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! E$#@- 3 /56;31. .=0F323, 80310 3/:+F+ /+ B02+;+1.


-+ G:. H3*+ C+ 380*+1+, 80910 4?>0 B020;*+ C+ ./*+ ;=+:+.
-+ 45?<4839 4:.1.I J413* K0B0:3L C+ L6/*31. /623.

! D,H-@M, 23 (&'@M,#@ 01 10C3 A3:01, 80310 *. 4+ 1+83:+,


8+8:310 4+ 0B34+*3. @2+2 68=0* 8?2 /5+2+1+ 3 B5.I.*3F, L. >.
. B0=.C*0, +80 9 @0=D<162A =<B<>0.
@ : G83148+1+ B6413*9, 3 B0 /56;31....

@ 01/.=*0 <=+;0/+5*0413 C+ *+N-<=3C831. 23 F05+:

! H$H$ ± C+ ;53A31. : C/5+:. 3 2?83, C+ 4+20A.51:31....


! M$MO& ± C+ ;53A31. 3 1.A8+1+ 5+<01+, C+ 34105331....
! "($M 23 3 G-$P$ 23 ± 1. 01B+/*+F+ 01 8*3;+1+, *0 19 . C+
<?/*3*31. *+ L6/*31. B=.2.**3I3, 4 80310 2. /+53F+.
-+ 50/*3*31. *+ 4*+F+ 23 ± 4?>0, C+ :43L80!
! "$"@M, ± C+ :43L83 2+NL3*483 ;53A3, B=.1.*31. /5.783,
*+ *+50/+ B.4*31., B538+C831. 3... ;0C<31.!
@ *+ B080N*+1+, 3 *+ 0>. A3:+1+.
! ')'&EQ@M, ± 80310 *. A3:9F+ /?=;0 /+ 4. 0B0C*+.2, B0*.
*. B53A3:.. -+ ./3* 01 19F . 32.10 *+ 8053I+1+ ± /+ 4. 5+/:+.
*
"=+;0/+59 3 *+ 4+*<.5*+5+ R5+*80, 80N10 12 ;0/3*3 23 <.7.
:.5.* 3 *.*+15+BL3: B5391.=. ,/3* 80**38 . C+*38?/. <.C 86L.,
80.10 /+ ;0 6L3 *+ 4235.*3. 3 :4.01/+N*+ =S<0:. T3:01*31. 4+
*+73 <5+19 ± 2+8+5 *+C+/ B0 K?19, 32+1 *+7+1+ D+:.1*+ Q.=...
"#$%&'$(-&GM@

@ 0>. <=+;0/+5*0413 C+:

T31.=31. *+ 4. $-M&- ± B0=0A.*3.10 *. . 10=80:+ 415+7*0,


80=8010 4?2 B0/L.51+= /.<.=0 : /5+2+1+. ".=3 /020:. >. 32+
2*0;0 3 : <?/.>.. "=+;0/+59 :3 C+ B5./+*391+, ;0410=S<3.10,
3C=.131. 3 4B=.1*31. *+ 8=S8+5831.. @ C+ /56;04.=.I+, 80N10, C+
/0<50 3 C=0, *. . 4?:4.2 /56;04.=.I...

GB.I3+=*3 <=+;0/+5*0413 C+
'@H@M(@-O$ $($"$'T@,E$ ± 6L31.=8+1+ 23 B0 <?=;+5483
.C38 3 =31.5+165+ : 4.=48010 04*0:*0 6L3=3>.. D+ 8*3;31. 3 L.
2. 8+5+7. /+ 6L+ 413F0:. *+3C641. @ L. *. 23 B0C:0=9:+7. /+
4./9 B5.;?5<.*. M9 B?5:+ 23 *+B02*3, L. L0:.8 . 3CB5+:.*391 ±
3 80;+10 4./3 *+ L3*+, 3 *+:498?/. B0 :4980 :5.2..
*
"=+;0/+5*04131. 4.8:+1, C+ /+ B5./=0A+ <0;06;0/*+ 5+<01+ *+
50/0=S<3:31. 3C/+1.=3. H0=9, +80 32+ A.=+.>, /+ 3C/+/. ./*+
8*3;+ C+ 6L31.=3 *+ K+1 O0*50N 01 1972 ;. ± 7ΚΗ :∆ΩΗΥ ,ς :ΛΓΗ.
@ 20=9 /+ <?/. B5.:./.*+ 8+10 ⊗&1:?/ :0/*+1+ 735≥.
&4:.* 2+=80 5.7.*3. *+ /6F0:*39 B50<=.2, /+:+2 3 *+L+=.*
10* 4 +*;=3N48+1+ *+50/*+ B.4.* : *+L+=010 *+ 1+C3 8*3;+:

#4567 5372848 9:;


2< =3>8 78 ?;<?@A58=,
8 1: 20=8= : B;:@8.
'8=<;:9 @: @37B8 C8 758=8,
758=8 D< 0 ?;<B31:=, 4:,
=30 E:148 @FG35, : 8C.

O0N10 32+ 673 ± /+ 4=67+!


$80 :4. 0>. 4. *+235+1 50/0=S<3:3 23*34153, *.8+ B=+191
C+ *+50/*010 /.=0 3 /+ /+591 6L.<*38+ *+ /+48+=31..

P3B085+10:3 <=+;0/+5*0413 *+:

#,O$(@M, 3 G,GM(@M, 01 40U3N48+1+ E&,--$ "&#-@Q$ ±


C+ ;53A31.: B5./37*31. 3 *0:31., 80310 >. 4+ /0A3:01.
-+ /-5 K3=.:+ C+ *. . ./*0 3 /:., *0 *+N-:.L. C+ C?<31..
-+ 41. 4.415+ G=+:0:+ C+ 3C<+:=.*3.10 01 :0N*38=?8+.
328
"#$%&'$(-&GM@

H*0;0 <=+;0/+5*0413 32+2 C+:

T31.=31. *+ ;5. G$-OM K,M,("V(% ± C+ ;53A31. : 23*+=39 3


*+4109>39 23 A3:01. W3L0 M0=9 3 =.=X0 M+2+5+, 2+8+5 3 :.L.
5+C/.=.*3, :3*+;3 >. :3 B02*9 4 /0<50. @ *+ I.=39 :3 *+50/ 01
209 *0: *+50/ <=+;0/+59 C+ ⊗&4:0<0A/.*3.10≥. Y. 26 2+F*.2
8+:3L831., 80;+10 41+*. /6F0:*0. O+:3L831. 4+ 1.A83 080:3.
@C;=./+F B?5:39 U3=2 C+ :43L83 203 B5.:?B=?>.*39 :?: :+-
7.10 83*0 ⊗K502.1.N≥. P+5.4+ 23. K02*9 ;0. E3. B02*.1., L.
<9F1. ;0=3 3 /3:3, + <?=;+531. :3 3C8?B+F+ 4?4 4:.1.*+ :0/+ 3 :3
0<=980F+ 4?4 G=0:+. K?5:010 8?B+*. *. . ;5?I80 ± 3 :+4 =?A+1!
K34+F 2091+ <3<=39 4 10B=3 234=3 3 C+ :+4; L. . 4?>010...
K5./=+;+2 :3 9 8+10 4:0.;0 50/+ &;*.*0 85?>.*3., B0/0<*0
*+ 0*0:+ 01 K502.1.N ± 34B0=3*+, 080:+* : 25+8+ *+ O+:8+C831.
B=+*3*3. E5?>+2 :3 C+ :43L83 64=6;3 3 ⊗64=6;3≥, /+A. 4 =3F:3.
M.C3 =3F:3 *. 4+ 8+10 *+ L.5*31. <+*83, + /.5+1 80A3 C+ /0<50 ±
=2 9/<63<6< 06/:61<! Y. 41+*.. H0A. 4 :+4 /+ 4. B0L*....
@ 0>.: 2?L.*3I31. C+ <94 4+ =?A=3:3 2?L.*3I3. D+80*!
D*+2, L. 2*0C3*+ 01 :+4 *92+ /+ 2. B04=67+1, *0 4?2 /=?A.*
/+ 8+A+ 4=./*010 C+ 73508+1+ 5648+ /67+, 80910 E8B8 4B+4.*3..
GB+4.*3.10 43 :.L. *92+ /+ *+2.531. *310 : O+:8+C, *310 >. ;0
*+2.531. *+ C+B+/ 4=./ :5.2.. K02*.1., 10 43 . :?: :+4.
Y. 4. C+<+:3, *0 >. /0N/. ± 01 ⊗;05.≥. E95+ : "0;+ 32+N1.!
@ <.=31., 3 L.5*31. U3;653 :=84< ;8G348 C+ :?57.*., B5./3
&;?*91 /+ B5086/3 25+8+. E43L80 32+ 4234?=. ,/3* /.*, >02
B+51391+ 7+F 4:?573, >. 4. 6:.531., L. C=010 :0/3 /0 /0<50. $
1.C3, 80310 4. 0B+C91 01 /3:010, >. 4. 5+/:+1. $C *. =?A+.

&;*.*+1+ 80=.4*3I+ 4B35+ /+ B04=67+ =S<3231. 43 B.4*3.

7+( /21∋21 6(66,21 25&+(675∃ ± 26C38+1+ :3 . 01 "0;+,


*0 04150:?1 :3 . B0/ L.5*+ 086B+I39. H*0;0 853:3*3 32+1. ± 3
8?2 <?=;+531., 3 8?2 /56;3 *+50/3. K0:.L.10 01 19F . 8?4*0 /+
3CB5+:31.. O0N10 =37+:+ L6A/ *+50/ 01 C.29 (64=0:39 C+ 5+C-
:313.) ± ;6<3 4:091+. ,/3* :4.235.* D+80*, 80N10 B0 156/*39
*+L3* >. *+6L+1 3 /56;3 *+50/3 (.C3I3). @ /+ *. <.7. 1+8?: D+-
80*?1, 41. B0.=3 B0 ./3* B?1, 01 80N10 <?=;+531. 4. 0B31:+1,
2+8+5 2*0;0 156/*0, /+ 4. :?5*+1. -310 :3A/+1. *+8?/. 013:+1.
(+ 32+1. B5050L.41:+1+ *+ &56.=!), *310 8+8:0 >. :?57+1 1.B?5:+
L.5*31. I+5. 4 :+731. 32+*.1+.
329
"#$%&'$(-&GM@

-.:.A.41:010 4+20 B0 4.<. 43 *. . 0B5+:/+*3..

&B3 =3;<43 G67< 4:H3 C8 20B3>3,


D< < 18=3 C8 32<C:, B3:43
78@: 18 314;35, C8 78 :=84 1?81<2:<.

E5?>+2 :3 L+41 01 B.4.*1+, B53 10:+ /0:0=*0 *+:5.2..


"?=;+531. /+/0F+ /020:. C+ 2*0;0 01 :+4 *+ 2+=839 ⊗04150:≥,
80N10 *980;+ 32 041+:3F1. ± :+731. L.5*3 I+5. 0>. >. 05.A+1.
-0 20A. 3 /56;3 01 :+4 /+ B53S132. $ L.5*+1+ :3 85+=3I+, 50/ϕ
*+ ⊗*+739≥ O0<65;, 32+ 80=0*33 3 B0 /56;3 C.23.
E3. 3C<35+1. 80N, 80;+, 8?/. 3 /+=3... O0N 5+C<5+= ± 5+C<5+=.

∋81( ± /.1.10 *+ K5.F0/+ B0.2+ 0<5+1*0 8?2 50/3*+1+ 43,


*0 *92+ 8+8 /+ *. 4B5. C+ 23; *+/ %.52+*39, C+ /+ B04=67+ ./*+
;56B+, 80910 ;0 /+59:+7. 4 20/.5*3 B.4*3 ± 980 1.F*0 ± *0 4?>0
4 L6/*3 8=+4383 C+ /67+1+. K.4*31. :3 4+ :.=383.
K04=+*391+ 23 C+ :+4: M0C3 B?1 %0; 3 H+;0; B?5:3 >. 4. S5-
*+1 *+ B0F0/. G.>+1. 4. C+ 8+8:0 ;0:059. E.L. L6:+2 B=+L+ *+
*.2483 <5+19 3 4.4153. -. 20A. /+ 4. B5./01:5+13, *0 20A. /+
4. 42.8L3! M0:+ 0<+L. *92+ /+ 41+*., +80 ;=./+1. *+ 3C108 C+ .:-
13* ;+C 3 /+=+:.53 4 /673 *+ :+73 <5+19, + *. : 0L+8:+*. *+ <9-
=010 4=?*I..
"=+;0/+5*0413 C+ B.4*31., C+ %X01., *0 3 (6/0=U Y+N*.5!

'&"(@- E,O@#&E ± '&-@ ± B0*980;+, /08+10 C+4B3:+2, B5./


0L31. 23 23*+:+ 415+**+ 8+513*+. -. 23 /+:+1 /+ 9 B50:.59 :
0*+C3 O*3;+, *0 *.>0 23 B0/48+C:+, L. . 3413**+. E3A/+2 4. :
41+50 :5.2. ± /+=.L. *+ 3C108 ± 8+10 ;0=0;=+:0 202L. 4 +C3+1483
L.513. ,/3* 01 B5391.=31. 23 . /56;0 1+80:+, 4 *.;0 42. F=+B.1+ ±
20*+43 : ⊗P5+2+ 4 L.5:.*31. 4:.>3≥.
VL31.=91 *3 . 41+5 2?520580 3 2*0;0 .84I.*153L.* (=6/). G
209 B5391.=, 80N10 23 <.7. 8+10 450/*+ /67+, *+N-0<3L+F2. /+
/5+C*32 41+5.I+ ± C+ 7+5.*31. L05+B3, 80310 <9F+ *.>0 L6/*0 C+
0*.C3 2.41+, C+ 10:+ 8+8 ;0:053 (<.7. ;?;*3:), C+ 8+8:0 =3 *.. -9-
2+F2. 415+F! -92+F2. 45+2 3 4B35+L83...
@ C:6I31., C*+.7, 3/+1 01 ⊗;05.≥. '+A. *+N-2?/531. C.2*3
6L31.=3 32+1 L+7+ *+ 1?5B.*3.10, 80910 : ./3* 23; B5.=3:+.
K508=. *3 41+5.I?1, 2+8+5 /+ *3 0<3L+7. 8+10 50/*3 43*0:..
H.*, 8+10 B0-;0=92 <?5<0580, B508=. /+ ;0:059 2*0;0 3 /+ *. 2.
330
"#$%&'$(-&GM@

5+C<35+1. $ B5391.=9, 80N10 0>. 10;+:+ <.7. /0<?5 B.:.I, /+


B.. 4?>010, 80.10 ;0:059 +C, *0 3 *.;0 /+ *. 5+C<35+1:
⊗!=8 I3>, ?3->3;2: 15<435<, :=8 J0@8 7AH3528 51<@<28...≥
@ :4. 43 234=9, L. *+ 10:+ /5.:*0 B508=913. . <3=0 K34+*0
/+ 4. B5.:?5*. : <=+;04=0:39 : *+73 /*3. @ C+ 2.*, 3 C+ 209 41+5
B5391.=, 80N10 041+*+ 1+8?:, 2+8+5 /+ *3 01L6A/3F+ :.80:.1..
"0A.41:.*+ . 26C38+1+ 3 L.410 3CB5.:+5:+ L0:.7831. 4=0:+.
@CB5.:+5:+ ;3 3 4 B5050L.4831. I3;6=83 *+ 1+C3 1:09 B.4.*:

I0@8 ?;:B8CB8 B;8K =<2 ;814<


1 8;3=84 28 7:5: J5<435<,
8 G<9< =8@B8 5E<;8.
⊗+:58 ;3C8≥
.318 J5<435< ?3B;:58,
1A4;:2 28 2<L2314 : $5<4@:28...

@ /56;0 ± ⊗"G3262 (*380;+ *.) 9@5≥! G+20 4. B5.4156:+ *+


C+4B+=+. K37.1. 3 B.N1. B0:.L. 1+83:+. ;-)

K34+1.=483 <=+;0/+5*0413:

-+ :43L83 <5+19 3 4.4153, 80310 B02+;+F+ B0 5+C*3 *+L3*3.


-+ *+N-=6/31. <0N*3 /56;+53 *. 23 . /+/.*0 /+ 4B02.*+:+2
32.*+1+, *0 1. 43 C*+91, L. C+ 2=+/31. /673 1+8+ . 5./*0 ± B0
B=0/0:.1. *+ /.=+1+ /+ 4. B0C*+:+1.

,#@Q$ M&'&(&E$ ± 2091+ 5./+81058+, 80910 : 1.A83 /*3 23


B020;*+ /+ 43 *+2.59 5+<01+ 4 B34+*.. M9 B5+C*6:+ 32.* /.* *+
Q:.1*3I+ 3 C+10:+ 2. B0/5./3 4 1.A83 C+8=3*+*39. -.N*31. 4?-
:.13 3 8531383 B5086/3F+ B0:.L.10 01 *3C731. /6F0:., 80310 4.
<9F+ B502?8*+=3 : 20.10 /0=*0 1:05L.41:0. @ . L0:.8, 80;010
<3F A.=+= /+ B0C*+:+2 :?: E.L*0411+.

G&-) @#@,E$ ± 4?>0 209 5./+81058+ 4 *.0<91*+ /67+.


-. . 4 32. *+ I:.1., *0 . A3:0 /08+C+1.=41:0, L. B<>5 >5>55
20;+1 /+ :35.91 /+A. / B>26060. K0 *.N*0 6B05310 *+4109:+*.
B5.*+B34+F *+N-<.4*+1+ ;=+:+. D+B?:+F 4. /3:+783. M9 /?5A.7.
*+ 4:0.10. M:?5/0;=+:3.10 *3 32+7. 4234?=! K5+:+1+ <.7. 19.
$ 8?/.10 . G0*9 ± *. . /+=.L 3 H$(%$(@M$:
/56;0 I:.1., 80.10 2*0;0 ;0 <3:+ : ;0*.*.10 *+ <.40:.1. 23.
331
"#$%&'$(-&GM@

O($G@H@($ GM&)-&E$ ± C+/.10 *+ /:+ B?13 01/.=3 :5.2.


C+ 1.=.U0**3 5+C;0:053, 2+8+5 /+ *. 4. B0C*+:+2. =3L*0. #.4*0
20A. /+ 4. B50:.53 80N B0=C:+ 32.10 *+ E+*;+ C+ =3L*3 0<=+;3 ±
3C:+/.1. 10:+ 32. 01 /+/.*+ 8*3;+ 3 :3A1. 8+8:0 041+:+.
-+/9:+2 4., +80 *980;+ B50L.1.1. 2091+ <.CB=+1*+ <3<=39, /+
*+2.531. 32.10 *+ =.=9 43 : 45./+, 80910 Z B53=9;+; 45./+, 80910
*. ;6<3 *3>0 01 8+L.41:+1+ 43 3 <.C B50L61010 32..
G291+2, L. 8*3;+1+ 41+*+ =8@B3 B0-/0<5+, C+>010 3 E+*;+ .
./*+ 01 *.N*31. ;.503*3. O+810 C+ 4.<. 43 C*+2, L. 41+*+F B0-
/0<?5, >02 4 *.9 B=.10F2. *+4?*: 50/3F 4. 01*0:0 ⊗'3231?5≥,
80.10 >. 5.L. ⊗B04:.1.* *+ B=0/050/3.10≥, /0<?5 G10B+*3*.
-0 /+ *. B0/I.*9:+2. =8@B343 /0<50!
'0<5010 43 . /0<50, *.C+:34320 01 80=3L.41:010. D+80*.
@ /+ 43 C+:?5732 :10539 5+C;0:05 ± *.8+ *. :3 5+C4150N:+1
2*.*391+ *+ 4=+/80/62I31. C+ =.=9 :3! M. 4=6A+1 *+ 2*0;010
⊗Q?58:3≥ : 0>. B0-2*0;010 ⊗F534139*483≥ /?5A+:3. K5050I31.
4+ *+/*+I30*+=*3 ± 4=6A+1 *+ "0; 3 ⊗*+ 4831, 3 *+ .=3*, 3 *+...≥.
M+8+ . <3=0, 1+8+ 3 >. <?/. /0 O5+9 *+ 10C3 ⊗:.8≥ ± *380N *.
. B53C*+1 B50508 : 40<41:.*+1+ 43 415+*+. -0 *. . 2*0;0 /+=.L
:5.2.10, 80;+10 51:EB: : <723 Q+541:0 >. 4:.191 3 B505086:+1.
-.8+ U3=040U3 3 <0;04=0:3 43 4B0591 4 2031. 01850:.*39!

O&#,%@M, ± B04:.>.*3.10 /+ B37+, 80=8010 /+5<+ 32+2, .


01 :+4. G *9803 041+*+F2. <=3C83, + 4 /56;3 B?13>+1+ *3 <65*0
4. 5+C/.=3F+. E4.83 ;5.73, /08+10 5+41.. ".C ;5.783 *. 20A.. -+
:+731. B50>+:+2. D+ 2031. ± :3. >. B50>+:+1.! E5.2.10 B?8
>. B08+A. /+=3 3 *+50/?1 >. B50413 C+ B0A?=19=+1+ B5.4+.
H0A. <3 5+C62*010 . 4 :5.2.10 /+ *. 041+*. *3>0 C+ B5078+.

K04=./*31. <=+;0/+5*0413 3 B04=+*39 4+ C+ 2+=831. 73@A.


$80 "0; . 5.8?=, B04=./*31. >. 4+ B?5:3 3 ;0=.23 >3;<.
-0 >. 4. *+=0A3 2+=831. /+ B5.0185391 D+80*+ C+ 4=6A<+1+.
O0N >. 8+A. ⊗-, *+ 415+F+≥, C+ /+ B3. : <?/.>. G:.1=3*+∀

-+ 2?/5.I31. 01 3*/3N4839 8=0* *+ "5+141:010 *+ G:.1=3*+1+,


C+/.10 4=6A+1 L3410 3 >./50 *+ "0A391+ B0:.=9 3 2. /+53F+ 4
B65+*+1+. D+ /+ 42. C+./*0 #0:I3 *+ 3C;6<.*31. /673 : 25+8+.
@ *+ <?=;+54839 *+50/ C+ :43L80, 80.10 *980;+ /+/. 3 /+:+.
K=+13F C+ 0*.C3 41+53 ;5.F0:.. E?5*+F1. 43 ;0 1?B8+*0.
E5?>+2 :3 64=6;31.. D+ "0;+, 4.;+ 4. B5.L341:+N1. :3.!
332
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