TESTUL 6: Puteri.Logaritmi.

1. RezolvaŃi ecuaŃiile:
4 x −6
a) 3 = 9 3 x − 4 ; b) 2 x +1
= 16 ⋅ 0,25 5−0, 25 ; c) 2 x +2
−2 x +1
= 12 + 2 x −1
;
2 x +1 x+2 x2 +2 x2 +2
d) 2 +2 = 16 ; e) 4 −9⋅2 + 8 = 0 ; f) 3 4 x
− 4⋅3 2 x
+3=0;
( ) + (7 − )
x x
= 14 ; h)  3 + 8  +  3 − 8  = 34 ;
x x
g) 7 + 48 48
   
1 1 5
i) 2 ⋅ 7 x + 2 + 7 x −1 = 687 ; j) 3 ⋅ 4 x + 9 x + 2 = 6 ⋅ 4 x +1 − 9 x +1 ; k) 9 x + 4 x = 6 x .
3 2 2
2. RezolvaŃi inecuaŃiile:
1 x −5
− 1
a) 3 4x
< 81 ; b) 3
2 5x
⋅2 x ≥ 16 ⋅ 8 ; c) 9 − 5 ⋅ 3 + 6 ≤ 0 ; d)  
9 x x
> 27
 3

3. RezolvaŃi sistemele:
2 + 2 = 6 5 2 x + 5 2 y = 26 2 x ⋅ 3 y = 12 2 x ⋅ 9 y = 648
x y
a)  x + y ; b)  x + y ; c)  y x ; d)  y x ;
2 =8 5 =5 2 ⋅ 3 = 18 4 ⋅ 3 = 432
 x y +1 = 27
2 3 x = 10 y 
e)  x ; f)  2 y −5 1
2 = 5 y x =
 3

4. Să se scrie log a x ca logaritm natural (în baza e) şi log 7 5 ca logaritm zecimal.

5. CalculaŃi:
1
a) log 2 32 ; b) log 2 ; c) log 1 32 ; d) log 7 343 ; e) log 1 343 , f) log 2
8 2.
32 2 7

6. CalculaŃi:
a) lg 5 + lg 2 ; b) log 6 360 − log 6 10 ; c) 3 log12 2 + log12 18 ; d) ln x 2 − 2 ln x ;
1 1
e) log 2 54 − log 2 18 ; f) log 25 x 2 − log 5 x , x > 0 .
3 2
7. ComparaŃi numerele:

Prof. Tania Andrei, Colegiul Economic A.D. Xenopol, Bucuresti 1

 a) a = log 3 5 , b = log 3 2 6 ; b) a = log 1 π , b = log 1 (6 sin 1) .
2 2
8. RezolvaŃi ecuaŃiile:

( ) (
a) log x +1 x 2 − 4 x + 5 = 1 ; b) log 2 ( x − 3) = 0 ; c) log x 2 x 2 − 5 x − 6 = 2 ; )
(
d) log x 2 x 4 − x 2 + 1) = 1 ; e) log (x
2
2
)
− 3 x + 2 = log 2 (x − 1) ;f) log 1 x = log 1 2 x ;
2 2

 2 x − 54 
2
g) log 1   = log 1 ( x − 4 ) ; h) log x − 2 (2 x − 9 ) = log x − 2 (23 − 6 x ) ;
10 
x + 3  10

 x 2 − 2x 
i) log 1 log 1 (x + 1) = −1 ; j) log 1 log 8   = 0 ; k) log 2 log 2 log 4 x = 0 ;

3 2 2  x−3 
l) log 3 (x − 2 ) + log 3 x = log 3 8 ; m) log 2 (3 − x ) + log 2 (1 − x ) = 4 log 2 4 ;

n) lg (3x − 2) − 2 =
1
2
( 1
) (
lg ( x + 3) − lg 50 ; o) ln x 3 + 1 − ln x 2 + x + 1 = ln 3 ;
2
)
p) ln 2 ( x + 2 ) − 4 ln(x + 2 ) + 3 = 0 ; r) log 22 x − 5 log 2 x = −6 ; s) lg 2 x + 8 = 6 lg x

t) log 2 x + log 2
x + log 1 x = 6 ; u) 2 log 3 x + log 3
x + log 1 x − 12 = 0 ;
2 3

( )
v) log x 4 + log x 2 64 = 5 ; x) log 2 2 x − 3 + x = 2 ; y) x lg x = 10 ; z) x lg x
= 10 .

9. Să se rezolve:

a) x lg x ≤ 10 ; b) log a ax ≤ log a x + 1, a < 0 , a ≠ 1 ; c) log 3 (x − 1) > 0 ;

d) log 5
x−2
x−3
( ) (
< 0 ; e) log 1 x 2 + 2 x > −1 ; f) log 1 2 x + 2 − 4 x ≤ −1 ; )
3 3

g) log 2 log 3 (3 x + 6 ) > 1 ; h) log 7 ( x + 33) > log 7 (1 − x ) ;

x+9
i) log 1 (8 − x ) > log 1 ; j) log 3 (x + 2 ) + log 3 ( x − 2 ) < log 3 (4 x + 1) ;
5 5
2x − 3

k) log 7 x − log 7 (2 x − 5) ≤ log 7 2 − log 7 (x − 3) ; l) log x −3 (x − 1) < 2 ;

2 Prof. Tania Andrei, Colegiul Economic A.D. Xenopol, Bucuresti

 1
m) log 2 ( x + 14 ) + 2 log 4 ( x + 2 ) < 2 log 1 ;
2
8
(
n) x > log 1 (4 − x ) + log 2 6 + ( x − 1)2 .x x
)
2
10. RezolvaŃi sistemele:
y −3


a) 
x + y = 3 
;b) 
x + y = 34
2 2
8 2
;c) 
x− y 1
= 
2
( )
lg x + lg y = lg 2 ln x + ln y = ln 15 
log 3 (x − 2 y ) + log 3 (3 x + 2 y ) = 3

11. RezolvaŃi:
a) ecuaŃia 9 x − 4 ⋅ 3 x + 3 = 0, x ∈ R .
(
b) inecuaŃia log 1 x 2 − x − 6 ≥ 0, x ∈ R . )
2
Matematică – Informatică, Universitatea Oradea, 2003

12. DeterminaŃi mulŃimea soluŃiilor ecuaŃiei 2 2 x − 3 ⋅ 2 x + 2 = 0 .

Universitatea „Politehnica” – Colegiu, Bucureşti 2003

13. CalculaŃi valoarea expresiei E = x − x 2 ştiind că x este soluŃia ecuaŃiei

1
x+
4 2 + 7 ⋅ 2 x −1 − 1 = 0 .
Universitatea Dunărea de Jos, GalaŃi 2003

2
+3 x + 2
14. AflaŃi mulŃimea soluŃiilor ecuaŃiei 64 = 2 x .
Universitatea Dunărea de Jos, GalaŃi 2003

(
15. RezolvaŃi ecuaŃia lg x 2 − 2 x − 3 − lg(x − 3) = 2 . )
Universitatea Dunărea de Jos, GalaŃi 2003

( )(
16. RezolvaŃi ecuaŃia e x + 2 − 1 x 2 + 2 x = 0 . )
Universitatea Dunărea de Jos, GalaŃi 2003

Prof. Tania Andrei, Colegiul Economic A.D. Xenopol, Bucuresti 3

 log 1 x
17. GăsiŃi soluŃiile ecuaŃiei log x 2 = 4
.
1
log 2
2
Universitatea Dunărea de Jos, GalaŃi 2003

18. CalculaŃi suma soluŃiilor ecuaŃiei (log 2 x ) − log 2 x 3 + 2 = 0 .

2

Universitatea Ovidius, ConstanŃa 2003

19. Fie funcŃia f : R → R, f ( x ) = 2 x + log 2 x . CalculaŃi f (4 ) .

Universitatea „Politehnica” – Colegiu, Bucureşti 2003

3
20. RezolvaŃi ecuaŃia log 3   = 1 .
 x
Universitatea Tehnică de ConstrucŃii – Colegiu, Bucureşti 2003

( )
21. PrecizaŃi mulŃimea soluŃiilor ecuaŃiei log x 3 x 2 − 5 = 1, x ∈ R.
Universitatea Tehnică de ConstrucŃii, Bucureşti 2003

( )
22. RezolvaŃi ecuaŃia log 2 x 2 + 1 + log x 2 +1 2 = 2 .
Universitatea Babeş – Bolyai, Colegiu, Cluj – Napoca 2003

23. DeterminaŃi valoarea parametrului întreg m astfel încât ecuaŃia

   
 log 1 m − 3  x 2 − 2  3 log 1 m − 4  x + 7 log 1 m − 6 = 0 să aibă o rădăcină dublă.
   
 3   3  3

Institutul de Marină Civilă, ConstanŃa 2003

 x− y x− y
2 2 − 2 4 = 2
24. RezolvaŃi sistemul  .
3 lg (2 y − x ) = 1
Universitatea Babeş – Bolyai, Cluj – Napoca 2003

25. RezolvaŃi inecuaŃia log 3 x > log 9 (5 x − 4 ) .

Universitatea Tehnică Gheorghe Asachi, Iaşi 2003

4 Prof. Tania Andrei, Colegiul Economic A.D. Xenopol, Bucuresti

26. RezolvaŃi inecuaŃia ln e x + xe ln x < 2 .
Universitatea „Politehnica”, Bucureşti 2003

( )
27. RezolvaŃi inecuaŃia log 3 4 2 x − 3 ⋅ 2 2 x + 2 < log 3
6.
Universitatea Dunărea de Jos, GalaŃi 2003

28. CalculaŃi S = ∑ x , unde A = {x ∈ N 3x + 1 < 2 log (x + 4)}.

x∈ A
2

Academia de Studii Economice, Bucureşti 2003

Prof. Tania Andrei, Colegiul Economic A.D. Xenopol, Bucuresti 5