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PERENCANAAN
Kuliah 2 PDPE
Hera Susanti
Apa yang dibahas?
Mengapa Perencanaan?
Perencanaan Pembangunan
Perbandingan Pembangunan
antar negara
Jenis-Jenis Perencanaan
Mengapa Perencanaan Gagal
MENGAPA
PERENCANAAN ?
Mengapa Perlu Perencanaan?
Life in the area is so precarious that the youth and every able
person have to migrate to the towns or join the army at the
war front in order to escape the hazards of hunger escalating
over here.
—Participant in a discussion group in rural Ethiopia
Figure 1.1 World Income Distribution
Apa itu Pembangunan?
Traditional economic measures:
• Growth
• Structural approach
The new economic view of development
• underdevelopment is more than just statistics
• development is a multidimensional process
Sen’s “Capabilities” Approach
• Functionings as an achievement
• Capabilities as freedoms enjoyed in terms of functionings
• Development and happiness
• Well being in terms of being well and having freedoms of
choice
Three core values of development
• Sustenance : ability to meet basic needs
• self-esteem: to be a person
• freedom from servitude : to be able to choose
Apa itu Pembangunan?
The three objectives of development
• increases in availability and
improvements in the distribution of
food, shelter, health, protection, etc.
• improvements in ‘levels of living,’
including higher incomes, more jobs,
better education, etc.
• expansions in the range of economic
and social choices available to
individuals and nations
Figure 1.2 Income and Happiness:
Comparing Countries
What Do we Mean by Development
The Central Role of Women
• To make the biggest impact on development,
societies must empower and invest in women
The Three Objectives of
Development
• Increase availability of life sustaining goods
• Raise levels of living
• Expand range of economic and social choices
The Millennium Development Goals
Millenium Development Goal
(MDG): capaian 2015
Eradicate extreme Improve maternal
poverty and hunger health
(Y<$1/hr) Combat HIV/AIDS,
Achieve universal malaria and other
primary education diseases
Promote gender equality Ensure environmental
and empower women sustainability
Reduce child mortality Develop a global
partnership for
development
Kinerja Antar Negara
Common Characteristics of
developing countries
1. Lower levels of living and productivity
2. Lower levels of human capital
3. Higher levels of inequality and absolute poverty
4. Higher population growth rates
5. Greater social fractionalization
6. Larger rural population- rapid migration to cities
7. Lower levels of industrialization and
manufactured exports
8. Adverse geography
9. Underdeveloped financial and other markets
10. Colonial legacies- poor institutions etc.
Defining the Developing World
World Bank Scheme- ranks countries
on GNP/capita
• LIC, LMC, UMC, OECD (see Table 2.1
and figure 2.1)
Table 2.1 Classification of Economies
by Region and Income, 2007
Table 2.1 Classification of Economies by
Region and Income, 2007 (continued)
(Latin America and the Caribbean) (Sub-Saharan Africa)
Table 2.1 Classification of Economies by
Region and Income, 2007 (continued)
Figure 2.1 Nations of the World,
Classified by GNI Per Capita
Measuring Development for Quantitative
Comparison across Countries