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Large Span Structures

When is a span a large span???

When, as a consequence of the size of


the span, technical considerations are
placed so high on the list of
architectural priorities that they
significantly affect the aesthetic
treatment of the building.
Large span
structures
Solid
structures

Skeletal
structures

Surface
structures
Geo-Desic Domes
The Montreal Biosphère, formerly the American
Pavilion of Expo 67, by R. Buckminster Fuller, on Île
Sainte-Hélène, Montreal, Canada
The Climatron greenhouse at Missouri Botanical
Gardens, built in 1960, inspired the domes in the
science fiction film Silent Running.
A Geodesic dome and its Dual
MADRID BARAJAS
AIRPORT BY RICHARD
ROGERS
FACTS
. The main components of the design include parking
facilities, a terminal building and a satellite or midfield
terminal building, totalling some one million square metres

capable of handling 35 million passengers a year

Up to 40 boarding gates for schengen passengers directly


attached to the terminal
CONCEPT
A model of legibility, with a straightforward
linear diagram and a clear progression of spaces
for departing and arriving passenger.

Initial sketches
    Legibility:
A straightforward linear diagram and a clear progression of
spaces for departing and arriving passengers contribute to
the legibility and usability of the terminal for passengers
and workers alike.
    Energy:
While no specific environmental criteria were stipulated in
the brief, the design team set out to maximise natural
daylight to all passenger areas and reduce dependence on
artificial light, while providing views out and reducing solar
gain with extensive external shading.
    Public Realm:
The grand scale of the terminal, in particular the canyons
and the main entry hall generate a truly significant public
space for use by all passengers.
CONSTRUCTION
The concrete work is in-situ,
JOINARY DETAILS
Millenium Dome
Type - Exhibition space
Architectural style - Dome
Structural system - Steel &
tensioned fabric
Completed – 1999
Architect
Richard Rogers
Structural engineer
Buro Happold
Services engineer
Buro Happold
Awards and prizes
Royal Academy of Engineering
MacRobert Award
Designed
with
respect to
“TIME”

Twelve 100 m-high yellow support towers, one for each month of the year
or each hour of the clock face
365 m in diameter — one metre for each day of the year
52 m high in the middle – one for every week of the year
Max span is 225 m – representing the workin days in a year
Olympic Stadium (Munich)
Broke ground
1968
Opened
26 May 1972
Surface
Grass pitch
Architect
Frei Otto
Gunther Behnisch
Hermann Peltz
Carlo Weber
Capacity
80,000
The Munich Olympiastadion
JAPAN PAVILLION -
PAPER TUBE STRUCTURES

EXPO 2000 HANNOVER - Germany


Architect : Shiguri Ban
Concept and working ideas by Frei Otto
Paper Strut’s and Roofing detail
Birds Nest
FACTS
Location Beijing, China
Building Type Public olympic sports stadium
Construction  Steel frame and fabric linin
Climate Temperate
Date 2008   Timeline
Architect Herzog and de Meuron
g
CONCEPT
PEOPLE ORIENTED DESIGN
g
Construction

Jacques Herzog,
Pierre de Meuron
Pre- construction process 2003
Pile construction process 2004
The primary steel structure of the Stadium
includes 24 curved double columns spaced
regularly around the building perimeter.

Secondary and tertiary curved


structural elements overlay
the primary structural grid.
Each column was fabricated on the
ground and set in place, with nodes
ready to receive other members of the
superstructure.

The concrete interior structure of


Horizontal trusses intersect at many
Beijing National Stadium was in
locations as they span from the
place before work began on the
perimeter columns to the central
steel exterior
ring

Stairways wind through the exterior


structural frame of Beijing National
Stadium.
Zero-layer construction scene
Welding
of
joints
Each steel column location bears an
equal share of the superstructure's
weight, which totals 45,000 metric tons

The complex overlapping steel


structure, though largely open,
creates a psychological buffer
between inside and out.

A translucent shading system is


affixed to the underside of the
stadium's structure.

Beijing National Stadium seats


nearly 100,000 spectators.

Unusual light fixtures hang


within the steel framework of
Beijing National Stadium.
Two storey
structure
construction scene

Four storey
structure
construction
scene
Concrete floor construction completion
March 10,2006 construction scene
March 22,2006 construction scene
Construction
scene in first
week of June,2006
Work at
progress
Construction
scene , June
10, 2006

Facade-Steel
Truss
instal-
lation
complete
Interior view
Water Cube
TheBirdsnest_Trailer_web.wmv

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