Title 24, Part 2, Volume 2, Slice 2, 2007 California Building Code

8

CHAPTER

16

STRUCTURALDESIGN

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SECTION

1601

GENERAL

1601.1Scope.Theprovisions

of

thischaptershallgovernthestructuraldesign

of

buildings,structuresandportionsthereofregulatedbythiscode.

1601.2References.[OSHPD2JAllreferencedcodes

and

stan-dardslistedinChapter

35

shallincludeallthemodificationscontained

in

thiscodetoreferencedstandards.Intheevent

of

anydiscrepancybetweenthiscodeandareferencedstandard,refer

to

Section101.7.1601.3Enforcementagencyapproval.[OSHPD2JInaddi-tion

to

therequirements

of

CCRTitle

24,

Parts

1

&

2,

anyaspect

of

projectdesign,construction,qualityassurance

or

qualitycontrolprograms

for

whichthiscoderequiresapprovalbythedesignprofessionalarealsosubject

to

approvalbytheenforcementagency.

SECTION1602DEFINITIONSANDNOTATIONS

1602.1Definitions.

The

followingwordsandtermsshall,forthepurposes

of

thischapter,havethemeaningsshownherein.

ALLOWABLESTRESS

DESIGN.Amethod

of

proportioningstructuralmembers,suchthatelasticallycomputedstressesproducedinthemembers

by

nominalloadsdo

not

exceedspecifiedallowablestresses(alsocalled"workingstressdesign").BALCONY,

EXTERIOR.

Anexteriorfloorprojectingfrom

and

supportedbyastructurewithoutadditionalindependentsupports.

DEAD

LOADS.Theweight

of

materials

of

constructionincorporatedintothebuilding,includingbutnotlimitedtowalls,floors,roofs,ceilings,stairways,built-inpartitions,finishes,claddingandothersimilarlyincorporatedarchitecturalandstructuralitems,andtheweight

of

fixedserviceequipment,suchascranes,plumbingstacksandrisers,electricalfeeders,heating,ventilatingandair-conditioningsystemsandfiresprinklersystems.

DECK.

Anexteriorfloorsupportedonatleasttwoopposingsidesbyanadjacentstructure,and/orposts,piersorotherindependentsupports.

DESIGNSTRENGTH.

The

product

of

thenominalstrengthandaresistancefactor

(or

strengthreductionfactor).

DIAPHRAGM.

Ahorizontalorslopedsystemactingtotrans

mit

lateralforcestothevertical-resistingelements.Whenthe

term

"diaphragm"isused,itshallincludehorizontalbracingsystems.

Diaphragm,

blocked.

In

light-frameconstruction,adiaphragminwhichallsheathingedges

not

occurringonaframingmemberaresupportedonandfastenedtoblocking.

2007CALIFORNIABUILDINGCODE

Diaphragm

boundary.

Inlight-frameconstruction,alocationwhereshearistransferredinto

or

out

of

thediaphragmsheathing.Transferiseithertoaboundaryelement

or

toanotherforce-resistingelement.

Diaphragmchord.

Adiaphragmboundaryelementperpendiculartotheappliedloadthatisassumedtotakeaxialstressesduetothediaphragmmoment.

Diaphragm

flexible.Adiaphragmisflexibleforthepurpose

of

distribution

of

storyshearandtorsional

moment

wheresoindicatedinSection12.3.1

of

ASCE

7,asmodifiedinSection1613.6.1.

Diaphragm,

rigid.Adiaphragmisrigidforthepurpose

of

distribution

of

storyshearandtorsionalmomentwhenthelateraldeformation

of

thediaphragmislessthanorequaltotwotimestheaveragestorydrift.

DURATION

OF

LOAD.

Theperiod

of

continuousapplication

of

agivenload,ortheaggregate

of

periods

of

intermittentapplications

of

thesameload.

ENFORCEMENT

AGENT.[OSHPD

2JThatindividualwithintheagency

or

organizationchargedwithresponsibility

for

agencyororganizationcompliancewiththerequirements

of

thiscode.Usedinterchangeablywith"Buildingofficial"

or

"CodeoffiCial."

ESSENTIALFACILITIES.

Buildingsandotherstructuresthatareintendedtoremainoperationalintheevent

of

extreme(environmentalloadingfromflood,wind,snoworearthquakes.

FABRICPARTITION.

Apartitionconsisting

of

afinishedsurfacemade

of

fabric,withoutacontinuousrigidbacking,thatisdirectlyattachedtoaframingsystem

in

whichtheverticalframingmembersarespacedgreaterthan4feet(1219mm)

on

center.

FACTOREDLOAD.

Theproduct

of

anorninalloadandaloadfactor.GUARD.SeeSection1002.1.

IMPACT

LOAD.Theloadresultingfrommovingmachinery,elevators,craneways,vehiclesandothersimilarforcesandkineticloads,pressureandpossiblesurchargefromfixed

or

movingloads.

LIMIT

STATE.Aconditionbeyondwhichastructure

or

memberbecomesunfitforserviceandis

judged

toben610ngerusefulforitsintendedfunction(serviceabilitylimitstate)

or

to

be

unsafe(strengthlimitstate).

LIVE

LOADS.

Thoseloadsproduced

by

theuseandoccupancy

of

thebuildingorotherstructureanddo

not

includeconstructionorenvironmentalloadssuchas

wind

load,snowload,rainload,earthquakeload,floodload

or

deadload.

LIVE

LOADS(ROOF).

Thoseloadsproduced(1)duringmaintenance

by

workers,equipmentandmaterials;and(2)

3

Em

=

F

=

Fa

=

H

=

L

=

L

r

=

R

S

=

T

=

STRUCTURALDESIGN

duringthelife

of

thestructurebymovableobjectssuch

as

plantersand

by

people.

LOADANDRESISTANCE

FACTOR

DESIGN

(LRFD).

A

method

of

proportioningstructuralmembersandtheirconnectionsusingloadandresistancefactorssuchthatnoapplicablelimitstateisreachedwhenthestructureissubjectedtoappropriateloadcombinations.Theterm"LRFD"isusedinthedesign

of

steelandwoodstructures.

LOAD

EFFECTS.

Forcesanddeformationsproducedinstructuralmembersbytheappliedloads.

LOADFACTOR.

Afactorthataccountsfordeviations

of

theactualloadfromthenominalload,foruncertaintiesintheanalysisthattransformstheloadintoaloadeffect,andfortheprob

ability

that

morethanoneextreme

load

willoccur

simultaneously.

LOADS.

Forcesorotheractionsthatresultfromtheweight

of

buildingmaterials,occupantsandtheirpossessions,environmentaleffects,differentialmovementandrestraineddimensionalchanges.Permanentloadsarethoseloadsinwhichvariationsovertimearerareor

of

smallmagnitude,such

as

deadloads.Allotherloadsarevariableloads(seealso"Nominalloads").

NOMINALLOADS.

Themagnitudes

of

theloadsspecifiedinthischapter(dead,live,soil,wind,snow,rain,floodandearthquake).

OCCUPANCY

CATEGORY.

Acategoryusedtodeterminestructuralrequirementsbasedonoccupancy.

OTHER

STRUCTURES.

Structures,otherthanbuildings,forwhichloadsarespecifiedinthischapter.

PANEL(PARTOF

A

STRUCTURE).

Thesection

of

afloor,wall

orroof

comprisedbetweenthesupportingframe

of

twoadjacentrows

of

columnsandgirdersorcolumnbands

of

flooror

roof

construction.

RESISTANCE

FACTOR.

Afactorthataccountsfordeviations

of

theactualstrengthfromthenominalstrengthandthemannerandconsequences

of

failure(alsocalled"strengthreductionfactor").

STRENGTH,NOMINAL.

Thecapacity

of

astructureormembertoresisttheeffectsofloads,asdeterminedbycomputationsusingspecifiedmaterialstrengthsanddimensionsandequationsderivedfromacceptedprinciples

of

structuralmechanicsorbyfieldtestsorlaboratorytests

of

scaledmodels,allowingformodelingeffectsanddifferencesbetweenlaboratoryandfieldconditions.

STRENGTH,

REQUIRED.

Strength

of

amember,crosssection

or

connectionrequiredtoresistfactoredloadsorrelatedinternalmomentsandforcesinsuchcombinationsasstipulatedbytheseprovisions.

STRENGTHDESIGN.

Amethod

of

proportioningstructuralmemberssuchthatthecomputedforcesproducedinthemembers

by

factoredloadsdonotexceed·thememberdesignstrength[alsocalled"loadandresistancefactordesign"(LRFD)].Theterm"strengthdesign"isusedinthedesign

of

concreteandmasonrystructuralelements;

4

VEIDCLE

BARRIER

SYSTEM.

Asystem

of

buildingcomponentsnearopensides

of

agaragefloororramporbuildingwallsthatact

as

restraintsforvehicles.

NOTATIONS.

D

=

Deadload.

E

=

Combinedeffect

of

horizontaland

vertical

earthquakeinducedforces

as

definedinSection12.4.2

of

ASCE7.Maximumseismicloadeffect

of

horizontalandverticalseismicforces

as

setforthinSection12.4.3

of

ASCE7.Loadduetofluidswithwell-definedpressuresandmaximumheights.Floodload.Loadduetolateralearthpressures,groundwaterpressureorpressure

of

bulkmaterials.Liveload,exceptroofliveload,includinganypermittedliveloadreduction.Roofliveloadincludinganypermittedliveloadreduction.Rainload.Snowload.Self-strainingforcearisingfromcontractionorexpansionresultingfromtemperaturechange,shrink-

age,

moisture

change,creep

in

component

materials,movementduetodifferentialsettlementorcombinationsthereof.

W

=

Loadduetowindpressure.

SECTION1603CONSTRUCTIONDOCUMENTS

1603.1

General.

Constructiondocumentsshallshowthesize,sectionandrelativelocations

of

structuralmemberswithfloorlevels,columncentersandoffsetsdimensioned.Thedesignloadsandotherinformationpertinent

to

thestructuraldesignrequiredbySections1603.1.1through1603.1.8shallbeindicatedontheconstructiondocuments.

[OSHPD2JAdditionalrequirementsareincludedinSection

7-115

and7-125

of

theBuildingStandardsAdministrationCode(Part

1,

Title

24,

eeR).

Exception:

Constructiondocumentsforbuildingsconstructedinaccordancewiththeconventionallight-frameconstructionprovisions

of

Section2308shallindicatethefollowingstructuraldesigninformation:

1.

Floorandroofliveloads.

2.

Groundsnowload,

Pg'

3.

Basicwindspeed(3-secondgust),milesperhour(mph)(kmIhr)andwindexposure.4.Seismicdesigncategoryandsiteclass.

5.

Flooddesigndata,iflocatedinfloodhazardareasestablishedinSection1612.3.

1603.1.1

Floor

liveload.

Theuniformlydistributed,concentratedandimpactfloorliveloadusedinthedesignshall

2007CALIFORNIABUILDINGCODE

8

o

C)

ooo

----

..

_._

_

-

beindicatedforfloorareas.Use

of

liveloadreductioninaccordancewithSection1607.9shallbeindicatedforeachtype

of

liveloadusedinthedesign.1603.1.2

Roof

liveload.The

roof

liveloadusedinthedesignshallbeindicatedforroofareas(Section1607.11).1603.1.3

Roof

snowload.Thegroundsnowload,

P

g•

shallbeindicated.Inareaswherethegroundsnowload,

PC'

exceeds10poundspersquarefoot(psf)(0.479kN/m

2

),

thefollowingadditionalinformationshallalsobeprovided,regardless

of

whethersnowloadsgovernthedesign

of

theroof:

1.

Flat-roofsnowload,

P,

2.

Snowexposurefactor,

Ceo

3.

Snowloadimportancefactor,

1.

4.Thermalfactor,

C

r

1603.1.4

Wind

design

data.

Thefollowinginformationrelatedtowindloadsshallbeshown,regardless

of

whetherwindloadsgovernthedesignofthelateral-force-resistingsystem

of

thebuilding:

1.

Basicwindspeed(3-secondgust),milesperhour(km/hr).2.Windimportancefactor,

I,

andoccupancycategory.

3.

Windexposure.Wheremorethanonewindexposureisutilized,thewindexposureandapplicablewinddirectionshallbeindicated.4.Theapplicableinternalpressurecoefficient.

5.

Componentsandcladding.Thedesignwindpressuresinterms

ofpsf

(kN/m

2)

tobeusedforthedesign

of

exteriorcomponentandcladdingmaterialsnotspecificallydesignedbytheregistereddesignprofessional.1603.1.5

Earthquake

design

data.

Thefollowinginformationrelatedtoseismicloadsshallbeshown,regardless

of

whetherseismicloadsgovernthedesign

of

thelateral-force-resistingsystem

of

thebuilding:

1.

Seismicimportancefactor,

I,

andoccupancycate-gory.2.Mappedspectralresponseaccelerations,

Ss

and

Sj'

3.

Siteclass.4.Spectralresponsecoefficients,

SDS

and

SD/'

S.

Seismicdesigncategory.

6.

Basicseismic-force-resistingsystem(s).7.Designbaseshear.

8.

Seismicresponsecoefficient(s),

C

s.

9.

Responsemodificationfactor(s),

R.

10.

Analysisprocedureused.1603.1.6Flooddesign

data.

ForbuildingslocatedinwholeorinpartinfloodhazardareasasestablishedinSection1612.3,thedocumentationpertainingtodesign,

if

requiredinSection

1612.5,

shallbeincludedandthefollowinginformation,referencedtothedatumonthecommunity'sFloodInsuranceRateMap(FIRM),shallbeshown,regardless

of

whetherfloodloadsgovernthedesign

of

thebuilding:

STRUCTURALDESIGN

1.

Infloodhazardareasnotsubjecttohigh-velocitywaveaction,theelevation

of

theproposedlowestfloor,includingthebasement.

2.

Infloodhazardareasnotsubjecttohigh-velocitywaveaction,theelevationtowhichanynonresidentialbuildingwillbedryfloodproofed.

3.

Infloodhazardareassubjecttohigh-velocitywaveaction,theproposedelevation

of

thebottom

of

thelowesthorizontalstructural

member

of

thelowestfloor,includingthebasement.1603.1.7Specialloads.Specialloadsthatareapplicabletothedesign

of

thebuilding,structure

or

portionsthereofshallbeindicatedalongwiththespecifiedsection

of

thiscodethataddressesthespecialloadingcondition.1603.1.8Systems

andcomponentsrequiring

specialinspections

for

seismicresistance.Constructiondocumentsorspecificationsshallbepreparedforthosesystemsandcomponentsrequiringspecialinspectionforseismicresistance

as

specifiedinSection1707.1bytheregistereddesignprofessionalresponsiblefortheirdesignandshall

be

submittedforapprovalinaccordancewithSection106.1,

AppendixChapter

1.

Referencetoseismicstandardsinlieu

of

detaileddrawingsisacceptable.1603.2Restrictions

on

loading.Itshall

be

unlawfultoplace,orcauseorpermittobeplaced,onanyfloor

or

roof

of

abuilding,structureorportionthereof,aloadgreaterthanispermittedbytheserequirements.1603.3Live

loads

posted.Wheretheliveloadsforwhicheachfloororportionthereof

of

acommercial

or

industrialbuildingisorhasbeendesignedtoexceed

50

psf

(2.40kN/m

2

),

suchdesignliveloadsshallbeconspicuouslypostedbytheownerinthatpart

of

eachstoryinwhichtheyapply,usingdurablesigns.

It

shallbeunlawfultoremoveordefacesuchnotices.1603.4

Occupancy

permits

for

changed

loads.Occupancypermitsforbuildingshereaftererectedshallnotbeissueduntilthefloorloadsigns,required

by

Section1603.3,havebeeninstalled.

SECTION

1604

GENERALDESIGNREQUIREMENTS

1604.1General.Building,structuresandpartsthereofshallbedesignedandconstructedinaccordancewithstrengthdesign,loadandresistancefactordesign,allowablestressdesign,empiricaldesign

or

conventionalconstructionmethods,aspermittedbytheapplicablematerialchapters.1604.2

Strength.

Buildingsandotherstructures,andpartsthereof,shallbedesignedandconstructedtosupportsafelythefactoredloadsinloadcombinationsdefinedinthiscodewithoutexceedingtheappropriatestrengthlimitstatesforthematerials

of

construction.Alternatively,buildings

and

otherstructures,andpartsthereof,shall

be