*/*-
,"0+*. =7&#$/,$+$ (7&8& C& & #"20/* :$/",", %7$&," $+ 97*0 ,*
+-8,*+* &3$#*. =$12& 62$+$ C& %-/& 7*6(-76*,$, ,$ %-76$ C&
%-/& 3$4$7&,$. B&80+* 3*4 C& 1& 37&;1+7$". Y& %-/& $C& 3$-
<"1+* " 47*1"(*. !$:*(* C& @-H,& N*71+($+$ " C& /*(* 62*+,"
32$/$(& 8,$:$ #"20/" :$/",". !$:*(*, *4$ %7*+ 3$)&2*& /* 12&-
6&, C& 3$8$2" /7;: %7*+ /* 8; $+7*6" 2-<*. D6,$1(*,&+$ " 7*)-
/*,&+$ C& & 4*+$ 8":. 57*+-+ C& 12"6* ( 6702* (-67*1+, :$+$( 6*
12;)%* " 7*%$+* 1...
O/,$ $+ /&@*+* ( :7;3*+*, 4$0+$ ,*%2R/*(*#, 104*' 6*13*.
9*4+$ 1" 1&/&'& " 3&&'&, 6*+($7" $<" " 6*82-4,*.
± O+$! ± ;18"#,* 1& J*2",.
± 9*4($ 1+*,*∀
± >*'"0+ 8*2-4 %7*+ 1& 37&$%2&<&.
± >$ +$(* /&+&... (1& &/,$ ,*3;1,* +02$+$ 1"!
D13$2",-+ 1& 7*6+7&1& $+ 180#:
± >&C$ +*4$(* C& 1+$7"' " +".
=7$1(&+,* 8":
± >&+2&,,$+$ +02$ ,* <$(&4 8$)& /* 1& 37&$%7*6;(*! E* 8"-
,*(* ( /7;:$ 1-1+$0,"&. ⊗D63*70(*8& 1&≥. ⊗=7&$%2"<*8& 1&≥!
262
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
± !*4* &... ± 4"8,* W<"+&20+ 8" " /$4*+$ :$($7&'& ,&C$, $C&
+7" /&@* 104*' 6*13*#*. ± J1"<4$ & +7&3+&,"0. =$8*:*+ 1" 1 3&1-
,"+&. D 4*8%*,"+& "8 3$8*:*+.
± 9*4($ 3&0+∀
± 5$:* (-6#(*20(*+. MR%$(+* & &/",1+(&,*+* <"1+* 8*:"0. !0
/&?1+(* ,* +7&3+&,"0+* (-6#$/0C$. .+7*#-+ " $87*6*+* /&?1+(*+
,"6#$/0C$.
± 9-/& $+"(*+ +&6" /&@*, C$8 6*130+∀
± S$7&. =$8"12"! .2&/ 1(-7'&4* ,* +-8,*+* &3$#* +2&,,"0+
1(0+ " *1+7*2,"0+ 3$1+&3&,,$ C& 1& ;7*(,$(&10+... J1"<4" 37*-
(&/," C& 7*6("0+ (+$7$+$ 67&,"&, 01,$("/1+($+$. Y$8 /(*+*
1(0+* 1+*,*+ 4*+$ &/,$, #$7*+* C& #$/0+ $C& 3$-("1$4$, 6* /* 1&
;<*+. !;4*',$+$ ,&%& & 1(0+, 4$?+$ & (+$7" $+ +2&,,*+* 6&80,
+*8 3$-,*37&/,*2"+& 3$ =-+0 1& ;<*+, 12&/ 4$&+$ 12"6*+ /* 37"-
2*:*+ 37"/$%"+"+& 3$6,*,"0. J %&6(7&8"&+$ :$7& 1& 37&4$10(*+
" :$2&8" 37$1+7*,1+(*. S2&/*,$ $+ 3$-,"14"+& 1(&+$(&, $+"(*-
,&+$ /$ 2;,"+& "2" /7;:$, 3$-/*2&<,$ 801+$, & 4*+$ 8":. >&%&1-
,"+& 4*8%*," 14$7$ C& ;+"#,*+. J7&8& & /* 3$12&/(*8& /&@*+*...
± Y& 3&&8 2"∀
± I$)& 1 8*:"0+* ,* 3&1,"+&... D 1 8$2"+(" 8$)&.
± >&4* /* & 8$2"+(*!
± !-? /* %-/&!
9$2&,"<"# " /$370# /2*," 37&/ :-7/"+& 1". I$2"+(*+* 8" %&-
'& 8-2<*2"(*. 5$: <;(* " 8"12"+&. J+$7*+* 8$2"+(* 1-C$ %&'&
6*8"12&,* ,*%-76$, ,$ " +0 "/(*'& $+ 1-7@&+$ 8". P4$ +02$+$ &
#7*8 6* /;'*+*, ;1&+"# /;'*+* 1" 4*+$ #7*8 ,* 2R%$(+*. !*6"
8$2"+(* 1& 3$2;<" 3$-"147&,* " $+ 3-7(*+*. 52*:$/*7"# ,* 5$:*
6* ("/0,$+$ " <;+$+$ /$+;4. >"C$ ,& 1" 3$"14*#.
>$ " ,"C$ ,& 1& 3$2;<*(*'&.
± D 6,*,"0 +70%(*+. D 6,*,"0... ± 7&<& "13$2",-+.
P 12&/ 4*+$ 1& 6*180, 1:7*%<" 04*+* 8" " +*4* 7064$ 8& "637*-
(", <& $%7*6"+& ,*$4$2$ 1& 7*68"#*. D6/":*#8& 1&. =2*,",*+* "
1(&+&C"0+ :7*/ $1+*,*#* /*2&< 3$/ ,$6&+& ,". ."0,"0+* ,* %&2"-
+& ," /7&#" +"<*#* 3$ ,*1.
=$:2&/,*# ,*:$7&.
J*2", 8& +&:2&'&, 4*+$ 12&/(*'& /(* (&7+"4*2," 2-<*, 37&-
1"<*," ,* 8&1+* " $+ #$7"6$,+*2,". I$)& /* 1& 4*)&, <& 1& 4*<-
(*#8& 3$ 3$/$%"& ,* 1+-2%* 4-8 ,&%&+$. B*/ %02$+$ ,&%& ,*/,"-
<*#* (1& 3$-074" 6(&6/". 5&'& 8" ,&(-68$),$ /* 1& $7"&,+"7*8
/*2" 1& "6/":,*#8& $+ 1&(&7,$+$, "2" $+ R),$+$ 3$2;4-2%$, ,$
263
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
± 42 ±
B*12;'*, ( ,&C$ 4*+$ 7"+-8 ,* 1-7@&, 603*# 4-8 1-6(&6/"&+$
" 1& <;(1+(*# 1+7*,,$ 37"(2&<&, $+ ."7";1. 9;<&'4*+* 6(&6/*
8& +&:2&'& 1 +*4*(* 1"2*, <& %0# 6*%7*("2 1 4$:$ " 4-/& 1-8. E*-
)& 4$? 1-8 ,& 1& 3"+*#. J1& $C& ( ,&(&/&,"&, <& 18& 37"1+":,*-
2" ,* (+$7$+$ ,&%&, 1& $%-7,*# 4-8 W<"+&20 1":
± 57*+0+* /* ,& 1* ,*37*("2" " A7"$, 6* 8&,∀ B* +-24;(*,&...
± G&:$%"&@! ± 7&<& +$? " /$%*(" 1+7$:$: ± .+$? +*4* " 12;-
'*? 8;6"4*+* /* 1& 1-%&7&'!
D 4*+$ <;# /;8"+& 8;, $1-6,*#, <& (&<& ,& 8& /-7)". 50#8&
,* 801+$, 4$&+$ ,& 3$/2&)" ,* $3"1*,"&. P4$ 6* %-/&C"0 7*6-
@(&+ ,* N*71+($ 5$)"& ,08* /;8", 4*4 8$)& /* "8* 6* 3$-:$7&,
1(0+ $+ ,&:$∀ .*8$ ;3$/$%2&,"0+* 8$)&#* /* 8" 3$8$:,*+, ,$
8*24$, 4$24$+$ /* ,& & %&6 #"<. =$/ 1*,/*2"+& 8" ,& %&'& +(-7/,
* 3$-14$7$ 8$7& $+ 1(&+2",*; ,04*4 37"2"<*'& ,* 8204$, $+ 4$&+$
264
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
=$:2&/,*# 0 ;<;/&,$.
!0 3$01,":
± J&/,-) +& 3"+*#: $+4-/& +" "/(*+ '&:"+&∀ P +" 4*6*: ⊗D,*-
<& +70%(* /* 32*<*. >& & 2" 3$-/$%7& /* 32*<* $+ ;8"2&,"&, *4$
/$2; ,*37*(0+ /$%7$, %&6 /* 3$"14*+ $+32*+*∀≥ B*%7*("2 1".
I-:2*+* 1& 7*61&0. 50#8& ,* 8*24*+* 2;,*. 9$:*+$ 1+-3"#8&
(-7#; ,&?,$+$ "1470C$ 8$7& $+ 1(&+2",*, S&7:*,* 8& 37&:-7,*
" 4*6*, <& C& 12&6&8 ( *1+7*2,"0 1(0+ ,* +$(* ,&%&1,$ +02$.
± B*+($7" $<"!
=7"+"1,*# 1& /$ ,&0 " ;1&+"# 12*%$ +&:2&,& 3$/ 47*4*+* 1".
E(*8*+* 104*' 3$+-,*#8& ( 8$7&+$. 5$)&1+(&,*+* 8;6"4* 1&
"6:;%", * ,* ,&?,$ 801+$ ( ;'"+& 8" 6*":7* (0+-7, 4$?+$ /$,&1&
" 3&1&,+* ,* 3+"@". P 4$:*+$ 8" 1& 1+$7", <& 37$3*/*8, %&6 ,04$?
/* 8& /-7)", 7*68*#*# 7-@&. I$)& " /* 1-8 1& 7*6("4*2↔
S&7:*,* 1& 18&&'&:
± D8*' 8,$:$ =-+ /* "6(-7("' $C&...
A+($7"# $<" " 1& $:2&/*#. M;,"+&, 4*4+$ (&<& %0# 6*%&206*2,
"8*#* *+8$1H&7*. >&%&+$ "8 1-C$ %&'& %02$, ,$ 1 2&4$ 1",4*(
$++&,-4. D :$7" "8*'& +;4. D :7*/$(& ± ,*8"7*#8& 1& ( &/", $+
+0#, ( &/,* $+ :7*/","+& ( ,"14$+$.
S&7:*,* 3$1$<" 4-8 ,04*4(* 3$1+7$?4* ,* (+$7"0 4*+.
± 9$:*+$ 13"' /$2; "2" 1" ( 3-2,$ 1-6,*,"&, 7*%$+"' +*8.
± 9*4($ 7*%$+0∀
± E$)"(0# /* 3$3"+*'!
>&37"0+,$ ;1&C*,& ( 12-,<&("0 8" 132"+.
± 50# 1203...
± I"+&, 3$'&:;(*# 1&. P6 ,08*8 2" 37*($∀
.2&/ +$(* +0 4*6*, <& ;42$,-+ 8" 4-8 /7*8*+* 1& /-2)*2 ,*
M;,*+*. D +0, 3$/$%,$ ,* .2-,@&+$, "8*2* (-6/&?1+("& (-7#;
(-$%7*)&,"&+$ " ",+;"@"0+*, ,$ :2*(,$ <7&6 +-:*+*. A+ .2-,@&-
+$ 3-4 "/(*2" 7*/$1+"+&; "6$%C$ ± 1(&+2"+& 8"12". S2*(,*+* 6*-
/*<* ,* 2;,,"+& )"+&2" %"2* /* ;2*(0+ ,&<"1+"+& ,*8&7&,"0 $+
B&80+* " /* :" 37&<"1+(*+. P4$ ,& %"2" +&, 2$'"+& " 37&1+-3,"
6*8"12" ,* 12&3"+& C&2" /* 1-1"30+ :7&',"0 1(0+ /$ +*4*(* 1+&-
3&,, <& /;#$(,*+* &($2R@"0 ,* <$(&<&1+($+$ C& 1& $+42$," "2"
C& 37"42R<". 9$&+$, 7*6%"7* 1&, ,& %"2$ 3$ 5$)"0+* ($20...
± U"($+-+ /$2; & ,&8"12"8 %&6 (*1 ± 4*6* S&7:*,*, /$4*+$ 1&
<;/&# 4$8; & 37"+70%(*2* " (+$7*, 3$-8*24* 2;,*.
F*6%7*# $+ 3$01,&,"0+*. E7;:* 6*/*<* ,* M;,*+* %"2* /* (-6-
/&?1+(* (-7#; /(")&,"&+$ " ,*42$,* ,* B&80+*. J+$7*+* 2;,*
268
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
± >$ 1& <;(1+(*' "1+",14" )"(. 9$24$ 3-+" 18& 1" :$($7"2"
+;4 3$ 1-C"0 ,*<",... J&2"4*+* D1+",* (42R<(* (1"<4$. 97*4*+*
," /* 1* /$2;, ,* B&80+*, ,$ 1 :2*("+& 1" /* 18& +;4. I"12"+& ,"
/* 1* $C& 3$-("1$4$! !$(* & ("1$4"0+ <$(&4, /&+& &2$#"8. .+--
3"2 & 6/7*($ ,* 6&80+*, ,$ $+7*60(* " 8"12"+& $+ 3$-:$7,"+& "
<"1+" 1(&+$(&.
± I"12"+& 1& $+7*60(*+. J*2", 8*? 8& "63"+* 6* +$(*...
± E*! ["1+$+$ $+7*60(*. =$/$%,$+$ 37"(2"<* 3$/$%,$. B*-
4$,. P 4-/&+$ ,08* .(&+2",* " (-6("'&," 8"12", %7$/0+ 37"("-
/&,"0, 4$"+$ 1& 2-)*+, <& 1* )"(". >$ 1+":* '&:"... E* +7-:(*8&!
± 9-/&∀
± =$ ("1$4"+& 8&1+*. Y& +& 6*(&/* ,* &/,* 6&80, 4$0+$ & +7&+*
3$7&/ $+ :7&',*+*. =$-,*:$7& ,& 8$)&8 /* $+"/&8. !7&3+&,"0+*
,*/ +7&+$+$ ,&%& 1+*(*+ $3*1," 6* ,*1.
S&7:*,* :2&/*'& 37&6 8&,.
D 12&/ 4*+$ 8& ,*4*7* /* 1&/,* 1 47-1+$1*," 47*4*, 6* /* 1&
3$8$20 ;/$%,$, +0 8& 1:7*%<" 6* 04*+* ,* %02*+* /7&#*. J/":,* 8&
,*:$7&, 4*4+$ %&'& ,*37*("2 " J*2",, ,$ "6/":*,&+$ 3$ 1+-2%*+*
$+ 2-<" 37$/-2)" 3$-/-2:$. =$<;(1+(*#, <& :;%0 1-6,*,"&.
P4$ 8$)&# /* :$($70, C0# /* 1& $+4*)* $+ 7*6#$/4*+*.
± 43 ±
. "6/":*,&+$ 8" 1+*(*'& (1& 3$-2$'$. >& %0# ( +2&,,$ +02$,
,$ ;1&C*,&+$ %&'& 104*' ("10 1 47*4*+* ,*:$7&, * :2*(*+* 8" 1&
3-2," 1 47-(. S&7:*,* :$($7&'&, <& ( +$6" 1(0+ )"(&0+ *,:&2"+&
$+ 3-7($+$, ,*?-,"14$ ,"($. !7&3+&,"0+* 3$ +0#,*+* 6&80 %"2"
3$-$1$%&," " <$(&4 +70%(*2$ /* 1+*,& 3$,& &2$#"8, 6* /* "8
;1+$" /-2:$. J-( (2*/&,"0+* ,* *,:&2"+& $+ (+$7$ " +7&+$ ,"($
,& 8$)&2$ /* 37"3*7(*8&, 37&/" /* ,*37&/,&8 /$1+*+-<,$. >"&,
$1$%&,$ *6, ,08*2$ /* "6/-7)"8.
D14*# /* 3$3"+*8 /*2" 6* 8&, & %&6$3*1,$ /* "/(*8 ( +$6"
:$7&, 1(0+, 3-4 %"2$ +$ 1*8$ ,* :$1+". Y$8 1& $:2&/*#, $1-6,*#,
<& 8$0+* 17$/,* /;'* %&'& ( 1(&+2",,$+$ +02$, 4$&+$ 3$-7*,$
104*' "6("7*'& "63$/ 4$)*+* T.
D 1&%& 1" 3$:2&/,*#. J"/0,$+$ 8& 3$7*6":
± 5$)& 8"2", *6 1-8 <"1+* 1(&+2",*!
I$&+$ *1+7*2,$ +02$ 1-C$ %&'& $1+*,*2$ ,* 8*24*+* 2;,*.
271
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
B* 37-( 3-+ 1& (")/*# 1 ,$(" 1&+"(*. D 1" /*/$# 18&+4* 4$24$
2$' 01,$("/&@ 1-8. [*4 1&:* 1& (")/*# "1+",14" 01&,, 07-4 "...
± 5$)& 8"2", *6 1-8 ;)*1,$ $:7$8&,!
± I"+&, ;13$4$? 1&!
± S&7", ,"&... >"& #$/"8 3$ 6(&6/"+&.
± E* ± 4*6* +0 " 8& #(*,* 6* 7-4*+*.
± D +& 1* $:7$8,"!
97*? ,*1 2&+0#* *,:&2", 1-C$ $+ <"1+* 1(&+2",*. >*3$/$%0(*-
#* $:,&," 4-2%*. P 4$:*+$ 8",*(*#* /$ ,*1, 37"/$%"(*#* 1#$/&,
,* <$(&'4"0 $%2"4. B* 8": 1& 37&$%2"<*#* ( 2-14*(", 2R13&1+"
7"6,"@" ± %0#* 3$/$%," ,* $,&6", 1 4$"+$ 1* ($R(*2" /7&(,"+&
14"+". >04*4 6,*&#, <& :$ 37*(0+ 6*7*/" 8&, ± /* 8" & 3$-2&1,$
/* :" (-637"&8*.
J1"<4$, 4$&+$ 6,*&# 6* *,:&2"+& /$1&:*, %&'& $+ 7*64*6"+&
,* S&7:*,* ± <& +&6" 1-C&1+(* 1* 1-(-7'&,", %&63$2$(". E7;:"-
+& 8" 37&/1+*(" "/(*#* $+ 4*7+","+& ,* 7&,&1*,1$("+& #;/$)-
,"@", ( 4$"+$ "6$%"21+(*'& $+ /$%7& $#7*,&," /&<"@* 1 8"2$-
("/," 2"@* " $<*7$(*+&2," 47"2*.
>"C$ $%C$ 1 /&?1+("+&2,$1++*!
I*4*7 /* "8*#* 8"2$62"(" 2"@*, 1 +$(* 14"+14$ $%2&42$ *,-
:&2"+& "6:2&)/*#* ,04*4 $3*1,". J"/-+ "8 %&'& 1+7*'&,. Y$8
1& 7*68",*(*#8& 1 +0#, +& ," 3$6/7*(0(*#*.
>& %0#* 8,$:$ C&/7" ,* /;8":
± J*8 8"7!
± I"7 (*8, %7*+0!
50#* (&)2"(" " /7;)&2R%,". D (1& 3*4 1& 1+7*#;(*# $+ +0#,
4*4+$ (1&4" <$(&4 1& 1+7*#;(* $+ ,&C*+*, 4$"+$ ,& 7*6%"7*. P,-
:&2"+& "8*#* 6,*,"0, 6* 4$"+$ ,& 8$)&# " /* 3$/$6"7*8. ."2*+*
"8 %&'& $+ ("/,* 3$-("/,*. J 2"@*+* 8*24$ 37"2"<*#* ,* #$7*,
,$ %0#* 1 3$-'"7$4" <&2* " $<"+& "8 1(&+&#*. 9$:*+$ :$($7&#*,
1(&+2",* 1+7;&'& " $+ ;1+"+& "8. 9*4+$ 37" S&7:*,*, 8"12"+&
"8 37"2"<*#* ,* 1(&+2" 4$1", 1*8$ <& %0#* +$24$(* :-1+" "
+-,4", <& 8$)&# /* :" ;3$/$%0 ,* )-2+&,"4*("0 3;#, 1 4$?+$ 1&
"62R3(*#* 3"2&,@*+* $+ 4;7,"4* ,* 1&2$.
D +$:*(* 8" /$?/& 37$67&,"&+$, <& 2R13&1+"+& 7"6,"@" %0#*
(-,',$+$ "67*)&,"& ,* $1$%&,* 6*C"+* ± ,& 6* 1*8"+& *,:&2", *
,*?-(&<& 6* 8&, " S&7:*,*. !*4* ," 37&/3*6(*#* $+ +7&3+&,"0+*,
4$"+$ ,&1-8,&,$ "62-<(*#* +&2*+* "8.
!;4 4*+$ <& ,&C$ 8" 1& :;%".
± J*8 8"7! ± 8",* /7;: *,:&2 47*? ,*1.
272
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
D 4*+$ 4*6* +$(*, +$? 1& "61+7&20 1 +*4*(* 14$7$1+, <& 7"6,"-
@*+* $1+*(" 1(&+2* /"70. E*, 8$)&# /* 0 ;3$/$%0 " ,* 47"2*...
± J-6#"+"+&2,* & 1($%$/*+* "8! D 4*4(" /&%&2" 9,":" ,$10+!
± 9-/& $+"(*+∀ ± 3$3"+*#.
± 9-/&+$ 3$)&2*0+. D8*+ " 12;)%*. !& 7*6,*10+ (&1+" "...
± S&7", ,& 8" & /$%7&. !;4 & 37&47*1,$, ,$ $C& ,& 1-8 :$+$(
/* 1& 7&0 "6 6(&6/"+&. I$)& %" 12&/ /&1&+ 8"2"*7/* :$/","∀
± D14*' 2" /* 1& (7-C*8&∀
± E*, $1(&, *4$ ,& 8& 6*(&/&' /* 1&/,&8 ,04-/&...
± !;4 (1"<4" 1* ( /(")&,"&.
D ,*"1+",* ( +$6" 1(0+ $+ 12-,@* ,08*'& ,"C$ $+ $,$(*, 1
4$&+$ #$7*+* $+ :7&',*+* 6&80 1& :$7/&&8 " 3*6"8 4*+$ $<"+& 1".
>"+$ :7*/$(&, 1"8($2"6"7*C" 37&/#$/,"+&, ,&+7*?," 4;2+;-
7", ,"+$ /$7" $+/&2," /$8$(&. >08*'& 4*4 /* ,& 1& 1&+0 6* /;-
8"+& ,* &/", 17-%14" 1(&+&@ ± ]1+", =$3$("<:
1& ,& 2-)*+, <& C& 1" ;8"0+ 7-@&+& 1 ,&:$! D /7;:$ "8* 4*4($ /*
"8 7&<&', ,$ +$ 1*8ζ C& +" /$?/&...
± Y& 8& 3$12;'* 2" ,04$?∀
± !;? C& $1+*("' ,* ,*1. F&<", <& 37*C*8& <;)/$6&8&@, 7$-
/&, $+,$($ ( %-2:*714* /7&#*. J .4"+14*+* 3;1+",0 1* ,*("4,*-
2" 3$ <;)/ ;8 /* 1& ($/0+. S$74$ "8 ,* +&6", 4$"+$ " +&%& 1+-3-
<*+! . 8&, " J&2"4"+& W<"+&2" $+ .2-,@&+$ C& 32*<*+.
± >& 8& & 1+7*#. !$6" 3-+ " 42*/*+* ,& C& 8& 137&!
± O2* /* +& @&2;,*...
J*2", 8& 37&:-7,* %7*+14" " 7&<&:
± .&:* ,& 3$ <&2$+$. =$ %;6*+*.
N&2;,* 8&.
P C$8 1& /7-3,* $+ 8&,, 6&80+*, $1&0,* 1-1 12-,@*, 1& ;1;4*.
=7$3*/*# ( ,&C$ 4*+$ 42*/&,&@. D 3*/*# 2", 3*/*#... >*17&C*
8" :7&&'& ,*?-$12&3"+&2,$+$ .(&+"2$, 4$&+$ <$(&4 8$)& /* 1"
37&/1+*(". [;(*# "13$2",* /* :$($7" $+,04-/&:
± E$2; C& 1" 4*+$ 37&%"+. A+ +7&3+&,"0+* &. >& %& " 3$1+"2!
± W<"+&2R, ,*"1+",* %0# 37&%"+.
J*2", 1& 6*180. =*4 1& %&'& 3$'&:;(*2.
=7$/-2)*(*# /* 37$3*/*8. =$ 1+&,"+& ,* %&6/-,,"0 42*/&,&@
1& ;("(*'& 13"7*2* ± 4*+$ 1(&+&C* 68"0, 4$0+$ 1& ("&'& ,*:$7&
4-8 .(&+"2$+$. MR13"+& ,* 68"0+* +7&34*#* 4*+$ 47"2@*+* ,*
8"2"$," 3<&2". D 37$670#, <& +*6" 68"0 1* /;#$(,"+& 1(&+$(& ±
+& %0#* ,* 7*62"<," ,"(ϕ " 32*(,$ 37&8",*(*#* &/", ( /7;:. >*-
:$7& /$1+":*#* /$ %&637&/&2* " 8$)& %" ,*47*0 1& 12"(*#* 1-1
.(&+"2$+$. P +$ <&6,&'&, 37&(-7,* 1& ( /*2&<,* "147* ± B*(&+,*
N&2 6* (104* /;'*.
B8"0+* ;:*1,*. .(&+"2$+$ 4*+$ 8"7"*/" 12-,@* ± 1-C$.
>*47*0 " *6 "6:*1,*#. >$ ,04-/& ( 8&, $1+*,* /* :$7" 1+7&8&-
)-+ 6* 3$-,*+*+-'&,, %&613"7&, ,*37&/-4 3$ =-+0; 17&8&)-+ 6*
(&<&, )"($+ ± $1-6,*+ " 3$1+")"8.
J1& +*4* 37$3*/*# 17&/ (1& 3$-,*1"+&, 87*4. B* 8": 8&7,*#
17&%7"1+*+* ,"'4* /* 1& 3$/*(* $+,$($ 3$/ :-7/"+& 8", 4*+$ ,&
1+7;&'& ,*(-,, * 8& 37$%$)/*'&. 5$2&'& ± ,$ %$24*+* %&'&
@&,*, 4$0+$ %0# :$+$( /* 32*+0 6* 3$2;<&,$+$. >04$:* " 3$1(&+&-
,"0+ =2*+$, %&'& $+47"2 ,*?-@&,,$+$ 6* <$(&4*:
⊗.+7&8&)-+ 4-8 1-(-7'&,1+($+$ /*(* 47"2& ,* /;'*+*.≥
D $C& 3*/*#. =*/*#, /$4*+$ 87*4-+ 8& 3$:-2,* "6@02$.
276
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
± 44 ±
=*/*,&+$ 1(-7'" 62&. E-,$+$ ,* 42*/&,&@* %&'& 1;#$ " 8"7"-
'&'& 2$'$. A14-/,*+* 12R,4* ( ;1+*+* 8" %&'& 8*6,* 4*+$ 6*-
1+$02* ($/*. N02$+$ +02$ 8& %$2&'&. M&)*# 3$ :7-% 1-1 6*+($7&-
," $<" " ,& "14*# /* 3$(07(*8, <& (&<& 1-8 ⊗/$2;≥.
S2*1-+ ,* J*2", 8& 1&3,*:
± E$4$:* C& 8")"'∀
Y$8 $+47&#,*# 42&3*<", 6* 8": ("/0# %2*:$7$/,$+$ 2"@& ,*
"13$2",*. .2&/ +$(* +$ 1& 1+$3". 9*H0("+& 8; $<" 1& 37&(-7,*#*
( /7;:" ± :$2&8" " "6@-42&,". .(&+2*+* 4$1* 104*' 1& (+(-7/" (
7$:* 1 8,$)&1+($ 7*642$,&,"0. .*8$ 2&4*+* ;18"(4* $1+*,*, ,$
14$7$ 1& 3$47" 1 3*0)",*. >& 12&/ /-2:$ $1-6,*#, <& :2&/*8 37&-
3*7"7*,* :2*(* ,* &2&,.
>*8&7"# 1& ,* 2&:2$+$ ( 2$(/)"?14*+* #")*. >04$? 8& %&'&
6*("2 /$ %7*/"<4*+* 1 37$0/&,$+$ $+ :7"6*<" $/&02$. E$ '"0
%0# 6*+-,*2 ( +-? ,*7&<&,"0 7&*2&, 1(0+. =$:2&/,*# (1+7*," ±
,*(-, 1& 1-8(*'&. J 1+*0+* ,*(2"6*'& 3-7(*+* ;+7",,* 1(&+2"-
,*. E$ 37$6$7&@* 1& %&'& 37&:-7%"2 8-) ( 4*8;H2*)," /7&#". .
&/,*+* 7-4* /-7)&'& 3;'4*, * 1 /7;:*+* ± $+2&3&,"0 47*?<&@ ,*
(&1+,"4; 1+-42*+* %0#* 3$47"+" 1 3$)-2+02* 37&1*...
["<$ E$,<$ 1& %&'& 18*2"2 " $+12*%,*2. P 4*4+$ 1& %&'& "
37&:-7%"2, 1" /*/$# 18&+4*, <& ;)*1,$ 1& & 1-1+*7"2. I-<&'&
8& )*)/* " 37"8201,*#.
!7*3&7* 1& $%-7,* " $<"+& ," 1& 17&C,*#*.
B*:2&/*# 1& ( 3;'4*+*. !$? 0 $+3;1,*. E;2$+$ $370 ( 3$/*.
± E$?/& 1"...
=7&8":,*#. >& 6,*&# 4$& (7-C*,& "8*'& 37&/("/ ± +$(* ,*
1&2$ "2" $,$(* $+ ⊗:$7&≥. !$? 8" $%-7,* :7-% " 37$/-2)" /*
,*/,"<* 37&6 37$6$7&@*. =$ ,04$& (7&8& "6%$%$+":
± 5-2,;(*'&. B* N*71+($+$ 5$)"&... S&7:*,*...
± J"/0# 1& 1 ,&0. . S&7"... !0 1&:* & 1*8$/"(*. D 1(&+"@*!
!7*3&7* 8& 3$:2&/,* 37&6 7*8$.
D 4*6* 1 ,*18&'4*:
± O,/$7H","+& 37*(0+ <;/&1*.
± O,/$7H"," ± /7-)4"!
± !*4* 1-8 <;(*2. A+4*4∂ +& /$,&1$# +;4, ,"?/& ,& 1" ∝$/"2.
± !" 2" 1+7&20 3$ G&H"4∀
± G&H"4 2" &, I;1+*H* 2" &, /& /* :$ 6,*8. J"), +$? 8$)& /*
& ( N*71+($+$ " /* 1& 2R%" 1 $,"0 /&("@"... P6 ,& 1-8 :$ %*7*2!
± ["<$ E$,<$, 3$6,*(*8 :2*1* +".
277
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
± E7;:" :$ $3;4*#*.
± 9*4 3-4 ,&! E* ,& %" J*2", /* & 1+7&202...
± J*2",∀! D )&,*+* %-2,;(*'& 6* ,&:$.
± >& ("/0 2" $:,&,*+* 4$2&1,"@*∀
± 9-2%$ ("/0#. D8* :" " 3$ 42"1;714"0 47*?. .+*7@"+& +;4*
1* :" :2&/*2" 3$ E)&8",*, 3$ J-7+$3* " ,*/ 8*,*1+"7*. .+-2%
$+ $:-, :2&/*2"... J"4*+, /":*2 1& $+ 6&80+* /$ ,&%&+$.
± P#*... J"/02 1" 4$2&1,"@*+*, ,$ ,& (07(*'.
E$,<$ !7*3&7* 104*' ,& 8& 12;'*'&. J,"8*,"&+$ 8; %&'&
,04-/& $++*+-4 37$6$7&@*. >"C$ <;/,$ ± +$? " )&,* 1" 8,$:$ ,&
12;'*'&, ,"+$ S&7:*,*. >& :" 7*6%"7*'&. D8* ,&C$ "6;8"+&2,$
( +$(*, <& <$(&4 3$,04$:* (")/* <;/&1*, ,$ 104*' "6%"7* /* ,&
8"12" 6* +0# " 14$7$ /* :" 6*%7*(".
9*+$ <& ,& 1* <*1+ $+ +$6" 1(0+.
J 1-C$+$ (7&8& (&<& 8$)&# /* 7*6%&7* 6*C$ )&,* 8; :$ %&'&
(6&2*. !0 ,& ,*37*(" $+ ,&:$ +"3"<,"0 :;12*'4" 6&+, ,$ 6*/-7)*
%&1* 8;, ,04*4 :$ (7-6(*'& 12&/ $,6" ⊗",@"/&,+≥ ,* :7*,"@*+*.
!*6" 1*8$)&7+(* ,* 1-37;:*+* 8; 1-C$ %&'& <;/$ 1*8$ 3$ 1&%&
1", 6* 4$&+$ +$? %&'& 1203. 5&'& /*2&< $+ 37$%;)/*,&+$ 1".
>"4$? ,& 8$)& /* 3$(07(* 2&1,$ ( 5$: $1$%&,$ *4$ "8* "6-
47"(&,* 37&/1+*(* $+ 1(&+14"+& 7&2":"" " ,& 7*6%"7* 6*C$ ⊗5$:
& MR%$(≥ /*)& 4$:*+$ ;<" /&@*+* 1" 3$ +7;/,"0 ,*<", " "8
$1+*(0 1+7*'," %&2&6", ,04*4(* $3"+,$1+.
!7*3&7* 4*6*:
± I-) 8$)& /* 3;1,& )&,* /* 8; (2&6& 3$/ 4$)*+*. X(*,& 2"
1& /* 8"12" 1 ,&?,"0 *4-2, %&)! 5&) 1 /7;)",*+* 3$ :$7*+*, <&
/* 1" (-7,& 1"2*+*. .2;'*8 +&, 104*' )&,*+* %-%7". !($?+$ & $+
S&7:*,* /&... !0 %&'& 1-C*+*.
± A1+*(* /* 8& ,*7&<&' 8*8",$ 1",<&.
± >&. E&+& 1" $C&...
± ["<$ E$,<$, $1(&, /* $%"<* " 6*C"+*(* )&,"+&, &/", 8-)
8$)& " /* :" 12;'*. 9*6(*8 +" ,*37*($, 6(;<"' 4*+$ &/", %"('
($&,&,, 1 4$:$+$ 1-/%*+* 8& 17&C,*. D +" :$ 3$6,*(*', ,$ +$:*(*
,& & %"2 %"('. E*, 6* ,&:$ :$($70, :7*,"<,"0 $H"@&7!
± 9*4($ +" & %-%7"2 6* 8&,∀ !$? :" ;%". !" $+ 8&,& %0:*'...
.&/,*# ,* 2&:2$+$ " 1& ,*8&+,*# 1 $/&02$+$. !7*3&7* 3$/370
#-2%$4 ,* 8*1*+*. !0 $+,$($ %&'& 37&8&1+&,* /$ (7*+*+*.
± I,$:$ #$7* 1& "8*+ 6* /$%7", 7*6;8," ± 4*6*#. ± D1+",14"
/$%7" 6* 8&, 1* +&6", 4$"+$ 1* /$%7" 3$ 1-7@&, ,$ " :$ 37$0(0-
(*+... D ,"4*4(* 1+7&2%*! >"4*4(" 4;7%*," 3$(&<&!
278
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
^
281
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
± 45 ±
A+8&1+"# 8*1*+* $+ (7*+*+*.
!7*3&7* 1& 13;1,* 4-8 8&,. A<"+& 8; 1(0+4*#* /"($.
± .+$?!
± >&! ± $+104$#. ± D62"6*8.
± =$2;/0 2" %&∀!
± A+/*(,*. ["<$ E$,<$, ,08* /* +& $1+*(0 /* 1+7&20' 3$ 3$-
2"@*", 3$ 4$:$+$ " /* %"2$.
± .37" %&, /&+&!
± .37" 8&, *4$ 8$)&'!
!$? 1+"1,* 4*+$ ( )&2&6&, 4*3*, /01,*+* 8" 7-4*.
.+$0# 4*+$ (/-7(&, " 4*6*#:
± .+"14*?... .&:* 0 "6("?, /$4*+$ +7-:,*+ 1-26"! .-(1&8 C&
6*37"2"<*' ,* $,0 <$(&4$-6(07, $%C"0 ," 3$6,*+...
Y$8 8& 3;1,*, 6*+"1,* (7*+*+* 1 :7-%.
± E"8"+7&, C& "/* ( 6*+($7*.
± >08*. 9*+$ ("/0+, <& & 37$1+7&20, 1 3"1+$2&+, * ,& 1 3;'4*-
+* +", C& 1&...
± >& 6* +;7<",* %&!
.&+"# 1& 6* 12&/"+& $+ 4;7%*,*.
± P4$ "62&6&8, <&,:&+*+* 8$)& /* ,& (206*+. A1+*,&8 2", (1&
,04$:* C& ,*#-2+*+. D +$:*(* C& ("/0+ 3&+,$+$... J1-C,$1+ " *6
47"0 ,&C$ +;4*, +*4* <& /* "62"6*8&!
± 9*4($ 47"&'∀
± A,*0 4*7+*, 6* 4$0+$ 1" <;2. ± D 4"8,*# 4-8 &2&,*. ± [&,:&-
+*+* 6,*0+ 2", <& 1-8 +;4∀
± A+/& C& 6,*0+! A1(&, *4$ %*%*+*...
± E$%7&. .&:* 1& $+8&1+"! Y& :$($70 1 +0#. =$12& "62&6 " +",
,$ %&6 3;'4*+*!
282
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
± I$20∀!
± I$)& /* & ( '$4 ± 37&/3$2$)" 82*/"0+, 4$?+$ (&<& %&'&
37"42R<"2 1 $3"3(*,&+$. ± 5"+ &. D8* 1","," 3$ :-7%*.
>& 7*6%"7*#:
± .+*,*2* & :7&'4*. O/,* %*%* 1& & $%*/"2*... 5*%* I*7"0. 9*-
6*2* & "8&+$ 8", * ("& 1+& 1& $%-74*2", <& *6 1& $%*)/*8.
I*?$7-+ 1& "6,&7(":
± I-) %&'&. I"+4$ ,04*4-(. J"/02 "8*,07" ,* 4*2&+$ /*...
± >&, ,&... ± 3$42*+"# :2*(*. ± >& 1-8 %"2 *6. I$)& /* & %"2
/0/$ I"+4$, 8-)-+ ,* %*%* I*7"?4*.
± .&:* " /0/$ I"+4$ ,04*4-(... L 1" /*? 2"<,*+* 4*7+*!
± >08* +*4*(* ± 4*6* 82*/"0+ 3$2"@*?.
± J")+&, *6 1-8 E"8"+-7, ,$...
I*?$7-+ 8& 1706*:
± S;%0 +-73&,"&!
± J1"<4$ C& $%01,0...
D $%01,"# ± 6* 37"42R<&,"0+* 8" 1 "8*,07"+& " +$(*, 4$&+$
<"<$ E$,<$ 8" %&'& 7*64*6*2. 50# (-68$),$ ,*?-47*+-4 " 01&,.
AH"@&7-+ 3$3"+*:
± E$,<$ "8* 2" /7;:$ $7-)"&∀
± >&. .*8$ ,$). .":;7&, 1-8, <& ,& & ;%"2 +;7<",*.
± A+4-/& 6,*&', <& )&7+(*+* & +;7<",∀
± >*2" $%01,"#!
± =$(+$7", 4-/& & +70%(*2$ /* 1& 17&C,*+∀
± >* ⊗=&3&7;/*+*≥ ± 4*6*#.
I*?$7-+ " 82*/"0+ 3$2"@*? 1& 13$:2&/*#*.
± 9*4($ 1& & 12;<"2$ +*8∀ ± ,&C$ 8& 1+&:,* $+(-+7&.
5*78*,-+ $+ ,$C,*+* 180,* 4*6*2 ,* 3$2"@*"+&, <& ,04*4-(
$4-7(*(&, :$13$/", 3$8$2"2 /* 3$26(* +&2&H$,*, 6* /* 3$6(-,"
( 3$2"@"0+*. .2&/ +$(* "6#(-7<*2 ,*(-, " 3$+&:2"2 1 3&)$.
± !$? & %"2! ± 6*7*/(*# 1&, <& I&/ & $@&202. ± D ,&:$("0+
32*, 1& & $%-74*2. 9*6*2 (" & 4$? & (*'"0+ <$(&4.
=$2"@*"+& 4*+$ <& ,& 8& 12;'*#*. S2&/*#* 4-8 #")*+*.
B*/ (&1+,"@"+& ,* 37$6$7&@* ,&1-8,&,$ :" :2&/*'& !7*3&7*.
X(*,*# 1& 6* :2*(*+*:
± >& 7*6%"7*+& 2"∀ D14*8 /* 3$8$:,*, +* (1"<4$ /* 1(-7'"
47$+4$. =7&/" .2-,@&+$ /* ("/" 4*4(" 18& :" 6*%-74*2". >& ("
2-)*, (*'"0+ <$(&4 1-8!
± >*'"0+ <$(&4∀! ± &#"/,$ 3$3"+* 8*?$7-+.
I2*/"0+ 3$2"@*? 3$%-76* /* 3$01,":
285
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
± 46 ±
J7*+*+* 1& $+47&#,* " !7*3&7* 3$/*/& :2*(* /* $:2&/*. =$2"-
@*"+& 8-2<*#*, ,& 1& ;18"#(*#* 37"0+&214", ,$ 8$)& %" +*4* "
+70%(*'& /* %-/& ± ",*4 C0#* /* "6:2&)/*+ H*2'"($. =$2$)&-
,"&+$ %&'& ,*37&:,*+$ 6* (1"<4" ,".
± ["<$ E$,<$, C& +" (6&8*+ ,$)*. D +& ,08* /* (*/0+ $7-)"&,
*4$ ,& :" 37&/"6("4*'. I$20 +&!
!7*3&7* 6*1+*,* ,* 37*:*. .+$&'& 1 $+3;1,*+" 7-@&. ]87;-
@"+& 8; %0#* 1("+". J7*+*+* 1& #2$3,* 6*/ ,&:$.
I*?$7-+ /$?/& 37" ,*1:
± E$,<$, /*? ,$)*!
M$(/)"0+* 3$1&:,* 4-8 4$2*,* " "6%$%$+":
± Y& :$ H7-2*...
D 1 7064$ /(")&,"& 6*37*+" ,$)* ( %2"64"+& #7*1+". E(*8*
$+ 3$2"@*"+&, 4$"+$ %0#* 6*(*7/"2" #")*+*, +7&3,*#*. O/","0+
,*1$<" 3"1+$2&+* 1". J/":,*# 7-@& " C0# /* 37"6$(*(*8 6* 8"7.
G&H-+ "8 8& "637&(*7":
± .3$4$?,$! E$,<$, C& 1& 7*6%&7&8...
5&6 /* <*4* 3$4*,*, !7*3&7* 3$& 1*8 3$ 3-+&4*+*, 37*($ 4-8
/(*8*+* 3$2"@*", 4$"+$ <*4*#* +*8. =7&+-71"#* :$. .4$7$ $,&6"
287
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
9*6*# ,* 8*?$7*:
± 9*)" "8 /* 1& $+/*2&<*+!
± >&.
± 9*)" "8!
± J$/" :$ /$2;!
± 9*)" "8! 9*4($ "14*'∀ D $7-)"& (&<& ,08*.
± J$/" :$ /$2;, <&...
D,+;"@"0+* 8& )"2&'& 3$/ 2-)"<4*+*. .(204$# 1& ,* 6&80+*
" 37&:-7,*# 4$2&,&+& 1". 92*+&# :2*(* " ,*7&)/*#:
± Y& +70%(* /* 8& (2*<"+& /$ 4$2*+*. U"( 1-8, %2*:$/*7&,"&
,* +*4"(* 4*+$ <"<$ E$,<$. !& 8& "68-4,*#*, * %0# ,* 4$1-8 $+
18-7++* 37" $,"0 14*2". P ("& 4-/& %0#+&∀ 9-/& %&'& +"∀ P8"
+$?, *8" $,0∀ B* 37-( 3-+ (" (")/*8.
E&0,$( 3$%&20, 104*' :2&/*'& 37"67*4:
± =$8,0 12;<*0...
± P#*, %"2 1" ,* 8$1+*. Y$ 3$,& ,& 3$/:$," " 6*4$3<* +"0,
/&+$ ," 37*+"#* ( %&6/,*+*∀ .&:* ,08*'& /* %0:* +*4*...
J-67*1+,"0+ 3$2"@*? :2&/*'& +-3$. F&'"# /* 8; 3$8$:,*:
± E* 8& %&'& 6*3$8,"2 3$,& 4$? 1-8... .&:* 8$)& /* 1"
13&1+"8 :2;3$1+"+& 6* 2"<,*+* 4*7+*. 9*)" "8 /* 1& 8*#*+, <&
C& 1& "6/-,"' " ,* 3$37*("+&2,"0 "63"+! A1+*(" :$ 1&:*, ,& &
,* 1&%& 1". A%&C*(*8 +", <& 3$12& 1*8" C& /$?/&8 /* (" /*(*8&
$%01,&,"0! P6 ,& 2-)*.
I*?$7-+ "61;8+0, 3$(-7+0 1& " 3$1&:,* 4-8 7*/"$1+*,@"0+*.
D 4*6* ,* #$7*+* 1" /* 37&47*+0+ *4@"0+*. P +& 104*' ,& 3$-
(07(*#* ,* ;'"+& 1" ± 3$+-71"#* '&H* 1" 6* ("6;*2,$ 3$+(-7-
)/&,"&. E&0,$( 8*#,* 1 7-4* ,* $,&6" /$ 7&4*+* /* /$?/*+ 4-8
,&:$. .2&/ +$(* 3$(+$7" 7&'&,"&+$ 1" " 6* 3$2"@*0, 4$?+$ %&'&
"64*<"2 14*2*+*. D 3*4 8*#,*.
!7*3&7*, 4$?+$ %&'& ,* 8&+7" $+ (-7#*, 7*6%7*, <& :$7& ,04$?
:$ 37"<*4(*. .370 1&, 3$:2&/,* " ,*/$2;, * ,*47*0 " 4-8 ,*1 ± ,*
"6+$4. .2-,@&+$ (&<& ,*/,"<*'& 6*/ 32*,",*+*.
["<$ E$,<$ 3$1+*(" /2*, ,*/ $<"+& 1", 6* /* 1" 3*6" 10,4* ±
8"120, <& +-71&'& 8&,. B*1+*,*2 +*4*, 37"2"<*'& ,* ($?,"4,
4$?+$ 4$6"7;(*. D637*("# 1& /* 8& ("/" 3$-/$%7&. P +$? %7-4,*
( 3*,+*2$,* 1" ± +*8, 4-/&+$ /*)& 3$2"@*? ,& %" :$ $3"3(*2 ± "
"68-4,* 4*7+*+* 8". B*:2&/*, ( 8&,, 0 14-1* ,* 8*24" 3*7<&+*,
%*(,$ " 1 8,$:$6,*<"+&2," /(")&,"0. =$12*,"&+$ ,& 8" #*7&1*,
"6+-24;(*# :$ 4*+$: ⊗E* ,& 1& 6*%-74(*' 3*4 1 "8*,07"!≥
J-+7&',"0+ 8" :2*1 47&C&'& ,&C$ ;)*1,$.
290
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
291
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
± 47 ±
>&C$ <&7,$ 8& ,*+"1,*, * ( :-7/"+& 8" 6*1&/,* 2&/&,* %;@*.
B*%-76*, /* 8" 1& 37"+&<& ,* 3$8$C, H7*,@;6",-+ ,& 1& 0("
3$ +&72"@", 4*4+$ $%"4,$(&,$. .04*' ,04$? 8& #*2$1* $+ 20-
(*+* 1+7*,* ,* :2*(*+*. B*2"+,*# " 1& (4$3<"# ( ,04$:$ ± 8$)&
%" 82*/"0 3$2"@*?. !$? 8& 6*/-7)* " 8*24$ 3$-4-1,$ 1& ,*8&-
7"# 1&/,*2 1 7-@& $4$2$ 4$2&,&+&.
=$42*C*# 1&, /$4*+$ 1 8$0 3$47$("+&2 ($/& 3$7&/,"0 %&6-
8-2(&, 7*6:$($7. S2*(*+* 8" :$7&'&, * +$? 3$(+*70'& &/,$:
± S,&(&, 1". .8"7" 1&, +*4* & %"2$ 37&/$37&/&2&,$.
± >08* 6,*<&,"&...
± 5"2$ & ="1*,$. >08*' 37*($ /* /*(*' $@&,4*, C$8 +*4* &
$+7&/&,$... W13$4$? 1&! B,*&', %&1-+ & 2$' 1-(&+,"4.
± B,*8! A+"/& 1" 3$7&/,"0+ 47"($7*6%7*, " 47"($7*6%"7*C
<$(&4. ="1*,$ %"2$... =7-( :$ 4*6*#. >$ +$(* & %&6 6,*<&,"&.
± J1"<4$ "8* 18"1-2.
± 9*4-( &∀
A41"+*,&@* 8-2<&'&.
± I-2<"'! .*8$ ,&:$/,"4 1& $37*(/*(* 1 ="1*,$+$: ⊗5$: :$
& $+7&/"2, *6 4*4($ /* ,*37*(0∀≥
± !-71"' (",*∀!
± >& ± 4*6*# 1". ± .+*,*2$+$ & ,&3$37*("8$. P " <"<$ E$,<$
,& %&'& 1(&+&@... !$(* 1-C$ & %&6 6,*<&,"&. N02$+$ 1&8&?1+($
1& 6*+7"! !$(* ,& 8$)& /* & %&6 6,*<&,"&. 9*4-( & 18"1-2-+∀
± >& 6,*&8 ( @02$1+ 5$)"0+* ($20. >&(&/$8" 1* 3-+"C*+*...
± =*4 $37*(/*,"0 1-1 1-/%*+*. .+":*!
± >& 8$:*...
± .+":*! A%-74(*8 1&.
± !-71"' (",*. >& 8"12"' +7&6($. J1&4" <$(&4 "63*/* (-(
(-+7&'," 37$+"($7&<"0... D /* 1& 8*#,*, C& 7*6:$(*70' 1-1
1&%& 1". P4$ ,& 1* 8"12" $+ 3$/1-6,*,"&+$ +", C& 37"(2"<*'
,&3$6,*+" 8"12" $+ (1&8"7*. F*61+7$&, 1" " $C& 3$(&<& C& 1&
$%-74*'. =$/$%,$+$ 37"(2"<* 3$/$%,$ ± +*4-( & B*4$,-+.
± D +*4* /* &, ,& 8" $2&4(*... B*C$∀ B*C$ 5$: /$3;1,* /* 6*-
+7"0+ 3$7&/,$+$ 1&8&?1+($∀ B* 3$12&/,"+& 1+$ :$/"," ( 1-/%*+*
8" 1* +7". =-7($ ( M&,",:7*/. =$12& " $,$(* 1&8&?1+($, "6%"+$
$+ %7*+∂<&/*. P 1&:* S;12*@"+&! B*C$ ,& 8" 4*6*#* :$7&∀
± I$)& /* 1* 37&@&,"2", <& C& ,*8&7"' $+:$($7*.
± A+:$($7" 8,$:$. E7*8"+& 1* $+7&/&," /* ,*;<*+ <$(&4* /*
3$26(* ;8* " 1-7@&+$ 1", 4$&+$ :$ 37*(" <$(&4... >$ /7*8*+* 1
292
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
"/2;8 3F8>.8,
H98C6 -93 -8 8C56B8 .6 >30/A56=8,!
L53039/ .3 3 76@3. ),06 75303.
M6-<9 3 >76.61-39 ;3E >3-39.
G>3 #C<. >6 78 A5<-98.
G>3 L8>/7>3..
:$7"($+$ 8; C& & ,*(104-/&. S$7"($+$ & :-1+"0+ 12$? &+&7, 37&6
4$?+$ B&80+* C& 37&8",&, C$8 ,&%&1,"+& 4*8%*," (-6(&1+0+
/(*,*?1+"0 <*1. E;#$(,"0+ A:-, C& 32*8,& " C& "6:$7" (1"<4$
,*7&/. P,:&2" "/(*+ /* )-,*+, " +& 1* A:-,. >$("+& 42*/" 1* 6*
12;:"+& ,* 87*4*. .3*1&,"&+$ ± 6* 37*(&/,"+&, /$%7"+& .+$3*,".
D ( ="1*,"0+* & 4*6*,$, <& /$%7$+$ 1&8& C& %2&1,& (1(&+,&),
/$4*+$ /7;:" C& 1+*,*+ ,* 37*# " 1;#* +$7 6* ,"("+& ( "/,"0 ⊗(&4≥
,* .(&+2",*+*. >"8* " ( >$("0 6*(&+ ,& 3"'& 4*4($ C& 1+*,& 1
$,&6" /-7(&+* ± 3$-14$7$ /7-(,"@" ± 4$"+$ ,& /*(*+ 32$/$(&∀
J1"<4" C& :$70+. !&6", 4$"+$ C& ,*12&/0+ B&80+* ± 1-C$.
S$74$ ,* +$6", 4$?+$ (&<& ,& :$7", 6* /* 1& 37&<"1+"! S$74$ ,*
(1&4", 4$?+$ ,& (2&6& ( 1-:2*1"& 1 3$-:$7,"+& ,"(* ,* +7&3+&,"0!
D/& J"/$(/&,. J1&4" /* :$ 7*6%"7* 4*4+$ "14* " 4$24$+$ ;8
"8* /* :$ $18"12". =$/ ⊗4*6*,"+& ,* /0($2"+&≥, 6* 4$"+$ :$($70+
12*/4$/;8@"+& ( <&7,$, 3*4 "8* $:-,. >$ ( 1($&+$ %;4($0/1+($ "
3$+7&1,$ ,&(&)&1+($ +& ,08* 4*4 /* 6,*0+, <& +&6" 4*6*," ,& 1*
,"4*4 /0($214". !&6", 4$"+$ ,& 1& 37&<"1+0+, C& :" ,*+$(*70+ (
$:,&," 4$2&1,"@". =*4 A:-,! D +$<,$ 4*4+$ 1* 4*7*2" &(7&"+& (
37&+-34*," (2*4$(& 4-8 3&C"+&, +*4* C& 4*7*+ ,&:$/,$+$ 1&8&
4-8 /*2&<," " 87*<," 8&1+* ,* (1&8"7* ± +*8 C& "8* ;12$("0 6*
,&:$/,"@"+& /* 1& (",0+, 1-/0+, ⊗;8"7$+($70(*+≥ " /&8$47*+"-
6"7*+ ,* ($20. I"12&# 1" ± 137*(&/2"($ &, 3-4 " /$1+* 8-/7$.
!*4* <& " 1 X$2$4$1+* /* & 17*(,&,"&+$, A:-, C& "8*!
E$+;4 1 3$6,*,"&+$ " 1+*7"+& 37$7$<&1+(* 6* /,&',"+& #$7*.
J7&8& & /* "8* 7&/. >* (1&4" 1& /*(* 37*($ ,* "6%$7. I$)&
/* "6%&7& 7"814$+$ 37*($, 6* /* 1& 3$37*(". P 8$)& /* "6%&7& "
5$)"&+$ 37*($, 4$&+$ 1& 7&'"# /* 3"'* $C& ( 3-7(* 4,":*. B* /*
,*3$8,0 3$-(*),"+& B*4$," ,* (1&8"7*. D 6* /* ,& 3&0 6* 7&/,
%&6 /* /*(*8 7&'&,"0. 9$? 7*6%7*2 B*4$,"+& ± 7*6%7*2.
B* ,&/$7*6%7*2"+&... 5$: "8* $1$%&, 32*, 6* 5-2:*7"0 " 6*
$,&6" ,*7$/", 4$"+$ T 3$8*:*+ " C& $1+*,*+ ( 37&#$/,$+$ (7&8&
6* N*71+($+$. 5$)"0+* ($20 95,;76 /* 1& "63-2,0(*. D,*<& ,&
%"#* 1& 1%-/,*2" ="1*,"0+*. P +-? 4*+$ +& 78.6C8 1& 1%-/(*+,
6,*<" & 47*?,$ (7&8& 5-2:*7"0 /* 3$&8* ,*:$7&, 4-8 8"2"0 5$:.
=*/,*2"+& 1* %2*)&,"! X&8 1* 1+7*/*2" 6* /$%7$, #&8 8$:*+
/* 1& "637*(0+. .*8$ 3*/,*2"+& 1& "637*(0+. P ,"& C& ,*3$"8 "
"637*("8 .4"+14*+* 3;1+",0 6*&/,$. Y& 37&$+47"&8 ⊗,&%&+$ 1
/-)/*≥, 6* 4$&+$ 3&& E$,". 9$?, 4*4 ± (1&4"8; 13$7&/ 12;)%*+*.
± Y& "8 7*601,"'! B* +($0+* 12;)%*, 6* 6*/-2)&,"0+* ,* @*-
7&+& " +*6" ,* (1"<4" %7*+0. I$)&' /* 6*3-2,"' $C& ;7(*+*.
299
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
± 48 ±
A+(&/$#* 8& %&6 %&2&6,"@" ( 3$2"@&?14"0 ;<*1+-4. E*/$#*
8" /* 08 ± $+4*6*#. E*/$#* 8" ($/* ± 37"&#. >*1+$0(*#* /* 8&
4*7*+ ( %$2,"@*. D +$(* $+4*6*# 2R%&6,$. =7&6 +$(* (7&8& &/,"
3$2"@*" 4-/& 2" ,& 6(-,0#*. D 1 %*%* I*7"?4* 1& <;#*, " 1 /0/$
I"+4$, /*)& ,* O/" 1& $%*/"#*. A+ %"('"0 8" '&H %0#* $1$%&,$
(3&<*+2&,". !$? %&'& <$(&4 1 37&1+")&, 6*,*0+, * 2$'* /;8* ,&
4*6* 6* 8&,. P4$ ,& %7$"8, <& 1-8 /&+& ,* =7&#$/*, /"($ " $%-7-
4*,$, " <& ⊗+7;/,$ 7*%$+0 ( &4"3≥. !$(* (&<& 1" :$ 6,*&#*.
P +*4* "8 1& C&'& /* 1-8 $+ 4$,+",:&,+*, /7&%,"+& 7"%",
$,&6" 1 7&@"/"("+&. D 4*+$ ,& 8$)*#* /* 8& #(*,*+ ( 2-)*, 10-
4*' $C& ,& "8 1& C&'& /* 3$(07(*+, <& 1-8 +&#,"0+ <$(&4, 8&
,*4*7*#* /* 3"'*. =$%-74*# 1& $+ 3"1*,& 6* O(7&?14$+$ 4*2&. .
<*1$(& $%01,0(*# 4*4 1-8 3$3*/,*2 +*8, 3$6,*(*2 2" 1-8 "8*,0-
7"+&, 4*4 1-8 1& 6*3$6,*2 1 +0#, 4*4 1* 8& ,*("2" /* 7*%$+"8 6*-
&/,$, 4*4($ 2" $C& ,&↔
=$(&<& $+ 3&+/&1&+ 1+7*,"@" 1& 1-%7*#*. =-7(*+* <&7,$(* ,*
⊗=-+0+ 4-8 12-,@&+$≥ %&6 (+$7"0 /02 ± /7*8*+"<,"0 37"3&( 1
2"7"<,$+$ $+42$,&,"& ± " %&6 $,$(* 6* 37$%;)/*,&+$ " %"$:7*-
H"<,"+& &2&8&,+", %&'& 3"1*,* " ,*?-,*37&/ <&+&,* ( &/", 3$-
2"@&?14" ;<*1+-4. J1"<4$ 8; 1& (7-6(*'& ,* 8*?$7 E&0,$(, ,$
4*+$ <& ,& 8; 1& C&'& /* & %"2$ +$<,$ +*4*. B* ,&:$ (1&4" %&'&
3$/$67"+&2&, /$ /$4*6(*,& ,* 37$+"(,$+$.
J +$(* (7&8& ,04$" $+ #$7*+* 8; +70%(* /* 1* 37&2"+*2" 4*+$
1$4$2" $+ 14*2* ,* 14*2*. .-%"7*#* (&C&1+(&," /$4*6*+&21+(*. D
+& 3$+(-7)/*(*#* /;8"+& 8". 50# ("/02 4$2* ,* :2*($7&6", +&
%0#* ;%"2" <$(&4 ± <;)/&,&@, %0#* $1+*("2" " 12&/"+& 1". E& /*
%0#* ( 3$/6&8,"0 1(0+! A7:*,"+& ,* 7&/* :" %0#* 3;1,*2" /* "8
1& "632-6,*+ 8&)/; ;) 37*("+& " 6/7*(" 8-)4" 37-1+". D6-
%0:*#* :2*($7&6"+& ,04-/& 3$ 3-+"C*+* 3$/ 12-,@&+$, * 1 +0#
%&'& " /&2(* ,*7$/,$ 62*+$. =$2"@*"+& ( ;<*1+-4* (&<& ;8;(*#*
6* ,*<"," 4*4 /* (-7,*+ +7;3* ,* +;7<",* ( 7$/",*+* 8;.
D6/"7"#* " 2$(/)"0+*, 4$?+$ %&'& /$4*7*2 <"<$ E$,<$ 3-7($
/$ /;#$(,* :"%&2, * 3$12& " /$ 2$%,$+$ 8; 801+$. E7;:$1&2&@-+
$C& ,& %&'& "6+7&6,02, ,$ 3$+(-7/" /;8* 3$ /;8* 1+7*',$+$:
!7*3&7* ,& %&'& $+"'-2 /* +7&3& ⊗$87*6,"0 +;7<",≥ 1*8$ 6*C$-
+$ %&'& 3$/"(02 $+ 8-4* ± %"2 & +*8 /* 8& 13*10(*. J1"<4"
3$/7$%,$1+" %0#* ( 3$4*6*,"0+* 8". 50# 3"1*2 /*)& 6* $,6" H*-
+*2&, /&, 37&/" '&1+ :$/",". F*6+-71(*C"0+ H",*2 6*:*+(*'&
4*4 8*?$7-+ & 603*2 $+ 8$1+*, %&6 /* 1& 87-/,&.
302
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
± 49 ±
J-7,*#* 8& 1 3$2"@&?14* 4$2* 37&/ ⊗$%7*6@$("0 /$8≥. J20-
6$# ( 4-C*+* 37&6 ;2"@*+*. 5*%* I*7"?4* " /0/$ I"+4$ ,& 8&
$1+*("#* ,* 8"7* /$ (&<&7+* ± 7*63"+(*#* 8&, 37&:7-C*#* 8&,
@&2;(*#* 8&. 9*+$ <& :" %&'& " 1+7*# /* ,& #;4,* 3*4 ,*,04-/&.
D64-3*# 1& " 2&:,*# ( 1+*0+*, 4-/&+$, *4$ 5$: %&'& 3$)&2*2,
1 (,;<4*+* ,* 1+*7@"+& 8$)& /* )"(&&8 ( 1&214* "/"2"0.
E7;:$ %&'& ="1*,$. E*,"&2* /* & /*2&< $+ /$8*, *6 3-4 /* 3$130
,* ($20 ± 8*4*7 " %&63*8&+,$, /* 1-8 $+,$($ 1 S&7:*,* :$7&,
17&/ 074"+& 6(&6/". =7&/" /* 6*130, 1& 3$8$2"#. 52*:$/*7"# ,*
5*C* 1" 6* (1"<4$. B* 7*,"+& $+ 3$%$0 ,* +;7<",* ± 1-C$.
.3*2 1-8 4*+$ 6*42*,. .-%;/" 8& 4*8%*,&, 6(-,, ,$ ,& %&'&
,&%&1&,. .&214*+* <&74(* (-6(&1+0(*'&, <& "637*C*8& 3$7&/,"0
%7*+. .+*,*# " $+"/$# /$ 37$6$7&@*. =$ (*7$1*,"+& /-7(&+* 47*?
;2"@*+* ("10#* 147-%,"+& (&1+" ± $1+7" 4*%-7<&+* :" /-7)*#*
,* 37&+7-3,*2"+& +&2*. =*4 1& "64-3*# " 12&/ +$(* 1-1 1+*7@"+&
3$12&/(*#8& (-7($2"@*+* 6* 3$:7&%&,"&+$.
50#* 1& ,*1-%7*2" #$7*, ,& & 4*+$ /* ,08*'&. !7*3&7* "8*'&
8,$:$ 37"0+&2". !*8 %0#* " 8-)&+& $+ 2$(,*+* /7;)",*, " /7;-
:$1&2&@-+... P 8*?$7 E&0,$( 8" ,$1&'& 7*/$1+," (&1+". A+ "/-
,"0 8&1&@ 8$)&# /* 6*3$<,* 12;)%* 4*+$ ,$($+$ :$714$ <&,:& ,*
$4$2"&+$. 52*:$/*7"# 8; " $%&C*# /* 6*3$8,0 $%7*6* 8; 1 ,&C$
#;%*($ ± 1 ,&C$ 3$(&<& $+ +$(* ,* &/", *4+V$7.
A+/*2&<& 12;'*# 3$3*. >& "14*# /* 1& 37"%2")*(*8, 6* /* ,&
6,*8 /*2" <"<$ E$,<$ %&'& ( $+($7&, 4$(<&:, "2" 6*+($7&,. 50#
8; $%&C*2 /* :$ 3$8,0 )"( " "637*(&,. =-4 " 8,$:$ 42R4*74"
1& %0#* ,*1-%7*2" $4$2$ +7*3* ± ';',&#* 1", <& 1-8 1& (-7,*2,
:*/*&#* 6*C$ 1 7$/"+&2"+& 8" 6*%0:,*#8& ( .$H"0 37&/" :$/"-
,", 37&/*(*#* 3$/$67&,"0+* 1" 6* 47*0 ,* E$,<$ !7*3&7* $+ ;1+*
,* ;1+*. >& "14*# /* :" 18;C*(*8.
.+$0# ,*1+7*,* " 8"12&# 6* 8$" 1" ,&C*...
I"12&# 4$24$ #;%*($ 3&& 3$3-+. I"12&# 1" 6* +-? ,*7&<&,$-
+$ 1"8($2 (&7;R ,* 37*($12*(,", 4*+$2"@" " /7;:", ,*7"<*C"
1&%& 1" #7"1+"0,". E$4*+$ (1"<4" ,* :7$%"C*+* %0#* 3$+-,*2" (
147-%, *6 1& 7*/(*# ± <& 1-8 ⊗&7&+"4≥! !*4* " ,& 1& 37"8"7"# 1
$,*6" %$:$12$(14* 8"1-2, <& <$(&4 12"6* /* 1& 7$/" 4*+$ +&2&, /*
7*%$+" " )"(&& 4*+$ ($2, * ,*47*0 /* 87& ( 3-2,$ ,&(&)&1+($.
X;%*(* ,*/&)/* ,$1" (07*+* ( %;4(*2,$+$ (-647&1&,"& ± 2&1,* &
6* 7*6%"7*,&, +-? 4*+$ ,& & ,*/:7*/&,* 1-1 6,*,"0. P 3$,&)& &
:$2* (07*, 1-%2&<&,* $+ 6,*,"0, & &/,$... 2&4$(&7"&. .;&(&7"&!
305
=K!L! 9KI .MK>NO!A
± 50 ±
=$3-+ 1" $+"/&, 7*6$+"(*#* 1& " /7;:"+& $3&<*2&,". 92R4*7-
4"+& 1& 6*2-:(*#*, <& :2&/*8 7"+;*2* $+/*2&<&, 6* /* ,& (")/*8
S&7:*,","0 :7$% ± $+ 8-4*. 9*4 1& 2-)&#* 6* 4$:$ 8" & 8-<,$!
>$ " +& 1" $+"(*#*, :2*1$(&+& "8 6*:2-#(*#*.
310
9P9JA!A A9A >O O JDUEPMA
312
!"#$%& '&$(#$(&!
!"#$%$ &"-'()%"
± 51 ±
!"#$ %#&'$, %()*( #+ ,-./$ "$ &/0&/$, $ 1& 2$%$ 3.+4+*(, 4(5+
"$ 1+ "(6-03$ &0& 6.(4+#). 7(3$ 82& #$ *-.6+#&+ & 14&.+#&+.
9&613$:+ 4& 48/&%$0#&)* 1-6.(3(" #$ ;&'80%& /$ <&#$0$, %$*(
3-3 <&04(3 +6(1. =+;$*$ #$ >.+?("$ 4#('( (,&2$4+ +6(1&*+ ±
,&,0+@1%&, <+#*-/&, 4+5"8/3+/"#&, 31)%$%3&. A#$+? %$%3( &1-
%$4, #( #+ /#$+? *+* "$ '( 6(082$ ± 6.+#$.+5"$? '0$3&*+, 6("-
.)/3$? &/0&:#(*( ± /$ ;&'80%&*+ *$%$ & #+ 1+ #$4&.$:+ 4)1*(.
B)%(& (* 1C5+*#&*+ #&:%& 31+ (1*$3$?$ #+"(60+*+#&, %(+*(,
(*%-"+*( & "$ '( 6('0+"#+4, + 0(:( 13-.:+#$ .$,(*$. D$,(*+? &
/$ 14+*%$ #$ 1-#) ± #&E(. B&*( ;&'80%&*+ 283$?, #&*( 3&5"$?
%.-6%& /$ 1%.(+#(*(. F'0+5"$? 1+, '0+"$? ,-./, 4-02$? 1 '(0$*$
#$"+5"$, 2+ *$%$ E+ 28) (*#)%-"+ .+:+#&+ /$ 6.(,0+4$ ± #&E(!
G+.'$#$ #+ &"3$:+, 4$%$. "$ ,+:+ (,+E$0$. G#+3)? 1+, 2+ #+
4& 6(4$'$, %$*( *$%$ (E+ 6(3+2+ '.+:$? 3 .$,(*$*$. A#$+?, 2+ *)
"-.5& #$ "$"+#$ "84$ ± 3 *(3$ (*#(:+#&+ + 6ζ 4-5 (* 4-5+*+ ±
#( &1%$? "$ 6(,-./$. 9&613$:+ 4& 6(3+2+ (* ;&'80%&*+.
A$ 14+*%$ #$ *(3$ 6-% &"3$?$ (*%-"+ 0& #+.
B$4&.$?$ 4+ & 3 ?&5$*$, & 3 %-E$*$ #$ ,$,$ H$.&@%$ & ")"(
H&*%(. >(2#$ 1+ 1 0&0$3$*$ ,&0%$ ± %$*8.0&@2+*(, %()*( 6&+?
3+2+.. >.+"& "$ /$16), 1)%$: #+E( 4+ ,0-1%$:+ 3 '0$3$*$ & 28-
3$? '0$1(3+. B$ 4-5+ & 5+#&, $ 1-E( & "+;$. B$@-#$6.+" ,)?$
6(%(@#&;& (* I-0'$.&), %(&*( %$/3$?$ 6( #+E( #+.$/,&.$+4( &
1%(.( 1& (*&3$?$. =84&*+ &4 ,)?$ 6(-1%(.( %$*( 4&1-0, %()*(
6(1*+6+##( 1+ 6.()3)3$:+ 3 %$.*&#&.
J0+" *(3$ &"3$?$ & (* ".8'& %(#*&#+#*&. !"&# 4-5 (* !'&6+*
1+ (60$%$, 2+ /$'&#$0 6.& 1,0-1-%$ #$ /$,-./$#& 30$%(3+. >$%
(* K<.&%$ "(@"+ "+*+ "$ 60$2+, 2+ 1+ 8,&0( 1-1 /$(1*.+# %(0 ±
(E+ #+(6&*#(, &1%$0( "$ + '(0)4 0(3+;.
>L7M7 NLH J9LBO!7F
J6.)? '(. >(&1%$? "$ 4& %$5+ "$0& (E+ 3-.:++ /$ /0$*(. I&0
(*%$/$0 /$#$)*$. >( #+'(3&) %.$@ #+ 1+ &/"-.5$0( & &"3$0 "$ 1&
*-.1& %-E$ /$ #(3 5&3(* 6( #$:+#1%(. G(.+ 4+ ,)?$ 6(";+#&-
0& ± #+ (2$%3$? #(3&*+ &/6&*& "$ 1$ *(0%(3$ 6.(/.$2#&.
>.+"0(5&? #$ ,-0'$.&#$ "$ 1+ #$1*$#& 3 4()*$ %-E$ & "$
4$?#+ %$3&2%&*+ (* ⊗(,.$/;(3&) "(4≥. >.+;+#&?, 2+ E+ + #85#(
8*(2#+#&+:
± Q "$ #+ 3"&'#+: 3*(.$ ,$#%$ P$*&%$#$! Q1%$4 4-5 "$ 1+
.$"3$ #$ 5+#$ 1&, 5+#$ ± #$ 4-5$ 1&, "+;$*$ ± #$ E$1*0&3& .(-
"&*+0&. >-% & ,$,$ H$.&@%$ "$ 13&%3$ 1 3$1. =$ 3& '0+"$, "(%$*(
1& 4&+ 6.(/(.;&*+, 2+ 1*+ E$1*0&3& 6( "3(.$.
± =$ *& "$4 #)%(@ 0+3 /$ %-E$*$...
± B+, "(1*$*-2#( +, 2+ E+ ) 1*+'#+:. B)%(@ "+# & 4(@*+ ?(.$
4(5+ "$ 1+ 3-.#$*, E(4 (1-/#$)*, 2+ 1$ .(,& #$ ,$#%$*$.
H+?4+" 6$% (*3(.& 81*$.
J6.)? '(:
± D$/,.$?4+ 1+. Q1%$4 "$ 1& 4& "0-5#&% /$ 3*(.& 6-*. >Η1*&
6$.&*+ /$ ,('(8'("#& "+0$! A$1+'$ 4& *.),3$: /$ 6+:%$.
± >+:%$... ± 1)%$: 1+ (,&"& *(@.
± >.$3+"#$ 6+:%$ #$ ,+0&*+ 1&0&. Q 2&2( =(#2( ,+:+ 6+:%$,
#( '( 5+.*3$?$ 3 285"( 6(0+. >( 6.$3&0$*$ #$ &'.$*$ 1+'$ 2$%$4
"$ 4& 3-.#$* ;$.&;$*$. 7) + 13(,("#$ "$ 1+ "3&5& 3-3 31&2%&
6(1(%&, "$5+ 6( 3+.*&%$0$*$! K/ 6-% 1-4 (* %(##&;&*+, '$"#&
<&'8.&... >.$3&4 :$?, #( 6.+"& #)%(@ 2+.+# ;$. 3/&4$4+ &0&
(<&;+., &0& 6.(6$'$#"+# *(6. G(.+ 1& &'.$)* *-.6+0&3( #$ :$?
%$*( &#"&@1%&)... P("&4 3(@#$ 1.+E8 2+.#&*+ <&'8.&, $ #(3$*$
&'.$ 3&#$'& 6(23$ 1-1 13+*0&*+.
± T$:%-#&&.
H+?4+" 1+ 14++:+. A$.$/& 4+.
P+2+ 6(-1+.&(/+#, 6("$"(? .-%$ "$ 6.&%0C2&4 1"+0%$*$ /$
"$.+#&+*( #$ %-E$*$. J.+E#$? .$/,&.$#+.
± K! B+ *& %$/$?, 2+ 1-4 #(3&)* '(.1%&. >(/".$3& 4+! >(10+
E+ #$'0+"$4+ +"#( &4$#+. =(#+1(?*+ 4& (#$) %$.*$, #+ 1& 108-
2$@#( (*#(3( *8%, *$%$ 2+ E+ *+ 3/+4$. R+ 4& *.),3$ & 6(4(E...
S$1 6(-%-1#( 1 H+?4+" ,)?4+ 3 ?&5$*$.
7(@ ) ('0+"$ & ,-./ 4& 1+ 3&"), 2+ #+ + &/60$:+#. P&1:&*+
1&0& 4& 3-.#$?$ ).%$ "8:$, %()*( #)%(@ "+# ± 4(5+ ,& 3 +"#$
".8'$ %#&'$ ± 3+2+ #)4$ "$ + *-.1$2 & 1-,&.$2 #$ 1-%.(3&E$, $
E+ + 9(3+; #$ &/'8,+#& "8:&, I(5&+*( &4$#+.
317
>L7M7 NLH J9LBO!7F
± 52 ±
>(13+*&? ,-0'$.&#$ 3 #)%(& *$@#&. N$/$? 31&2%(, %(+*( 4(-
5+:+ "$ .$/,+.+. N$% 1-4 1+ "(1+*&0, 2+ 1 *8.2&#$ 1$ &4$#).&, &
/$E( 1-4 '& &/4-2&0 6( /$(,&%(0#$*$ 6-*+%$, "(%$*( 1*&'#+4 "(
(#(3$ %0+*( "-.3( 1 +.+*&2#&) %.-1*.
± I$0$4(13$: 4+ #+E(! P&%$:, %$.*$*$ 1*$#$0$ #$ ,+0& 6+-
6+.8"&. N$% E+ #$4+.&4 4)1*(*( 1+'$∀
± B+ 4+ 108:$:, H+?4+"... N$.*$*$ 4& *.),3$:+ %(0%(*( "$
.$/,+.$, 2+ *$4 &4$ #+E(. I+:+ 4& & %$.*$ /$ ⊗'(.+≥. P1&2%( 1+
3&5"$ 3 (#$/& N#&'$! D$/,.$? %$%3( &4$ 3 1%$0&*+, %('$ + (1*$-
3)#( #$@-#$6.+", $ 6(10+ & 6.+/ 3+%(3+*+. N(@ '( + 1%.&0 *$4 &
/$E(. U$0%( /$ %$.*$*$, 1+'$ #)4$ %$% "$ .$/,+.$ %$%3( 6&:+:+
#$ '0$'(0&;$*$, #( #+ 4(5+ "$ /#$+4 31&2%(. P$5#(*( + "$ /#$+4
3$5#(*(.
± T$:%-#&&.
± B+%$!
H+?4+", %(@*( ,+:+ 3-.:$0 3 ;)0$*$ 1*.$#$, /$ 6.-3 6-* '(
"(1*.$:$ &1*%& (* &4$#+*$. F2$%3$? *(2#( *(3$. Q 1+ /$4&1-
0&? %$% "$ 48 6(4('#$ (%(#2$*+0#( "$ /$,.$3& /$ ,-./&*+ 6$.&.
P/+?4+ #+(,?("&4(*( (* %$,&#+*$ 4& & 1+ %$2&?4+ #$ 3&1(%&*+
/$6$"#& 1%$0& 1.+E8 !3.+@1%(*( %$0+.
Q/2$%$?4+ "$ 1+ 14.$2&.
>(4(E#&%-* 4& 6(6&*$:
± N(@ E+ 10+/+∀
± 7&.
± A$E( $/∀
± A$E(*( 1& 6(" 4() (6+%$.
± >+:%$...
± K?$! ± 814&?#$? 1+ ")3(0&*(. ± H(@*$ .$,(*$ + "$ *+ '0+"$4
(*3&1(%(, "$ *+ 6$/). N(##&%-* 4(5+ "$ #+ + )% %$*( *+,+, #( E+
*+ &/*+'0& (* 4.$%$. F,+E$3$4. >(4('#& 4& "$ 1681#+4 3-5+*(!
H$0%( 6(-%-1#( H+?4+" 1+ 1681%$:+ 3 +"#$ "86%$, 6("(,#$
#$ (#$/& 3 !3.+@1%(*( %$0+, #( 6(-60&*%$ & 6(-*)1#$. J*.$?-* #$
,&3:&) &4$#). #$.$1*3$:+. P&5"$? ,-./ ± *.+6*+#&)*$ #$ 13+*-
0&##(*( 48 *)0( 1*$3$?$ #&/?(")E&. 9&2+:+ & (* <+#+.2+*(.
± Q/'$1& '(!
± 7-4#( + %$*( 3 '-/.
± Q/'$1& '(! H(5+ #)%(@ "$ #& 3&"&. =(08 &4$ *$@#&, "+*( 1+
6$/)* (* ?&0)"& '("&#&. Q *$%$ E+ ,-"+ (E+ #)%(+ 3.+4+...
9+'#$? 6( %(.+4, ?3$#$? 3-5+*( & #$"$"(? 8?(.
318
HF!7F =!7! ± HFM7K IQI9QM
± 53 ±
I$,$ H$.&@%$ 1+ /$6-#$ "$ 6("10(#& 3.+4+##( ⊗*8.;&*+≥.
D+:&? "$ V 6(4('#$ /$ 6.$3+"#&) &/,(., %$*( 1& 3"&'#$? 1$%$
& 0$6*(6$ ± 6.+4+1*&? 1+ "$ 5&3+) /$ 6(1*()##( 3 ?&5$*$. J0+"
%$*( (13(,("&? 1*$)*$ #$ =$#&+0$, 1*$.$*$ 1+ 1-'0$1& "$ 6.&C*&
,+'-0;&*+ (* 4("+.#(*( ⊗P.+4+ .$/"+0#(≥. >.+"6(2+*+ "$ #+ +
1$4$. H+1+; 6(-%-1#( E&6+:+ ,8/%&*+ #$ ⊗*8.2+*$*$≥, %$%*( #+
,+:+ 6.$3&0$ "$5+ 1 .("#$*$ 1& 3#82%$.
=)"( H&*%( 1& &4$:+ "3+ "$4$"5$#& .$%&).
H+?4+" E+:+ "$ 4$?$ %$3&2%&*+ (* ⊗(,.$/;(3&) "(4≥ 2$% "(
/&4$*$ & "$ 1+ #$#+1+ 1-1 1+4+@1*3(*( 1& 6.+/ 6.(0+**$. =( %.$)
#$ 0)*(*( & 6.+/ ;)0$*$ +1+# $/ 6-% .$,(*&? (E+ 3-.?8 6-.3$*$
%#&'$ & #$.+"&? 60$#(3+ /$ (E+ "3+. ⊗>-*)* %-4 10-#;+*(≥ 1&
2$%$:+ /$3-.:+%$, #( 1-1 1-.;+*( 1& 81+E$?, 2+ 3+2+ + #$,0&/(.
P1+ 6(-2+1*( 1+ 1+E$? /$ 1*&?(3+ #$ >8:%&#:
P *(/& 5&3(* 4(5+ "$ ,)? #+8% 1+0)#&#, #( *(3$ #+ 4& 6.+-
2+:+ "$ 1+ 0$1%$) /$ %#&'$*$. 7$%$ + 6.$3&0 & >8:%&# #$3.+4+*(.
320
HF!7F =!7! ± HFM7K IQI9QM
324
!
!"#$%&#'(%)*+
GB.I3+=*3 <=+;0/+5*0413 C+
'@H@M(@-O$ $($"$'T@,E$ ± 6L31.=8+1+ 23 B0 <?=;+5483
.C38 3 =31.5+165+ : 4.=48010 04*0:*0 6L3=3>.. D+ 8*3;31. 3 L.
2. 8+5+7. /+ 6L+ 413F0:. *+3C641. @ L. *. 23 B0C:0=9:+7. /+
4./9 B5.;?5<.*. M9 B?5:+ 23 *+B02*3, L. L0:.8 . 3CB5+:.*391 ±
3 80;+10 4./3 *+ L3*+, 3 *+:498?/. B0 :4980 :5.2..
*
"=+;0/+5*04131. 4.8:+1, C+ /+ B5./=0A+ <0;06;0/*+ 5+<01+ *+
50/0=S<3:31. 3C/+1.=3. H0=9, +80 32+ A.=+.>, /+ 3C/+/. ./*+
8*3;+ C+ 6L31.=3 *+ K+1 O0*50N 01 1972 ;. ± 7ΚΗ :∆ΩΗΥ ,ς :ΛΓΗ.
@ 20=9 /+ <?/. B5.:./.*+ 8+10 ⊗&1:?/ :0/*+1+ 735≥.
&4:.* 2+=80 5.7.*3. *+ /6F0:*39 B50<=.2, /+:+2 3 *+L+=.*
10* 4 +*;=3N48+1+ *+50/*+ B.4.* : *+L+=010 *+ 1+C3 8*3;+:
K34+1.=483 <=+;0/+5*0413: