Project Study on the Topic

“ORGANIZATIONAL STUDY”
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I thank GOD for giving me strength to finish this project successfully.

My sincere thanks to My Honourable Founder and Chairman, Dr. PACHAMUTHU, for his
sincere Endeavour in educating us in his premier institution.

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to our beloved Dean, for his help and encouragement in
successful completion of this project.

I wish to convey my thanks and gratitude to my Head of the Department, Dr. NAGESH,
Department of Master of Business Administration, for his support and by providing me ample
time to complete my project.

Indeed, I owe everything in this endeavour to my guide Mrs. GAYATHRI, whose illuminating
guidance helped me to complete my work successfully.

I wish to express my thanks to Mr. K.M. HAMEED SULTAN, The managing director of
MANNAN COTTON SPINNING MILL LTD, for providing me the opportunity to work in their
organisation.

I greatest gratitude to Mr. SHARFUDEEN, the DGM of industry who helped me as a guide in
training, educating me about the company and also for all the aspects of my project preparation
and I also express my thanks to all other members and staffs of the above company.

Last, but not the least, I thank once and all those who have rendered their assistance either
directly or indirectly in making this project a successful one.
ABSTRACT

This Report is about an Organizational Study, which is based on the Summer Internship
undergone by the student of MBA of SRM University. This report consists of practical exposure
and study about various aspects which are prevailing in an organisation. The study comprises
about all the departments activities and practical knowledge about the process, structure, culture,
key areas etc. The organizational study is done as a part of summer internship training
programme at Mannan Cotton Spinning Mill Pvt Ltd situated in Abiramam, Ramanathapuram
District. The study in this organisation mainly concentrates on all the aspects of Production and
operation and Marketing of the cotton yarns. This enables to understand the organisational
structure. To understand the functions of the key departments of the company. To understand the
process of all the departments of the organization To identify the major highlights in the
organizational study.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.No. CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
1.2 OBJECTIVES
1.3 NEED FOR THE STUDY
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.6 LIMITATIONS

CHAPTER 2 ORANISATION STRUCTURE

2.1 ABOUT THE COMPANY
2.2 OPERATIONS
2.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
2.4 ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

CHAPTER 3 OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSION

3.1 MAJOR OBSERVATIONS
3.2 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES
 CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

The glorious Indian industrial past was related with cotton and silk goods, jewels, embroideries
etc. After independence, large scale industries especially in consumer goods like cotton textiles, jute
and sugar had registered significant growth. Large scale industries are those which require huge capital
investment and long growing period.

Among all the subsectors of the textile industry, spinning is perhaps the most modernized
segment. Production in fiscal 2008-09 (April-March) was 3,049 million kg, of which 2,205 million kg
was pure cotton yarn and the rest was synthetics and blends, such as polyester/viscose; polyester/cotton
and spun acrylics. The industry exported about 540 million kg of cotton yarn and about 100 million kg
of blended yarn, which together works out to about a fifth of the total output.

The spinning industry grew at a very rapid pace in the first half of the nineties. Thereafter
growth slowed to some extent but through the nineties, India has installed nearly 15 million spindles.

Large scale industrial sector is one of those sector that paved the way for economic growth in a
country like India cotton industry is a major large scale industry and contributed one fifth or 20% of
the total industrial output of the country.

The cotton textile industry has three main divisions. They are:-

1) The mill industry producing yarn & cloths

2) The power loom factories producing clothes from mill made yarn

3) Widely dispersed handloom units producing cloth both from mill made and hand spun yarn.

The present study of an organization like MANNAN COTTON SPINNING MILL LTD,
one of the leading cotton spinning unit in Ramanathapuram District, is an eye opener to the various
obstacles being faced and the future prospect of industry.

1.2 OBJECTIVES
 The project apart from a brief overall review of the organization, referring the general
activities of both the managerial and non-managerial level of the organization. The main issue of
concern related to the practical difficulties and management practices carried out during the
entire process of the production of the product and also the organizational behavior towards
various issues arising during the production activities are concentrated in this study. The other
aspects of the study is enlisted below.

• To study in detail the entire structure and functioning of the company.

• To make an analysis of the organization’s performance.

• To know the Company Profile

• To understand how the key business process are carried out in organizations

• To understand about the functioning of each department in detail.

• To understand the extent to which management theory matches with actual practices.
1.3 NEED FOR THE STUDY

This study is basically focused on understanding the practical exposure in the industry and not
for data and information i.e. to experience the firsthand knowledge about how an organization is
being run.

• To identify and understand the practical work process followed in an organization.

• To understand various practical difficulties faced in an organization and how its solved in a
profitable manner.

• To study and prepare an organization chart of an organization and to understand the

functions of the organization at various departments at each level.

• To interact with the personnel’s and workers (both external & internal) to find if there are problems
with the process and record the findings.

• To undergo a brief study on the following management aspects :

  Production and Operation Management.

 Marketing of the product.

 Human Resource Management.

 Accounting and Finance Management.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Good Management Practices and Organizational Functionality is an important factor for

any Organization to achieve the desired goals and Objectives. This study allows to know about the
overall perspective and performance of COTTON SPINNING MILL Industries in India and a basic
practical study on MANNAN COTTON SPINNING MILL (P) LIMITED, ABIRAMAM,
RAMANATHAPURAM DIST.

As a part of MBA program at the end of 1st semester, I had to carry out a project on an
organization study in order to understand the organization structure and their functions. This create
a handful of opportunity to get the first hand information and understand the functioning of an
organization in the practical world.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

 In today’s world, business has become more and more competitive and the technology has
changed the nature of business and organization. This study analyses in detail about the functions of
different departments on the basis of which strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats are arrived
at. The findings of this study would give valuable information for improving the overall performance
of the organization.

1.6 LIMITATION

• The busy schedule of the department heads restricted the collection of detailed
information.
• Time to time company meetings also restricted the visit to several departments.
• The confidentiality restricted the collection of financial accounts.
• The information given by the persons may not be complete because of their busy
work schedules
 CHAPTER – 2

ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

2.1 ABOUT THE COMPANY

HISTORY OF THE MILL

Mill address

MANNAN COTTON SPINNING MILL LTD,

1, Veeracholan Road,

Abiramam,

Ramnathapuram District,

Pin: 623 601,

Date of Registration : 21.05.1995

Date of Commencement : 27.04.1997

Area of Operation : Tamil Nadu and others

Sanctioned Spindles : 30,000

Installed spindles : 11,000

Land area Covered : 0.10 acres

Authorized share Capital : 13.30 crores

MANNAN COTTON SPINNING MILL LTD, Ramanathapuram is one of the leading

mill which is manufacturing high quality of yarn, MANNAN COTTON SPINNING MILL LTD,
was promoted in 1997 by old Indian companies Act. which started cotton textile mill in each
south India. In the same year the company started many mill all over south Tamil Nadu.

1) Varatha Lakshmi Mill Ltd., - Manamadurai

2) Ayyappan textile Mill Ltd., - Ramnad

3) Asia cotton Mill Ltd., - Abiramam

In the recent years the MANNAN COTTON SPINNING MILL LTD., for itself in the textile
industry producing diversified various type of yarns.

At present the production capacities of the various mill are

Spindles Rotors

Mannan Cotton spinning mill ltd 11,000

Varatha Lakshmi mill ltd 31,832

Ayyappan Textile mill ltd 24,050 192

Asia cotton mill ltd 7,750

Total 62,932 192

 The company produces cotton carded and combed yarn as well as special yarn with
counts ranging from 16s to 100s, the company’s products are well received in the local as well as
international market. The company identified to meet the thrust area in 1987 and strengthened its
manufacturing facilities to meet the international quality requirements for exports. The
company’s export turnover which was Rs. 205 lakhs during 1986-87 has increased steeply over
the years to Rs. 2091 lakhs during the year 1991- 92. The company exports its products mainly
to U.K.,South Korea, Hong Kong, Italy etc.

ISO CERTIFICATION

Mannan cotton spinning mill (p) ltd has acquired ISO 9001:2002 certification for its produces a
system effective july 1997. Thus for further up gradation has now made the company to go for
higher quality.

PROJECT COST

A. Land Rs. 0.10

B. Building Rs. 2.82

C. Plant and Machinery Rs. 6.11

D. Electrical fittings Rs. 0.66

E. Furniture fittings Rs. 0.15

F. Office equipment Rs. 0.10

G. Vehicles Rs. 0.20

H. Others Rs. 2.00

I. Working Capital Rs. 1.16

Total Rs. 13.30 Crores

Main objective :
To give employment opportunity to Ramanathapuram (District) and to supply yarn to handloom
weavers at reasonable price.

This mill is produce thick, span yarn and open yarn, the mill products range 100% blended yarn.
This mill has manufacturing unit for the production of 40’s, 42’s, 60’s count cotton yarn.

FUTURE PLAN

The textile industry is picking up from the latest quarter of 2010 – 11 the company will be able
to show a better performance during the current year. They improve performance show the
company in next year.

1. Machine modernization.

2. Increasing production quality

3. Workers training program.

4. Own power generation planning

UNIT LAYOUT:
GUIDELINES:
1. Security Office

2. Godown 1 ( Raw Material )

3. Godown 2 ( Finished goods )

4. Mixing Station

5. Cleaning Station 1 ( Blowing and Carding )

6. Cleaning Station 2 ( Combing and Drawing )

7. Quality centre

8. Simplex Section

9. Cashier

10. Spinning Section

11. Reeling Section

12. Workers Rest Section

13. Canteen

14. Winding Section

15. Toilet

16. Packaging Section

COMPANY ACTIVITIES

This mill was started by Companies Act 1956 by the mill ltd., in order to give the
employment to rural areas. At present nearly 230 workers including permanent workers are
working in this mill. The main activities of this mill spinning of is yarn production. The mill is
purchasing raw material such as cotton, cotton fiber by taking the above raw materials as input
and produced cotton yarn. After taking production the mill is marketing its yarn of various
leading weaving center’s in India, like Mumbai, Karnataka, Ichalkranji, Bhiwandi and in
TamilNadu, Chennai and Rajapalayam.

LABOUR COMPONENTS

WORKERS:

a) Sanctioned strength : 200

b) Present : 123

c) Apprentice : 10

Total : 133

The actual requirement of the mill is 363 permanent workers for the full production. The
deficit of the workers is managed by appointing casual labors on daily wages. Now the
company has almost 170 casual labors on roll.

STAFF:

Technical staff :6

Clerical staff :4

General Manager :1
 Assistant spinning master :1

Manager :1

Total : 13

WORKER STRENGTH:

Shift Male Female Total

Day Shift 15 125 140

Half shift 45 - 45

Full Shift 45 - 45

Total 105 125 230

RECRUITMENT
The mill is being a sick industry; the company has banned direct recruitment, and
appointment of the officers. If the employees are divided into categories A, B, C & D. A & B are
managerial categories and C & D are workers and staff categories. The recruitment in these
categories is done through employment exchanges.

SELECTION
After recruitment, selection is done by ascertaining the qualifications of the candidate
with job requirements. The selection is conducted on the basis of

1. Interview

2. Medical examination

3. Appointment

After selection management will issue a memo, which is sent to the concerned candidate or
worker indicating his/her selection.
PLACEMENT
Placement is assigning appropriate job to candidates in the organization. After joining the
candidate must fill a bio-data from and an attestation from in his/her own handwriting. The time
keeper will collect the required data relating to the person on the date of joining and keep it on the
service record of the person.

INDUCTION
After placement, the employee is given an induction by which he or she is introduced to the
co-workers, supervisor and exposed to process of production pattern, discipline, standing orders etc
of the mills. Mill does not have a systematic implementation of induction program. The personnel
manager gives necessary instructions and guidelines regarding the work. After this the newly
appointed persons are guided by the head of the section.

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

Training and development becomes important as far as the growth of the company is
concerned. As the mill does not have a separate training department, this function is performed by
personnel and production departments.

WORKING HOURS
Adult workers are not permitted to work more than 9 hours in a day and 48 hours in a
week. Since there is absenteeism in the mill, workers are sometimes asked to work overtime. The
wage given would be the rate of twice his ordinary salary or rate of salary.

SHIFT TIMING

There are three shifts and general shifts for the workers STL. The timings of the shift are.

I. Shift : 7 a.m. to 3 p.m.

General Shift : 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.

II. Shift : 3 p.m. to 11 p.m.

III. Shift : 11 p.m. to 7 p.m.

HOLIDAYS
The workers are not allowed to work in the unit on the first day of week unless he has or
will have a holiday or one of the three days immediately before or after the day.

INTERVAL FOR REST

The period of work in the factory is fixed that no period shall exceed before he has an
interval for the rest of at least ½ hour.

PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT
No child who has not attained or completed his fourteen years is allowed to work in the
unit.

CANTEEN
The canteen provides employees with good food in a subsidized rate. The canteen is
managed by a co operative society. Registered as such, society may include in the charges to the
made food stuffs served as up to 5% on its working capital employed in the running of the canteen.
The charge per portion of the food stuff, beverage and any other item served in the canteen shall be
conspicuously displayed in the canteen.

SECURITY OFFICE
The smooth functioning of the mill has direct connection to the security of the company.
The main objective of the security in this mill is the protection of:
1. Personnel
2. Information
3. Materials
4. Attendance leaves
The mill is protected by a boundary wall, with a sigle entrance . the security office
is near the entrance with 24 hrs working condition. The security section consists of security
inspector and under him one head security guard and two security guard in shift.
The security office is responsible for the safety of the mill, its properties and raw materials and
finished goods. They also look after the transport of materials both inward & outward. They
verify the incoming materials with the bill similarly the outgoing. The vehicles and the materials
are controlled by pass system and checked clearly. Identity card is provided to the workers;
belongings are checked or searched while going out.
The security section has to keep certain records including:
• Goods movement in & out register.
• Vehicles movement in & out register
• Visitor’s resistors, which includes name, purpose of visit, time of visit.
2.2 OPERATIONS

Production department function directly under the factory manager. It consists of factory
engineering department and stores department.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS
PRODUCTION CHART
 i. MIXING
At the first stage of production process hand stock mixing is done. The bales are taken in
the ratio of 70:30, ie 70% polyester & 30% of cotton. The bales are arranged as layer by layer.
The process is done in a special room called mixing room, which is in a lower tempter than that
of the normal room temperature.

ii. BLOWING
The raw cotton received from the godown is opened and cleaned in the blow room to
remove its impurities. For this purpose machines named Trutzchler and Lekshmi Reiter’s are
installed, which mixes the cotton and is them converted into regular shells called lap by the blow
room machinery. A colour is added to identify the polyester failure.
Machines using here are BO-1200, MFC , MPM-8, ASTA-800, CVT1-1600, LVSA-B.
MPM-8 receives cotton from MFC at 100% and supplied to ASTA at 20%. The CVT1 Machine
runs at a speed of 690 rpm. The minimum speed is 570rpm and maximum is 1000rpm.

iii. CARDING
This process separates the cotton fibers from impurities and removed short and immature
fibers. The carding engine delivers cotton on a filling web which is collected together to form a
loose rope of fibers called ‘Silver’. These silver as a product is stored in cans. These silvers are
collected in coir cans. Carding machine used here is ‘Lekshmi Rieter . There are 35 semi high
production carding machines and 7 high production carding machines. Machines using here is
FBK-553, DK 800, KHL 600 and Lekshmi Rieter.

iv. COMBER
Objective of the comber is to remove short fibers, lambs and impurities present in card
silver. When the silver is passed through the comber machine, the short fibers are unmoved and
thus larger staple length can be obtained. Comber functions as to remove fiber hook and
parallelize the fiber, to bring about fiber to fiber separation and to remove short fibers.

v. DRAWING
The ‘silver’ lacks uniformity and so silvers are processed in the drawing frame. Here the
silvers are made uniform in thickness by doubling process and fiber gets drawn straightened by
drafting process. Hence both doubling process and drafting process are taken places. Doubling is
done to improve the uniformity of the fiber, parallelization of the fiber is achieved through
drafting ie, without breaking continuity.
Silver from carding are stretched or down in states by passing them through a drawing
frame. Eight carding silvers are converted into one silver through the drawing frame, and it is
narrower in which fiber have been blended and aligned more closely. Lekshmi Rieter model no
Do63 and Trutzchler, model No. HSR 1000 etc are used here as drawing machines. There are six
such machines.

vi. SIMPLEX
The level of ‘Silver’ determines the quantity of the yarn spin. The silver drawn from the
drawing departments are to be thinned out into a bobbin to suit the yarn to the spin. The process
of converting the silvers is done in the fry frame department. Simplex machines used are model
JINGWEI, JWF-146. The product here is called Rover and it is passed to spinning section.

vii. SPINNING
Spinning frames convert the roving received from simplex machine into yarn of received
count. Here each bowan is converted into 8 corps. Each of the bowan has 2kg. Spinning frame
need24000wts power for working. 29 spinning machines are working in this section and 51
workers at day shift. Spindle capacity of the present machine is 864.

viii. REELING MACHINE

The yarn prepared by the reeling machine is called hank yarn. The hank yarn is for
handlooms only.

ix. WINDING MACHINES

There are eight machines and all are the automatic ones. The machines are known as
autocones.. Each machines have the capacity to produce 120. The machines used are from
Textool and Brad corner. Machines from Brad corner have the speed of 640ypm. Minimum is 80
and maximum is 720ypm. Autoconer machine have the speed of 1050ypm.

x. PACKING
Cones are packed by using polythene bags of 50 in number and stitched with grows
weight 52 Kg and net weight 50Kg. The product is known by the brand name ’Mohini warp’
100% cotton yarn and has its market mainly in Maharashtra at present.
QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT
There is a statistical quality control department to check the quality of the yarn.
The quality policy of the company reads:-
“To manufacture and supply yarn in conformity with agreed specifications maintaining delivery
schedule to the full satisfaction to its customers.”
The company aims at continual improvement of quality of yarn.
The measures adopted are:-
• By adhering to an effective quality management system.
• By creating awareness among all the employees about the importance of quality
measurement system.
• By creating most congenial and healthy working environment.
The quality department supervises the quality from the blow room to the winding section.
The quality department in order to maintain the quality of cotton which is in bale form, conducts
certain tests:-
• The test to find out sample length
• Strength test
• Fiber fitness test.

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
It is under the production department. It has two section, a workshop and a power house.
An Assist Engineer is the in charge of the department.
The workshop undertakes all the maintaince functions and installations of machinery.
The breakdown of the machines is prevented to an extent through preventive maintaince.
In this section, there are 11 workers, 5 workers in general shifts and 6 workers in each of the
three shifts.
The Electrical Section include a generator. The Electrical section looks after the power
requirement of the mill. Electricity is obtained from KSEB. There is a separate transformer of
good capacity inside the mill for this purpose. The power supply of the entire mill is regulated by
this department. Also a stand by generating set of capacity is installed and maintained by
department
 STORES
The company maintains a store which has a storekeeper who is in charge and under him
there is a Senior assistant and a Junior asst. The store makes use of the bin card system. A code
number is provided for each material. The records are maintained on the basis of Weighted
average method.

The receipt procedure of the stores is as follows:-

1. An indent is prepared by the concerned departments and sent to the stores.
2. After collecting the indents quotations of lowest rate are accepted by a committee
consisting of General Managers, Account managers, and Asst Engineer.
3. after accepting the tenders, purchasing orders are send to concerning parties.
4. Received goods are inspected by concerned departments which are certified by
storekeeper on Good Receipt Inspection Report.
5. There are also some central stores purchase items which are purchased through the
head office.

MARKETING AND SALES DEPARTMENT

Marketing consists of the strategies and tactics used to identify, create and maintain satisfying
relationships with customers that result in the value for both the customer and the marketer. Every
organization aims to promote its products among the wholesalers through substantial sales orders.

Yarn, which is produced by the mill, is sold through whole sales. The sale is carried out to a
sister concern of the company named as SWATI COTTONS PVT LTD, MAHARASTRA who act as
the main dealer for the cotton yarns produced by the company. SWATI COTTONS PVT LTD carries
out the local sale and export of the goods for the company. Some direct purchases are also being carried
out in the company. If any private parties are interested to buy the yarn for the price specified, that is
informed to the head office and after getting their suggestion to the sales could be made.

The mill is under the loss for the past six years as that of the other competitors. The textile
industry itself is ailing due to the current and trend of high raw material price and considerably low
price for the finished products. A policy that could be implemented for the profit making is to increase
export.

SALES POLICY

The success and failure of a business depends upon its various sales polices for the selling
operation. The market division gives information regarding the design of various policies. Now at
present the company has no policy.

COMPETITORS

The mill is facing a high competition in the market. The product of the mill lost its market
due to poor quality. Some of the competitors are:-

1. Muragan Mills, Coimbatore

2. Kannur Spinnig mill, Kannur

3. Alagappa textiles mills, Trichy

4. Kerala Leksmi mill, Trichy

2.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

MANNAN COTTON SPINNIG MILL PVT LTD produces thick yarns of two types which are as
follows

1. Span yarn.

2. Open yarn.

The mill products range 100% blended yarn.

This manufacturing unit produces yarns which acts as a fine raw material for Textile industries
for the production of clothing materials.

The yarn types varies according to the requirement of the buyer and the type of cloth to be
produced.

The type of yarn is described as count which is the increase in count gradually increases the
softness of the garments to be manufactured in Textile industry.

The various types of counts manufactured are as follows:

• 40’s count cotton yarn.

• 42’s count cotton yarn.

• 60’s count cotton yarn.

2.4 ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

The management system of the organization is well organized and divided into various
departments as enlisted below.
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE
 CHAPTER – 3

OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSION

3.1 MAJOR OBSERVATIONS

The following are the major observations made from the organizational study.
• The company has a strong management team which greatly influences the improved
performance of the organization over the years.

• The organization mainly suffers a drastic dropped down of its production activity on two
aspects,
o Scarcity of labor availability.
o Fluctuation in power supply.

• The major problem is the labor availability which has gone down drastically over the past
5 years which is due to the Governments scheme on 100days working which has drawn
majority of the labor population which in turn reduced the work force availability for the
production process.

• The second most problem faced by the organization is the unstable and fluctuating power
supply in that region. Power acts as the main source of a production process. The
fluctuating power supply has decreased the production capacity of organization which
makes it unsuitable to fulfill the companies per day production requirement.

• These problems have caused the company to reduce its work shifts from 3 shift per day to
2 shift per day.
3.2 CONCLUSION

The organizational study under taken gives an insight in to the function of the MANNAN
COTTON SPINNING MILL. The structure of the mill is well planned and organized. The
management is having a good control in the day to day functioning of the company. However it is
not in position to control the workers absenteeism. Due to various reason there is more of labor
problem due to the 100 days work scheme by the state government which affects greatly on the
production capacity of the company. And also the fluctuation of power supply greatly affects the
production process. The modernization program of introducing automated machineries and power
generators will be an answer to these problems.

The financial position is also not sound due to the loss incurring by the mill. The
modernization programme will be an answer to this problem also to some extent, the quality
improvement if undertaken will boost the export and their by improve the financial position.

The study has helped extensively to understand the various function and problem being faced
by a manufacturing company.
REFERENCES

BOOKS:

1. Article: India today: The spinning industry, September 1, 2000

2. Principles of Yarn Production, Burkhard Wulfhorst, Thomas Gries.
3. Selecting Cotton Bales by Spinning Consistency Index, Abhijt Majumdar, Prabal Kumar.
4. Human Resource Management, K. Aswathappa, Himalaya Publication, 2003.
5. Marketing Management, by Philip Kotler, 13th Revised Edition, Pearson Education.
6. Production and Operation Management, : K.Aswathappa and K.Shridhara Bhat

WEB:

1. http://www.textileinfo.com
2. http://yarnspinning.co.cc
3. http://www.nuspin.nustreet.com
4. http://cotcorp.gov.in/production.asp
5. http://www.hinduonnet.com/businessline/iw/2001/01/28/stories/0528e051.htm
6. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/shortagequality-cotton-revisits-yarn-
industry/219276/
7. www.fibre2fashion.com/news/textile-news/index.aspx