CEDE Student Lecture 2

Seminar and Workshop Entitled

PC Assembly,
Troubleshooting &
Networking
 Part I
Introduction
 Parts of Computer

► Motherboard
► CPU
► Memory
► Video Card
► Power Supply
► Hard Disk
► CD/DVD Rom Drive
► IDE Cable
 Motherboard

- A motherboard is the central or

primary circuit board making up a
complex electronic system, such as a
modern computer. It is also known
as a main board, baseboard, system
board
Motherboard Design
 Microprocessor
►Amicroprocessor -- also known as a
CPU or central processing unit -- is a
complete computation engine that is
fabricated on a single chip.
Microprocessor Design
 Memory
►Memory- is technically any form of
electronic storage, it is used most often
to identify fast, temporary forms of
storage
 Video Card
►A video card, (also referred to as a
graphics accelerator card, display
adapter, graphics card, and numerous
other terms), is an item of
personal computer hardware whose function
is to generate and output images to a
display.
Video Card Design
 Power Supply
►In a personal computer (PC), the
power supply is the metal box usually
found in a corner of the case. The
power supply is visible from the back of
many systems because it contains the
power-cord receptacle and the cooling
fan.
Power Supply Design
 Hard Disk
►Hard Disk Drive (HDD), commonly
referred to as a hard drive, hard
disk or fixed disk drive, is a non-
volatile storage device which stores
digitally encoded data on rapidly
rotating platters with magnetic
surfaces.
Hard Disk Design
 CD ROM
►CD-ROM (an abbreviation of
"Compact Disc read-only memory") is a
Compact Disc that contains data
accessible by a computer.
CD ROM Design
 IDE Cable
► Thiscable will work fine in two-drive
configurations, but there is a drawback: it's
suboptimal for one-drive installations. These
high-speed disk cables really should always
have a drive on the physical far end of the
cable to reduce noise on the bus, but this
cable puts the single drive in the middle
IDE Cable Design
SATA Cable Design
 Part II

►PC ASSEMBLY
 Processor Physical Installation
Procedure
► Determine Socket Type
► Orient Processor To Socket
► Open ZIF Socket
► Insert Processor Into Socket
► Check That Chip Is Inserted Fully
► Close ZIF Socket
Heat sink Installation Procedure
► Attach Fan to Heat Sink
► Apply Heat Sink Compound
► Attach Heat Sink
 Memory Physical Installation
Procedure
► 1. Identify Installation Socket
► 2. Orient Module
► 3. Insert Module
► 4. Lock Module Into Place
► 5. Double-Check Installation
► 6. Repeat If Necessary: Steps 2 to 5
Installing a Desktop PC Motherboard
► 1. The first step will be to open the case up
2. Optional) Remove the Motherboard Tray
3. Replace the ATX Connector
Plate
4. Determine Motherboard
Mounting Location
5. Install the Motherboard
Standoffs
6. Fasten the Motherboard
7. Attach ATX Control Wires
8. Connect the ATX Power
Connector
9. (Optional) Replace the
Motherboard Tray
10. Install Any Port Headers
 PART III

►OPERATING SYSTEM
INSTALLATION
OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION
PROCEDURE
► Turn on the power of your computer
► Press delete/F2 to enter the CMOS Setup
► Setup the Boot Priority (1st Boot – CD, 2nd Boot
HDD)
► Press Esc.
► Press F10 (To save setup)
► Insert the Start-up Disk (Windows XP) to CD Rom
Drive.
► The Computer Ask Boot CD.., then Press Enter.
OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION
PROCEDURE
► Press F8 to Agree
► Press Enter to Continue Install Win XP
► Press “C” to Create Partition.
► Press Enter to Continue Install Win XP
► Select Format Using NTFS
► Type the CD Key of Windows XP.
► Continue Install by clicking next..
 Part IV

PC
TROUBLESHOOTING
 Troubleshooting Tips
 (1) Trial-and-error
 (2) "It's the cable, s-----.“
 (3) Don't be frustrated!
 (4) Take notes!
 (5) Take a look?
 Troubleshooting Tips for New
Monitors
1. The picture does not appear
2. The Screen is not synchronized
3. The position of the screen is not in
the center
4. The screen is too bright or too dark
5. The screen is shaking
Troubleshooting Tips for a New
Motherboard
► System has no power at all. Power
light does not illuminate, fan inside the
power supply does not turn on, and
indicator light on keyboard does not
turn on.
► System inoperative. Keyboard lights
are on, power indicator lights are lit,
and hard drive is spinning.
 Troubleshooting Tips for a New
Motherboard
► System does not boot from hard disk drive,
can be booted from floppy disk drive.
► System only boots from Floppy Disk. Hard
Disk can be read and applications can be
used, but booting from Hard Disk is
impossible.
► After install an expansion card (network
card, tape drive card, etc.) the system no
longer works properly.
Troubleshooting Tips for a New
Motherboard
► Screen message says "Invalid
Configuration" or "CMOS Failure."
► Screen is blank.
► System does not boot from hard disk
drive, can be booted from floppy disk
drive.
► Problem
Troubleshooting Tips for a New
Motherboard
► Screen goes blank periodically.
► Keyboard failure
► No color on screen.
► Floppy drive lights stays on.
► Error reading drive A:
► C: drive failure.
► Cannot boot system after installing
second hard drive.
Troubleshooting Tips for a New
Motherboard
► Missing operating system on hard
drive.
► Certain keys do not function.
► Keyboard is locked, no keys function.
 Trouble Shooting Tips after
Installing a New Video Card
► Check that the card is seated properly in its
expansion slot.
► Ensure the display cable is securely fastened to
the card's display connector.
► Make sure that the display and computer are
plugged in and receiving power
► If necessary, disable any built-in graphics
capabilities on your motherboard.
► Make sure you selected the appropriate display
device and graphics card when you installed
your enhanced driver.
Basic Troubleshooting Tips after
Installing a New Hard Drive
► Verify compatibility
► Check all cards
► Check all connectors and cables
► Verify jumper settings
► Check your power-supply specifications
► Verify the drive-type settings in the system
setup program
► Check for viruses
 Additional Tips for HDD
After you install your new drive, your
computer will not boot, and no error message
appears on the screen.
The screen remains blank when you power
up the system.
The system does not recognize the drive.
 The dealer partitioned and formatted the
drive for you in the store, but the drive does
not respond when you install it.
 Additional Tips for HDD
 The system hangs in FDISK or fails to create or save the
partition record.
 The system error message, "Drive not Ready," appears.
 The FDISK error message, "No Fixed Disk Present,"
appears.
 The drive does not format to full capacity.
 The DOS message "Disk Boot Failure," "Non-System
Disk" or "No ROM Basic - SYSTEM HALTED" appears.
 The system error message, "HDD controller failure"
appears.
Basic Troubleshooting Tips after
Installing a New Memory

1. No Display, 3 short beep

2. computer always hang during
the boot process
3. The installation setup interrupt
 PART V

►PC MAINTENANCE
 PC Maintenance
 you use your computer more than a few hours per
day, we suggest you not to turn off your computer at
the end of the day. Instead turn off only the monitor
to save electricity. Daily power up and down makes
the components exposed to high and low temperature
cycles that are not good for the life-time of the
components, particularly the critical ones such as hard
drives, CPU, and memory. The temperature cycle
would result in expansion-shrinking cycle for the
components. The life-time of electronic components
would be increased if they are run at constant
temperature with adequate ventilation.
 PC Maintenance
 If your area experiences a few times of
power outage per year, it is necessary to
use a UPS. Sudden power downs while the
system is running may cause severe
damage to hard drives.
 A tape backup and a lock to make systems
hard to move are worthy investment for
critical data.
 PC Maintenance
 Use your hand to touch and feel the cover
of your computer at least once a week. The
cover should be at room temperature. If it
feels warm there may be a problem! Check
to make sure that the cooling fans on the
power supply and CPU are working properly.
Clean the air pathway on the back of the
power supply on a regular basis.
 PART VI

►Computer Networking
 TOOLS IN NETWORKING
► RJ-45
► Twisted pair cable
► Crimp tool
► Ethernet hub
► router
► Network Adapter Card (NIC)
 RJ 45
► Eight-conductor data cable contains 4 pairs
of wires. Each pair consists of a solid (or
predominantly) colored wire and a white
wire with a stripe of the same color.
 Twisted Pair Cable
► Twisted pair cabling is a form of wiring in
which two conductors are wound together
for the purposes of canceling out
electromagnetic interference (EMI) from
external sources, electromagnetic radiation
from the UTP cable, and crosstalk between
neighboring pairs.
 Crimp Tool
► crimpsRJ45 modular plugs. Simply place
the plug with the cable in the crimp tool and
squeeze the grips together, thus causing the
plug to bite into the cable.
 Ethernet Hub
► An Ethernet hub or concentrator is a
device for connecting multiple twisted pair
or fiber optic Ethernet devices together,
making them act as a single segment.
 Router
►A router is a device that determines the
proper path for data to travel between
different networks, and forwards data
packets to the next device along this
path.They connect networks together; a
LAN to a WAN for example, to access the
Internet.
Router
Router Connection
 Wiring Diagrams for Straight
Through, Cross Over and Y cables
 Straight Through
Straight Through Cable Color Code

Pin 1  white orange

Pin 2 orange
Pin 3 white green
Pin 4 blue
Pin 5 white blue
Pin 6 green
Pin 7 white brown
Pin 8 brown
 Cross Over
Cross Over Cable Color Code
Pin 1  white green
Pin 2 green
Pin 3 white orange
Pin 4 blue
Pin 5 white blue
Pin 6 orange
Pin 7 white brown
Pin 8 brown
 Y cables
white orange
Pin 1 
Pin 2
orange
Pin 3
white green
Pin 6
green

Pin 1 blue
Pin 2 white blue
Pin 3 white brown
Pin 6 brown
 Connecting 2 Computers using LAN
► Connectthe cable to the LAN Card and the
other end to Ethernet Hub.
Click the control panel
Click Network Connection
Click the Local Area Connection
Click the Properties of LAN
Click the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
 Type the IP Address
► Class A Network Address 1-126
► Class B Network Address 128-191
► Class C Network Address 192-254
► Spare Address 127
 Select Use the ff. IP address
& Type the Specified IP Address, then click
OK.
 For the Other Computer type the IP Address
with the same class, then change only the last
number of the Address.
► Example
► PC1 192.168.0.1
► PC2 192.168.0.2
► PC3 192.168.0.3
► And so on…
Sharing your Internet to other PC
► Use 2 LAN Card to your server.
► The internet is connected to the server in
the LAN card1 and the Lan card #2 is
connected to hub/switch.
Procedure in Sharing your internet to
other workstation (PC)
► Click the control panel
► Click Network Wizard
Click Next
Click Next
Select the first choice, then Next
Select the Local Area connection where the
internet is connected, then Next
Type the Computer Description and
Name, then Next
Type MSHOME, then Next
Select Printer Sharing, then Next
Click Next
Click Next
Select the last choice, then Next
Click Finish
 Configure the IP Address of Local
Area Connection 2 of the other LAN
The Other Workstation is ready for Internet
connection by configuring IP Address of LAN
To Find the DNS Server IP Address
Click Properties
Click Details
List of IP Address of the Server
The Other Workstation is ready for Internet
connection by configuring IP Address of LAN
WORKSHOP ON
LAN