MODELS, APPROACHES, STRATEGIES

AND METHODS OF TEACHING

TASK:
Compare and contrast the IMPLICATIONS of the
different teaching strategies to learner’s learning.

Prepared by:
RAZAINI BINTI IBRAHIM
2 TESOL 1
4 TEACHING STRATEGIES:

Teacher- centred
Student-centred
Resources-based
Task-based
Teacher-centred
 Methods, activities, and techniques where
the teacher decides what is to be learned,
what is to be tested, and how the class is to
be run.  
 The teacher usually will be in the centre of
the classroom giving instruction with little
input from students.
 The teacher decides the goals of the class
based on some outside criteria.
 The teacher-centred approach places control
for learning in the hands of the teacher.

 The teacher uses her or his expertise in

content knowledge to help learners make
connections.

 The effort to get to know the learner and how

he processes information is secondary.
Student-centred
 Student centred classrooms focus on the needs and
abilities of students (rather than the adults) and on
topics that are relevant to the students’ lives, needs,
and interests. 

 Students are perceived as customers and

stakeholders.  In this type of classroom, students
themselves are actively engaged in creating,
understanding, and connecting to knowledge and
learning.
 the teacher shares control of the classroom and
students are allowed to explore, experiment, and
discover on their own.

 In a student centred environment, students are

given choices and are included in the decision-
making processes of the classroom.

 Essentially, learners are treated as co-creators in

the learning process, as individuals with ideas and
issues that deserve attention and consideration.”
Resources-based
 What is ‘Resources-based’ learning?

Resource-based learning is an educational

model designed to actively engage students
with multiple resources in both print and non-
print form.

Resources ranging from traditional reference

books to the Internet.
 Variety of media, including guest speakers,
videos, or hypermedia presentations are also
parts of resources that teachers always use.

 Teachers (helped by media specialist)will plan

the resources-based lesson and students are
responsible to choose resources that appeal
to their own learning preferences, interests
and abilities.
 Resources incorporated into planned,
authentic tasks afford students opportunities
to develop the skills and techniques
necessary to become autonomous, self-
directed learners and effective users of
information.
Task-based

‘Task-based’ learning is a natural extension of

communicative language teaching .
In ‘Task-based’ learning, it will emphasise the
task rather than the language used.
It means that students will focus more on
their task and their goal to complete the task.
The examples of the task are presentation on
certain topic, role play based on real-life
situation and problem-solving.
After that, the teacher will draw attention to
the language used, making corrections and
adjustments to the students' performance.
So, they can look at the language they have
used and work on any imperfections,
correcting grammatical mistakes or thinking
about the aspects of style.
Framework for Task-Based Learning

Language focus -
Analysis and
Task cycle - Task practice
planning and
report

Pre-task -
Introduction to
the topic and
task.
References

Student-centred teaching and learning

http://www4.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/
Student-Centered.html

Resource-Based Learning
http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/index.php?title=Resour
ce-Based_Learning#What_is_Resource-Based_Learning.
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Teacher-centred
http://bogglesworldesl.com/glossary/teachercentered.ht
m
THANK YOU