EFFECTS OF VITEX

NEGUNDO
(LAGUNDI) ON THE
CARDIAC FUNCTIONS
OF TURTLES
O B JE C T IV E S
OBJECTIVES
•
•
• To determine the chronotropic, inotropic, and
dromotropic effects of lagundi extracts on
CVS function of turtle
•
• To compare the chronotropic effects of
lagundi extracts from neostigmine and
epinephrine on CVS function of turtle
•

INTRODUCTION
Vitex negund
o Linn.
Vitex negundo Linn.
 Family Verbenaceae
 “Lagundi” / “Nirgundi”
 Characteristics:
–large shrub or sometimes a small slender tree
 with thin grey bark, branchlet glandular, whitish with a
fine tomentum
–Leaves
 3-5 foliate, acute
 Terminal leaflet 5-10 by 1.6-3.2 cm long
 Lateral leaflet smaller with a very short petiole, all nearly
glabrous above, covered with a fine white tomentum
beneath
 Acute base
 common petilate 2.5-3.8 cm long.
Vitex negundo Linn.


• Laboratory studies:
• V. Negundo materials exhibit a wide range
of biological and pharmacological
activities
• Substantiate the therapeutic use of this
plant in traditional medicine



Vitex negundo Linn.
 Several possible active chemical constituents:
– Flavonoids (major)
 Casticin
 Orientin
 Isoorientin
 Luteolin
 lutecin-7-O-glucoside
 Corymbosin
 gardenins A and B
 3-O-desmethylartemetin
 5-O-desmethylnobiletin
 30, 40, 5, 50, 6, 7, 8-heptamethyoxy flavone.
– Iridoids
– Terpenoids
– Fatty acids
Vitex negundo Linn.


• Medicinal Uses:


• colds, flu, bronchial asthma, chronic

bronchitis, and pharyngitis
• rheumatism, dyspepsia, boils, and leprosy
• Expectorant
• diarrhea and cholera
MATERIALS AND
METHODOLOGY
SUBJECT
•
•
• Medium – size turtle
MATERIALS
•
• Normal saline solution (NSS)
• Medicine dropper (1mL = 20 drops/qtts)
• Turtle’s board
• Timer
• Cotton thread
• Cotton
HERBAL PLANT
•
•
•LAGUNDI = 50% S.D. 50g/100mL =
500mg/1mL
•1mL = 20 qtts
METHODOLOGY
1.
2.Prepare the Lagundi (50g/100mL) by
decoction (up to boiling) Meanwhile
3.Put a turtle on the turtle board
4.Secure the turtle on the board by tying its
four legs and lower jaw
5.Remove the plastron and expose the heart
by dissecting the pericardium carefully
6.Keep the heart moist with NSS and observe
for 30 minutes. After which
METHODOLOGY


 6.Use medicine dropper to instill 1mL

of Lagundi (prepared by decoction)
directly to the heart muscles and
observe
7. Do not wash the heart area after
instillation of the decocted Lagundi
METHODOLOGY
8.Observe and record the following
parameters on cardiovascular functions:
9.
 a. Average force of contraction per 5
minute frame (inotropy)


 b. Average heart rate per 5 minute

frame (chronotropy)


 c. Duration of systolic and diastolic

rhythm (dromotropy)

METHODOLOGY


F = force of contraction (inotropy) / 5 min every

1 min(ave)
 = (+) weak, (++) moderate, (+++) strong


HR = heart rate (chronotropy) / 5 min every 1 min

(ave)
 = actual count / minute


R = rhythm (S/D) (dromotropy) / 5 min every 1

min (ave)
 = R (regular), IR (irregular)
METHODOLOGY
9.
10.Record results
11.Tabulate results for statistical comparisons
RESULTS
CVS Drug 30 Minute Before
5 Minutes After10 Minutes After
15 Minutes After
20 Minutes After
25 Minutes After
30 Minutes
After

I C D I C D I C D I C D I C D I C D I C D

Epinephr ++ 61 R +++61 R +++58 R +++56 R ++ 56 R ++ 56 IR ++ 60 IR

ine

Neostigmin ++ 59 R ++ 53 R ++ 56 R + 36 IR + 19 IR + 14 R + 12 R
e

Lagun ++ 59 R + 42 R ++ 60 R + 49 R ++ 52 R ++ 52 R ++ 57 R
di
(Vitex Negundo)
CHRONOTROPY
INOTROPY
DROMOTROPY
•
•
• Regular
DISCUSSIONS
Experimental results showed that leaf


extracts of Lagundi (Vitex Negundo) causes a

rapid decrease heart reate and decrease in
contractility. (after 5 mins)


 Negative Chronotropy
 Negative Inotropy


***It does not show to have any effect on the



regularity of contractions (dromotropy).

CHRONOTROPY
• However, theoretic results presents that it
usually causes a significant increase in
height of contraction and an increase in
heart rate.


• Negative Chronotropic Effect

• Positive Inotropic Effect

Pai PT, Adnaik RS, Mule SN, Naikwade NS, Magdum CS. Evaluation of ca
Inotropy
• Studies have shown that many glycosidic
iridoids, alkaloids and terpenoids can be
isolated from Lagundi.
• It is currently investigated to be a safer
alternative to digoxin.
• It also contains antioxidants that causes is
good in prevention of cardiovascular
diseases.

Pai PT, Adnaik RS, Mule SN, Naikwade NS, Magdum CS. Evaluation of ca
CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES (MOA)
C O N C LU S IO N
Conclusion
•
• Lagundi extracts causes a significant increase in height
of contraction (inotropy) and an increase in heart rate
(chronotropy)
•
• Lagundi extracts does not show to have any effect
on the regularity of contractions (dromotropy)
•
• Lagundi and epinephrine has almost the same
effect on CVS function of turtle in contrast to
neostigmine which caused a decrease in heart
rate.
•
•


 THANK YOU