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Editorial

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nrhy; • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • 2004 1


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2 2004 • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;


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nrhy; • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • 2004 3


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nrhy;yg;gl;l Nkl;Lf; Fbapdupd; r%f elj;ijf; ghj;jpuj;ij Nehf;Fk; rpy tpkh;rfh;fs; ''uQ;rdp
Nfhyj;jpd; ntw;Wj;jd;ikiaAk;> glhNlhgj;ijAk; ngz;fspd; rgyj;jd;ikia ntspf;fhl;Lk;"" xU
vLj;jpak;Gtdthf mike;jd. mj;Jld;> guk;giuj; ghj;jpuk; vd;Nw th;zpf;fpd;wdh;. nrk;rd; vDk; jpahf
jdte;jh;fs; vg;nghOJk; fh;tk; nfhz;l> fPog; g; bahj rpe;ijAs;s Xh; ,isQid kwe;Jtpl;L> tpf;lh;

4 2004 • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;


vDk; FWkdk; gilj;j Vkhw;Wg;Ngh;topaplk; trkhf khj;jpukd;wp> fhjzpfs;> eilAil ghtidfs;>
khl;bf;nfhs;Sk; uQ;rdp> nrk;rid Kw;whfNt kwe;J Nfspf;iffs;> fhjy; Nghd;wtw;Wld; njhlh;ghd
tpLfpwhs;. ,jw;fhf uQ;rdpfF ; cle;ijahf ,Uf;Fk; rfytpj jfty;fisAk; mwpe;Jnfhs;tjpy; ,urpfh;
mtsJ jhapd; ghj;jpuk;$l ,q;F g+r;rhz;b fye;j> tl;lk; ngUtpUg;Gf; nfhz;bUg;gh;. jpiug;glq;fspy;
rgyj;jdk; epiwe;j re;jh;gg; thjp ngz;fspd; tifiar; ebf;Fk; ebf ebifah; rpwg;ghdth;fs; vd mth;fs;
rhUfpdw; J. fUJtJKz;L. ,jd;fhuzkhf> mth;fs; ,Jgw;wpa
rpq;fs rpdpkh tuyhw;iwj; njhlf;fpitj;Jj; jfty;fisj; Njbaiyth;. mtw;iwj;
jpiuaplg;gl;l 'flTD nghUe;Jt" jpiug;glKk;> jOtpfn ; fhs;sTk; Kaw;rpgg; h;. Uf;kzpNjtp ,J gw;wp
Uf;kzpNjtp vDk; ,yq;ifr; rpdpkhtpd; Kjy; 'vdJ tho;tpd; jlaq;fs;;" vd;w E}ypy; ,t;thW
ebifAk; ,e;ehl;bd; kj;jpa tFg;igr; Nrh;e;j $Wfpwhh; :
ngz;fspd; Fzeyd;fs;> eilAil ghtidfs; 'vdJ tho; f ; i f Vida gyUila
Mfpatw;wpy; ghupa nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpanjd;gij tho; f ; i fapypUe; J rw; W khWgl; l J. ehd; mjid
,J njhlh;ghf vOjg;gl;ltw;iw thrpf;Fk;NghJ khw;wtpy;iy. vdpDk;> vdJ tho;f;if Vida gyUila
vk;khy; czu Kbfpd;wJ. ,e;jj; jpiug;glk; tho; f ; i fapypUe; J khWgl; l njd; N w vdf; F j;
jpiuaplg;gl;lijaLj;J> Uf;kzp> vB MfpNahupd; Njhd;WfpwJ. vdJ tho;f;if khWgl;lJ vd;gJ>
ghly;fs; kpfTk; gpugy;akile;jd. gj;jpupiffspd; rpdpkhTyfpd; ebifnahUthpd; tho; f ; i f
gf;fq;fis Uf;kzpapd; Gifg;glq;fs; tpj; j pahrkhdJ vd; n wz; z pAs; s NtW
Mf; f pukpf; f yhapd vd; W k; $wg; g Lfpd; w J. cynfhd;Wf;Nf mt;thW Gyg;gLfpd;wJ"
gj;jpupiffspy; gpuRupff
; g;gl;l ,e;jg; Gifg;glq;fis 'nrkpah gphpej
; Nf njtpaha" (fztd; kidtpapd;
ntl;bAk;> xl;bAk;> Nrh;gg; jpYk;> Uf;kzp jiythhpa nja; t k; ) vDk; jpiug; g lNk Uf; k zpNjtpapd;
ghzpapy; jiythUtjw;Fk;> rpif myq;fhuk; nra;J Kd;Djhuz kidtp; ghj;jpuj;Jf;F jdpaplj;ijg;
nfhs;tjw;Fk;> Fwpgg; hf mtuJ rl;ilapd; fOj;Jg; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jJ. mj;jpiug;glj;jpd; ,Wjpapy;>
gFjp ntl;lg;gl;lthNw jkJ rl;ilf; fOj;Jg; fztNd kidtpapd; nja;tk; vd;gij
gFjpiaAk; ntl;bj; ijj;jzpaTk; ngz;fs; KZKZj;jthW mth; %h;r;irAw;wpwe;J fPNo
Kide;jjhff; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. rha;tijf; fz;l ngz; ,urpfh;fspd; fz;fs;
,jw;Fg; Gwk;ghf> Uf;kzpNjtpapd; Fuypy; khj; j pukd; w p> Mz; ,urpfh; f spd; fz; f s; $ l
fhzg; g l; l mtUf; N f cupj; j hd Nrhfkakhd fz;zU P Fj;jd.
trPfuKk;> ,U fz;fspdJk; $hpa ghh;itAk;> vdpDk;> mth; ghj;jpuNkw;W ebj;j jpiug;glq;fspy;
tFg;GNgjk;> ,isNahh;> KjpNahh;> Mz;> ngz; vd;w ,e;jf; fUj;JUTf;Fr; rthyhf mike;j ,U
ghFghL vJTkpd;wp> ngUksthd ,urpfh;fspilNa ghj;jp;uq;fSk; mike;jpUe;jd. mtw;Ws; xd;W> 1948
mth; kPJ xU jPuhg;gw;iwAk;> fth;rr; pg; gpizg;igAk; jpnrk;gh; 03 md;W jpiuaplg;gl;l 'ntuJD FWkhdk"
Njhw;Wtpj;jJ. mth; ebj;j jpiug;glq;fisf; (jtwpa ,yf;F) vDk; jpiug;glkhFk;. mjpy>; Rth;zh
fz;Lfspg;gjw;Fk;> mtUld; mstshTtjw;Fk;> vDk; Jbg; g hd> Nkl; L f; F biar; Nrh; e ; j
ebg;gjw;Fk;> ghly;fisg; ghLtjw;Fk; Kz;babj;Njhh; GQ;rpNehdhtpd; ghj;jpuNkw;wpUe;jhh; Uf;kzp. me;jg;
Vuhsk;;. mth;fSs; gpw;fhyj;jpy; gpugy;akhd rpy ghj; j puk; > mth; mjw; F Kd; d h; Vw; W ebj; j
fiyQh;fSk; mlq;Fth;. '<oj;Jr; rpdpkhtpd; fz;zhP ; mg;ghtpj;jdkhd fhjyp ghj;jpuj;ij tpl nghpJk;
Jsp' vdf; ngah;ngw;w Uf;kzpNjtp ,urpfh;fspd; khWgl;ljhf tpsq;fpaJ. mjpy;> mth; Fl;ilg;
kdq;fisf; nfhs;isnfhz;l fdTf; fd;dpahdhh;. ghthilazpe;J Njhd;wpa fhl;rpia ,urpfh;fs;
' nfNy `e;j" (fhl;by; epyh) vDk; jpiug;glj;jpy; fhzKbe; j J. mth; kP j hd ,urpfh; f spdJk; >
khydP ghj;jpuj;Jf;F caph;g;G+l;ba mth;> jhd; tpkh;rfh;fspdJk; kdg;ghq;if khw;wpaikj;jJld;>
ghj;jpuNkw;W ebj;j ghj;jpuq;fSs;; jdf;F kpfTk; rp;q;fs rpdpkh tuyhw;wpy; ngUk; gugug;ig Vw;gLj;jj;
gpbj;jkhdJ vd;why;> mJ khydP jhd; vd mth; Jzpe;j kw;nwhU jpiug;glk; 1960 ,y;
xUjlit njhptpj;jpUe;jhh;. me;jj; jpiug;glj;jpy;> jpiuaplg;gl;lJ. mJ> ''esq;fd"" (eldkhJ) vDk;
'Nghhpr;rp" vDk; ifNtiyAldhd rl;ilAk;> ''rPj;j"" jpiug;glkhFk;. mjpy;> Uf;kzpAld; ,ize;J
GlitAk; mzpe;J> fOj;jpy; Kj;JkhiyAld; ebj;jth; yPdh jp rpyt
; h. me;jj; jpiug;glj;jpy; esq;fd
kuf;fpisnahd;iwg; gpbj;jthW Njhd;wpa glf;fhl;rp ghj;jpuj;Jf;F Gj;Jap&l;LkhW ePsf;
kpfTk; gpugy; a kile; j jhff; $wg; g Lfpd; w J. fhl;rl;ilazpeJ ; > kJghdrhiyapy; MLtJ Nghd;w
fiyQh;fs;> ebf ebifahpd; Milazpfyd;fs; fhl;rpfs; mike;jpUe;jd. mt;Ntis> tpkh;rfh;fSk;>

nrhy; • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • 2004 5


,urpfh;fSk; ,J Uf;kzpNjtp ,ioj;j ghuJ}ukhd Nkilehlfq;fs;> jpiug;glq;fs;> ehty;fs; Nghd;w
xU jtnwd;Nw mgpg;gpuhag;gl;ldh;. fiyg;gilg;GfspypUe;J gpujpgypgg; J Nghd;Nw> fpuhkpa
vdNt> mth; kf;fspd; ntWg;igr; rk;ghjpff ; yhk; r%ftikg;ghdJ kpfTk; mg;ghtpjj; dkhd kdq;fth;
vd;nwhU mgpgg; puhak; rpy tpkh;rfh;spilNa epytpaJ. Xhplk; vd; g ijAk; > efh; g ; G wk; vd; g J kpfTk;
,J jpiug; g l fz; f hzpg; G r; rigapdhy; fglj; j dkhd fhKfh; f Sk; > FbNghijf; F
jilnra;ag;gl;l Kjy; rpq;fs jpiug;glkhFk;. mbikahdth;fSk; epiwe;j Xhplk; vd;gijAk;
mf;fhyfl;lj;jpy; Gfo;G+j;j rpdpkh tpkh;rfh;fshd njhdpf;Fk; xU kdg;ghq;Nf> md;iwa ,yq;ifr;
[ayhy; tpNynfhl> khh;bd; tpf;fpukrpq;f> rpwpy; V. r%fj; j py; epytpa jhf; f Ks; s xU fUj; j hf
rPytpky Nghd;Nwhuhy; me;jj; jpiug;glk; fLikahf tpsq;fpaJ. Mq;fpy ehty;fspy$ ; l> rpkg; py; tpNy[];
tpkh;rpf;fg;gl;lJ. (Simple Villages) vd th;zpf;fg;gl;lJ> ,j;jifa
xU kdg;ghq;ifNaahFk;. Muk;gfhyj; jpiug;glq;fspy;
vt;thwhapDk;> ,j;jF ebifah; kPJ r%fk; n g z ; g h j ; j p u q ; f s ; , e ; j k d g ; g h q ; f p d ;
rpy GfOUtq;fis Vw;wpapUe;jJ vd;gJk;> mit kPjike;jitahfNt Vw;W ebf;fg;gl;ld. muf;f
kOq;fbf;fg;gLk;NghJ mth;fs; mtw;Wf;nfjpuhf Fzj;Jld;> gzk;gilj;j r%fkhdJ> Vio
j k J c z h ; t i y f i s g ; g f p u q ; f k h f N t kf; f isg; gpope; n jLf; F k; tpjKk; > Nkhrkhd>
ntspgg; Lj;JksTf;F JzpTngw;WtpLth; vd;gJk; fglj;jdkhd> ngUk; tsTfSf;Fr; nrhe;jf;fhuuhd
,jpypUe;J Gydhfpd;wJ. jdte;jh;fSk;> rgyGj;jpAila
kWNfhzj;jpy>; r%fj;jhy; (Mz; 'nrkpah gphpe;jNf Mz; f isj; jkJ tiyapy;
r%fj;jhy;) jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;l xU njtpaha" (fztd; rpff
; itj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; gl;bdj;Jg;
eq;ifapd; GfOUtpd; fw;gid ngz;fSk; ngUk;ghyhd
kidtpapd; nja;tk;)
cUit tpQ; r pr; n ry; t jw; F > f i y a + l f q ; f s py; tputpf;
vDk; jpiug;glNk
Uf;kzpNjtp Nghd;w kughh;e;j fhzg; g l; l dh; . vg; n ghOJk;
Uf;kzpNjtpapd;
tpOkpaq; f is khw; w paikf; f j; fpuhkg; G w ngz; f s; kw; W k;
Kd;Djhuz kidtp
Jzpe; j xU ebiff; F f; $ l Mz; f spilNa Kd; k hjphpahd
ghj;jpuj;Jf;F
rpukkhaike;jJ vd;gijAk; ,e;j elj; i jfisNa mtjhdpf; f
jdpaplj;ijg;
epfo;tpD}lhf czuf;$bajh- Kbe;jJ.
fTs;sJ. ntWkNd ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jJ.
jpiug;glnkhd;wpd; ghj;jpuj;Jld; mj;jpiug;glj;jpd; Uf; k zpNjtpia mLj; J >
mJ tiuaiw nra;ag;gl;lNghJk;> ,Wjpapy;> ,t;thW ,urpfh;fspd;
mjidf;$l ebj;Jf;fhl;Ltjw;F> fztNd kidtpapd; GfOUTf; F l; g l; l nghpJk;
Mz; r%fj;jpd; cstpay; rhh; nja;tk; vd;gij Ngrg;gl;l ebiffshf njdtf;f
tiuaiwfisj; jhz; b r; n r- KZKZj;jthW mth; `hkpNd> Iuhq;fdP Nrurpq;f> Gd;ah
y; t jw; F > cah; F biar; rhh; e ; j %h;r;irAw;wpwe;J fPNo `Pd;njdpa> mDyh fUzhjpyf;f
Mq;fpyj;jpy; ciuahLk;> rha;tijf; fz;l ngz; Nghd;w ebiffisf; Fwpgg; plyhk;.
Uf;kzpNjtp Nghd;w xUtuhy;$l ,urpfh;fspd; fz;fs; vt;thwhapDk;> md;iwa r%fj;jpy;
Kbatpyi ; y. 'esq;fd" jpiug;glj;- khj;jpukd;wp> Mz; ngz;fSf;Fg; Nghlg;gl;bUe;j
Jf; n fjpuhd czh; t iyAld; ,urpfh;fspd; fz;fs;$l tpyq;Ffisj; jfh;j;njwptJld;>
Uf;kzpNjtp njhlu;eN; jh;r; r; pahfNt fz;zPUFj;jd. mt; t hwhd kdg; g hq; F fis
jha; > kidtp> fhjyp Nghd; w khw; w paikj; j Uf; k zpNjtp>
mg; g htpj; j dkhd> Kd; D jhuz <oj;Jr; rpdpkhj; Jiwf;Fk;> ngz;
ghj;jpuq;fSld; jdJ ebg;ghw;wiy Fyj;Jf;Fk; kfj;jhd gzpfis
kl; L g; g Lj; j pf; n fhs; s Ntz; b Mw;wpatuhthh;.
Nehpl; l J. mOjOJ ebj; J > mth;fs; jk; r%fj;Jf;F
,urpfh;fspilNaAk; mOifia Kd; i tj; J FztpOkpaq; f s; >
tutioj;j Uf;kzpNjtp> ew;gzpfis Kd;nfhz;Lnry;tjd;
Mz;fshy; njhFf;fg;gl;l %yk; khj;jpuNk ahnjhUtiuAk;
ciuahly; thpfis cr; r hpj; N jDk; > md; i wa csg;G+h;tkhfNt epidT$u KbAk;. •
r%fj;jpd; tpUg;GntWg;Gfspy; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fk;
Rkpfh ngNuuh
cz;ikapNyNa msg;ghpanjhd;whFk;.

6 2004 • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;


ekJ
Aj;jk;> milahsk;> jdpjJ
; tk;> Nehf;F
gLnfhiy murpaypd; kPjhd xU khDlg;; ghh;it

Jiwapy; <LgLk; vOj;jhsh;fis


Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhfntd;Nw jdf;Ff;
fpilj; j gupRj; njhifia
KjyPlhf;fpa mth;> fpNw\d; gupir
cUthf;fpdhh;. 1996 ,ypUe;J
tUlhe;jk; ,yq;ifapy;
mJKjy; Mq;fpyf; ifnaOj;Jg;
gpujpfspd; jFjp fUjp fpNwrd; gupR
toq;fg;gl;L tUfpdw; J. 1999 ,y;
tprhNfr re; j puNrfudpd; gupRj; njhifiaj; jdjhf;fpf;
nfhz; l th; f Ss; tprhNfrTk;
jilnra;ag;gl;l g+kp xUtuhthh;. mJ> 'jilnra;ag;gl;l
g+kp" vDk; kFlj;jpy; mtuhy;
gpujpahf;fk; nra;ag;gl;L>
FORBIDDEN AREA jahupff; g;gl;l ehlfj;jpd; Mq;fpyg;
gpujpf;fhfthFk; (FORBIDDEN

tp rhNfr re;jpuNrfud;>
,d;iwa ,yq;ifapd; mg+h;tkhd>
Fwpg; g plj; j F Xh; ,isQuhf
AREA).
gy;yhz;L fhykhf Aj;jj;jpd;
Nfhug; g pbf; F s; rpf; f pj; j tpf; F k;
,Ug;gJ mtuJ MSik
,yq; i fauhfpa vkf; F > me; j
fhuzkhf my;yJ me;j
Aj;jj;Jf;F KbT fl;LtJk;>
MSikapd; gadhf mth; vk;
rkhjhdj;ij kyur; nra;tJk;
kj;jpapy; Kd;itf;Fk; kpfTk;
,d; W k; fdthfNt cs; s J.
jhf;fKs;s rkhjhdj;jpd; nra;jp
Aj;jj;jpd; Nfhuk; gw;wpa vkJ
fhuzkhf khj;jpukd;W. khwhf>
mDgtq; f s; gue; J gl; l Jk; >
mth; cz;ikapNyNa rpq;fsk;>
MokhdJkhFk;. vdpDk;> njw;fpy;
jkpo;> Mq;fpyk; Mfpa
thOk; rpqf ; sj;ijj; jha;nkhopahff;
Kk;nkhopfspYk; xd;WNghyNt
nfhz;l vk;kpy; ngUk;ghyhNdhUk;
epGzj;Jtk; ngw;wpUg;gjhyhFk;.
Aj;jk; fhuzkhf mDjhgj;Jf;F
'The English Patient' vDk; cs;shFk; tpjk; vkJ ''rpq;fs''
ehtYf; f hf Mq; f py ,yf; f pa ,ay;gpypUe;Nj eph;zapf;fg;gLk;.
cyfpd; cah; tpUjhff; fUjg;gLk; mjd; fhuzkhfNt> Aj;jj;Jld;
Gf; f h; gupir ntd; n wLj; j th; > neUq;fpa njhlh;Gila> tpLjiyg;
,yq;ifapd; vOj;jhsh; ikf;fy; NghuhspfspdJk; > murhq; f g;
xz;lhl;N[. ,yq;ifapy; Mq;fpy gilapduJk; nfLgpbfspilNa
nkhop%yk; gilg; g pyf; f paj; CryhLk; tlf;F> fpof;F

nrhy; • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • 2004 7


khfhzq; f isr; Nrh; e ; j jkpo; f ; Fbkf; f spd; ,af;fj;jpy; ,iza Kd;dh;> NtnwhU tpLjiy
tho;Tepiyapd; rpf;fyhh;e;j jd;ik gw;wpa vkJ ,af;fj;jpYk; uhkd; mq;fj;Jtk; tfpj;jpUe;jjhy;>
$Uzh;T NghJkhdjy;y. Fwpgg; hf> tpLjiyg; Gypfs; mtid mts; re;Njff; fz;nfhz;Nl Nehf;Ffpwhs;.
,af; f k; gw; w pAk; > ,sk; guk; g iuapdh; mjpy; mjw;Fg; gjpyhf> Ch;kpshtpd; Mo;ej ; gw;wpid mtd;
te; j pizAk; tpjk; gw; w pAk; > ,af; f j; j pd; xUtifahd ,opT kdg; g hd; i kAlNdNa
gilf;fl;likg;Gg; gw;wpAk; vk;kpilNa jtwhd Nehf;Ffpwhd;. vjpupj; jiytiuf; nfhd;nwhopg;gjd;
ek;gpf;iffNs mjpfk; Fbnfhz;Ls;sd. %yk;> jhd; rhh;ej ; ,af;fj;Jf;Ff; fplL; k; gyidAk;>
ntbFz;Lfis ,ilapy; fl;bf;nfhz;L> jkJ ,e;j khz;GW kuzj;jpd; fhuzkhf jdf;Fk;> jdJ
,yf;Ffis Nehf;fpg; gha;e;J jhf;Fk; jw;nfhiyg; FLk;gj;Jf;Fk; fplL ; k; ftdpgi
; gAk; gw;wp> jdf;Fg;
Nghuhspfs; mzpnahd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;F> ifJ nghWg;gspff ; g;gl;l gzp gw;wp mtSs; xU ek;gpfi ; f
nra;ag;gl;lTlNd raidl; tpy;iyfis ehLk; Fbnfhz;bUe;jJ. murpay; cj;jpahf mikAk;
gilazpnahd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;F mtrpakhd Ml;nfhiy gw;wp mts; jd;idj;jhNd Ratprhuiz
fLk; N ghf; i fAk; > kdf; fl; L f; N fhg; i gAk; nra;Jnfhs;tjpy;iy. mjpYs;s epahak;> rup/gpio
nfhz;bUg;gjhdJ> kiwthd mDgtkhfNt vk;khy; gw; w p mtSf; F s; rpe; j idg; gupkhwy; vJTk;
czug;gLfpd;wJ. jkJ ,sk; caph;fis mt;thW fpilahJ. mtsplk; tpdhj; njhLj;jhy;$l mjw;F
mh;gg; zpgg; jw;F mth;fs; Kd;tuf; fhuzk;> mth;fs; tha;g;gpd;ikahy; nksdkhfptpLtnjhd;Nw ,J
,jaNkapyy ; hj ,ae;jpuq;fshf khwpAs;sjhyhFk; vd;Nw tplaj;jpy; uhkd; gpd;gw;wpa nfhs;ifahf ,Ue;jJ.
fUj Ntz;bAs;sJ. 'jilnra;ag;gl;l g+kpia" xU mth;fs; ,UtUk; re;jpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; fl;lj;jpd;
ehlfkhf khj;jpukd;wp> Aj;jKk;> rkhjhdKk; gw;wpa rpwg;gk;rk; fhuzkhf> kpfTk; jh;krq;flkhd xU
GJikahd xU tptuzkhf> rpq;fs muq;Ff;Ff; epiy Njhd;Wfpdw; J. ,d;Dk; nrhw;gNtisapy; jhd;
nfhz;L te;jjd; %yk; tprhNfr Mw;wpa gzp kpfTk; ,wf; f Ts; N sd; vd; g ij mwpe; J itj; j pUe; j
rthy; epiwe;jjhf khWtJ> NkNy nrhy;yg;gl;l Ch;kpshtpd; cs;sj;jpy; mofpay;> md;G> jha;ik
fUJNfhs; fhuzkhfNtahFk;. gw; w pa gy; N tW caph; j ; J bg; g hd czh; T fs;
cjpf;fpd;wd. mts; caph;thog;NghtJ ,d;Dk;
ehlfj; jahupg;Gg; gzp jj;&gkhdJ. xNu
nrhw;gNtisNa vd;gij mwpeJ ; itj;jpUe;j uhkd;>
,lj; j pNyNa rfyJk; eilngWk; . mjhtJ>
mtSld; rthy;tpLk; murpay; fUj;Jg; gupkhwy;
ghoile;j xU fl;blj;jpd; miwapy; jhd;....
xd;wpy; <LgLfpd;whd;.
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mtd; Ch;kpshtplk; vLj;Jf;$Wk; vitAk;
itj; J rdhjpgjpiaf; nfhiy nra; t jw; f hd
vf; f huzk; n fhz; L k; ,d; D nkhUtiu ,dp
tug; g purhjj; i jj; jdjhf; f pf; n fhz; l tpLjiy
vl;lg;Nghtjpy;iy vd;gij ek;Gk; uhkd;> jdJ
,af; f nkhd; w pd; mq; f j; j tshths; ; . mtSf; F
kdr;rhl;rpfF
; k;> cs;Szh;Tf;Fk; ,zq;f mtSld;
cjTtjw;fhf uhkd; vDk; ngaiuAila mikg;gpd;
thjg;gpujpthjq;fspy; <LgLfpdw; hd;. ,t;tpjkhf jdJ
,ilepiy jsgjpAk; $lNt tUfpwhh;. Ch;kpshtpd;
tho;itNa jpahfk; nra;aj; Jzpe;j ,af;fj;jpd;
,yf;F> ,e;j miwia mz;btUk;tiu mth;fs;
ntw;wpthif gw;wp mtd; tpdhj; njhLf;fpwhd;.
,UtUNk topNky; tpopitj;Jf; fhj;jpUf;fpdw; dh;.
jiytd; vd;gtd; flTs; my;y vdf; $Wfpwhd;.
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mtdJ FWfpa> jdpg;gl;l Nehf;if tpkh;rpf;Fk;
,lk;ngWk; ciuahly;fspypUe;J mth;fs; ,Jtiu
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ntspgg; Lj;jpa kNdhghtq;fs;> Gupjy;fs; gw;wp XusT
mePjpfis mtdplk; tpgupff ; pwhs;. Vo;ik fhuzkhf
njspnthd;W fpilf;fpd;wJ. jkJ tho;tpy; jkJ
fy;tpiaj; njhlUtij ,ileLtpy; iftpl;l
jha;khh; Mw;wpa Kf;fpa ghj;jpuj;ij tpgupgg; jd; thapyhf
mts;> jho;j;jg;gl;l FLk;gnkhd;Wf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd
mth; f s; ,UtUs; S k; ''gz; n ghj; j jd; i k""
vy;yh gupfhrq;fSf;Fk;> Vsdj;Jf;Fk; cs;shf;fg;gl;L>
cUthfpdw; J. vdpDk;> Ch;kpsh vg;nghOJk; kpfTk;
khwhj tLthf mtsJ kdjpy; Mog;gjpe;J tpl;l
Nghuhl;lFzk; gilj;jts;; mtsJ tho;ehs;
xU Atjp mts;; 'mtyl;rzk;" vd;w mtg;ngah;
KOtijAk; ,af;fj;Jf;fhf mh;gg; zpjj; ts;; ,af;fk;
fhuzkhf ghjpf; f g; g l; l ts; mts; ; mtsJ
vd;gJ mtsJ FLk;gk;; jdJ jiyth; gw;wp
mz;zidAk;> mjd;gpdd ; h; je;ijiaAk; Nfhu Aj;jk;
mtSs; Mog;gjpe;jpUe;j czh;T> nfsutj;Jld;
gypnfhz;L tpl;lJ. rPjdf; nfhLik fhuzkhf
,uz; l wf; fye; j xUtifg; ; gw; w hFk; . ,e; j

8 2004 • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;


Ch;kpshtpd; ,d;dy;Njha;e;j
epiyikf;F> rhjp> Vo;ik Mfpa
nghJg; gpur;rpidfs; jhf;fk;
nrYj;jpaJ Nghd;Nw> 'mtyl;rzk;"
vd;w Kj;jpiu Fj;jg;gl;lik>
rPjdj;Jf;fhd trjpad P k; Kjypa
ngz;fSf;Nf rpwg;ghf mike;j rpy
gpur;rpidfSk; nry;thf;Fr;
nrYj;jpd.

Ch;kpshtpd; kztho;Tf;fhd thapYk; %lg;gl;lJ. mjw; f Lj; J tUk; fhl; r papy; > Ch; k pshtpd;
mtsJ neQ;Rf;Fj; ijupa%l;Ltjw;F> fd;dpjj; d;ikia mgfhpjJ ; f;nfhz;ljw;fhf> mtis
cu%l;Ltjw;F> cjTtjw;F> Nerpg;gjw;F vy;yhk; ''m#rp"" ahf;fpaikf;fhf> uhkd; gr;rhjhgj;Jld;
Jzpe;jJ '',af;fk;"" xd;W khj;jpuNk. mtsplk; kd;dpg;Gf; NfhUfpd;whd;. ngUk;ghyhd
Gul;rpahsh;fs; Nghd;Nw mtDk; ngz;fs; tplaj;jpy;
mtSf; F s; Mh; g ; g upf; F k; > nghq; f pnaOk;
kughh;e;j fUj;jpay; nfhz;l xUtdh? mts;
ntQ;rpdk;> md;G Mfpa Mokhd czh;tiyfis
fd;dpfopahjtshf ,Ug;gij mwpe;jgpd;dh;> mtd;
ek;kdf;fz;Kd;; ed;F gpujpgypg;gjw;fhf> ,q;F fhsp
fpQ;rpj;NjDk; gr;rhjhgj;Jf;Fs;shtJ epahakhdjhf
nja;tj;ij milahskhff; ifahSfpwhh; tprhNfr.
mikayhk;. vdpDk;> 'ty;YwT"> 'm#rpahjy;" Nghd;w
,af;fj;jpy; ,iza Kd;G fz;l fhsp
gjg; gpuNahfq;fspypUe;J Gyg;gLtJ> ,e;j epfo;T
eldnkhd;wpypUe;J fhsp nja;tj;jpd;
gw;wpa mtdJ csg;ghq;fd;Nwh? Ch;kpsh> uhkd;
guhf; f pukj; j pd; g hYk; > mts; ntspg; g Lj; j pa
,UtupdJk; cwtpd; jd;ik khWgLk; epiyapNyNa>
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mth;fs; ,UtUNk khWjnyhd;Wf;F cl;gLk;
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epiyapNyNa> Ch;kpshTf;Ff; fpl;Lk; nra;jp mth;fs;
tpsq;fpats; fhspNa vd;fpwhs; Ch;kpsh. ,e;jf; fhl;rpapy>;
,UtiuAk; rhe;jg;gLj;Jfpdw; J. mtsJ ,yf;ifj;
fhsp nja;tj;jpd; guhf;fpukj;ij Ch;kpsh cs;thq;fpf;
jpirjpUg;gp tpl;lJ. vjpup rdq;fspd; rdhjpgjp
nfhz;lJ Nghy Gyg;gLj;j Kw;gLfpd;whh;; tprhNfr.
mtsJ Kd;ida ,yf;fhf mike;j NghjpYk;>
vdpDk;> mjidaLj;j fl;lj;jpy>; mNj Ch;kpsh jhd;
jdJ ,dg; gpupTf;NfAupa Kjyikr;rh; Gjpa ,yf;fhf
Kd;jpdk; nrd;w Nfhtpypy; tp\;Z nja;tj;Jf;F
khwpdhh;. ,e;jg; Gjpa jPh;khdj;jpd; kj;jpapy; Ch;kpsh
mUNf tPww; pUf;Fk; ,yl;Rkp nja;tj;jpd; jpUTUtk;
mre;JNgha; tpLfpwhs;. Kjyikr;rh; vd;Wk; jkJ
fz;L> jdJs;sk; fhk ,r;irahy; miyNkhjp> gpjJ ;
rdq;fSld; neUf;fkhdtuhf ,Ue;jhh; vd;gij uhkd;
jiyf;Nfwpa tpjj;ij tpgupf;fpd;whs;. ,jw;FKd;dh;
Ch;kpshTf;F epidT+l;Lfpd;whd;. vdpDk;> me;jf;
xUNghJk; fhkczh;Tld; uhkid Nehf;fhj Ch;kpsh>
nfhiyf; f hd fl; l isapLtjpYs; s murpay;
,e;jf; fl;lj;jpy; mtDld; ,uz;lwf; fye;J ,d;Gw
tpiofpdw; hs;.
nrhy; • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • 2004 9
cs;Nehf;fj;ijAk; mtd; fhz;fpd;whd;. mjd; mikayhk;. vdpDk;> Ch;kpshtpd; ,d;dy;Njha;e;j
fhuzkhfNt> Kjyikr;riuf; nfhiynra;tij epiyikf;F> rhjp> Vo;ik Mfpa nghJg; gpur;rpidfs;
tpLj;J> rdhjpgjpiaf; nfhiynra;aj; Jbf;Fk; jhf;fk; nrYj;jpaJ Nghd;Nw> 'mtyl;rzk;" vd;w
Ch;kpshtplk; jiytupd; fl;lisf;F mbgzptjd; Kj;jpiu Fj;jg;gl;lik> rPjdj;Jf;fhd trjpaPdk;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij uhkd; typAWj;Jfpd;whd;. jdJ Kjypa ngz; f Sf; N f rpwg; g hf mike; j rpy
,Wjp tpUg;igj; njuptpf;Fk; Ch;kpsh> kPz;Lk; xU gpur;rpidfSk; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpd. ,q;F> ngz;-
jlit Nrh;f;ifapy; <Lgl uhkid miof;fpd;whs;. Mz; Mfpa ,UghyhupdJk; kughh;e;j r%fr;
mt;Ntis> mq;F M[uhFk; jiytd;> jdJ rhaiyNa vk; kj;jpapy; tprhNfr Kd;itf;fpwhh;.
Nehf;fj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk;gb mtsplk; vdpDk;> ehlfj;jpd; NtW fl;lq;fspy; 'Xh; Mizg;Nghy"
typAWj;Jfpd;whd;. ',d;dYWtjw;F vjpuhf vkJ kdj; j plj; J ld; nrayhw; W k; Ch; k pshTk; > 'xU
kf;fs; Jzpe;njOtjw;F topaikj;jth;fs; ahh;?" ngz; i zg; N ghy" fz; z P U Ff; F k; fz; f Sld;
vkJ rdq;fspd; ghJfhg;Gf; fUjp> vjpupAld; Njhd;Wk; uhkidAk; me;jr; rhaYf;Fr; rthy;tpLkhNw
Nghupl;lth;fs; ahh;? rhjp Ngjj;jpdhy; cq;fisg; vk;kj;jpapy; Kd;itf;fpwhh;. nghJthfTk;> jdpg;gl;l
gpupj; J Nehf; f paNghJ> cq; f s; jd; k hdj; i jf; KiwapYk; jdJ ehlfj;jpd; thapyhf Aj;jk;>
fl;bf;fhj;jJ ahh;? me;j vy;yhf; Nfs;tpfSf;Fk; milahsk;> jdpj;Jtk;> gLnfhiy murpay; Mfpa
mtsJ gjpyhf mike;jJ 'ePq;fs;" vd;gJ jhd;. jw;fhy ,yq;ifr; r%fj;jpd; jPh;f;fkpF tplaq;fs;
Ch;kpsh jiytdplk; caph;g;gpr;ir NfhUfpwhs;. rhh; e ; j jhf> vkJ ftdj; i jj; jpirjpUg; g j;
jiytNdh mjid Vw;f kWf;fpd;whd;. jdJ Jzpe;Js;shh; tprhNfr.
flikiaAk;> nghWg;igAk; mtSf;F
vdpDk;> ehlfj;ijj; jahupf;Fk;NghJ jdJ
epidt+lL ; fpdw; hd;. Ch;kpsh mtdJ thh;ji
; jfSf;Ff;
fUg;nghUSf;Nfw;w> fdfr;rpjkhd xU
fl;Lg;gLfpwhs;. mtidg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk;
fhl;rpaikg;igAk;> ghzpiaAk; njupT nra;tjw;F
kf;fSf;fhf mts; jdJ ,yf;if Nehf;fp efh;fpwhs;.
tprhNfr jtwpAs;shh;. jj;&gkhd xU fhl;rpg;
jdJ ,d;Dapiu kha;j;Jf; nfhs;fpwhs;. uhkdpd;
gpd;dzpapy; ,j;jF fUg;nghUs; xd;iwj; jpzpf;f
'JNuhfr; nraiy' jiytd; mtdplk; xg;Gtpff ; pwhd;:
Kw;gLk;NghJ> czh;rr; p NkyPlL ; ldhd ebg;gpy; mth;
,af;fj;ij tpkh;rpj;jik> rNfhju Nghuhspapd; kPJ
jq; f ptpl NeupLk; . md; N wy; > ,UtUf; f pilapy;
ghypay; uP j pahd gyte; j j; i jg; gpuNahfpj; j ik>
,ilf;fpilNa ,lk;ngWfpd;w ciuahly;fspy;;
jdJapiu kha;j;Jf;nfhs;sj; Jzpe;j mtsJ
khj;jpuk; ehlff; fiyQh; jq;fpapUf;f KbahJ. ehlf
cw;rhfj;ij kOq;fbj;jik vd tpupfpdw; d mit....
muq;fpd; ,ltrjp> xsp xyp trjpfs;> mq;f mirTfs;
mtDf;Fupa jPh;g;G kuzNk. uhkNdh raidl;
vd;gtw;iwf; ifahStjpYk;; kpf;f gytPdkhd
tpy;iyapd; Jizia ehLfpd;whd;.
,lq;fis mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ. mit> epjptrjp>
gy;yhz;L fhykhf ,yq;ifiar; rPuopj;Jf; njhopy;El;g tiuaiwfis tpQ;rp> ''tprhNfrtpd;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; nfhba ,dg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; kPJ gpujpahf;fj;ij NtnwhUth; jahupj;jpUe;jhy;....."" vd;w
Gjpa xU Nfhzj;jpy; ghh;itiar; nrYj;Jtjw;F vz;zg;ghl;ilj; Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wJ. tpLjiyg;
'jilnra;ag;gl;l g+kp" vk;ikj; J}z;btpLfpd;wJ Nghuhspfs; vdf; $wpf;nfhs;Sk;> fLikahd xU
vd ehd; Kd;G $wpaij ,t;tplj;jpy; Qhgfg;gLj;jpf; Ml;rpf;Fk;/murpay;/fUj;jpay;thj rh;thjpgj;jpaj;jpy;
nfhs;Nthk;. KO jkpo; kf;fSk;> Fwpg;ghf Ch;kpsh> jk;ik ];jpug;gLj;jpf;nfhs;Sk;> gLnfhiy murpaypy;
uhkd; vDk; ,U ghj;jpuq;fSk; mDgtpfF ; k; ,d;diy <LgLk; FOf; f s; gw; w p ,t; t hW jpwdha; T f;
,e; j ehlfk; vkJ kdf; f z; Kd; N d mfy fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; Nehf;fTk;;> mj;jifa Nehf;if
tpupf;fpd;wJ. gpujhd ,U ghj;jpuq;fSk; jkf;Fr; gfpuq;f muq;fpy; rpq;fs nkhopapy; vk;Kld; gfph;e;J
rpwg; g hf mike; j meP j pfs; Fwpj; J tpgupf; f nfhs;sTk; Jzpe;j tprhNfrTf;F vkJ ed;wpfs;.
Kw;gLk;NghJ> ngz;-Mz; r%f epiy fhuzkhf ,j;jifa xU fz;Nzhl;lk;> mjw;NfAhpj;jhd xU
cUthFk; NtWghLk; njspthfpd;wJ. thypgf; xOq;fikg;gpy; vk;khy; ,urpff; f; $bajhf mikal;Lk;
NfhshW fhuzkhf gilazpapdhpd; re;Njfj;Jf;F vd;gNj vkJ Ntzth. •
,iuahfp> mjd; tpisthf Nghuhl;l ,af;fnkhd;wpy;
Rdpyh mNgNrfu
Nrh;eJ
; ,e;jpah nry;tjhf uhkdpd; fij mikfpdw; J.
,J> xU Mizg; nghWj;jtiu jpwTNfhyhf

10 2004 • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;


Aj;jj;jhy; tpjitfshf;fg;gl;l
%d;W guk;giu ngz;fs;
A j;jj;jpd; nfh^uj;ij ahuhy;jhd; mDgtpf;f
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Aj; j j; j pd; nfh^u tpisTfis vjph; N ehf; f p
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ngUikailaitj;jJ. ,th;fspd; tho;f;ifia
ghjpjJ
; s;s xNu rthy; Aj;jk; khj;jpuky;y> Vo;ikahy;
ngz;fshfTk; tpjitfshfTk; tho;e;Jnfhz;b- Ml;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;s ,th;fsJ tho;f;if Aj;jk;
Uf;fpdw; vq;fSila ngz;fisf; fz;Lk; mth;fsJ fhuzkhf Jd;gj;jpd; tpspk;ig mile;jpUe;jJ.
Gyk;giy Nfl;Lk; ehd; vd; cs;sj;jpy; me;j
fpuhkj;jpy; trpf;fpd;w jpUkzkhd ngz;fspy;
Nfs;tpia Nfl;Lf;nfhz;Nld.; tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;Gg; ngw;w
E}w;Wf;F vOgj;ije;J tPjkhNdhh; tpjitfshf
jpk;Gyhfiy tpfhiu njd;gLk; fz;Zf;nfl;ba
,Ue;jdh;. ,e;epiyf;F Aj;jk; jtpu NtnwhU
J}uj;jpy; fhy;fis vhpf;fpd;w ntspapy; vd; ghjq;fs;
fhuzkpy; i y. fzth; f is ,oe; j epiyapy;
epd;Wnfhz;ld. kioj;Jsp fpilf;fhky;
Foe;ijFl;bfSld; kpfTk; Jd;gfukhd
gl;Lg;NghAs;s Gy;Yj;jiuia ghh;j;j tz;zKs;s
tho;fi ; fia tho;eJ; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,th;fs; ehis
gRf;fspd; $l;lk; vd; tpopfis njhLfpd;wd.
jpdtho;Tf;fhf VNjhnthd;iw kd;whb epw;fpd;wdh;.
rhzj;jpd; eWkzk; %f;ifj;Jisj;Jf;nfhz;L
,th;fsJ tho;f;ifia CLUtpr;nrd;w midj;J
nry;fpd;wJ. md;iwa jpd tapw;Wr; Nrhw;Wf;fhf
NguopTfSk; fzth;fis ,oe;J tpjitahd
tpah;itia rpe;jpa tz;zk; gpuk;G ntl;Lfpw
kidtpaUf;Fk; je;ijkhiu ,oe;j gpsi ; sfSf;Fk;
kdpjh;fisAk;> kdk;gpl;ba Fsj;jpy; nfhuyp kPd;
tho;fi; f tho;tjd; rthiy khj;jpuk; iftplL ; tplL
; r;
gpbf;fpdw; ngz;fisAk; gpsi ; sfisAk; Nehf;Fgthpd;
nrd;Ws;sd. tapw;Wg;grp Nghf;fpf;nfhs;s ,th;fs;
,jaj; j pypUe; J ngU%r; R votpy; i ynad; w hy;
vijAk; nra;a Jzpe;Js;sdh;. fztd; kidtp
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Mfpa ,UtUk; xd;wpize;J fl;bnaOg;gpa FLk;g
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jpk;Gyhfiy re;jpapypUe;J xd;wiu Kfk;nfhLf;fpdw; dh;. ,e;jg; ngz;fspd; tho;fi ; fia
fpnyhkPww; Uf;F mg;ghy; mike;Js;s ,e;j 'NrhUtpy" ghjhsj; j pw; F ,l; L r; n rd; w Aj; j k; ,d; W k;
fpuhkj; j pw; F ehd; ele; J nrd; w J jkpo; mth; f Sila tho; f ; i fia Rw; w p tl; l kpl; L f;
fpsHr;rpahsh;fspYs;s gaj;jpyhdhYk; fpuhkj;jpw;Fs; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.
Eise;j gpdG; vdJ ga czh;T ePff ; g;gl;L> tho;it
rpd;dj;jk;gp ghh;tjpg;gps;is 70 taJ epuk;gpa
thoitg;gjw;fhf my;yYWk; kdpjh;fisf;fz;L
xU jha;> ,tUila fzth; Aj;jj;jpy; rpf;Fz;l
vk;kdjpy; Mo;ej ; Jauk; vOe;jJ. gpwg;gpNy ngz;fs;
kuzj;ijj; jOtpaNjhL ,thpd; kfs;
gyaP d khdth; f shf Nehf; f g; g Lk; r%jhaj; j py;
fjph;fhkj;jk;gp Nfhksk;kh taJ 40 ,uz;L
ngz;fspd; kd cWjpAk; mth;fs; tho;f;ifg;
gps; i sfSf; F jha; . ,tuJ fzth; jkpo;
nrhy; • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • 2004 11
fpsHr;rpahsh;fSf;F cjtpAs;shh; vd;w re;Njfj;jpdN; ghpy; ,isajk; g p rp d ; d j; j q; f k; ,g; n gz; i zg;
1990Mk; Mz;L [dthp khjk; 18Mk; jpfjp ghJfhg;G Nghd;nwhU jha; mWgj;ije;J taJilath;. mtuJ
gphptpduhy; ifJnra; a g; g l; L s; s hh; . mg; N ghJ %d; W Mz; gps; i sfs; ghJfhg; G gphptpdhy;
mtUila ,isa kfs; gpwe;J 14 ehl;fs; kl;LNk ifJnra;ag;gl;l ehs;Kjy; ,d;WtiuapYk; mg;ngz;
fle;jpUe;jd. ,g;NghJ ghyRe;juk; rhe;jFkhhp vd;w mth;fis fhztpy;iy.
me;j rpWkpf;F taJ 11. Nfhksk;kh ,d;Wtiu jw;fhyj;J gl;lhr;rhuhitg; Nghd;W ,e;jg;
fztiu fhztpy; i y. rhe; j Fkhhp je; i japd; ngz; Z k; gps; i sfisj; N jb Nghfhj ,uhZt
epoiyf;$l ghh;j;jjpy;iy. gilKfhk;fs;> nghyp]; epiyaq;fs; ,Uf;fKbahJ.
kDf; f d; ts; s p K J i k g ; g U t j ; i j Foe; i jNty; rp t ghf; f p a k; > kzp a k;
milahj 33 taJila ehd;F gps;isfspd; jha; NfhNd];thp KiwNa 43 kw;Wk; 46 taJila
1990Mk; Mz;L ,tuJ fzth; ghJfhg;G gphptpdhy; tpjitfs;. ,th;fspd; fzth;fs; 1990Mk; Mz;L
re;Njfj;jpdN; ghpy; ifJnra;ag;gl;Ls;shh;. ,d;W jdJ ghJfhg;G gphptpdhy; ifjhfpAs;sdh;. tho;Tf;fhf
ehd;F gps;isfisAk; thoitg;gjw;fhf ts;sp Nghuhbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,th;fs; fUthL tpw;gid
tho;f;ifg;Nghuhl;lj;ij elhj;jptUfpd;whh;. nra;Jnfhz;bUe;j Ntisapy; vd;id re;jpj;jhh;fs;.
fe; i jah rhe; j Fkhhp vd; g tiu ehd; GQ;rpgz;lhNf gpNuktj;jp 42 taJila
kdk;gplb ; a Fsj;jpwf ; Ufpy; re;jpjN; jd;. 59taJ epuk;gpa %d;W gps;isfspd; jhahh;. ,g;ngz;zpd; fzth;
mtUk; ehd;F gps;isfSf;F jahdth;. ,tuJ kdk;gplb ; a Fsj;jpy; kPdg; pbj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ
fzth; 1990Mk; Mz; L ghJfhg; G gphptpdhy; jkpo; fpsh;r;rpahsh;fshy; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;Ls;shh;.
ifJnra; a g; g l; L s; s NjhL> md; W njhlf; f k; kPd;gpbj;jiy tho;f;ifj;njhopyhff; nfhz;Ls;s
,d;Wtiu ifJnra;ag;gl;l fztiu fz;zhy; ,g;ngz; gpsi ; sfs; %tiuAk; ghlrhiyf;F mDg;g
fhztpy;iynad fz;zPh; ky;fpagb njhptpj;jhh;. ngUk; Nghuhl;lj;ij elj;jptUfpwhh;. tho;f;ifapd;
nghl; L g; g p s ; i s rp d ; d j; j k; g p % d ; W ,Wjp miug;gq;fpy; jq;fs; fzth;fis gwpnfhLj;j
Foe;ijfSf;F jha; ,tuJ fztUk; 1990Mk; Nrhfj;jpy; jtpf;Fk; fdfuj;jpdk; nry;yk;kh>
Mz; L ghJfhg; G gphptpdhy; ifJnra; a g; g l; L ,isajk;gp rhe;jgps;is vd;w ngah;fisAila
fhzhkw;NghAs;sjhf njhptpjJ ; s;shh;. xU gpsi ; sia KJikaile;j ,uz;L jha;khiu ehd; NrhUtpy
NaZk; ghlrhiyf;F mDg;gp fy;tp Nghjpf;f Kbahj tpfhiuf;F mUfpy; re;jpj;Njd;. ,th;fs; KiwNa
epiyapYs;sjhf njhptpjj ; mNjNtis fhr Nehapdhy; 65 kw; W k; 72 taJilath; f shth; . ,th; f s;
gpbf; f g; g l; b Ug; g jhy; epiyahd caph;tho;tjw;fhf $yp Ntiy
njhopnyhd;wpy; <LglKbahnjd;Wk; Mz;fs; khj;jpuNk nra;fpd;wdh;.
mth; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;. nra; a Ntz; Lnkd
r%fj;jhy; th;zid Rg; g p u kzp a k; fd; d fp 60
Aj;jj;jhy; jpff ; w;w ngz;fspd; nra;ag;gl;l rpy taJila xU jhahh; ,Uja
mtyq;fis Njbr;nrd;w njhopy;fis Nehahy; gPbf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,g;ngz;
gazj;jpy; ,jw;F Kd;dh; tho;f;iff;fhf tho;tjw;fhf rpWtpahghuk; xd;iw
Gj;jfq;fspy; te;j ''gl;lhr;rhuht"' ,e;jg;ngz;fs; elj; J fpwhh; . ,tuJ 4 Mz;
ngz;izg;Nghd;W vq;fSila nra;fpd;wdh;. kPd; gpbj;jy; gps;isfisAk; ghJfhg;Gg;gphpT
fhyj;jpy; cz;ikahd gpuk;G rPTjy; kw;Wk; ghuk; ifJnra;Js;s mNjNtis 19
'gl;lhr;rhuht ngz;fs; gyUk; Rkj;jy; Nghd;w taJ epuk;gpa kfSk;
,Ug;gij czh;e;Njd;. njhopy;fis tapw;Wg; fhf;iftypgG; NehAs;sth;. 11 taJ
mtUila fztiu gpiog;gpw;fhfNt rpWtd; Ntiyf;fhf
kl;Lkd;wp gj;J khjk; tapw;wpy; Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdh;. tplg;gl;Ls;shd;. jq;fg;gps;is
Rke;J cjpuj;ij rhujhNjtp> KUNfR jq;fk;kh
czthff;nfhLj;J tsh;j;njLj;j Mz;gps;isr; KiwNa 35 kw;Wk; 49 taJfisAila jha;khh;fs;
nry;tq;fs; MWNgiu mthpd; fz;nzjphpNyNa jkpo; ,th;fsJ fzth;fSk; Aj;jj;jpd; gpujpgyd;fshy;
fpsh;r;rpahsh; gLnfhiy nra;Js;sdh;. ,thpd; ngah; ,t;Tyiftpl;L gphpe;jth;fshth;.
Kjyp`hkp GQ;rp Nehdh. E}W taJilath; fd;dg;G nry;yjk;gp vd;w 68taJila xU
,d;dKk; iffspd; typikiag;gw;wp NgRk; mg;ngz; jhia nrhUtpy tptrha gz;izapy; re;jpj;Njd;.
tho;fi; fapy; mNefkhdtw;iw Ntz;b epwf; htpll
; hYk; ,thpd; fztiuAk; ehd;F gps;isfisAk; jkpo;
tho; e his fopg; g jw; f hf ghLgl Kay; f pd; w hs; . fpsh;r;rpahsh;fs; gLnfhiy nra;Jtpl;ldh;. $ypf;F

12 2004 • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;


,f; f puhkj; j py; trpf; f pd; w dh; . xUrpy rpq; f s
FLk;gq;fisj;jtpu jkpoh;fs; thOk; Aj;j mghaKs;s
,q; F rpq; f s jkpo; FLk; g q; f Sf; f pilapy;
jpUkzq;fSk; ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ.
fle;j Aj;jk; nrhUtpy fpuhkj;ij ,Ushf;fpa
re;jh;g;gkhf mjhtJ 1990Mk; Mz;bd; Kjy;
miug;gFjpapy; ,q;Fs;s ngz;fspd; fzth;fisAk;>
gps;isfisAk; mopj;J Aj;jj;Jld; njhlh;Gila
,uz; L jug; g pdUk; njhLj; j jhf; F jy; f is
Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,e;j mg;ghtpfsJ Njitf;fhf Aj;jk;
cUthf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;whYk; ,d;W mth;fspd;
Aj;jk; fhuzkhf tpjitfshf;fg;gl;l caphf; is ghJfhg;gjw;fhf Aj;jk; epWj;jg;glNtz;Lk;.
nrhUtpy fpuhkj;jpd; rpy ngz;fs; Aj;jj;jpd; gq;fhspfs; xUGwkpUf;f ngz;fSk;
gps;isfSk; mehijfshf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. Aj;jj;jhy;
kidtpf; F fztDk; gps; i sf; F je; i jAk;
khLNka;j;J tho;f;if elj;Jk; ,g;ngz; nfh^u
mopf;fg;gl;L tho;T rPuopfpd;wJ.
Aj;jj;jpd; mDgtq;fis vd;Dld; gfphe; J
; nfhz;lhh;.
,f; f puhkq; f spy; trpf; F k; gps; i sfsJ
Kjp a d; N r jp y fkyh
fkyh; 43 taJila 5
vjph; f hyj; i j ghJfhg; g J ahh; ? vOj; j wpf; f >
gpsi; sfSf;Fj;jha; fzth; 1995Mk; Mz;L ghJfhg;G
cztspff ; > Mil mzpa cjTtJ ahh;? ,tw;iw
gphptpdhy; ifJnra;ag;gl;lNjhL $yp Ntiynra;J
md;W Kjy; ,d;Wtiu Nfs;tpfSf;F khj;jpuk;
tho;e;Jnfhz;bUf;fpwhh;. ghlrhiy
kl; L g; g Lj; j p> mth; f sJ tho; f ; i fia NkYk;
nry;yNtz;bapUe;jhYk; mjw;fhd trjp tha;g;Gf;fs;
ghjhsj;jpwF ; ,l;Lr;nry;y Aj;jk; toptFf;Fk; vd;gjpy;
,y; y hj ,g; n gz; z pd; gps; i sfs; mjpfhiy
Iakpy; i y. ,t; T yfj; j py; gpwe; j jd; gadhf
nghOjpypUe;Nj $ypNtiy nra;fpd;whh;fs;. ,jpy; 16
,th;fSf;F ,wf;Fk;tiuahd tho;f;if kl;LNk
taJila Mz;gps;is Ciknad;gJ kpfTk;
nrhe;jkhfpwJ. ,e;j ,wg;ghdJ Aj;jj;jhy; Vw;gl;l
tUj;jj;jpw;FhpaJ.
xd;whf gjpTnra;ag;glhkYk; fzf;nfLf;fg;glhkYk;
fe;ijah nyr;Rkp> nry;yj;jk;gp rNuh[h Xh; ,og;ghfNt fhyk; fle;JtpLk;. me;jstpw;F
,UtUk; jq;fs; fzth;fis ,oe;J jtph;f;Fk; ,th;fsJ caph;fspd; ngWkjp ntspAyfj;jpw;F
vq; f Sila ngz; f s; j hd; . Aj; j k; mth; f is njhpahkypUg;gNj ,jw;fhd fhuzk;.
gopnfhz;lJ. $yp Ntiynra;J tho;itf;fopf;Fk;
,t; T yfj; j py; te; J gpwf; F k; xt; n thU
nry;yk;kh rNuh[h Nghd;w E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd ngz;fs;
kdpjDf;Fk; caph; tho;tjw;F chpik cz;L.
nrhUtpy fpuhkj;jpy; trpf;fpd;wdh;. gps;isr;Rikahy;
midtUf;Fk; nghJthd midj;J chpikfSk;
my;yYWk; ,th;fSf;F tUkhdtopfs; ,y;iy.
rl;lj;jpd;gb ,th;fSf;F chpj;jhdJ vdpDk;
%d;W Ntisfspy; xU Ntiskl;Lk; VjhtJ
rl;lnkd;W xd;wy;yhkYk; fjpaw;Wk; ,Uf;fpdw; ,e;j
cz; L tpl; L rpW njhiff; f hf $ypNtiy
kf;fSf;F me;j chpikfs; fpilg;gjpy;iy. ,q;F
nra;fpd;whh;fs;. fzth;fs; capNuhL ,Uf;ifapy;
rpq;fsk; jkpo; vd;w ghFghL gpur;rid my;y.
mth;fs; $ypNtiy cioj;j gzj;ij itj;J
tWikAk; iftplg;gl;l epiyAk; gpur;ridahf
tho;ej; dh;. kPdg; pbf;f nry;Yk; NghJk; $yp Ntiyapy;
cs; s d. ehq; f s; gj; J jpirfspYk; ghh; i t
<Lgl; l NghJk; mth; f s; ifJnra; a g; g l; l ik
nrYj; J k; N ghJ> ,th; f sJ fz; f spy; Cry;
Jujp];ukhd rk;gtq;fs;jhd;.
Mbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd vjph;ghh;g;ig
ghlrhiy nry;yNtz;ba tajpYk; ghlrhiy vd;dhy; czuKbfpd;wJ. •
nry;yhky; ,Uf;Fk; 95 rjtPjkhd gps;isfs;
nrhUtpy fpuhkj; j py; tpjitfshf ,Uf; F k;
NwZfh jkae;jp fSg`d
nghyd;dWit
ngz;fspd; gps;isfs; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
(,e;j jfty;fis jpul;Ltjpy; jkpo; nkhopapypUe;J rpq;fs
,jw; f hd nghUshjhuk; ,th; f splk; ,y; i y. nkhopf;F nkhopkhw;wk; nra;J ghhpa gq;fspg;ig nrYj;jpa
,jd;gadhf mNefkhdth;fs; Ntiyapy; nry;tp ,uh[uj;jpdk; ,e;Jkjp mth;fSf;F vdJ ed;wpfs;.)
mkh;j;Jtjw;fhf efuq;fSf;F nfhz;Lnry;yg;gl;L- mbf;Fwpg;G : 'gl;lhr;rhuht"
s; s dh; . fhyq; f le; j Fzg; g Lj; j Kbahj Neha; ngsj;jk; $Wk; tuyhw;Wf;fijfspy; xd;wpy; Kjypy; fztd;
gpd; gps;isfs; ,Wjpahf ngw;Nwhiu ,ye;j ngz;kzp
nehbfshy; gPbf;fg;gl;Ls;s mNefkhd gps;isfs;
nrhy; • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • 2004 13
,yq;if K];ypk; ngz;fs;
vjphN; ehf;Fk;
rthy;fs;
K];ypk; fyhrhuj;jpy; ngz;fs; njhopYf;F nry;tJ Fwpj;J gy;NtW fUj;J
NtWghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Kiwahf fy;tp gapd;W mur njhopnyhd;wpy; <LgLjy;
my;yJ Ranjhopypy; <LgLjy;> Mil my;yJ NtW cw;gj;jp nraw;ghLfspy;
Mh;tKs;s ngz;fs; xUrpyh; kl;LNk cs;sdh;. mth;thwhd xd;Wf;F K];ypk;
rKjhak; cjhrPdkhd gpd;dzpia Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. vkJ ehl;bd; gpujhd nkhopfshd
jkpo;> rpq;fs nkhopfs; gw;wp Nehf;Fifapy; Muk;g fhyq;fspy; njd;khfhzj;jpYk;
kiyafj;jpYk; cs;sth;fs; rpq;fs nkhopapy; fy;tp fw;f Kd;dpiytfpj;j
mNjNtis K];ypk; ngz;fs; Ntz;Lnkd;W me;j tha;g;gpid jtwtpl;Ls;sdh;.
cah;fy;tpia ngWtjw;fhf gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;F mDkjpj;jy; ,d;WtiuapYk;
K];ypk; ngz;fSf;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sik ahtUk; mwpe;jNj.

, e;ehl;bd; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; K];ypk;


kf; f s; 7.8% gq; f spg; G nrYj; J tij
fhzKbfpd;wJ. mjpy; Rkhh; 60 rjtPjkhdth;fs;
nghUshjhuk; mwpKfk; nra;Jitf;fg;gl;l gpd;dh;
Nghl;b epiwe;j cyfj;jpy; mth;fs; gzk; rk;ghjpfF
,ae;jpuq;fshf;fg;gl;Ls;sik kw;Wk; rka/fyhrhu
; k;

Fiwe;j tUkhdq;fis <l;ly; kpfg;ghhpa r%f tplaq;fspy; rkj;Jtk; Ngzg;gLtij czh;j;jp


neUf;fbia Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sJ. ,e;ehl;by; epytpa K];ypk; ngz;fs; ntspehLfSf;F mDg;gg;gl;ldh;.
50 Mz; L fhy murpay; > r%f nghUshjhu tpthfkhd ngz;fs; kl;Lky;yhJ tpthfkhfhj
Kiwikfs; ,k; K uz; g hLfis cUthf; f pa ngz;fSk; FLk;g tWik fhuzkhf ntspehL
fhuzpfshf ,Uf;fyhk;. K];ypk; kf;fs; kiwKf nrd;Ws;sik kiwKf tplaky;y. vdpDk; FLk;g
nry;te;jh;fs; vd ngUk;ghyhdth;fspy; re;Njfk; myFfspy; tPo;r;rp ghhpa gpur;ridahfTs;sJ.
epytpdhYk; ,J cz; i k my; y . mNefkhd
fly;fle;J nrd;W Nrtfh; njhopiyahtJ nra;a
efuq;fspy; nts;spff; poik [{k;kh njhOifapdN; ghJ
,aYkhf ,Ug;gJ mNefkhNdhhpd; ftdj;jpw;F
gs;spthry; mUfpYk; filfis mz;ba ghfq;fspYk;
VJthfTs; s J. rpW Cjpaj; j pw; f hf rpukj; i j
xd;W$Lk; K];ypk; ahrfh;fspd; (gpr;irf;fhuh;fspd;)
mh;g;gzpf;Fk; ngz;fSk;> AtjpfSk; me;j ehl;by;
vz;zpf;if mjpfhpj;j tz;zk; cs;sJ. fz;b>
mDgtpff ; pdw; ,d;dy;fs; ,yq;iff;F ,ufrpaky;y.
mf;Fuiz> khtndy;y> nfhOk;G> NgUtis kw;Wk;
Mdhy; mth;fs; ,yq;iff;F mDg;Gk; gzj;jpy;
fhyp mlq;fyhd gpugykhd efuq;fspy; ,e;epiy
FLk;gj;jpd; Vida cWg;gpdh;fs; jpd;W Fbg;gJ
cWjpnra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
kl; L k; cz; i k. jha; k hiu tpl; L jtpf; F k;
epiyik ,t;thwhapDk; ,yq;if K];ypk; Foe;ijfs; kidtpaiu tpl;L tpyfp jtwhd
ngz;fs; gw;wpa ghh;it Nkw;Fwpj;j ghijapy; nry;Yk; fzth;fs;.... ,it gw;wp xU
Kuz;ghLfspD}lhf fye;Jiuahlg;gl Ntz;Lk;. rpyNu tpkh; r dk; nra; f pd; w h; . rpyNtisfspy;
ngUthhpahd K];ypk; FLk;gq;fs; jkJ nghUshjhu gpur;ridia jtphj; J; f;nfhs;s gy tplaq;fs; cs;sd.
neUf;fbf;F kj;jpapy; kj;jpa fpof;F
K];ypk; fyhrhuj;jpy; ngz;fs; njhopYf;F
tPlL
; g;gzpgn; gz;fshf 1977Mk; Mz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy;
nry;tJ Fwpjj; gy fUj;JNtWghLfs; epyTfpdw; d.
,Ue;J ntspehL nrd;wdh;. ,yq;ifapy; jpwe;j
K];ypk; fyhrhuj;jpy; ngz;fs; njhopYf;F nry;tJ

14 2004 • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;


Fwpj;J gy;NtW fUj;J NtWghLfs; ngw;Ws;s fy;tp mwptpd; gadhf mth;fsJ tpthf
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Kiwahf fy;tp gapd;W mur eltbf;iffspdN; ghJ gpur;ridfSf;F Kfk;nfhLf;-
njhopnyhd; w py; <LgLjy; my; y J Ranjhopypy; fpdw; dh;. jd;idtpl fy;tpawpT Fiwe;j Mz;fis
<LgLjy; > Mil my; y J NtW cw; g j; j p kzg;gjw;F mth;fspy; tpUk;gkpd;ik
nraw;ghLfspy; Mh;tKs;s ngz;fs; xUrpyh; kl;LNk fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; cah;fy;tp ngw;w K];ypk;
cs;sdh;. mt;thwhdnthd;Wf;F K];ypk; rKjhak; ngz;fspd; jpUkztaJ ,d;W cah;e;Js;sJ.
cjhrPdkhd gpd;dzpia Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. vkJ rPjdg;gpur;ridiaAk; mth;fs; vjph;Nehf;Ffpd;wdh;.
ehl;bd; gpujhd nkhopfshd jkpo;> rpq;fs nkhopfs; Muk;g fhyq;fspy; ntspehLfspy; Ntiyapy; <LgLk;
gw;wp Nehf;Fifapy; Muk;g fhyq;fspy; K];ypk; ngz;fis me;j r%fk; epe;jidAld;
njd;khfhzj;jpYk; kiyafj;jpYk; cs;sth;fs; rpqf ; s Nehf;fpdhYk;> jw;fhyj;jpy; mth;fsJ nghUshjhu
nkhopapy; fy;tp fw;f Kd;dpiytfpj;j mNjNtis typik Fwpj;J Mz;fs; kj;jpapy; ghhpa tpUg;gk;
K];ypk; ngz;fs; Ntz;Lnkd;W me;j tha;g;gpid fhzg;gLfpdw; J.
jtwtpl; L s; s dh; . cah; f y; t pia ngWtjw; f hf tlf;fpy; epytpa Nghh;r;#oy; fhuzkhf K];ypk;
gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;F mDkjpjj ; y; ,d;WtiuapYk; rptpy; r%fk; ghjpg;Gf;F ,yf;fhdJ tlf;F fpof;F
K];ypk; ngz;fSf;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sik khfhzq;fspypUe;J tpul;babf;fg;gl;l K];ypk;
ahtUk; mwpej ; Nj. mt;thW fy;tp fw;wpUg;gpDk;$l kf; f spd; gpur; r idfs; ,d; W r%f rpf; f iy
vk; e hl; b y; njhopy; toq; F tJ njhlh; g hd Njhw;WtplL; s;sJ. ehL g+uhfTk; ,lk;ngah;ej; K];ypk;
Njrpaf;nfhs;ifnahd;W ,y;yhjpUg;gijAk; ,q;F kf;fs; trpf;fpd;wdh;. ,q;F mdhijfshf;fg;gl;l
Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. FWfpa fhyj;jpw;fhtJ kj;jpa ngz;fs; mstpy;yhj Jaiu mDgtpf;fpd;wdh;.
fpof;fpy; njhopy; nra;Ak; KiwNa ,t;thwhd jj;jkJ Ch;fspypUe;J tpul;lg;gl;l ,th;fsJ
jilfSf;F kj;jpapy; FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhu gps; i sfspd; fy; t papy; Vw; g Lk; gpd; d ilT
neUf; f bf; f hd jP h ; t hfTs; s J. ntspehl; b w; F murpay;thjpfSf;F kfpo;r;rpaspg;gjhf mikAk;.
mDg; g pahtJ gzk; nfhz; L tu rKjhak;
tw;GWj;JfpwJ. Mifahy; MrpahtpYs;s K];ypk; ,yq;if K];ypk; ngz;fspd;> NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l
ehLfs; kj;jpapy; mjpfsthd K];ypk; ngz;fis gpur;ridfs; njhlh;gpy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wjh
ntspehl; L f; F mDg; G k; ehlhf ,yq; i f vd;gJ njspthf Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. jdpegh;
,Uf;fpd;wik njspthfpd;wJ. tho; f ; i f tpUj; j pnra; t jpy; njhlh; G gl; l hYk;
r%fg;gpur;ridfspy; mth;fsJ gq;fspg;G tPo;r;rp
FWfpa murpay; ,yhgq; f Sf; f hf ,d mth; f is r%fj; j py; jdpikg; g Lj; j pAs; s J.
tpfpjhrhuj;ij ikakhff;nfhz;L rKjhaj;ij ngUthhpahd K];ypk;fs; twpath;fshdhYk; Vida
gpsTgLj;j Vw;gLj;Jfpdw; midj;J NguopTfSf;F r%fq;fs; ,jid Vw;f kWf;fpd;wdh;. njhlh;ghly;
ehk; midtUk; ,iuahf;fg;gLjy; Gjpjy;y. K];ypk; Kiwfsapy; fhl;Lk; FiwghL ,jw;F fhuzkhf
r%fj; j pypUe; J tpahghuq; f s; Kwptile; J > mikfpdw; J.
Nghl;br;re;ij epytuq;fis fUj;jpy;nfhs;shik-
apdhy; ,yq;if K];ypk; kf;fspd; ghuk;ghpa njhopyhd fly;fle;J nry;tjhy; kl;Lk; gpur;ridf;fhd
tpahghuj;njhopy; ifeOtpAs;sJ. fy;tpawptpdi ; kAk; jPh;T fpilg;gjpy;iy vd czuKbahjpUg;gJ
,jpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpAs;sJ. fy;tp fw;wiy Ntjidf;FhpaJ. ,e;epiyikia njspTgLj;Jtjpy;
iftplL ; mur njhopypy; ftdk; nrYj;jhky; ehshe;j K];ypk; Gj;jp[Ptpfs;> murpay;thjpfs; gpd;jq;fpNa
tUkhdj; i j <l; b j; j Ufpd; w Ranjhopy; f spy; epw;fpd;wdh;. ehSf;F ehs; cf;fpukilfpd;w r%f
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twpath; f shf; f pAs; s J. ,e; n eUf; f bapypUe; J jtpu Ntnwhd;Wk; elg;gjpy;iy. mjdhy; ,e;ehl;L
kPzL ; tUtjw;fhf njhifthhpahd K];ypk; ,isQh; K];ypk; kf;fspd; ',jaj;Jbg;G" mikjp nfhs;shky;
Atjpfs; kj;jpafpof;F njhopyf; is Njh;en; jLj;jhh;fs;. ,Ug;gjw;F ,e;neUf;fbfisAk; rthy;fisAk;
ntw;wpnfhs;s Kd;tu Ntz;Lk;. Vida
FbapUg;Gf;fs; ,d;ik fhzpfs; gw;whf;Fiw r%fj; j pdUld; ,ize; J ,g; g pur; r idfis
Nghd;w fhuzq;fshy; xNu tPl;by; gy FLk;gq;fs; rhjpg;gjw;fhd fhyk; ,g;NghJ kyh;e;Js;sJ. •
rPtpfF; k; Kiw ,e;ehl;L K];ypk; kf;fs; vjphN; ehf;Fk;
NkYnkhU rthyhFk;. ,jdhy; ew;gz;Gfs;> Rfhjhu
kw; W k; Rw; w hly; rpf; f y; f isAk; ngz; f Ns mfk;kJ ]k;\hJ Ngfk;
vjph; N ehf; F fpd; w dh; . xUrpy K]; y pk; ngz; f s;

nrhy; • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • 2004 15


rpW
fij
,uî« bgWk½Ä¡fnj v¬W
RFzt½ kdij¤ nj¦¿¡
bfh©lh´. fhuz«/ x²bthU
,uîlD« th³É¬ k¦WbkhU eh´
fʪJ ÉL»wnj v¬gJjh¬.
,U¥¾D« IªJ MW tUl§fshf
RFzt½Æl« tªj ¼y ,uîf´
g¦¿ mt´ Éu¡½ bfh©lh´.
ne¦iwa ,uî« m²thW mtS¡F
ntjidia¡ bfhL¤j kw¡f
Koahj ,uthfnt mikªjJ.
g¼nahL tªJ ,lJ ifƱ
mk®ªj Es«ig mt´ tyJ

Rak;tuk; ifah± bk±ykhf mo¤jh´.


MdhY« mªj ntisƱ mt´
clȱ njh¬¿a bk±Èa ntjid
mtsJ KG cliyí« tUo¢
Rkpfh ngNuuh br¬wJ.
,L¥ig¥ ¾o¤J¡ bfh©L
RFzt½ vG«ò« nghJ j¬id
m¿ahknyna xU Kdf±
å £L thrȱ ìw
nt¥g ku¤½¬ nt® ÛJ
mk®ªjthW RFzt½/ öu¤nj
JË Ú®Tl ,±yhJ mL¥¾± fhí«
bt¦W¢r£oÆÈUªJ btËahd
òifia mtS¡F "hgf¥gL¤½aJ.
btËna¿aJ. cliy mo¤J¥
ngh£lJ ngh¬w xU tÈ. ,ªj
,l¤½± jh¬ v¬W brh±y
bjǪj c¬dµ»Ça kiy¡F¥
,uî tªjJnk RFzt½¡F xU Koahjsî¡F nehî. clȬ
¾¬dh± NÇa¬ j¬ fil¼¡ x²bthU ¼W eu«¾¬ Clhfî«
ga« tªJÉL«. vªj neu« vªj¥
f½iuí« kiw¤J¡ bfh´S« tiu guªJ¢ br¬wJ.
g¡f¤jh± J¥gh¡» btof´ tUnkh
gh®¤J¡ bfh©oUªjh´. kWòw«
v¬w gank mJ. MÆD« P¾´is... V¬ ,¬D«
ca®ªJ ts®ªj ½«òyhfy
tªJnrU« x²bthU ,uÉY« És¡if¥ g¦w it¡f±y....P
kiyí¢¼. kiwªJ¡ bfh©oU¡F«
mtS¡F Vnjh xU Éj ÉU¥gK«
m¡f½®fis gh®¤jthnw mt´/
,U¡f¤jh¬ br-jJ. mªj cz®î Pm½± v´ssî« v©bz-
P,¥nghJ kiwªJ nghdhY« ehis
mtsJ ,ja¤½± xU _iyƱ ,±y....P
Ú v¬Ål« tu¤jhnd nt©L«....P
,Uªj ¼Wò´Ënghy ,UªjJ.
v¬gJ nghÈUªjJ. ne¦iwa ½d« xU rjnkD«
,uit ÉU«òtJ v¬gJ Vnjh
r«gh½¡f KoahJ nghd Fiw
F©L k±È ntÈÆÈUªJ tªj Kf« gh®¡f ÉU«ghj mu¡fid
kWgoí« RFzt½Æ¬ kdij
bj¬w± miyf´ fh-ªj gh®¥gJ nghynt ,UªjJ. mªj
»´Ë É£lJ.
,iyfnshL ruru v¬w xÈnahL v©z«/ mªj¢ ¼W ò´Ëia
RFzt½ia¡ flªJ Jhu¤nj ngh- ¼jwo¤J¡ bfh©L RFzt½Æ¬ Pvd¡F xU g¤J %ghahthJ
kiwªjJ. k©bt£oah± mo¤jJ« ,ja¤½± ìW« btË¥g£lJ. juhk± nghd ,tDfS¡F ,ojh¬
Plh¬P v¬w r¤j¤ij jU« ,U¥¾D« v¤jid ÉHQ«...P RFzt½ jhdhf
Éj¤½± tw©Lnghd Ãy«/ xU bfhLikba¬whY« x²bthU òy«¾dh´.

16 2004 • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;


ntiyia br-J Ko¤j ¾wF ku¤½± ÉG« bt£L¡F É¡uk¼§f nr® brh¬dh®.
v£o cij¡»wh®f´. ¼y® cÆiu¡ rh-ªJÉG« ku« nghy É¡uk¼§f
tÆwhw rh¥¾Ltij Él
Tl jUnth« v¬w nrhjidƱ RFzt½Æ¬ cl± ÛJ rǪJ
,u©L ¾´isfnshL e¡»¢
»£l tU»wh®f´. nrW / kz±nkL/ ÉGªjh®.
rh¥¾lntD« VJ« »il¡fhjij
it¡nfh± v¬W jh« ,U¡F«
PC-....P RFzt½ jhdhfnt RFzt½ Ãid¤J¡ bfh©lh´.
,l¤ij¥ g¦¿ ftiy¥glhk± f£o¥
Kz§»dh´.
òuS« nghJ ,t®f´ rÇahf nr®khU¡F v¬d....
nr¦¿± C¿¥nghd vUikf´ PV¬ cd¡F nehFjh?..P khj¤J¡bfhUKiw mǼ/ gU¥ò
nghy elªJ bfh´»wh®f´. ne¦W v¬W _£il _£ilahf byh¿Æy
,uî g¤J kÂahF« nghnj xUt® É¡uk¼§f m¬nghL nf£lh®.
tªJ ,w§FJ. mJ k£Lkh fh£o±
¾¬ xUtuhf v¤jid ng® cl±ÛJ mªj trd§fnshL giHa f¼¥ò
nt£ilaho »il¡»w fh£L¥
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ngh¬wt¦¿¬ ,iw¢¼ ntw. v½y
v¬W RFzt½ Ãid¤J¡ fhy¤½Y« f¼¥ò/ f´S Fo¤j
FiwÆU¡F.... ntQĬdh
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gL¤J¡ bfh©lh´. RFzt½Æ¬
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ehyhtJ bghƬoy ,UªJ 2115
bfh©lh®. RFzt½Æ¬ Pm«khonah..ÑnH ,w§F§f
tUth®. v¬ndhl gz¤ijí«
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nr®¤J jUthU..P
mj¦F mtfhr« ,U¡fɱiy. Koa±y...P khL nk-¡F« iga¬
PInah nr®.. m¥go¢ kh£il Éu£o¥ ngh- ìW
Pc¬ndhl KJ»y K´S
br-ahÔ§f.. ehis¡F mǼ fis¥gh± _¢R ÉLtJ nghy
F¤J«. xU JÂiaahtJ
rhkh¬ th§f¡Tl vd¡F fis¥òl¬ _¢R É£L¡
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g¦iwÆy É\ K£fS«
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miuí« Fiwíkhf cL¤½¡
eh£fis Él gÇnthL elªJ #£o....P ,U£o± m§FħF«
bfh©nl T¿dh´. ,U˱
bfh´tij RFzt½ cz®ªjh´. jlÉ¡ bfh©nl nf£lh®.
mtdJ ifia¥ ¾o¤j nghJ/
ca®ªj jo¤j É¡uk¼§f mt´
PrÇjh¬ nghO...P v¬wthW mtsJ Pnr® v¬ndhl fhR...P
cl± ÛJ òu©L ,U¡ifƱ
iffis j£oÉ£L nkY« vijnah
RFzt½ah± _¢R vL¡fî« P,¬iw¡F ifÆy xU rjK«
Kz§»¡ bfh©L jahnrd nr®
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btËna¿ É£lh®. ,Å v¬d
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gh®¡f¡Tl RFzt½ah± jhnwnd...P
fUzhnrd cd¡F v¬d
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PfhR FL¡fhk± ½£o¡ »£nl
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nghdhU....P f·l¥g£L _¢R
ehis fhiyÆy gh© vL¡fthtJ
th§»¡ bfh©nl RFzt½
,t®fis Él ng- ¾rhR e±yJ Koa±ny¬dh v¥go...? P
brh¬dh´.
nghy.... RFzt½ Ãid¤J¡
bfh©lh´. PxU¡fh brh¬dh nfns¬.
PxU rjK« juɱiyah..?P
v¬»£l fhR ,±yhjjh± jhnd
eh¬fhtJ bghƬ£o¬ P«A&..P brh±nw¬. nghd khj r«gs¤ij
É¡uk¼§f JiuƬ Fuȱ xUÉj m¥gona å£L¡F mD¥¾£nl¬.
gÇî fhz¥g£lJ. ,¥gÇî ,¬D« PmtDf m¥go¤jh¬...
,ªj fh£L¡F´s vJ¡F gz«.
bfh¨r neu¤J¡F¤jh¬ v¬gJ v±yhiuí« Vkh¤JthDf.P
mjdhy eh¬ fhR
RFzt½¡F bjÇí«. v¬whY« PÚ buh«gî« bkȨ¼£nl... it¢R¡»w½±ny. cd¡F eh¬
fh-ªj it¡nfh± ÛJ bgU« cl± njw¡Toa vijahtJ ehis¡F gh© th§f fhR jhnw¬.
v½®gh®¥nghL rh-ªJ bfh©lh´. rh¥¾L...P RFzt½Æ± nrh®ªJ ehyhtJ bghÆ©L¡F bgÇa
thiH¡Fiyia bt£oa ¾¬ eL nghd Kiyfis ¾irªjthW

nrhy; • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • 2004 17


igaid mD¥ò...P ,±iyah?.. ,§nf th...P MwhtJ PC-... bjhnw...P RFzt½
ik±f±Y¡F g¡f¤½ÈUªj Kz§»dh´...
PInah nr® m¥¾o br-ahÔ§f...
nf«¥¾± ,Uªj ɱr¬ nr®
Kj±y tªj bjhiuí« x¬Wnk PV¬... cd¡F tÈ¡Fjh....?
RFzt½Æ¬ iffis¥ ¾o¤J
juƱny... ehis¡F eh¬ v¥go vd¡F¤jh¬ tÈ¡fQ«.... c¬
,G¤jh®. mtsJ ,lJ if
mǼ rhkh¬ th§FwJ....P clȬw vY«ò F¤JJ... v§f»£l
njhnshL fH¬W É£lnjh vd
tªjh¤jh¬ cd¡F tÈ¡FJ.
Pbghoa¬ mD¥g¢ brh¬nd¬ mt´ Ãid¤jh´.
gilÆd® tªjh e±yh ö¡» ö¡»
jhnd... gh© th§f gz« bfhL¤J
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mD¥ònw¬.P
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m¥ghÉ....P
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P½£lhk± c¬id¥ nghy
tªJ V¿¥ngh£L nghfk£L« R«kh
nt¼fis R£L¡ bfh±yQ«P
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RFzt½ vijí« ngr ,l« RFzt½ia ga«
PInah nr®... br-ÆwJ ,¥gona
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,U£onyna ngh- kiwªjh®. J¥gh¡»nahL
,U¡F« mt®fis PrÇjh¬.. br-ÆwJ v¥go¬D Ú
,U˱ RFzt½Æ¬
e«g KoahJ. vd¡F go¥¾¡»¿ah? e±y
f©f˱ nj§» ìw f©Ù®¤
gz« v¥go¥ Fz¤njhL brh±ny¬. RL glhk±
JËf´ ahU¡Fnk bjÇaɱiy.
vG«¾ c£fhU. V¬ cd¡F
,L¥¾± Ó¤ij JÂia R¦¿¡ nghdhY« cÆiu¥
m¼§fkh ,U¡fh?” vGªJ Xo Él
bfh©nl RFzt½ ghJfh¤J¡
Ãid¤jhY« RFzt½ia ga«
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PV-.. Ú v§nf nghnw... ñY...P v¬W bgÇa Jiu mt®fis e«g KoahJ. gz«
Kf¤½± g£l nlh®¢ btË¢r¤½± brh¬d Éjkhf v¥go¥ nghdhY« cÆiu¥
RFzt½Æ¬ f©fËÈUªJ fd± RFzt½ br-jh±. ghJfh¤J¡ bfh©lh± nghJ«
bj¿¤J¡ bfh©oUªjJ. mJ v#khÅl« ml§»¡ v¬W bgÇa Jiu brh¬d Éjkhf
,a¡f¤½d® v¬w ga¤jh± nghF« ehia¥ RFzt½ br-jh±. v#khÅl«
RFzt½ cldna òjU¡F´ nghy. ml§»¡ nghF« ehia¥ nghy. ¾wF
kiwªJ bfh©lh´. flªj thuK« ɱr¬ JiunahL tªj v¤jid¥
RFzt½ia rª½¤j ,a¡f¤½d® ng® RFzt½ ÛJ V¿d® ,w§»d®
mtis fLikahf f©o¤J¢ v¬W mtS¡nf bjÇaɱiy.
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br¬wd®.
neu« ,U¡fɱiy. ÑnH »l¤½a Pm«kh. gh© th§f¡ fhR
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,uhQt¤J¡nfh bghÈR¡F jft± V¿aJ«/ ½«òyhfy kiyna j¬ÛJ vG¥¾dh¬.
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Pv¬»£l fhR ,±ny..
ah® vij¢ brh¬dhY« v§fs¡F RFzt½¡F. ɱr¬ bjhiuƬ
gfyhdJ« fil¡F¥ ngh-
rh¥¾l¡ bfhL¡f¡Toa fis¥¾¬ _¢R kfhthÈƬ
ehis¡F j®wjhf¢ brh±È¡
ahUıiyna - RFzt½ jd¡F´ miz¡f£il ½wªJ ghí« ÚǬ
flD¡F gh© xU uh¤jiy
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th§F.... fhiyÆny nghÆlhnj...
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g¼nahl ,U¡f KoahJ... V¬
juhk kh¿¥ nghf¥ gh®¡»wh- ,U¡fh....P
c¬»£l fhR ,±iyah?P

18 2004 • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;


Pbrh¬dh nfSlh... v¬»£l neu« ,UªJ bfh©L ¾u«ò gh®¡f Koíbk¬wh± fl¬g£lhtJ
,±y... bgÇa bjhªjuth ngh¢R...P Tilfis ¾¬Ådh´. Mdh± nghfhk± ,U¡f kh£lh´jhnd.
mj¦F¥ ¾¬ò å£L¡F´ns xU RFzt½ jÅikƱ jɤjh´.
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jh¬ RFzt½ ,¤ bjhÊY¡F
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fh£L¡F´ ngh- iffh±f˱ v¥go cjîtJ v¬W mt®fS¡F
K£f´ F¤j/ Ñw±f´ ÉH ¾u«ò fij¥gijÆ£L RFzt½
rªnjh\¥g£lh´. mt®fsh± bjÇí«. xnubahU ¾u¢¼id
eh®fis¥ g¿¤J tªJ ,U£oa ¾¬ò mt®fËl« v¥go¥
rnuhÍÅíl¬ nr®ªJ ¾u«ò¡ v¬iw¡fhtJ xU eh´ j¬
cwÉd®fËl« nghf Koí« v¬W nghtJ v¬gJ jh¬.P
Tilfis ¾¬Ådh´. mt¦iw
k¬d«¾£o ghy¤J¡F mU»Y« Ãid¤J¡ bfh©lh´. P,UªjhY« m«kh ,Ånky
bfh©L nghdh´. ghijah± th³¡if v²tsî Ó¡»ukhf ,ªj bjhÊY¡F¥ nghf nt©lh«.P
nghF« thfd§fS¡F if fh£o kh¦wkil»¬wJ? tHik nghy Pm¥go¢ brh¬dh± Ú vij
miH¤jh´. ,U¥¾D« ¼y ¾u«ò Tilfis ɦf fhiyƱ rh¥¾LtJ. xU neu« ,±yh£lh
eh£f˱ xU TiliaahtJ ɦf br¬w fkyjhr¬ khiyƱ mǼ ,¬bdhU neukhtJ xU gh©
Kot½±iy. ghij _oa ¾¬ò rhkh¬fis th§»¡ bfh©L åL J©ilahtJ rh¥¾lyh« jhnd.
thfd¥ ngh¡Ftu¤J« ìW ½U«gɱiy. m¬W 94« M©L ,J xU bf£l bjhʱ m±ynt.
É£lJ. Mfµ£ 10« ½f½ RFzt½Æl« mtDf v§fs nfty¥gL¤jhk±
P¾u¢¼id m½fǤj ¾¬ò gy® gyÉjkhf ÉrhǤjjh± e±ygo ftÅ¡fQ«.P
¾u«ò bt£l¥ nghfî« Koaɱiy. mtsh± ,¤½d¤ij kw¡f
Koaɱiy. bghy¬dWit rnuhÍÅ fil¡F¥ ngh-
RFzt½ia¥ nghynt
kht£l¤½± mt´ njlhj ,lnkh/ bfh©L tªj nuhµgh¬ rh¥¾£l
fkyjhrD¡F« e±y ifuh¼
,UªjJ. ¾u«ò¡ Tilfis nghfhj bghÈnrh/ Kfh«fnsh/ bghoa¬f´ ,u©L ngU«
mHfhf¥ ¾¬Dth¬. í¤j« njtµjhd§fnsh »ilahJ. Éisahl¥ ngh-É£ld®.
bfhG«ò¥ gF½¡F k£Lnk mt®fis å£L¡F´ T¥¾£L
Mu«¾¡F« K¬ò mt®f´ å£L
K¦w¤½± ,uî fhy§fËY« Ú©l tuKoahJ nghƦW rhµ½u« VJ« vL¡f¢ brh±È kfS¡F RFzt½
brh±Y« nghJ neu« ,U£l¡

nrhy; • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • 2004 19


bfh©oUªjJ. Äfî« fis¥nghL
ghƱ ÉGªJ ä½iuƱ M³ªj
RFzt½ bghoa¬f´ ,u©L
ngǬ r¤j« nf£L f©ÉʤJ¡
bfh©lh´. KjyhtJ juj;jpy; gbf;Fk; kfd;
PfhiyÆnyna V¬ jh¬ ,¥go¡ Nfs;tp xd;Wld; xU ehs; tPl;bw;F
tpb
f¤½¤ bjhiyÆnu.P
te;jhd; nts;sp
PghU§f m«kh ,t¬ v¬ndhl
' mk;kh nrhy;Yq;fs; tPlL
; j; jiytd; ahh;?"
gÅir g¿¢¼¡»£lh¬.P
' ahh;" ehd; Nfl;Nld;
Pcd¡F gŵ v§fhy
»il¢RJ?P
'mJjhNd mk;khtpwF ; ,J$l njhpahJ"
PflD¡F vL¡f±y.... bgÇa
m¡fh bfhL¤j gzneh£il¡
''vd;d"
bfhL¤J th§»nd¬. bgh-ba¬wh ' tl
P L; j;jiytd; ahh; vd;W"
nf£L¥ ghU§f. mt´ »£nl
,¬D« gz neh£L¡f´ ,U¡F.....P
'nrhy;Yk; ahh;"
Pkf´... kf´....P btËna mL¥ò
' mg;gh md;wp NtWahh""
vǤJ¡ bfh©L Kf¤ij j¬ tPlL ; j;jiyikj;Jtk; gw;wp vq;fs; tPlb ; y;
,Ufh±fS¡F« eLnt g½¤J¡
bfh©oUªj rnuhÍÅia
Ngr;Rf;fs; mbgLtjpyi ; y
miH¤jthnw RFzt½ br¬wh´. fpl; b a cwtpdh; f s; > ez; g h; f shf ,Ue; j hYk;
Pgŵ th§f cd¡F v§fhy
jiyikj;Jtk; njhlh;ghf
fhR.P xU ng¢R« ngrhk± ifƱ tPlb ; y; Nghl;b ,Ue;jjpyi ; y> vdNt
RU£o it¤½Uªj gz
neh£L¡fis rnuhÍÅ
jiyikj;Jtk; njhlh;ghd rpff ; y;
RFzt½Æl« fh©¾¤jh´. ,r;rpWtajpy; ,tDf;F tuf;fhuzkpyi ; y
Pcd¡F ,²tsî gz« v§fhy ' kfDf;F ahh; nrhd;dJ mg;ghjhd; jiytnud;W"
»il¢RJ?P
''tFg;G hPrr; h;> hPrr; h; nrhd;dhh; mg;ghjhdhk; tPlb
; d;
Pmt§f´ m«khit j£o¡ jiyth;""
fÊ¢rhY« vd¡F m¥go br-a±y.
eh¬ nf£l bjhifia m¥gona ' ,dpf; Nfl;lhy; vq;fs; tPlb ; y; ,uz;L jiyth;fs;
jªjh§f. mt§f´ xU ,Ug;gjhf hPrr; Uf;Fr; nrhy;Yq;fs;"
ehis¡fhtJ v§fS¡F K¬dhy ehd; nrhd;Ndd;
ehia¥ nghy k©oÆl¢ br-aQ«.P
rnuhÍÅ gaªJ gaªJ brh¬dh´. kfd; gjpy; $wtpyi ; y
m¡ Fuȱ ntjidí« nfhgK« tP l ; L r; r hkhd; gl; b aiyf; nfhLf; F k; NghJ
r¦W btWikí« fyª½UªjJ. tPl;Lj;jiytdhf
RFzt½ah± c´bsL¤j xU ngz;zpd; ngah; ,Ue;jhy;> fpuhk
_¢ir btËna Él KoahJ cj; j pNahfj; j h; f s; tP l ; L j; j iytdhf ngz; i z
nghƦW. xUghid nrh¦iw
Vw;Wf;nfhs;s kWg;gjhy; rpy ngz;fSf;F mth;fNshL
ntfit¡F« msî¡F
tpthjpff ; NehpLfpwJ.
RFzt½Æ¬ c´s¤½± nfhg¤Ô
,UªjhY« j¬ kfis¥ g¦¿ mt´ fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSk; vq;fs; ehl;L ghlrhiyfspy;
bgUik¥ g£L¡ bfh©lh´. mt´ gbj;jth;fsy;yth
v¬id¥ nghy nrh®ªJ nghdt´
m±y.... RFzt½Æ¬ kd« mNdhkh
brh±ÈaJ. •

20 2004 • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;


Nkjh gj;fhh;> mUe;jjp Nwha;> eh;kjh mizf;F vjpuhd

Nghuhl;lj;jpy;

, e; j pahtpd; eh; k jh ejpf; F FWf; f hf


miznahd;iw ephk ; hzpff; muR Nkw;nfhz;l
jPh;khdj;jpw;F vjpuhd khngUk; gUtjkhf xU ngz;
njhopy; Kaw;rpfSf;Fk;> fpuhkq;fSf;Fk; kpdt
toq;Fk; mgptpUj;jp nray;ghl;by; Xh; mq;fkhf
fUjg;gLk; ,t;tiz ephk ; hzpff
; Y rf;jpia

; g;gl;lhy; 61 fpuhkq;fs;
vOe;Jepd;whs;. rpwpa cUtj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jhYk;> ghjpf;fg;gLk;. fkj;njhopy;> kPd;gpbj;njhopy; Nghd;w
miz ephk ; hzpff; g;gLtjhy; ghjpff
; g;gl;l ,e;jpa Vio njhd;Wnjhl;L nra;JtUk; rPtNdhghaj; njhopy;fs;
kf;fSf;fhf ghhpa rf;jpahf khwp ,uhl;rj cUtnkLj;j fpuhkj;jth;fSf;F ,;yyhky; Nghjy; Fwpgg; plj;jf;f xU
vOe;J epdw; hhs;. me;j ngz; 'Nkjh gj;fhh" ,e;jpahit tplak; kw;iwaJ trpgg; plq;fs; ,of;fg;gl;L Fbngah;jy;.
mgptpUj;jpnra;a tFf;fg;gl;l ghhpa mgptpUj;jpj; miz eph;khzpg;gjw;F vjpuhf nraw;gLtNj ,e;j
jpll ; j;ij Fog;Gtjw;fhf mg;ngz; mlq;fyhd khngUk; midj; J mopTfSf; F khd ghpfhunkd kf; f s;
FOnthd; W #o; r ; r pnra; t jhf> ,e; j mizia czh;eJ ; s;sdh;.
eph;khzpg;gjhy; ,yhgj;ij ciof;f mjw;fhf Vw;fdNt 'eh;kjh gr;rh Nth Me;Njhyd"
vz;zpfn ; fhz;bUf;Fk; nghpa fk;gdpff ; hhuh;fs; jtwhd ( ) vd;w ngahpy; vjph;g;G
jfty;fis gug;gp Fw;wk; Rkj;jpAs;sdh;. ,t;thwhd ,af; f k; (Narmada Bachao Andolan) kwpay;
nray;g;ghLfspD}lhf 'Nkjh gj;fhh;" my;yJ mtUf;F Nghuhl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; muir typ;AWj;Jk; kf;fs;
gf;fgykhfTs;s twpa ,e;jpah;fis fl;Lg;gLj;j vtuhYk; Ch;tyq;fis Vw;ghL nra;J njhlh;e;Jk;
Kbatpyi ; y. Mh;g;ghl;lq;fspy; <Lgl;L tUtJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
eh;kjh Mw;wq;fiuia mz;ba xU fpuhkj;ij ,t;ntjph;g;G eltbf;iffspd; Kd;NdhbfshfTk;
cjhuzkhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;. me;jf;fpuhkj;jpd; ngah; Mh;gg; hl;lj;jpy; <LgLk; ngUk;ghyhdth;fshfTk; ngz;fs;
'gj;uhl;. ",J 'epkhl;" tisaj;jpw;FhpaJ. ,f;fpuhkk; fhzg;gLfpdw; ik tpNrl mk;rkhFk;. fle;j khjk; 15Mk;
,e;jpahtpd; kj;jpa gpuNjrj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. nropgG; jpfjp ,t;tpaf;fj;jhy; Vw;ghLnra;ag;gl;l khngUk; kf;fs;
epiwe;j fkj;njhopiy gpiog;ghff;nfhz;l Rkhh; 300 Ch; t yj; j pw; F Njrpa ngz; f s; Mizf; F Otpd;
FLk;gq;fs; ,q;F trpf;fpd;wdh;. jw;fhyj;jpy; nrOik mq;fj;jtuhd fyhepjp rapjh `kPl; jiyik tfpj;jhh;.
epiw fpuhkkhf ,J fUjg;gl;lhYk; 21Mk; E}w;whz;by; ,jpy; fye;Jnfhz;lth;fspy; mNefkhNdhh; ngz;fshth;.
eh;kjh ejp ngUf;nfLj;jjd; tpisthf ,f;fpuhkk; mth;fs; mth;fspd; gpwe;j kz;izAk; CiuAk;
,uz;L Kiwfs; nts;sj;jhy; ghjpff ; g;gl;L mopTw;wJ. fhg; g hw; W tjw; f hfTk; njhd; W njhl; L nra; J te; j
vdpDk; fhyj;jpd; Xl;lj;Jld; Vw;gl;l NguopTfspypUe;J. rPtNdhghaj; njhopy;fisg; NgZtjw;fhfTk; jq;fs;
Gj;Japh;ngw;W ,d;W mq;Fs;sth;fs; kpd;rhu kw;Wk; gpsi
; sfSf;F rpwe;j vjphf; hyj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;fhfTk;
njhiyNgrp trjpfis mDgtpff; pdw; dh;. ,it ,q;Fs;s ,t; t hW NghuhLfpd; w dh; . ,e; j twpa kf; f spd;
kf;fspd; msTfle;j mh;g;gzpg;Tf;fSf;F fpilj;j Ntz;Ljy;fis nrtpld;fhjpy; Cjpa rq;FNghy vt;tpj
ntFkjpfshFk;. kPz;Lk; kpfg;gaq;fukhd vr;rhpf;if gpujpgypg;igAk; fhl;lhj ,e;jpa muRk; rpy gpugy
tpLf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. mJ nts;sj;jpdhy; my;y th;j;jfh;fSk; gy;Njrpa fk;gdpfspd; ifahl;fshf khwp
eh;kjh ejpapd; FWf;Nf ephk
; hzpff ; cj;Njrpff; g;gl;Ls;s kf;fs; vjphg; i ; gf; fhl;bf;nfhLf;fTk; nfhr;rg;gLj;jTk;
mizahy; vd;gJ Fwpgg; plj;jf;fJ. ,e;jpahtpy; gy;NtW Kaw;rp nra;fpd;wdh;;. NBA mq;fj;jth;fs; Fwpj;j

nrhy; • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • 2004 21


gpuNjrthrpfs; my;yhjth;fnsdTk; vd;d vdf;F tpsq;ftpyi
; y. gpuNjr
'NtnwhU gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J
NtW ,lq;fspypUe;J ,lk;ngah;eJ; te;J kdpj Neaj;Jld; mur kw;Wk; mjpfhuj;ij
te; j th; f nsdTk; ,e; j pa muR ,g;Nghuhl;lj;jpy; gq;nfLj;jy;> ifapnyLj;Js;s egh;fspd;
njhptpff
; pdw; J. mjdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; gyhj;fhuq;fis ,t;Ntio kf;fs;
miz eph;khzpf;fg;gLtjhy; kf;fSf;fhf Fuy;nfhLj;jy; ,iuahfg; g Ltjw; F mth; f s;
,Ug;gplq;fis ,of;Fk; xt;nthU my;yJ Nghuhl;lj;jpy; <LgLk; ,ioj;j jtW vd;d?
FLk;gj;jpw;F jyh &gh 11>000I gpuNjr thrpfSf;F gf;fgykhf Nkjh gj;fhh; mlq;fyhd xU
,Ug;gjpy; jtW vd;d vdf;F
,og;gPlhf ngw;Wf;nfhLj;J FOtpdh; fle;j rpy ehl;fSf;F
tpsq;ftpy;iy. muR kw;Wk;
mth;fis gzj;jpwF ; mbikahf;f Kd;dh; ,e;j moptpdhy; ghjpff; g;gLk;
mjpfhuj;ij ifapnyLj;Js;s
,e;jpa muR #o;rr; pfis nra;jhYk; egh;fspd; gyhj;fhuq;fSf;fhf gpuNjrq; f spYs; s Kfhk; f is
mNefkhd gpuNjrthrpfs; mjw;F ,e;j Vio kf;fs; ghh;itapl;lNjhL> mq;Fs;sth;fs;
kWg;G njhptpj;jpUe;jhh;fs;. eh;kjh ,iuahf;fg;gLtjw;fhf jhq;fs; eh;kjh ejpapd; ePhpy; %o;fp
Mw;Wg;gs;sj;jhf;fpid mz;ba mth;fs; ,ioj;j jtW vd;d?" ,we; j hYk; ,k; k z; i ztpl; L
gFjpfspy; Nkw; n fhs; s g; g Lk; ntspNaw khl;Nlhk; ,J vq;fs;
- mUe;jjp Nwha;
ifj;njhopy;fspypUe;J ehshe;jk; ,Wjp KbT vd njhptpj;Js;sdh;.
&gh 150 njhlf; f k; &gh 450 ,e;j miz ephk ; hzpff
; g;gLkhdhy;
tiuahd njhifia tUkhdkhf ehDk; eh; k jh ejpapy; Fwpj; J
<l;lKbtjhYk; gpwe;j kz;iz jw;nfhiy nra;Jnfhs;tjhf Nkjh
tpl; L r; n ry; t jpy; fhzg; g Lk; gj;fhh; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. vz;gJ
tpUg;gkpdi ; k fhuzkhfTk; muRf;F taJila xU fkf;fhuh; ,e;j
kf;fis Vkhw;w KbahJs;sJ. mizfl;lg;gLtjw;fhd vjph;g;ig
vdpDk; kd cWjp ,y;yhj rpy Mz;fs; muRld; ntspapLk; Kfkhf jP i tj; J jw; n fhiynra; J
,zq;fp ,og;gl ; j;njhifiag; ngw;W fhzpfis toq;f nfhz;Ls;shh;. ,e;eghpd; ,r;nrayhdJ Nghuhl;lj;ij
P L
tpUg;gk; njhptpj;Js;sdh;. gzk; Ntz;lhk; vq;fs; tYg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
kz; Ntz;Lk; vd Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ,wq;fpa ngz;fs; fl; L iuia epiwT nra; t jw; F Kd; d h;
NfhhpapUe;jdh;. khngUk; cz;zhtpuj Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; Kd;Ndhbahd Nkjh gj;fhh; vd;w
fskpwq;fpa ,g;ngz;fs; ,og;gPLfisg; ngw ,zf;fk; ngz;izg;gw;wp xUrpy tplaq;fs; Kd;itg;gJ
njhptpj; j mth; f sJ fzth; f Sf; F czT cfe;jnjd epidf;fpdN; wd;. mtuJ ghhpa Kaw;rp kw;Wk;
rikj;Jf;nfhLg;gij epWj;jpdhh;fs;. mh;g;gzpg;G fhuzkhf midj;Jyf fkj;njhopy;
,e; j g; N ghuhl; l j; i j Kd; N dhbahf ,Ue; J mikg;Gf;fs;> ngz;fs; mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; kdpj
topelj;Jk; Nkjh gj;fhh; (1954) vd;w ngz;izj;jtpu chpikfs; mikg;Gf;fs; ,g;Nghuhl;lj;jpd;
cyfg;Gfo;ngw;w ,d;DNkhh; ngz; eh;kjh ejpapy; gq; n fLj; J s; s d. ,e; j pahtpYs; s Gj; j p [P t pfs; >
FWf;fhf mikf;fg;glTs;s miz vjphg; G; ,af;fj;jpy; fy;tpkhd;fs;> mwpthspfs; kl;Lky;yhJ midj;Jyf
,ize;Js;shh;. (God of small Things) vDk; E}iy fy;tpkhd;fSk; ,jw;fhd xj;Jiog;G toq;f ,zf;fk;
vOjpa 'Gf;fh;" rhfpjj; pa tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpff; g;gl;l njhptpj;Js;sdh;. ,J FWfpa ,yhgq;fis milAk;
'mUe; j jp Nuha; " vd; w ngaUila Gfo; n gw; w nghUl;ly;y> capiu gpizahfitj;J Nghuhl;lj;jpd;
vOj;jhsh;jhd; me;jg;ngz.; muR vOg;Gk; ehafpahf nray;gLk; Nkjh gj;fhhpd; vy;iyfle;j
Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fSf;F gjpyb nfhLf;Fk; ,th; ,t;thW ijhpaj;jpw;fhfNt ,th;fs; gf;fg;gykhf cs;sdh;.
njhptpf;fpd;whh;. me;jg;ngz; ,e;j Nghuhl;lj;ij kf;fspYs;s gw;W>
'murhq;fj;jhy; ephk
; hzpff; cj;Njrpff; g;gl;Ls;s mopT kdpjNeak; kw; W k; Neh; i kahd rpe; j idAld;
Vw;gLj;Jk; ,e;j mizia mikg;gjw;fhd epjpAjtpfs;> Nghuhl;lj;ij Kd;ndLj;Jr;nry;fpd;whh;. mtUila
tsq;fs; khepy muRf;fspdhy; toq;fg;gLtjpy;iy. tho;f;iff;fhf my;y. rhjhuz tho;f;if Kiwf;F
ntspaf epWtdq; f spypUe; J toq; f g; g Lfpd; w d. gof;fg;gl;l mg;ngz;zpd; fLk; ciog;G fhuzkhf
midj;J tsq;fspYk; E}w;Wf;F vOgj;jhW rjtPjkhd 2000Mk; Mz; L g+khNjtp jpdj; i j Kd; d pl; L
cjtpfs; ntspehl;L cjtpfshf cyf tq;fpapypUe;J ntspaplg;gl;l tpNrl 'iuk;" rQ;rpifapy; 21Mk;
ngwg;gLfpdw; d. epiyik ,t;thwpUf;ifapy; ,e;jpahtpd; E}w; w hz; b y; Rw; w hliy NgZtjw; f hf jd; i d
NtnwhU gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J te;J kdpj Neaj;Jld; mg;gzpg;Gr;nra;j tPuhq;fizahf 'Nkjh gj;fhh;" vd;w
,g;Nghuhl;lj;jpy; gq;nfLj;jy; mjdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; Mg+h;t ngz;zpd; ngaUk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJ. •
kf;fSf;fhf Fuy; nfhLj;jy; my;yJ Nghuhl;lj;jpy; G\;gh uk;ydp
<LgLk; gpuNjr thrpfSf;F gf;fgykhf ,Ug;gjpy; jtW (,e;jpah&Nl> iuk; rQ;rpiffspypUe;J)

22 2004 • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;


rkhjhd Kaw;rpapy;
ngz;fs; gq;fspg;gpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

1999Mk; Mz;L rk;Nksdk;>


nfhOk;G Gjpa efu
kz;lgj;jpy; njw;fpd;
jha;khh;fs; rq;fj;jpdh;
mth;fspd; gps;isfs;
fhzhkw;NghdJ Fwpj;J
elhj;jpa Mh;g;ghl;lk;.

mth;fNs. mh;j;jkw;w Aj;jj;ij epWj;Jtjw;Fk;


fle;jfhy mjw;F fhuzkhf mike;Js;s mbg;gilfis
,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;Fk; murpay; jPh;nthd;iw fhz
nraw;ghLfspd; Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ij ngz;fs;
vLj;Jf;fhl;bapUe;jhYk; mth;fspd; Fuy;fSf;F
kjpg;gspf;f vtUNk Kd;tutpy;iy.
Clhf..... Njrpa gpur; r idf; F epiyahd murpay;
jPh;nthd;iw ngwNtz;Lnkd;W ,U jrhg;jq;fshf

Nj rpa gpur;ridf;F mjd; vjph;tpisthd


,dg;gpur;ridf;Fk; jPhT
; fis fhZk; Kaw;rp
Gjpa E}w;whz;by; fhy;gjpf;Fk; mNjre;jh;g;gj;jpy;
ngz;fs; vd;w hPjpapy; mth;fsJ xj;Jiog;ig
njhlh;e;Jk; ey;fpAs;sdh;. mtw;wpy; xU rpytw;iw
epidT$w Ntz;Lk;.
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. md;wpypUe;J ,d;Wtiu 1982 bnrk;gh; khjk; Rje;jpu th;jj ; ftiyaj;jpwF
;
Ngr; R thh; j ; i jfs; my; y J xg; g e; j q; f spD}lhf mUfhikapy; mike;Js;s 'nghypnuf;]; njhopwr; hiy"
,g;gpur;ridf;Fhpa jPh;it Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F vLj;j Ntiy epWj;jj;jpwF ; xj;Jiog;G toq;Fk; tifapy;
midj;J Kaw;rpfSk; gydspf;fhj Kaw;rpfshfNt mNefkhf khfhzq;fspypUe;J gy;NtW Jiwfspy;
tuyhw;wpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. njhopy;Ghpe;j ngz;fisr;rhh;e;j 15 mikg;Gf;fs;
1984Mk; Mz;L midj;J fl;rpfspd; khehLk;> 'ngz;fs; nraw;FO" vd;w ngahpy; $l;lzpnahd;iw
gpd;dh; jpk;G khehLk;> ,yq;if ,e;jpa xg;ge;jKk; epWtpd. nghypnuf;]; Nghuhl;lk; rpwe;j ngWNgWfSld;
mjidaLj;J [dhjpgjp gpNukjhrh mth;fl;F vy;.hp.hp.<. epiwnta; j paNghJk; ,e; j $l; L njhlh; e ; J k;
mikg;gpwF ; kpilapy; nfhOk;gpy; elhj;jpa Ngr;Rf;fSk;> nraw;gl;lJ.
,Wjpahf 1995y; ,e;j murpd; fPo; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; fkk;> njhopyhsh; kw;Wk; ngz;fs; gpur;ridfs;
eilngw;w Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfSk; gy;NtW fhuzq;fs; gytw;iw mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l Nghuhl;lq;fis
kw;Wk; Jujp\;lj;jhy; Fok;gpg;Nghapd. ,t;thwhd ngz; f s; nraw; F O mt; t g; N ghJ elj; j paJ.
ve;jnthU Kaw;rpapYk; ngz;fspd; gfq;fspg;Gf;fs; Mh;gg; hl;lq;fs;> Ch;tyq;fs;> $l;lq;fis elhj;jpaJ.
,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdpDk; ,dg;gpur;rid Aj;jj;jhy; gy;Njrpa rPdp fk;gdpfSf;F vjpuhf fhzpfis
tlf;F> fpo ; f;fpy; kpfTk; Jd;gj;jpwF
; ,yf;fhFgth;fs; NgZk; t ifapy; nkhduhfiy fkj; n jhopy;
ngz;fNs Aj;jj;jpd; nfhLuj;ij mDgtpg;gth;fSk; Nghuhl;lj;jpwF
; k;> jhjpkhh; Nghuhl;lj;jpwF
; k;> ePh; thpapid

nrhy; • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • 2004 23


1994Mk; Mz;L tlgFjp
jha; k hh; f s; rq; f j; j pdh;
mth; f sJ gps; i sfs;
fhzhkw; N ghdJ njhlh; g hf
aho; mur mjpgh;
mYtyfj; j py; elhj; j pa
Mh; g ; g hl; l k;

,uj;Jr;nra;jy; Nghd;w Nghuhl;lq;fSf;Fk; jdJ fytuj; j pd; N ghJ rpq; f sth; f shy; jkpo; kf; f s;
xj;Jiog;ig toq;fpaJ. mj;NjhL Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; nfhd;WFtpf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;. nrhj;Jf;fs;
midj;Jyf kfsph; jpdk;> midj;Jyf njhopyhsh; mopf;fg;gl;lNjhL #iwahly;fSk; ,lk;ngw;wd.
jpdk; kw;Wk; midj;Jyf kdpj chpik jpdk; ,lk;ngah;Tfs; Vw;gl;ld. ,r;rk;gtj;jpd;NghJ
vd;gtw;iw nfhz;lhbaJ. gy;NtW ngz;fs; mikg;igr;Nrh;ej ; rNfhjhpfs; jkpo;
,r; n raw; g hLfSf; F Nkyjpfkhf ngz; f s; mayth;fis ghJfhj;jdh;. ,lk;ngah;e;j kf;fSf;F
nraw;FO tpNrlkhf tlf;F fpof;F kf;fs; kw;Wk; cjtpfis nra;jdh;. ,t;thwhd rYiffs; toq;Fk;
Njhl;lg;Gw kf;fSf;F vjpuhd Jd;GWj;jy;fs;> ghugl;r nraw;ghl;Lf;F khj;jpuk; tiuaiw nra;ag;glhky; $ba
ftdpg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; ,dthjj;jpw;F vjpuhf Fuy; ftdj;Jld; mt;thz;by; rh;tNjr njhopyhsh;
vOg;gpaJ. 1983 khh;r; 08Mk; jpfjp ngz;fs; nraw;FO jpdj; j pYk; kdpj chpikfSf; f hd jpdj; j pYk;
kfsPh; jpdj;ij nfhz;lhbaNghJ jkpo; ,isQh;fs; ,dg; g pur; r idf; F murpay; jP h ; T fhzg; g l
tijf;Fk; gaq;futhj jilr;rl;lj;jpw;F vjph;g;ig Ntz; L nkd; W mg; N ghija murhq; f j; j pw; F
njhptpjJ
; mjDila epiyg;ghl;il ntspgg; Lj;jpaJ. typAWj;jg;gl;lJ.
mijj;njhlh;eJ ; rpiwapy; jLj;J itf;ff;ggl;bUe;j 1984y; aho;gg; hzj;jpd; ty;ntl;bj;Jiw gFjpapy;
KjyhtJ jkpo; murpay; ifjp ephk ; yh epjj; pahee;jdpd; Nkw;nfhz;l jpBh; Nrhjidapd; gpd;dh;
tof;if Jhpjkhf tprhuiznra;J Kbf;FkhWk;> ifJnra;ag;gl;l 15 - 35 tanjy;iyf;F cl;gl;l
Njhl; l g; G w jkpo; kf; f Sf; F gpu[hThpikia Rkhh; 800 ,isQh;fSk; AtjpfSk; njw;fpd; ''g+];]"
ngw;Wf;nfhLj;J> Njhl;lg;Gw ngz;fSf;F Ntiyf;F Kfhkpw; F mDg; g g; g l; l dh; . ,jid vjph; j ; j
epfuhd Cjpaj;ij toq;fNtz;Lnkd;Wk; ngz;fs; aho;g;ghzj;jpd; jha;khh;fs; ''md;idaH Kd;dzp""
nraw;FO mjDila Ntz;LNfhs;fis xd;iw mikj;J aho; mur mjpgh; mYtyfj;jpw;F
Kd;itj;jJ. Ch; t ykhfr; n rd; W jq; f Sila gps; i sfspd;
1983 [{iy khjkstpy; vkJ tuyhw;wpy; ' fWg;G" tpLjiyf;fhd Nghuhl;lk; elj;jpdh;.
vOj;Jf;fshy; vOjg;gl;l tUe;jj;jf;f ,dthj ifJnra;ag;gl;lth;fspy; 30 Ngh; jtpu VidNahh;

fphp\he;jp Fkhurhkp ghypay;


ty;YwTf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;L
nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lik
njhlh;ghd epahaj;ij Nfhhp
1996Mk; Mz;L nfhOk;gpy;
elhj;jg;gl;l kwpay; Nghuhl;lk;

24 2004 • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;


VO ehl;fSf;Fs; tpLjiy nra;ag;gl;ldh;. md;idaH ',yq; i fapd; Njrpag; g pur; r id ,e; e hl; b d;
Kd;dzpa""pd; ,e;j Kaw;rpf;Fk; mjd; gpd;dh; gy tuyhw; w py; Xh; ,Uz; l Aj; j j; i j Vw; g Lj; j p
tUlq; f s; mth; f Sila eltbf; i ffSf; F k; ,Ugf;fj;jpYKs;s Mapuf;fzf;fpyhd caph;fis
ngz;fs; nraw;FO xj;Jiog;G toq;fpte;jJ. fhtpf; n fhz; L gaq; f u epiyia vl; b As; s J.
'ngz; f s; fw; g opf; f g; g Ltij epWj; j Tk; " 'ehk; kdpjhgpkhdkw;w ,e;j moptpy; ,iuahf;fg;gLk; vq;fs;
mOiff;fz;zPUlDk; gPjpAlDk; tho;fpd;Nwhk;" vd;w ike;jh;fs;> fzth;fs;> rNfhjuh;fs; kw;Wk; je;ijkhh;fs;
thrf ml;ilfis Ve;jpa tz;zk; jha;khh;fs; gw;wp ,e;ehl;L ngz;fs; vd;w tifapy; ehq;fs;
mikg;G 1984Mk; Mz;L aho;g;ghzj;jpy; elj;jpa kpfTk; Ntjidf;Fk; mjph;r;rpf;Fk;
Ch;tyj;jpw;Fk; vjph;g;G Mh;g;ghl;lj;jpw;Fk; njd;gFjp cs; s hf; f g; g l; L s; N shk; . ,e; j eP j paw; w mepaha
ngz;fs; mth;fsJ Mjuit njhptpjJ ; [dhjpgjpfF ; moptpdhy; Njrpa gpur;ridf;F jPh;T fpilf;Fk;
kf[h; xd;iw ifaspj;J Jz;Lg;gpuRuq;fisAk; vd;gjpy; vq;fSf;F ek;gpf;ifapy;iy. Mjyhy; Aj;j
ntspapl;ldh;. Aj;jj;jpd; mopT tlf;ifg;Nghd;W hPjpahd jPh;tpidtpl epahakhd murpay; jPh;tpd;
njw;ifAk; ghjpg;gij Rl;bf;fhl;b> gilNrh;g;G nghUl; L midj; J jug; i gAk; cs; s lf; f pa
tlf;fpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpa mNjNtis njw;fpy; gad; j uf; $ ba Ngr; R thh; j ; i jia cldbahf
Aj;jj;jpw;fhf mjpfsT ,isQh;fs; ,uhZtj;jpy; Muk; g pf; F khW ehq; f s; nfl; L f; n fhs; f pd; N whk; .
Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gLtij Rl;bf;fhl;bdhh;fs;. mjD}lhfNt rkhjhdk; vd;w ,yf;if mila
mj;NjhL Njrpa gpur;rid murpay; hPjpahd KbAnkd;W ehq;fs; ek;Gfpd;Nwhk;'
gpur;ridnad;Wk; murpay; jPh;Nt ,jw;fhd jPh;T gpdd
; h; ,e;j fUiz kD Rkhh; 10>000 ngz;fspd;
vd;Wk;> Mifahy; mh;j;jkw;w mopit ifnaOj;Jf;fSld; 1985Mk; Mz;L [dhjpgjpaplk;
Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; Aj;jj;jpd; epiyg;ghl;il ifaspf;fg;gl;lJ. 'ngz;fSk; rkhjhdKk;" vd;w
cldbahf jLj;J epWj;JkhW muRf;F fLikahf mikg;igr; Nrh;e;j rNfhjhpfs; ,k;Kaw;rpf;fhd
typAWj; j g; g l; l J. 1984Mk; Mz; b Wjpapy; mbj;jsj;ij ,l;Lj;je;jdh;. ,dthj fytuq;fshYk;
midj;Jf;fl;rpfspd; khehL Njhy;tpfz;lJk; muR Aj;jj;jhYk; jq;fSila ,lq;fis tplL ; ntspNawpa
kPz;Lk; Nghh; topiaf; filg;gpbj;jJ. Aj;jj;jpw;F egh;fs; FwpjJ ; ,e;j mikg;G njw;fpy; cs;sth;fis
vjpuhf vtUNk Fuy; vOg;ghj mNjNtis ngz;fs; njspTgLj;j jiyikahf epd;W nray;gl;lJ.
Aj;jj;jpw;F vjpuhd jq;fsJ vjph;g;ig gfpuq;fkhf njd;gFjp rpiwr;rhiyfspy; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;j
ntspff ; hl;bdh;. jkpo; murpay; ifjpfs; Fwpj; J tpopg; G ld;
gPjp> re;Njfk; murhz;l Aj;j jPh;T njhlh;e;Jk; nray; g l; l J. rkhjhdj; j pw; f hd Kiwg; g hLfs;
tsh;r;rp fz;Lte;j fhyj;jpy; r%fj;jpy; njhlh; e ; J k; Kd; i tf; f g; g l; l d. Rtnuhl; b fs; >
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l gpugykhd Rkhh; 300 ngz;fspd; njspTgLj;Jk; fUj;juq;Ffs; kw;Wk;
ifnaOj; J f; f Sld; rkhjhd kDnthd; i w fye; J iuahly; f Sk; elj; j g; g l; l d. 1989fspy;
gj;jphpiffSf;F ntspapl;ldh;. mJ gpd;tUkhW tlf;ifg;Nghd;W njw;fpYk; murpay; muh[fk; gutpaJ.
mike;jpUe;jJ................ gaq; f uthj jilr; r l; l j; j pd; f P o ; njd; g Fjp

1990Mk; Mz;L rkhjhdj;ij Ntz;ba jpahdj;ij Muk;gpf;f


Kd; tpfhuk`hNjtp g+q;fhtpy; xd;W$ba ,yq;ifapd;
jha;khUk; Gjy;tpaUk;

nrhy; • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • 2004 25


,isQh;fSk; ifjhfpdh;. fhzhkw;NghFk; epfo;Tfs; fpof;fpypUe;J E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd kf;fs;
mjpfkhfpd. ,t;thW caph;fs; mopf;fg;gLtjw;F ,lk;ngah;e;jdh;. jq;fSila trpg;gplq;fspypUe;J
vjpuhf njd;gFjp jha;khh;fs; xd;Wgl;ldh;. 'vy;yh ,lk;ngah;e;j rpq;fs> jkpo;> K];ypk; kf;fSf;F
ghfq;fspYk; Vw;gLfpd;w nfhiyfis epWj;jTk;" vd;w njw;fpYs;s ngz;fs; mikg;Gf;fs; cjtpff; uk; ePlb
; d.
mwptpj;jiy vy;yh gj;jphpiffspYk; ntspapl;L Aj;jk; rpq;fs> jkpo; kw;Wk; K];ypk;
kf;fSf;F tpepNahfpj;jhh;fs;. ,d kj Ngjq;fis ''vy;iyf;fpuhkq;fis"" cUthf;fpaNghJ kf;fs;
jtph;j;J ngz;fis mzp jpul;b rkhjhdj;ij vjphn
; fhz;l rpff
; y;fis jPhf
; f
; ngz;fs; Kd;te;jdh;.
Ntz;ba midj;J kjtopghL xd;W nfhOk;G Aj;jj;jhYk; murpay; td;KiwfshYk;
tpfhuk`hNjtp g+q;fhtpy; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;lNjhL tpjitfshf;fg;gl;l ngz;fs; kj;jpapYk; ngz;fs;
,e; j mikg; G f; f s; '',yq; i fapd; jha; k hUk; mikg;G mjDila gzpia njhlh;e;jJ.
Gjy;tpaUk;"" vd;w ngahpy; xd;Wgl;ldh;. Aj;jj;jhy; ghypay; yd;Kiwf;Fk; nfhiyf;Fk;
'ehSf;F ehs; mjpfhpf;Fk; muh[fq;fSf;F mshf; f fg; g l; l ngz; f Sf; f hf ,e; j mikg; G
kj;jpapy>; gwpff
; g;gLk; vq;fs; gpsi
; sfs; midthpdJk; epahaj; i j Nfhhp epd; w J. rkhjhdj; j pw; F k;
caphf; Sf;fhf ePjpiaAk; epahaj;ijAk; Nfhhp> ,t;thW [dehafj; j pw; F k; MjuT njhptpf; F k; kf; f s;
nfh^ukhf rhfbf; f g; g Lk; topKiw Kw; w hf ,af;fq;fSf;Fk;> mjpfhuj;ij gutyhf;fk; nra;Ak;
,y;yhnjhopgg; ij ,yl;rpakhff; nfhz;Nl jha;khh;fs; Nahridf;Fk; ngz;fs; mikg;G xj;Jiog;G toq;fpa
vd;w tifapy; mzpjpus Kd;te;Njhk;. tlf;fpy; mNjNtis ,dthj> gphptpidthj FOf;fspd; gpurhu

'rpy;f ];fpwPd;" Kiwapy; ngz;fshy; totikf;fg;gl;L nfhOk;gpd; midj;J


gFjp kjpy;fspYk; xl;lg;gl;l Aj;jj;jpw;F vjpuhd Rtnuhl;bfspy; rpy.

my;yJ njw;fpy;> kiyafj;jpy; my;yJ fiuehl;L eltbf; i ffSf; F k; nraw; g hLfSf; F k; vjpuhf
fpuhkq;fspy;> efh;gFjpfspy; rpq;fsk;> jkpo; my;yJ Fuy;nfhLj;jJ. ,t;thW ngz;fs;
NtW ,dj;jth;fs; vd;w hPjpapy; vk;kj;jpapy; ve;jsT mikg;Gf;fspD}lhf> nraw;ghl;L hPjpapYk; murpay;
NtWghLfs;> gphptpidfs; fhzg;gl;lhYk; jha;Nra; NkilfspYk; > ,dg; g pur; r idapd; gy; N tW
ghrKk; Gj;jpuNrhfKk; jha;khh;fshfpa vq;fSf;F Nfhzq;fSf;F gytpj epiyg;ghLfis njhptpj;J
tpj;jpahrq;fis czh;j;Jtjpy;iy" Aj;jj;jpd; vjph;tpisit re;jpj;j mNjre;jh;g;gj;jpy;
gy;NtW Ntz;LNfhs;fis fUj;jpy; nfhz;L mjw;F epiyahd murpay; jPh;nthd;iw ngWk;
,e;ehl;bd; midj;J ngz;fisAk; xd;WjpuSkhW nraYf;fhf ngz;fs; cj;jpNahfgw;ww;w Kiwapy;
miog;G tpLj;Njhk;. xd;W mzpjpuz;ldh;. mt;thwhd mDgtq;fs; Aj;j
gpur;ridia jPh;f;Fk; nghUl;L xd;W
• Jg;ghf;fp murpaiy epWj;Jtjw;F NrHf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. ngz;fis rkhjhd
• ,d kj rhjp Ngjq;fsw;w rKjhaj;ij Kd;Ndhbfshf fUjpNa murhq;fk; ,t;thz;bd;
cUthf;Ftjw;F kfsphj
; pdj;ij nfhz;lhlTs;sJ. vdpDk; ngz;fs;
• gPjp re;Njfkw;w tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd rkhjhdj; j pd; cz; i kahd Kd; N dhbfshf
#oiy cUthf;f Mf;fg;gLthh;fshdhy; mth;fsJ mDgtq;fs; rkhjhd
mj;NjhL Aj;jk; KbTf;F nfhz;Ltug;gl nraw; g hl; b w; f hf Nrh; j ; J f; n fhs; s g; g Ljy; kpf
Ntz; L nkdTk; typAWj; j p epd; N whk; . rpW mtrpakhdJ. ,jw;fhf thrf ml;ilfSf;F khj;jpuk;
,ilntspapd; gpd;dh; 1990Mk; Mz;by; Aj;jk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;glhj epiyahd murpay; Nehf;F ,Uj;jy;
kPz;Lk; cf;fpukhd epiyapy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L tl- mtrpakhdJ.•
FKjpdp rhKnty;
26 2004 • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
Aj;jj;jpd; Fz;Lr;rj;jk;
vy;yhtw;iwAk;
vLj;Jr;nrd;Wtpll ; J
vq;fs; wk;shd; vq;Nf?
ehd; fhj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;......
vdJ rpW ghjk; gzpe;j
fe;jfhh;
efuk; KOtJk;
mile;jpUf;Fk; rptg;G
epwk;........
tpOe;j ,lj;jpy; jiyrha;ff ;
KbahJ vd;dhy;
Fsphf ; pwJ
tpul;Lk; Nghnjy;yhk; Xl
KbahJ vd;dhy;
,Uf;fpwJ fisg;ghf........
gpwe;j tPlb ; w;Fs;Ns
vd; vjph;fhyj;ij mth;fs;
Mf;fpdhh;fs; fy;yiw............
thdj;jpypUe;J tpOe;j
rpW tpbnts;spay;y ehd;
tiyf;Fs; tpOe;J
gae;J gae;J cyfj;ij
b.Nf. cjhzp [aNrfu
=ghyp gPlk;
ghh;gg
; ij tpl> ed;W ehd;
nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fofk; `pe;J F\; kiyapy;
Gifg;glk; kuzpj;jpUe;jhy;..........
Asia week rQ;rpif

nrhy; • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • 2004 27


fhzhky;Nghjy;fs;
gw;wa
p rh;tNjr
kdpj cupikfs;
rkthaq;fs;
(',yq;ifapy; fhzhky;Nghjy;fSk;> jw;NghJs;s rl;;luPjpahd
khw;WtopfSk;" vDk; gpupajh;~pdp la]pd; E}ypypUe;J vLj;jhsg;gl;lJ)

fh zhky;Nghjy;fspd; gy;NtW Nfhzq;fs; gw;wp


,e;jf; fl;Liu myrp Muha;fpdw; J. ,q;F
fhzhky;Nghjypd; jd;ikgw;wp Kjypy; Muhag;gLk;.
nfhs;Nthkhapd>; Z vDk; khw;Wtop cs;sJ. vdpDk;>
'fhzhky;Nghjy;" vd;w tiuaiwf;Fs; cs;stiu
vt;tpj khw;WtopAk; fpl;l KbahJ. mth; vijAk;
gpd;dh;> mjDld; njhlh;Ggl;l rh;tNjr rkthaq;fs; mwpahjth;. vtnuhUtuhYk; mwpag;glhjth;. Mifahy;>
gw; w pAk; > fhzhky; N ghd egh; > mtuJ gpupthy; mth; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xU egh; md;W.
JaUf;Fs;shNdhh; njhlh;gpy; mj;jifa rkthaq;fs;
jkJ tpUg;gj;Jf;F khwhf Ml;fs; fhzhky;
kPwg;gLk; tpjk; gw;wpAk; tpgupff
; g;gLk;. ' fhzhky;Nghjy;
NghjYld; njhlh; g hd Kf; f pa ,ay; G ,e; j g;
vd; w hy; vd; d ?"" vd; g jw; f hd nghUs; N fhly; >
nghUs;Nfhlypy; ,Ue;J njspthfpd;wJ.
fhzhky; N ghjy; f is epth; j ; j pg; g jw; F mit
cz;ikepiyia Muha;tjw;F ,e;jg; gpuNahfk; xU
NghJkhditahf ,y;iy vd;gJ Nghd;w tplaq;fs;
jilahf mike;Js;sJ. cz;ikapy;> mJ-me;j
gpd; d h; fye; J iuahlg; g Lk; . ,Wjpahf> ,e; j f;
thrfj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthNw-gpioahd
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nghUs;Nfhlypd; %yk; cz;ikepiyia
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kiwg; g jhFk; . mJ> kdpjh; f isg; gP j pahy;
Fw;Wapuhf;Ftjw;Fg; gpuNahfpff; g;gLk; nghwpKiwahFk;.
fhzhky;Nghd egh; vd;gth; ahh;? Vnddpy>; tho;T my;yJ kuzk; ahNjDNkhh; ,lj;jpy;
,y; i yahapd; > Xh; Vw; G my; y J kWg; G k;
'fhzhky;Nghjy;' vd;w gjg;gpuNahfk; gy;NtW
,Uf;fKbahJ. mJ> ntWikahd epiyiag;
nghUs;fspy; toq;fg;gLtJld;> mJ fhurhukhd
giwrhw;WtJ khj;jpuNk.
tpthjj;Jf;Fk; cl;gl;Ls;sJ. M[d;updh ,uhZt
cj;jpNahfj;jh;fshy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s
nghUs;Nfhly; ekJ Mtiyj; J}z;Lfpd;wJ: fhzhky;Nghd xU egh; ,oe;JtpLk;
mjhtJ> 'fhzhky; N ghd egh; vd; g th; ahh; ? ' cupikfs;
nrhy;yhh;jj; j;jpNyNa mth; mwpag;glhj xU egh; Mthh;.
mth; kPz;Lk; Njhd;Wthuhapd;> mth; njhlh;gpy; X fhzhky;Nghjypd; tpisthdJ> kdpjcupikfs;
vDk; khw;Wtop cs;sJ. 'fhzhky;Nghjy;" vd;gij gy;NtW Nfhzq;fspy; kPwg;gLtjhFk;. gyte;jkhd
mtuJ kuzk; ,lk; n gw; W s; s jhf nghUs; fhzhky; N ghjy; f spypUe; J rfy Ml; f isAk;

28 2004 • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;


ghJfhg;gJ gw;wpa If;fpa ehLfs; gpufldj;jpd; Kfg;G cl; g Lfpd; w d. jkJ FLk; g cWg; g pdh; f s;
thrfj; j py; ,t; t hW Fwpg; g plg; g Lfpd; w J: fhzhky;NghFk; gpur;rpidf;F Kfk;nfhLg;gJld;>
''kdpjcupikfs; kw;Wk; mbg;gilr; Rje;jpuq;fs;> me;jr; Rikiag; ngz;fs; jhq;fpf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
rl;lthl;rp> kjpgg; spjj; y; Mfpad njhlh;gpy; ve;jnthU
NkYk;> fhzhky;Nghjy; vd;gJ me;jf; FLk;gq;fspd;
r%fj;Jf;Fk; cs;s tpOkpaq;fs;> gyte;jkhd
cWg;gpdh;fSf;F ,k;ir ,iog;gjhFk; vd;gij
fhzhky;Nghjy;fs; %yk; jLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk;>
kdpj cupikfs; rl;lk; ,d;W Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wJ.
mjidg; gbKiwahfg; gpuNahfpgg; J kdpjFyj;Jf;F
fhzhky; Nghdth;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fis mwptpgg; ij
vjpuhd xU Fw;wr;nrayhFk;"".
murhq;fq;fs; Gwf;fzpgg; jhy;> FLk;gj;jpd; md;Gf;Fupa
fhzhky;Nghjy; khdpl nfsutj;Jf;F vjpuhf Ml;fs; gw;wpa eprr; akw;w jd;ikahYk;> gr;rhjhgj;jhYk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; xU Fw;wr;nray; vd;gijAk; mf;FLk;gj;jpd; Vida cWg;gpdh;fs; njhluhf
nrhy;yg;gl;l gpufldk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wJ. mJ> mtw;iw mDgtpf;Fk; mePjpf;F cs;shfpd;wdh;.
If; f pa ehLfs; gl; l aj; j pd; Fwpf; N fhs; f Sld; mth;fspd; rhh;jJ
; jy;fs; cupathW mwpfi ; faplg;gl;L>
Kuz;gLtJ NghyNt> If;fpa ehLfspd; tprhuizfs; elhj;jg;gLtjw;fhd cupikiaAk;
kdpjcupikfs; gpufldj; i jAk; > mjw; f hf mth;fs; ,oe;JtpLfpd;wdh;.
epiwNtw; w g; g l; L s; s rkthaq; f spd; %yk;
cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk; mbg;gilr; Rje;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; 'fhzhky; N ghjy; " vd; g jw; f hd
kdpjcupikfisg; ghuJ}ukhd KiwapYk; >
td; i kahfTk; kP W k; nrayhFk; . gyte; j khd tiutpyf;fzk;
fhzhky;Nghjy;fspd; %yk; nrhy;yg;gl;l Ms;
rl;lj;jpd; ghJfhg;gpypUe;J tpyf;fp itf;fg;gl;l gyte;jkhd fhzhky;Nghjy;fspypUe;J rfy
MnshUtuhff; fUjg;gLtjdhy;> ,d;wpaikahj Ml;fisAk; ghJfhj;jy; gw;wpa (tiuT) rkthaj;jpy;
mbg;gilg; ghJfhg;Gf;fisf;$l mth; fhzhky;Nghjy; vd;why; vd;d? vd;gJ gpd;tUkhW
,oe;JtpLtjhfg; gpufldk; njuptpf;fpd;wJ. tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ :-

fhzhky;Nghjy; gw;wpa xU rk;gtj;jpd;NghJ gyte;jkhd fhzhky;Nghjy; vd;gjd; %yk;>


rptpy; kw;Wk; murpay; cupikfSf;fhd rh;tNjr mth;fspd; tpUg;gj;Jf;F khwhf ifJnra;ag;gLjy;>
cld;ghl;bd; gy;NtW thrfq;fSk; kPwg;gLfpd;wd. jLg;gpy; itj;jpUj;jy; my;yJ flj;jpr; nry;yg;gLjy;
mtw;Ws;> tho;tjw;fhd cupik> ,k;irj;jil> czh;j;jg;gLfpd;wJ. md;Nwy;> mJ gpwpnjhU
Rje;jpuj;Jf;Fk; ghJfhg;Gf;Fk; cs;s cupik> jLg;gpy; tifapy; Rje;jpuk; gwpf;fg;gl;l xU epiyahFk;.
itj;jpUf;fg;gLgth;fSf;Ff; fpilf;f Ntz;ba murhq;fj;jpd; gy;NtW kl;lq;fisr; Nrh;ej ; > gy;NtW
kdpjj;jd;ikAldhd ftdpgG; k; nfsutKk;> epahakhd Jiwfisr; rhh;e;j cj;jpNahj;jh;fshNyNa mJ
tof;Fj; jPh;g;G xd;iwg; ngWtjw;fhd cupik> Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpdw; J. mj;Jld;> mth;fSf;F vd;d
rkkhff; fUjg;gLtjw;Fk;> rkkhd ghJfhg;Gf;Fk; Neh;e;jJ> mth;fs; vq;F cs;shh;fs; vd;gij
rl;lj;jhy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk; cupikfs; Mfpad ntspgg; Lj;JtJk; kWjypff ; g;gLfpdw; J. mNjNghy>
kPwg;gLfpd;wd. ngz;fs; fhzhky;Nghjy;fSf;F mth;fsJ Rje;jpuk; gwpff ; g;gl;Ls;sJ vd;w cz;ik
cl;gLk;NghJ> mth;fs; rpwg;ghd ,ilA+Wfs; kw;Wk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLtjpyi ; y. ,jd; fhuzkhf> mth;fs;
Jd;GWj;jy;fSf;F ,iuahfpd;wdh;. ghypay; kw;Wk; rl;lj;jpd; ghJfhg;gpy; ,Ue;J tpyf;fp itf;fg;gl;l
Vida gy;NtW ,k;irfSf;Fk;> gPjpfF ; k; ghjpgG; f;Fk;> epiyia va;jNtz;b NeupLfpd;wJ.
gopthq;fYf;Fk; mth;fs; cl;gLfpd;wdh;. gyte;jk; md;Nwy; tpUg;gj;Jf;F khwhf Ml;fs;
fhzhky;Nghjy;fs; gw;wpa If;fpa ehLfspd; nraw;ghl;Lr;
fhzhky;NghNdhupd; FLk;gj;jth; rig ,jw; n fhU gbNky; nrd; W ,t; t hW
njuptpff; pdw; J :- ' nghWg;Gf;$w Ntz;bath;fs; vd;w
,of;Fk; cupikfs; tifapy; murhq;fj;jpd; gy;NtW cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSk;
khj;jpukd;wp> mth;fs; rhh;ghf nrayhw;Wk; mikg;ghh;ej;
fhzhky;Nghjypd; fhuzkhf> nghJthf FLk;g
FOf;fSk;> Ml;fSk; cs;slq;f Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhf>
tho;fi
; f ,y;yhky; nry;tJld;> nghUshjhu> r%f>
mth;fSf;F NeubahfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth
fyhrhu cupikfs; gw;wpa rh;tNjr cld;ghl;bd;
murhq;fj;jpd; tpUg;G my;yJ tha;g;G fpilf;fg;
gy;NtW thrfq;fSk; mjd;%yk; ,of;fg;gLfpd;wd.
ngw;wpUf;fyhk;2.
fhzhky;Nghjy; rk;gtj;Jld; me;jf; FLk;gq;fs;
ghuJ}ukhd nghUshjhu neUf;fbfSf;F

nrhy; • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • 2004 29


gyte;jkhf Ml;fs; nghJthf fhzhky;NghFk;
fhzhky;Nghjy; gw;wpa ,ilepiy Ml;fspypUe;J khWgLk;>
- mnkupf;f rkthaj;jpd; 11 Mk; ,yq;ifapy; tpUg;gj;Jf;F khwhf
thrfj;jpy; ,t;thW fhzhky;Nghjy;fs; fhzhky;Nghjy; gw;wpa nghUSld;>
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ :- njhlh;gpy;> jw;NghJ rLjpahfTk; gyte; j khfTk;
fhzhky;Nghjy;> murpay; rhh;ghd
''......MnshUtupd; my; y J fhzg;gLk; Fw;wj;jpypUe;J fhzhky;Nghjy;> nghUshjhu> r%f
Ml;fspd; Rje;jpuk; ahNjDnkhU tpLgLtjw;fhd #oy;kPjhd kw; W k; fyhrhu cupikfis
tifapYk; gwpf; f g; ; g LtjhFk; . xU Jizf; fhuzpahf kPWfpd;w fUj;jpl;lq;fSk; kf;fs;
me;jr; nray;> murhq;fg;
gpujpepjpfshNyh my;yJ mth;fshy; miktJ ahnjdpy;> tpNuhj tsh;r;rpg;Nghf;fpy; vjph;g;Gj;
fhzhky;NghjYld; Njhd;Wjy; vd;gdTk;
jj;Jtk; mspf;fg;gLtjhy;> cjtp
cs;slf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
mspf;fg;gLtjhy; my;yJ njhlh;ghd tplak; tpNrl
xUg;ghl;Lld; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ljhf tif rhh;e;j xU Fw;wkhf rh;tNjr (vk;e];up)
,Uf;fyhk;. mjd;gpd;dh;> Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg; glhikahFk;. kd;dpg;Gr;rig> fhzhky;Nghjy;
nrhy; y g; g l; l Ml; f s; gw; w pa vd;gij ,t;thW
jfty; f s; fpilf; f hikahy; > mjw;Fg; gjpyhf> jz;lidr; tiutpyf; f zg; g Lj; J fpd; w J:-
rl;lj;jpdhy; Fwpj;j Ms; rl;lf;Nfhitapd; fPo; NtW ''murhq;fg; gpujpepjpfshy;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba gupfhuq;fs; Fw;wq;fs; njhlh;gpy; ifJnra;ag;gl;L> mth;fSf;F
fpl;lhikAk;> eltbf;if Fw;wg;nghWg;Gr; Rkj;jg;gLtJ vd;d Neh;e;jJ> vq;F jLj;J
Kiwrhh; e ; j cWjpg; g Lj; j y; f s; Nghd;Nw fhzhky;Nghjy;fs; itf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;fs; vd;w tplak;
,y;yhky; nry;tJk; ,lk;ngWk;" . kiwf;fg;gLtJk;> ifJ
njhlh;gpYk; tof;Fj; nra;ag;gl;likia kWjypg;gJk;
''gyte;jkhf my;yJ njhlUkhW tof;Fj; MFk;" 4.
tpUg;gj;Jf;F khwhf Ml;fs;
njhlUeh;fs;
fhzhky;Nghjy;fs; gw;wpa ,yj; j pd; mnkupf; f htpd;
jz;lid mspg;gjw;fhd rl;lk;"" tw;GWj;jg;gLfpd;wdh;. cwtpdh;fspd; rk;Nksdk;
vd; w iof; f g; g Lk; gpypg; i gd; ] ; fhzhky;Nghjypd; gy;NtWgl;l (FEDEFAM) cwtpdh;fspd;
rl; l khdJ> fhzhky; N ghjy; Nfhzq;fs; Fwpj;Jk; kdpjcupikfs; kPwg;gLk; xU
vd;gij ,t;thW tiuaWj;Jf; Nehf;Ftjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; nrayhf mjid
$Wfpdw; J:- gyte;jkhf my;yJ tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;JkhW
jz;lidr; rl;lf; Nfhitapy;
tpUg;gj;Jf;F khwhf Ml;fs; Kd;nkhopfpd;wJ:- vdpd;>
fhzhky;Nghjy; vd;w gpuNahfk; cs;slf;fg;gltpy;iy. 'murhq;fg; gpujpepjpfs; my;yJ
,e;jg; nghUspNyNa nrhy;yg;gl;l MfNt> ,Jtplak; njhlh;gpy; Ml;fshy; ahNjDnkhU tplak;
rl;lj;jpy;3 Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. tof;Fj; njhlUtJ ,iof;fg;glhj Fw;wj;jpd;NghJ
mjhtJ> MnshUtiu jkJ rpukkhdJ. fhzhky;Nghjy; ,lk;ngWfpdw; J.
tpUg;gj;Jf;F khwhff; mjpy;> murhq;fj;jpd; tpUg;gk;
ifJnra;jy;> jLj;J itj;jy;> my;yJ Fw;wj;Jf;Fl;gLk; jd;ik
flj;jpr; nry;yy; my;yJ mtuJ fhzg; g lyhk; . NkYk; > mJ
Rje; j puk; gpwpnjhU tifapy; mt;thW nra;tjd; %yk; mbg; g il kdpj cupikfis
,y; y hky; nra; a g; g LtjhFk; . Fiwe;jgl;rk; 48 kzpNeukhtJ ,y;yhky; nra;tjw;fhd mr;RWj;jy;
murhq;f cj;jpNahfj;jh;fs;> gy;NtW fhzhky;Ngha;> mth;fs; gw;wpa my;yJ jilnra;jYf;fhdjhfTk;
murhq;fj; njhopyf ; isg; Gupgth;fs;> vt;tpjj; jfty;fSk; ,Uf;fyhk;. mq;F> Fwpj;j Ms;>
mikg;ghh;e;j FOf;fs; my;yJ fpilf;fg;ngwhikAk;> mth;fspd; my;yJ mtuJ cwtpdh;fSf;F
Ml;fs; mt;thW nraw;glyhk;. Rje;jpuk; gwpf;fg;gl;lij CWtpistpgg; jw;fhd cs;Nehf;Fk;
mth;fs;> me;j cj;jpNahfj;jh;fspd; Vw;Wf;nfhs;shikAk; fhuzkhf> fhzg; g Lfpd; w J. mj; J ld; >
my;yJ NtW Ml;fspd; Neubahd mth;fs; rl;lj;jpd; me;jr; nraypy; murhq;f
my;yJ kiwKfkhd ghJfhg;gpypUe;J tpyf;fp cj;jpNahfj;jh;fs; rk;ge;jg;gl-
cjtpAlDk; > tpUg; g j; J lDk; itf;fg;gl;l Ml;fshf khWtjhy; tpy;iy vd;gij czh;j;Jt-
nraw; g Lgth; f shf ,Uf; f yhk; . fhzhky;Nghjy; ,lk;ngWfpdw; J. Jld;> fhzhky;Nghjy;fSf;Ff;

30 2004 • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;


fhuzkhf ,Ue;jth;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fs; %b 1. Fw;wthsp>
kiwf;fg;gLfpdw; d".
m. MnshUth; my;yJ Ml;fisf;
Nkw;$wpa ,U tiutpyf;fzq;fspYk; murhq;f ifJnra;jy;> jLj;Jitj;jy;> flj;jpr;
cj; j pNahfj; j h; f spd; njhlh; G gw; w pa tplaNk nry;yy; ,lk;ngw;wpUj;jy; my;yJ>
Kf;fpakhff; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. fhzhky;Nghjypy;
M. ifJnra;jy;> jLj;Jitj;jy;> flj;jprn; ry;yy;
NeubahfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth me;j
Mfpad Fwpj;j rhh;j;Jjy;fis
cj; j pNahfj; j h; f spd; gq; f spg; G fhzg; g lyhk; .
kWj;Jiuj;jy;> my;yJ nrhy;yg;gl;l Ms;
,uhZtj;jpdh;> gilf;fye;jhq;fpa Nritapdh;> nghyprhh;
my;yJ Ml;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fis
MfpNahUf; F MnshUtupd; fhzhky; N ghjy;
toq;Ftij kWj;Jiuj;jy;.
rk; g tj; J ld; njhlh; g hf ,ufrpakhf Miz
gpwg; g pf; f g; g Lk; N ghJ> NeubahfNt nghWg; G 2. m. nrhy;yg;gl;l ifJnra;jy;> jLj;Jitj;jy;>
tfpf;fpd;wdh;. kiwKfkhf nghWg;G tfpg;gnjdpy;> flj;jpr;nry;yy; Mfpatw;Wld; my;yJ
mJ mth;fspd; Miznahd;W gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;ljd; mjidaLj;J> nrhy;yg;gl;l Ms; my;yJ
fhuzkhf ,lk;ngw;wjhf ,y;yhky; ,Uf;fyhk;. Ml;fspd; Rje;jpuk; gwpff; g;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij
vdpDk;> Vidath;fs; mt;thW nrayhw;Wk;NghJ> Vw;Wf;nfhs;tij kWj;Jiuj;jy; my;yJ
mth;fs; gfpuq;fkhfNt mjw;F ,lkspj;jpUg;gpd;> mth;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fis toq;Ftij
nghWg;G tfpg;gh;. ,t;tpU re;jh;g;gq;fspYk; ,e;j kWj;Jiuj;jy;> my;yJ
tplak; njhlh;gpy; jkf;Fs;s njhlh;ig murhq;f
M. Rje;jpuk; gwpf;fg;gl Kd;dh; my;yJ
cj; j pNahfj; j h; f s; kWj; J iug; g h; . vg; n ghOJk;
mjDld; ,ize;jjhf nrhy;yg;gl;l
nksdj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhy; kiwe;jpUf;Fk;
kWj;Jiug;G ,lk;ngw;wpUj;jy;.
murhq;f cj;jpNahfj;jh;fs; jfty;fis
toq;Ftjpy;iy; tprhuizfspd;NghJ 3. Fw;wthsp gpdt
; Uk; tplaq;fis mwpej; epiyapy;
xj;Jiog;gjpy;iy5. ,Uj;jy;:
m. mj;jifa ifJnra;jy;> jLj;Jitj;jy;>
rh;tNjr Fw;wtpay; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; flj;jpr;nry;yy; xd;wpd; gpd;dh; nghJthd
tiutpyf;fzk; epfo;nthd;whf> nrhy;yg;gl;l Ms; my;yJ
Ml;fspd; Rje;jpuk; gwpf;fg;gl;likia
rh; t Njr Fw; w tpay; eP j pkd; w k; xd; i w Vw;Wf;nfhs;shikAk;> mth;fs; gw;wpa
epWTtjw;fhd Nuhk; rl;lj;jpy;> gyte;jkhf Ml;fs; jfty;fs; toq;Ftij kWj;Jiug;gJk;.
fhzhky; N ghjy; f s; > kdpjFyj; J f; F vjpuhd M. mj;jifa kWj;Jiug;nghd;W> Rje;jpuk;
Fw; w nkhd; w hfNt Fwpg; g plg; g Lfpd; w J 6. me; j gwpf;fg;gLtJld; ,ize;jjhfNth
tiutpyf;fzk; tUkhW:- my;yJ mjw;F Kd;dNuh ,lk;ngWfpdw; J
''rl; l j; j pd; ghJfhg; g pypUe; J eP z ; l xU vd;gJ.
fhyj;Jf;F tpyf;fpitf;Fk; cs;Nehf;fj;Jld;> 4. murhq;fk; my;yJ murpay; mikg;ghz;ik-
mth;fspd; Rje;jpuk; gwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij nahd; w pdhy; > mj; j ifa ifJnra; j y; >
Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj epiyapy>; mth;fs; epiyik> jLj;J jLj;Jitj;jy;> flj;jpr;nry;yy; xd;W ,lk;
itf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,lq;fs; Nghd;w jfty;fis toq;f ngw;wpUj;jy; my;yJ mjw;F mjpfhuk; mspjj
; y;>
kWf;Fk; murhq;f my;yJ murpay; mikg;ghz;ik cjTjy; my;yJ xUg;ghl;Lld; mt;thW
xd;wpdhy; my;yJ mjd; mjpfhuk;> tpUg;gk;> mwpe;j nrayhw;wpapUj;jy;.
epiy Mfpatw;Wld; Ml;fisf; ifJnra;jy;>
jLj;Jitj;jy; my;yJ flj;jpr;nry;yy;"". m. Rje;jpuk; gwpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gjw;Fk;>
nrhy;yg;gl;l Ms; my;yJ Ml;fs;
fhzhky;Nghjy; KOik mile;Js;sjh? vd kiwj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,lq;fs; gw;wpa
eP j pkd; w k; xd; w pdhy; tprhupf; f g; g Ltjw; f hd jfty;fis toq;Ftij kWj;Jiuf;Fk;
mbg;gilfs; tUkhW7 :- nray;> murhq;f my;yJ murpay;

nrhy; • Kjyhk; fhyhz;L • 2004 31


mikg;ghz;iknahd;wpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; 'ifJnra;jy;> jLj;Jitj;jy;> flj;jpr;nry;yy;
my;yJ mjw;fhd mjpfhuk; mspjj; y; my;yJ my;yJ gpwpnjhU tifapy; mth;fsJ Rje;jpuj;ijg;
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_________________________
jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; Fw;wj;jpypUe;J tpLgLtjw;fhd
#oy;kPjhd xU Jizf; fhuzpahf miktJ FOOTNOTES
ahnjdpy;> fhzhky;NghjYld; njhlh;ghd tplak; 1 Proclaimed by the General Assembly in its resolution
tpNrl tif rhh;e;j xU Fw;wkhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg; 47/133 of 18th December 1992
glhikahFk; . mjw; F g; gjpyhf> jz; l idr; 2 United Nations Working Group on Enforced or
rl;lf;Nfhitapd; fPo; NtW Fw;wq;fs; njhlh;gpy; Involuntry Disappeareces, Press Release HR/4411, New
Fw;wg;nghWg;Gr; Rkj;jg;gLtJ Nghd;Nw York, NY 13th May, 1999. http://www.un.org/News/
fhzhky;Nghjy;fs; njhlh;gpYk; tof;Fj; njhlUkhW Press/docs/1999/19990513.HR4411.htm. [Accessed]
tof; F j; njhlUeh; f s; tw; G Wj; j g; g Lfpd; w dh; . 3 House of Representatices, Republic of the Phillipines,
fhzhky;Nghjypd; gy;NtWgl;l Nfhzq;fs; FwpjJ ; k; Quezon City, House Bill No.2282 - Approved
Nehf; F tjw; f hd Vw; g hLfs; jz; l idr; rl; l f; 4 Amnesty International, 14 point program for the
Nfhitapy; cs;slf;fg;gltpyi ; y. MfNt> ,Jtplak; Prevention of "disappearences"
njhlh; g py; tof; F j; njhlUtJ rpukkhdJ. 5 Dissapearences - http://home.planet.nl/~loz/
fhzhky;Nghjiy jdpNtwhd xU Fw;wkhff; fUjp maneng11.htm(visited on 24/203)
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6 It should be noted that thus in order to complain to the
NfhUfpdw; J. mjd;%yk;. vjphf ; hyj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gl;l ICC with regard to an enforced disappeaernce, first, the
Fw;wj;ij ,iog;NghUf;Fj; jhf;fKs;s xU nra;jp conditions that constitute a crime against humanity must
fplL; k;. be met. This means that the disappearence must be
"Committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack
Nkw;Nghe;j tplak; njhlh;gpy; 'gyte;jkhdJk;> directed against any civilian population, with knowledge
tpUg;gj;Jf;F khwhdJkhd fhzhky;Nghjy;" gw;wpa of the attack"
tiutpyf;fznkhd;iwg; gpd;tUkhW 7. The Report of the Preparatory Commission for the
Kd;nkhopfpdN; whk;:- International Criminal Court (Addendum, Part II)
ngz;zpd; kfj;Jtk;

ISSN 1391-958X

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\he;j FkhH Shantha Kumar
nrapZH hpgh Zeinoor Rifa

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