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1O’Sullivan, David Seidman,2Attorneys, Appellate Section,3Antitrust Division, Department of4Justice, Washington, DC on the5brief), Attorney, Appellate Staff,6Civil Division, Department of7Justice, Washington, DC for United8States.910MICHAEL E. SALZMAN(Marvin L.11Berenson, Joseph J. DiMona, John12Coletta, Broadcast Music, Inc., New13York, New York on the brief),14Hughes, Hubbard & Reed LLP, New15York, New York for Amicus Curiae16Broadcast Music, Inc.1718KEENAN POPWELL (John C. Beiter,19Zumwalt, Almon & Hayes PLLC,20Nashville, Tennessee on the brief),21SESAC, Inc., New York, New York for22Amicus Curiae SESAC, Inc.2324DAVID LEICHTMAN (Hillel I. Parness,25Robins, Kaplan, Miller & Ciresi26LLP, New York, New York, W. Edward27Bailey, Eleanor M. Lackman, Lovells28LLP, New York, New York, David29Uwemedimo, Confederation30Internationale des Societes31d’Auteurs et Compositeurs, Neuilly32sur Seine, France on the brief),33Robins, Kaplan, Miller & Ciresi34LLP, New York, New York for Amicus35Curiae Confederation Internationale36des Societes d’Auteurs et37Compositeurs.3839JAY COHEN (Lynn B. Bayard, Paul,40Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison41LLP, New York, New York, Jay42Rosenthal, Kathryn E. Wagner,43National Music Publishers’44Association, Inc., New York, New45York on the brief), Paul, Weiss,46Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP,47New York, New York for Amici Curiae48Association of Independent Music