1.

0 INTRODUCTION

Building that is built now days are no longer just shelter from rain, wind,
snow, sun, or other harsh condition of nature. Rather, they are built to create better,
more consistent, more productive environments in which to work and to live.
Building that is design and build must be comfortable to the people who are living
or working in it. Therefore building must be designed with features to provide better
lighting, comfortable space temperature, humidity, and air quality, convenient
power and communication capability, high quality sanitation and reliable system for
the protection of life and property. These entire desirable features have become a
reality with recent advance in the technology of mechanical and electrical (M&E)
system.

M&E system demand considerable floor and ceiling space. Without proper
space allocation during the preliminary planning phase of a project, the design
process may have to be started over again, and there often the system
performances are compromised. Furthermore, M&E system add to the cost of
construction of a building, in some instances approaching or exceeding 50 percent
of the total cost.

Building M&E systems may be classified into three major categories:

a. Mechanical Systems
• HVAC - Heating, ventilating , and air conditioning
• Site utility –Water supply, storm water drainage, sanitary
disposal, gas supply
• Plumbing – Water distribution, water treatment, sanitary
facilities, etc.
• Fire protection – Water supply, fire and smock detection,
automatic sprinklers
b. Electrical Systems
• Electrical power – Normal, standby, and emergency power supply and
distribution
 • Lighting – Interior, Exterior, and emergency lighting
• Auxiliary – Telephone, signal, data, audio/video, sound, fire alarm,
security system.
c. Building Operation System
• Transportation – Elevator, escalator, moving walking way
• Processing – Production, food service
• Automation – Environmental controls, management
The industrial building management system provides the monitoring and
control for all mechanical and electrical equipment within the industry. The task of
ensuring smooth running operation of industrial building management system and
all of its facilities is not an easy one. With the help of safety electrical operation and
maintenance system, facility and maintenance administrators are able to coordinate
all the technical requirements for the optimal functioning of the industry facilities.

1.1 Introduction To The Building

Name of Building : Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan Batu

Pahat,
Jalan Bakau Conndong,
83000 BatuPahat, Johor
Owner Address : Department of Prime Minister,
Bahagian Pengurusan Hartanah,
Jabatan Perdana Menteri,
Aras 7, Blok B3, 62502, Putrajaya
Maintainers : Bahagian Kawalselia Penyenggaraan,
Kementerian Kerja Raya
Concession Company : AMBANG WIRA
18-6, Subang Business Centre,
Jalan USJ, 9/5T,
UEP Subang Jaya, 47620 Selangor
No.Telefon : 03-80244505
Building started built on : Julai 1997
Building finish built on : April 2000
 Cost of the building : RM 13,648,080.39 juta
JKR Number : BP 2397, Bgn. Jentera JKR BP 2398,
Bgn. Elektrik JKR BP 2399
Lot Number : P.T.D 9261
Land area : 4,303.64 mp
Area : 46,323.95 square feet

Facilities inside and outside of the building:-

1. Meeting Room
2. Parking facilities
3. Security office
4. Toilet
5. Elevator
6. Offices

The reason why we choose this building is to find out their mechanical and
electrical system in office room and whether the building was designed as usually
as another government office in this country. Other than that, how does the
management system for mechanical and electrical device.

2.0 PURPOSE / OBJECTIVE

This project is to identify the M&E systems that can be found in building that
we choose, Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan,Batu Pahat. The objective is:-

 To generate knowledge and understanding about principles and practice of

mechanical and electrical in civil engineering field and to exposed to the
function and application of building system for human comfort.
 To lead in the application of environmental-friendly advanced civil
engineering for the benefit of mankind
  To produce and train environmental-friendly civil engineers who are
professional, creative, innovative, competent and responsible through quality
academic programs
 Categorize M&E building system components according to degree of
environmental friendly compliance level.
 Reproduce M&E schematic layout and detail report similar with industry
requirement.
 Organize and plan site visit to produce data and information for given project
voluntarily.
 Understand and apply basic mechanical and electrical engineering in
building.
 Apply knowledge on building electrical supply and fire safety.
 Apply knowledge on water supply and sanitary system.
 Work in a team and solve problems that arise when carrying out the assigned
project
3.0 METHODOLOGY

We had a several sort of place that we have listed down. We had pick up
Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan Batu Pahat to continue the project as the
location is quite near from UTHM and also they have a good respond to entertain
us regarding this project.

Data were collected from office building, Ambang Wira Sdn. Bhd. From the
site visit of this building we know the M&E system over view, system components,
functions, technology, environment (indoor or outdoor), cost of building, problem
and impact. We was conducted by the head of the office En Abd.Rahman bin Talib
who was introduce us about the office working, the management and organization
of this government sector. Then he let us conducted by his technicians, En.
Norhisam bin Jemion and En. Mazlan bin Mohd Amin.He tells us about the M&E
system on the office. Building services engineering comprises mechanical
engineering, electrical engineering and plumbing (MEP) engineering, all of which
are further sub-divided into the following:
 • Natural and Artificial Lighting, and Building facades
• Security and Alarm Systems
• Fire Detection and Protection
• Lightning Protection
• Lifts
• Heating and Air Conditioning (hvac)
• Water , Drainage and Plumbing
• Ventilation and Refrigeration

From the site visit, we also obtain the respective plans which are needed to
analyze the system of building, especially for Electrical and Mechanical, Fire
Protection and Ventilation System

4.0 VENTILATION SYSTEM

Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan Batu pahat, is a joint federal government

building which houses several Ministries and branches of the state department that
manages everything related. Therefore the efficiency and workability of an
employee is measured by the level of comfort at work. So, for the ventilation used
in this building more on the mechanical system. As known Ventilation is the
intentional movement of air from outside a building to the inside and is simply
defined as the process of changing air in an enclosed space. A proportion of air
within the enclosed space should be continuously withdraw and replaced by fresh
air.

Since this building has many departments that deal, the capacity of
ventilation system is limited in maintaining the quality system it is divided into
several sections where there is the Water Cool Pakage Unit (WCPU) systems, split
systems, air systems Curtin. But the overall system used is WCUP system (Chiller).
 AH

Overview Plan- Symmetry System

COOLING
TOWER
Building orientation – sun angle from East to West

This system used in a ventilation flow. The system began with the Air
Handling Unit (AHU) for temperature and humidity control system and then it
continues to re-circulation water pump for water and radiant heating and chiller for
cooling or fan coil.
 This technology of requires a continuous flow of water and chemical material
usage as an additive, so that it can function properly and smoothly. This system
certainly provides many advantages over split system where it can provide cool air
to the faster pace throughout the big building. This technology also produce a noise
pollution but it’s not a big issue because the noise which it’s produce are less noisy.

4.1 Air Handling Unit (Ahu)

Also considered as indoor unit, this technology of air-handling system

consist of one centrifugal fan, air filtration system, refrigerant cooling coils,
supply ducts, return air diffuser and an electrical control panel. Air Handling
Unit (AHU) has a separate room to generate electrical power to cool the hall.
The rooms are laid (AHU) is located behind the hall. Ventilation system is
used by the air flow at the entrance of air holes and then out into the hall into
the cool air and warm air will flow out through two holes and then turned
back into the incoming air. It is an air cycle system where the incoming cold
air and warm air will escape through the ventilation holes in the AHU system.

Filter
compatme
nt

AHU room cold air&

 Plan View of cooling tower Excess
water

Return back water

Bring water to AHU

Inside cooling tank

Overview component in
WCPU system
Supply air
diffuser

Return air
diffuser

4.2 System Component

a. Supply Duct
Ventilation duct system in which hot and cold air in and out. There are
two channels of inlet and outlet. Each function on the left and right.

Outlet warm air

inlet cold air
b. Diffuser
In this building the diffusers can be divided into 2 types, supply air
diffuser and return air diffuser. They are connected to the air ducts
system with the same function respectively. As for the air supply air
diffusers, all of them are installed on the ceiling’s hall and are square
in shape. They are of several type of diffusers and made of plastic.

Return air diffuser is known as return air grill. The diffuser is of single-
way return air diffusers and made of stainless steel. However, this
diffuser is better. The location of these diffusers is the AHU’s rooms
wall that connection the air inside the room with the outside. This can
allow the return air directly back into the room as the AHU rooms is
behind the stage.

c. Heating and/or cooling coil

Air handlers may need to provide heating, cooling, or both to change
the supply air temperature depending on the location and the
application.

Smaller air handlers may contain a fuel-burning heater or a

refrigeration evaporator, placed directly in the air stream. Electric
resistance and heat pumps can be used as well. Evaporative cooling is
possible in dry climates.
 Large commercial air handling units contain coils that circulate hot
water or steam for heating, and chilled water for cooling. Coils are
typically manufactured from copper for the tubes, with copper or
aluminium fins to aid heat transfer.

d. Filter compartment
Air filtration is almost always present in order to provide clean dust-
free air to the building occupants. It may be via simple low-MERV
pleated media, HEPA, electrostatic, or a combination of techniques.
Gas-phase and ultraviolet air treatments may be employed as well.

4.3 Water Pump

An air conditioning apparatus includes a case body, and an air cooling

coil disposed in the case body to cool an air stream flowing there across. A
blower is disposed in the case body, and is driven by an output shaft of a
motor to blow the air stream across the air cooling coil and deliver cooled air
stream forwardly and outwardly of the case body. A drain pane is disposed
under the air cooling coil to collect droplets of condensate, and has a first
outlet to drain water therein. A water pump includes a pump body with an
accommodation chamber, and an impeller received in the chamber and
provided with a driven shaft.
The driven shaft extends outwardly of the pump body to form a
coupling end to be coupled with the output shaft so as to enable the motor to
drive the impeller to rotate. The pump body has a second inlet in fluid
communication with the first outlet of the drain pane, and a second outlet so
that rotation of the impeller will generate a suction force to drain the water
from the first outlet via the second inlet and out of the second outlet.
 Pump system used in Chiller system

4.4 Chiller

Chiller is a device which will conduct the course of conditional water. It

is generated by water released from the water pump. Before the process
occurs in the chiller, it should detect water in the water pump. Chiller is very
sensitive to detect the entry of water. Water through the heating and cooling
coils and continue to go up to the tank on the outside of the room which
houses the chiller.

It can be points detail as follows:

• Heat is transferred from the air in the rooms to chilled water at the air
handling units.
• The chilled water is pumped through the chiller and the heat is
transferred to the refrigerant.
• The refrigerant is cooled by cooling water circulating in the condenser
of the chiller.
The heated cooling water is passed through cooling towers where the
heat is dissipated to the atmosphere by fans.
 The tank that use for keeping water
Chemical for cooling water

4.5 Problems With Indoor And Outdoor Environment

Disruption in terms of environment, it does not affect the surrounding
environment. It does not produce gas or smoke can be harmful to humans. In
addition, the system is located inside the building and it works in the building.
Air from outside does not affect the impact of the air inside the building. It is
only affected if the air spaces open. It will cause the air system in the building
will affect the temperature as warm air mixes with cold air.

Indoor Outdoor
4.6 Impacts

In terms of impact is the problem of noise pollution. Noise pollution can

occur at the outside of the building. Sound machine that generates a
vibration of air conditioner that produces very little noise. It gives very little
impact on the surrounding environment. Possible impact of human hearing is
not affected. It is only the sound vibrations.
4.7 Split unit

Although the use of the chiller system is fully in Bangunan Gunasama

Persekutuan Batu pahat, but there are some rooms or departments that use
the air conditioning system which is a kind of private indoor unit and outdoor
unit, or it call it split unit.

Outdoor

Outdoor unit

The split unit is used at the several ground floor and 2nd floor in this
building. The cooling effect from the package unit is insufficient to supply the
chilled air to the area. Thus, additional cooling system is required to fulfill the
cooling requirement. Unlike the fan coil unit, the indoor unit blows directly to
the hall without any air supply ducts. There are 20 unit of split unit in the
building. The outdoor unit is located at the rear of the building and in front of
meeting room space.

I
ndoor Unit

a. Air curtain
 The other type of split unit is air curtain. This unit is place at a side
door of the front lobby. With the same principal of the split unit, but it
doesn’t being used to air-condition a room. But, it is used to create a
curtain of air by blowing from the upper of the door down to the floor.
The main function is to block the outside heat from entering and
infiltrating into the lobby area.

4.8 Maintenance

The system must be maintained to ensure that it functioning

appropriately so that it can carry its task and to avoid any inconvenience and
damages to the system. The maintenance routine is made in 2 different
phase:

a. Daily
- Chiller-inspect chiller, check oil level and take reading 3 times
- Cooling tower:-check water,float valve and belting
b. Weekly
- Cooling tower:-carry out water treatment

5.0 FIRE SAFETY AND BUILDING TRANSPORTATION

 The Fire Safety Plan for the building of Bangunan GunaSama Persekutuan,
Batu Pahat, were planning accurately as the best way to protect the all building part
from bottom ground floor till the upper floor. The fire safety plan generate as the
action plans that observe by the building authority and the building safety device
suppliers and also the most important body in order approving the building safety
plan, Fire and Rescue Department, Malaysia.

5.1 Fire Safety Plan of Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan, Batu

Pahat.

In order to realize the Fire Safety Plan of Bangunan Guna Sama

Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, the management of building authority and
corporate responsibility of building maintenance, a meeting was handled to
decide, review and evaluating the building ability and potential. By the
general meeting of Fire safety, one of the responsibility group of maintaining,
protecting and preventing unit was made. The body is officially held the
responsibility of fire safety in the building. They appropriately take action
and have to be made an action plan of preventing and emergency actions
that will be used as formation of building rescuing active plan.

The four (4) main point of important plan procedures is listed below as
the primarily step to take action before any conflagration happen.
1. Fire Prevention
2. Fire Protection
3. Fire Safety Plan
4. Fire Fighting tools and equipment

These four (4) elements is the part of planning in order to prevent any
problem or unexpected thing happened and caused the building fail to run its
purpose. Bangunan GunaSama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, owned by the
Federal Government of Malaysia that locates the all government agencies as
one central of administration. Moreover, the building shared by agencies as
their responsibility to keep private and confidential all over the thing, so, the
fire protection is important thing to do to ensure the workability and salvation
of legal document fully protected. The Safety Planning has to divide in four
elements so that the management can easily evaluate all the unexpected
thing, miscellaneous tool and equipment to provide while the financial is
going to be considered.

5.2 Fire Prevention

Fire Prevention is a function of many fire departments. The goal of fire

prevention is to educate the public to take precautions to prevent fires, and be
educated about surviving them. It is a proactive method of
reducing emergencies and the damage caused by them. Many fire
departments have a Fire Prevention Officer. Elements of the fire prevention
that mentioned in the Fire Safety Plan;

1. Zoning Area
2. Fire Protections tools and Equipments
3. Lessons of Fire Prevention
4. Fire action plans
5. Regular Connective with Fire and Rescue Department
6. Maintenance

5.2.1 Zoning Area

Building Zone Area in Bangunan GunaSama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat,

divided in a few zone of safety action plans. This is because of the
design of building area considered to make easy instructions if any
unexpected thing happened to the building. This zone if referring to
the emergency plans to get people out of building immediately and
firefighting action. The zone as shown below the plan and the zone
criteria listed below;
1. Front Porch
2. Rear Porch
3. Right Wing
4. Left Wing
 Legend:
Front Porch = Zone C
Rear Porch = Zone D
Right Wing = Zone A
Left Wing = Zone B

*** Plan Attached on the next page

This zone has through process of testing by the building management and
Fire and Rescue Department, its returns good and working properly.

5.2.2 Fire Protections tools and Equipments

Fire Protections tools and Equipments in Bangunan Guna Sama

Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, is provides for every location with the
description and daily, weekly and monthly checking record of tools
were producing to ensure the equipments working properly.

Nu. PLACE LOCATION DESCRIPTION QUANTITY ZONE

1 Security Post 1 Front Fire Protection System :
Fire Extinguisher (ABC) 1 C
Fire Extinguisher (Co2) 1 C

Nu. PLACE LOCATION DESCRIPTION QUANTITY ZONE

2 Security Post 2 Front Fire Protection System :
Fire Extinguisher (ABC) 1 C

Nu. PLACE LOCATION DESCRIPTION QUANTITY ZONE

3 Out of Building Building Fire Protection System :
Perimeter
Hydrant 3 C

Nu. PLACE LOCATION DESCRIPTION QUANTITY ZONE

4 Office by Pass Ground Floor Fire Protection System :
Fire Extinguisher (ABC) 1 C/G
5 Canteen Hose Reel drum 1 C/G
Manual Break Glass 1 C/G
Alarm Bell 1 C/G
Nu. PLACE LOCATION DESCRIPTION QUANTITY ZONE
6 Fire Front Fire Protection System :
Emergency
Stairs
Fire Door 1 C/G

Nu. PLACE LOCATION DESCRIPTION QUANTITY ZONE

7 Building Machine Rear Fire Protection System :
Fire Extinguisher (Co2) 2 D
Hose Reel Board (Model : NOVADA)

a) Diesel Engine R.Y (No. 4340665 1 D

382 cc)
B) Electric Pump Motor (CALPEDA) 1 D
4HP / 3KW

Nu. PLACE LOCATION DESCRIPTION QUANTITY ZONE

8 T.N.B Building Rear Fire Protection System :
Fire Extinguisher (Co2) 2 D
45 kg Co2 Cylinders 10 D

Nu. PLACE LOCATION DESCRIPTION QUANTITY ZONE

9 Emigration Ground Floor Fire Protection System :
Department
Fire Extinguisher (Co2) 2 A/G
Smoke Detector 12 A/G
Fire Door 1 A/G

Nu. PLACE LOCATION DESCRIPTION QUANTITY ZONE

10 Middle Lobby Ground Floor Fire Protection System :
Fire Extinguisher (ABC) 3 C/G
Manual BreakGlass 2 C/G
Alarm Bell 1 C/G
Fireman Switch 2 C/G
Smoke Detector 6 C/G
Fire Extinguisher 3 C/G
Hose Reel Drum 1 C/G
Fire Door 2 C/G

The tools and equipment were provides effectively due to necessarily

of building protection area that implement by the regulations of Fire
and Rescue Department. The devices provided is the best element
and equipment that needed by the building.

5.2.3 Lessons of Fire Prevention

 Fire prevention education can take the form of videos, pamphlets, and
banners. Often, the messages and lessons are simple tips. Effective
and important lessons and messages include:
I) Stop, Drop and Roll
o If your clothing catches on fire, the most effective method of
extinguishing the fire is to stop, drop to the ground, and roll
back and forth to smother the flame. Don't run around
because it fans the flames
II) Smoke Detectors
o are just a start
III) Get out and Stay Out
IV) Don’t Just leave to do something else
V) Don’t play with fire
VI) Fire Drill

- Where the management responsibility involves conducting,

coordinating, monitoring or participating in fire drills.
- Preparation is the key to any effective emergency response.
Conducting effective fire drills helps building owners, property
management and others responsible for fire safety within a building

In Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat , Fire Drill

Frequencies is depend on the necessarily and instruction by the Fire
and Rescue Department. To be most effective, it may be necessary to
conduct fire drills on a more frequent basis. For example, within a care
and treatment occupancy, it may be impractical to expect that all
employees will be available to participate in a fire drill each month due
to the different shifts people work. To ensure that all staff participate in
fire drills within a reasonable period of time, the fire drill procedure
may include a minimum frequency for individual staff participation. As
an example, each employee must participate in a fire drill at least once
every three months. To meet this desired frequency, the type of fire
drills staff participate in could vary.
 Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, on Safety
Planning mentioned that the fire drill frequency is about 2 times in a
year and was held assist by the Fire and Rescue Department. For the
purpose of this guideline, there are three types of fire drills:
• Comprehensive
• Silent
• Table Talk

5.2.4 Fire Action Plan

The fire action plan should be followed by all visitors, staff, students
and residents in the event of fire or activation of alarm system. All
people with personal emergency evacuation plans will have separate
arranged procedures to follow. All people with personal emergency
evacuation plans will have separate arranged procedures to follow.
Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, had a plan by
referring to the zoning area and Fire Action Plan that was released to
the staff in that building so that they know how to handling the
emergency situation and what they have to do when facing on that
panic situation and action should be taken. Action should be taken by
following the chart of Fire Action Plans that was provided by the
building authority as attached on the next page. The staff also should
be follow the step If There’s a Fire and need to act instantly, swiftly and
calmly once you become aware of a fire;
 a) Alert everyone - Make sure everyone in your home
knows about the fire. Shout. Get everyone together.
b) Don’t delay.
c) Shut doors - As you go out, only open the doors you
need to. Close any open doors. Before you open a door
check it with the back of your hand. If it’s warm, don’t open
it – the fire is on the other side.
d) Get everyone out - Use your escape route. Stay
together if you can.
e) Crawl on the floor if there’s smoke - The air is
cleaner near the floor so if there’s smoke put your nose as
low as possible. Remember, smoke is poisonous and can kill
you.
f) Call 994 - Once you’ve escaped, use a mobile or a
neighbour’s phone. 994 calls are free.
• Speak slowly and clearly.
• Give the whole address of your home and the town.
• Say what is on fire (eg, a two-storey house).
• Explain if anyone is trapped and what room they are in.
g) Don’t go back in - Don’t go back in for anything.

5.2.5 Action on Discovering a Fire

 Raise the alarm by breaking glass of nearest break-glass unit, this
will alert the security staff who will then call the fire and rescue
service via 999 network.
 Out-with a building, either dial 999 using a mobile phone or raise
alarm verbally for assistance.
 If you identify a small confined fire and have been trained in the use
of fire extinguishers, you can attack the fire if safe to do so. Always
report any actions you have taken to security.

5.2.6 Alarm Activation

 Leave the building quickly and calmly by the nearest escape
route, closing any doors on the way.
  Once you have exited the building, move directly to the fire
assembly area.
 Remain in the assembly area keeping roadways clear.
 Separate procedures should be agreed with management for
staff that required personal
 Emergency evacuation support/plans.

All the systems in Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, fully
protected and completed with the high intention of the fire protection
equipments and tools. Moreover, Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan,
Batu Pahat, has use an advance technology in order to protect and fire
alert to the building that directly connected to the Fire and Rescue
Department. If there’s any problem or emergency, the system will run
automaticly so that they protection system will work up to fight the fire
and alert the Fire and Rescue Department to get move immediately.
EMERGENCY ASSEMBLY AREA EMERGENCY ASSEMBLY AREA

EMERGENCY ASSEMBLY AREA EMERGENCY ASSEMBLY AREA

5.3 Passive System

Passive fire protection (PFP) is an integral component of the three

components of structural fire protection and fire safety in a building. PFP
attempts to contain fires or slow the spread, through use of fire-resistant
walls, floors, and doors (amongst other examples). PFP systems must
comply with the associated Listing and approval use and compliance in
order to provide the effectiveness expected by building codes.

Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, is legally approve by

the local authority and Fire and Rescue Department in referring to the
Uniform Building By Law 1984 (UBBL 1984), that is mean if, all the
necessarily of passive system tha implement by the building are authorized
safety and can be use properly and there is no problem with the structural
design.

5.4 Active System

Active fire protection systems such as water sprinkler and spray

systems are widely used in the process industries for protection of storage
vessels, process plant, loading installations and warehouses. The duty of the
fire protection system may be to extinguish the fire, control the fire, or
provide exposure protection to prevent domino effects. For some
applications foam pourers or fixed water monitors may be a more
appropriate method of delivery than sprays or sprinklers. Other more
specialised systems using inert gases and halogen based gases are used for
flooding enclosed spaces.

There are two (2) kinds of active fire protections that has been used
in Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat;

A. Fire Suppression
Fire can be controlled or extinguished, either manually (firefighting)
or automatically. Manual includes the use of a fire extinguisher or a
Standpipe system. Automatic means can include a
fire sprinkler system, a gaseous clean agent, or firefighting foam
 system. Automatic suppression systems would usually be found in
large commercial kitchens or other high-risk area.

B. Fire Detection
The fire is detected either by locating the smoke, flame or heat, and
an alarm is sounded to enable emergency evacuation as well as to
dispatch the local fire department. An introduction to fire detection
and suppression can be found here. Where a detection system is
activated, it can be programmed to carry out other actions. These
include de-energising magnetic hold open devices on Fire doors and
opening servo-actuated vents in stairways.

5.5 Fire Protection Tools and Equipments

- Fire Extinguisher (ABC)

- Fire Extinguisher (Co2)
- Hydrant
- Hose Reel drum
- Fire Door
- Alarm Bell
- Manual Break Glass
- Hose Reel Board (Model : NOVADA)
a) Diesel Engine R.Y (No. 4340665 382 cc)
b) Electric Pump Motor (CALPEDA) 4HP / 3KW
- Fire Extinguisher (Co2)
- 45 kg Co2 Cylinders
- Smoke Detector
- Fireman Switch
 45 kg Co2 Cylinders

Fire Extinguisher (ABC)

Manual Break Glass Fire Main Switch

5.6 Building Transportation

5.6.1 Elevator

Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, had provided

building transportation equipment. The building has design to be
used as government office and central administration, that why the
building just provided elevator or lift as main transportation in that
building. The type of lift is;

1. Traction Lift
The traction lift is generated by the electric power. It has lift shaft
and cable to urge upward loading.
5.6.2 Lift Operation Room

Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, ready for the

emergency plan of lift breakdown. The plan based on the terms and
condition by the regulations. It was mentioned as below;

LIFT BREAKDOWN ACTION

PLAN
1. Rescuing people down to the lift must be handled by two
authorized competency person. One has to be in where the lift
will be up lifting.
2. Go to the Lift Motor Room and cut off the main switch.
3. By using the lift emergency telephone, call the passenger that
get on the lift and tell them to be patient and “you will be
saved”.
4. Open the landing door by contiguous with using the landing door
key.
5. Concern to the lift car and make sure the location at upper level
is the almost.
6. Open the landing floor at where the lift will be up lifting.
7. Go to the lift motor room and up lift a bit the manually by using
manual release break till the lift car move up to right landing
place.
8. Open the lift car’s door by using hand and rescue the passenger.
6.0 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

6.1 Light Fitting

Generally, Bangunan Persekutuan Batu Pahat were equipped with a

good lighting system and fitting where approximately about 10 000 nos
several of light consist of fluorescent, downlight and façade in the building
itself and also with spot lights outside the building.

6.2 Natural Lighting

Natural light is radiant energy that originates from the sun. Daylight
is indeed an amenity. With help of the building design and materials, glass
wall act as main day lighting. Windows and walls provide visual contact
with the outside, and the resultant daylight provides a bright and pleasant,
air ambience. When daylight enters through windows, its horizontal
directivity provides good modeling
shadows, minimal veiling reflections,
and excellent vertical surface
illumination.

Furthermore, the continual

variation of day light, which is one of its
prominent characteristics, provides a
constantly changing pattern of space illumination (one that is not easily
attainable with artificial light). Because these changes are gradual, the
eyes adapt easily and the effect is one of visual interest. Sometimes,
blinds were used to minimize the day light especially during the
presentation. Although daylight cannot be used all the time, even
buildings with round-the-clock operation can use daylight for at least one
shift and thus reduce their lighting energy consumption correspondingly.

Light From Entry Door

6.3 Downlight / Incandescent Recessed

"Downlight" term is used for lighting fixtures mounted mostly on a

ceiling of various interiors and projecting their light in the down direction.
Downlight are mainly used as a source of main lighting in this building.
The usage of downlights allows the most equal light distribution over
interior space compared to other types of lighting fixtures. The main
purpose of a downlight fixture is a collection and redistribution of luminous
flux from the lights source (lamps) in a required direction.

6.4 Fluorescent Lamp

The most common found is in tubular fluorescent lamps. A range of

different phosphor coatings are used to modify the output spectrum. The
standard fluorescent tube has a diameter of 38mm and a length of 0.6, .9,
1.2, 1.5, 1.8 or 2.4 meters. More recently, such lamps are available in
both circular form as well as compact fluorescents utilizing folded tubes of
much smaller diameter.
 Fluorescent lamps are
much more efficient and
have up to 20 times longer
life than some incandescent.
For these reason, they are
widely used especially in basement car park area and other mechanical
and electrical room. It has no filament running through it. Instead,
cathodes (coiled tungsten filaments coated with an electron-emitting
substance) at each end send current through mercury vapors sealed in the
tube. Ultraviolet radiation is produced as electrons from the cathodes
knock mercury electrons out of their natural orbit. Some of the displaced
electrons settle back into orbit, throwing off the excess energy absorbed in
the collision. Almost all of this energy is in the form of ultraviolet radiation.
The usage of this kind of lamp allows a good light to whole area. A
fluorescent lamp converts electrical power into useful light more efficiently
than an incandescent lamp, lower energy costs offsets the higher initial
cost of the lamp and use less power.
 Type of Light Usage

Spotlight only used nocturnally and if have been any ceremony or

celebration in that area. These spotlights are located at the field near the
arch.

6.5 Electrical component

6.5.1 Circuit Breaker

 A circuit breaker is a circuit protection device that, like a fuse,
will stop current in the circuit if there is a direct short, excessive
current or excessive heat. Unlike a fuse, a circuit breaker is
reusable. The circuit breaker does not have to be replaced after it
has opened or broken the circuit. Instead of replacing the circuit
breaker, you reset it.

Circuit breakers can also be used as circuit control devices.

By manually opening and closing the contacts of a circuit breaker,
you can switch the power on and off Circuit breakers are available
in a great variety of sizes and types. Circuit breakers have five main
components. The components are the frame, the operating
mechanism, the arc extinguishers and contacts, the terminal
connectors, and the trip elements

6.5.2 Supply Incoming unit (SIU)

A unit to house the electricity supply authority’s incoming
cable, service fuses, neutral link, current transformer and meters.
An electrical supply unit, comprising: a sealable container having an
interior and being moveable between an open position, in which the
interior may be accessed by a user and a closed position, in which
the interior may not be accessed by a user; and one or more
 charging points located in the interior of the container, each
charging point being operable to provide a first supply of electricity
when the container is in the closed position and operable to provide
a second supply of electricity when the container is in the open
position.

7.0 WATER SUPPLY

For this building water is supply using downfeed/ indirect system. In the
typical downfeed/ indirect system, the connection with the street main is carried
directly to a tank placed or at some point above the highest fixture, water is
supplied down through vertical pipes to the lowest point in the pressure zone.
The supply to tank is regulated by a ball-cock which automatically shuts off the
water when the tank becomes full, and opens and refills it again when water is
drawn out. The height of the tank provides additional static head, increasing the
pressure in the water distribution system.
These are the advantages of the downfeed/ indirect water tank
system:
• Less complex then other system
• Fewer components are required to control the operate the system
• More efficient and cost less to operate
• May utilize a small pump
• Maintenance requirements are minimal
• Uniform pressure
Disadvantages of the downfeed/ indirect water tank system:
• An exposed tank, or the enclosure around it, may be considered
unsightly
 • Building structure may require reinforcement to support the additional
weight
• Water pressure on the upper floor may be inadequate for some fixtures

• A catastrophic tank failure could flood the roof

water tank room

Water tank on top of building

8.0 CONCLUSION

From this project we conclude that, all buildings need mechanical and
electrical system more efficient, better, productive environment in which to work
and to live. Buildings must be designed with features to provide better lighting,
comfortable space temperature, humidity, and air quality. All these desirable
features have become a reality with recent advances in the technology of
mechanical and electrical systems. We can see for the building of Bangunan
Gunasama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, a new system, especially in terms of
ventilation system.
 Another that, we can identify the mechanical and electrical system during
the site visit conducted. Types of ventilation are being use depends on several
factors which contribute the building needs.

Bangunan Gunasama Pesekutuan also has a very regular system

maintenance, the Ambang Wira Sdn. Bhd who is responsible for ensuring
maintenance of all buildings in the intensive care and the best controlled. In the
other hand, we must take the accountability to those things that will influence on
the environment surrounded building. Although, a building that has highly
technology system for M & E systems, but the technology was too risky and
influences the big impact on the environment, the level of technology was still
below the level that is satisfactory for use by community and future generation.

9.0 DISCUSSION

We conduct the site survey to get more experiences and also lessons in
the class to make us more familiar with the mechanical and electrical system.
Most of the systems that we found in the Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan,
Batu Pahat are the latest. A few benefit from this site survey, we are exposed to
the real system, components and new function of air-conditioning.

For information, the function of Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan, Batu

Pahat is more to work center, where all people in government department
worked in this building. This is required the systematic ventilation to support the
big space. With the latest technology they used, it can save more electricity,
water, worth economically, efficiency and comfort. For example space for
meeting rooms will not be on the air supply when it in use for any function, so it
is more save for electricity.

The basic mechanical ventilation components we found is air handling unit

(AHU), water pump and chiller. The air supply is controlled mechanically and the
combination of three component are very important regardless the type of air
conditioning system. At the building’s wall have propeller fans to intake and
discharge condition of ventilation to giving direct in/out and out/in movement.
For ensure the air of good quality and sufficient more oxygen is present, the
water pump and chiller is located behind the building.

The main subject is how the building renovates to air-conditioning

ventilation, they have knowledge of integrated or holistic design principals is not
a limitation but another set of tools to produce efficient, healthy, and
aesthetically compelling architecture. Building with this approach operates more
efficiently, integrate effectively into their local environment, and tend to produce
spaces that are more pleasing to work and life.
The firefighting system at Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan, Batu pahat
include portable fire extinguisher, hydrogen extinguisher and alarm system.
There is no active fire protection systems such as dry pipe systems are widely
used in the process industries for protection of process plant, building and
warehouses. Fire-resistance rated door are another form of passive fire
protection that are used to prevent the spread of fire and the exposure of
adjacent equipment to thermal radiation.

Reference

1. MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN BUILDING, William K.Y Tao,

Richard R. Jasin. Second edition, 2001
2. http://www.neon-lighting.com/articles/Types%20of%20Lamps.htm
3. http://www.tpub.com/content/neets/14175/css/14175_106.htm
4. http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/circuit-breaker2.htm
5. http://www.faqs.org/patents/app/20080203827