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Foreign Studies on Marxism and Socialism SeriresXu Chongwen, Edidor in Chief Comment and Analysis on the Principle of Democratic SocialismBy Xu ChongwenChongqing Publishing House, Chongqing Publishing Group2007 editionThe book 
Comment and Analysis on the Principle of Democratic Socialism
was first published in 1995 and later re edited and additions were made in 2006 . It makescomments and analyses on the basic aspects of democratic socialism such as itsorigin, its political, economic and ideological program as well as its model and showwindow-Swedish Model and the role it played in the great changes of Eastern Europeand the collapse of the Soviet Union. The book is intended to draw a clear dividingline between scientific socialism and democratic socialism in terms of basic principlesso as to facilitate people to recognize the fundamental differences between them.Recently, some people argued that “only democratic socialism can save China”. Inthis context, the author has written another 6 articles such as Different Meanings andPrinciples between Socialism in China and Democratic Socialism and included theminto the 2007 enlarged edition of this book as the last chapter, expecting to help people recognize that characteristics of Socialism in China and Democratic Socialismare vehicles on totally different tracks, so as to help people acquire a clear understanding of the true color of democratic socialism, thus enhancing their confidenceand determination in taking the road of Socialism with ChineseCharacteristics
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To Develop Marxism by Studying Modern Trends of Thoughts
 ——Written for the publication of 
 Foreign Studies on Marxism and Socialism Series
 By Xu ChongwenThe 13
th
National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party pointed out that thedevelopment of socialism from fantasy to science, from theory to practice, from onecountry to many countries and from construction to reform “is the expansion anddeepening of our understanding of socialism and is a combination of the
Theory of Scientific Socialism
with practices in various countries and the progress of times”; italso stated that “New and great development should be made to Marxism, which isthe trend of our modern times”.To adapt to this trend, the theorists of Marxism in China must study varioustrends of thoughts in modern times while studying the practices. That is to say, weshould study new changes and various trends of thoughts in the modern world andtake in and summarize the latest achievements in all scientific fields with criticalthinking.Why should we study various trends of modern thoughts while studying the practices to develop Marxism?Because it is decided by the nature of Marxism: Marxism is an open system.Over the past years, Marxism has won historical significance in the world because ithas absorbed and reformed all the valuable elements of ideological and cultural progress of human beings in the past two thousand years. Today when the world isundergoing great changes and people are having an increasingly intensiveunderstanding of the nature, social history and the thinking of human beings and are proposing various new theories, thoughts and concepts in their latest explorations,studying various trends of modern thoughts and taking in all the valuable elements inthem are apparently conducive to the development of Marxism.Even the bourgeois ideological trends, although appear in distorted forms of modern idealism, has put forward a series of questions produced in the practice andsome practical and pressing scientific questions. If we integrate these questions intoour theoretical studies on Marxism and find out solutions to them, we can makeMarxism develop at the same pace with the times and practice and take in ideologicalnutrition from the practice.Today a new round of technological revolution is spreading worldwide. It makes
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the global problems increasingly prominent and put the interest of human being tosurvive on the top agenda. This requires the people to change their traditional valuesand ways of thinking so as to face and solve these problems properly. In this context,it is of great significance for us to study various trends of modern thoughts so as todevelop Marxism.Among various studies on trends of modern thoughts, the studies andobservations on ideological trends of Marxism and socialism are of specialimportance to the development of Marxism. The reasons are: first, all of them takeMarxism and socialism as the subject of their studies; second, they carry out studies indifferent social, historical, ideological and cultural backgrounds under the guidance of different world outlooks, thus the identity of their subjects and variety of their viewpoints are unified, which makes them helpful for us to understand the essentialspirit of Marxism comprehensively and correctly in communication and confrontationwith the various trends of modern thoughts, and correct the dogmatic interpretationsof Marxism and the wrong ideas under the name of Marxism so as to developMarxism in the practice of billions of people.Take Marx’ philosophical view of the world as an example, it has been under ahot discussion over a long time. The Marxist philosophy of Soviet Union Model takesthe world as a system operating according to its own laws without any connectionwith the practice of human beings. It believes that the revolutionary changes achieved by Marx in philosophical field are that he introduced practice into epistemology andconsidered the changes made by human beings to the objective world is thefoundation of their cognition; while the various schools of humanistic trends in“Western Marxism” hold that the world gets the media through the subject, andtherefore, according to Marx, the concreteness of social practice, instead of theabstractness of materials, is the real object and foundation of materialistic theory.In studying and understanding the spirit of Marx’ works by taking intoconsideration all these modern trends of thoughts, we can find out without anydifficulty that Marx’ philosophical view of world involves the following two basicaspects: one the one hand, it introduced practice intosubstantialism and emphasized that we should understand things from the part of subject, namely, we should takethings as the perceptual activities and practices of human beings, and that thecontinuous perceptual activities of human beings are the deep foundation of theexisting perceptual world; one the other hand, it always gave priority to the outsidenature and held that the practice of human beings were limited by the nature atdifferent levels.These two aspects are interrelated and cannot be separated from each other.However, the Soviet Model of Marxist philosophy has ignored the first basic aspect ——to take things as the practice from the part of the subject——although it hasemphasized the second aspect——the priority of the outside nature. This makes itdifficult to distinguish it from the old materialism and it can be only considered as aone-sided Marxist philosophy at best. In contrast, the various schools of humanistictrends in “Western Marxism” has ignored and even negated the second aspect,although it has stressed the first one. Therefore, it has in fact distorted Marxist philosophy in the opposite direction with Soviet Model and fall into the category of idealism.It can be seen from the communication and clash with various trends of modernthoughts that both the Marxist philosophy of Soviet Model and the philosophy of various schools of humanistic trends in “Western Marxism” has failed to understandthe Marxist philosophical view of the world by combing the above two basic aspects,
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