http://vhp.

org hn-e
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2010 HIvtSm-_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 1186 Xpemw

1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz- 43
 Cu e°-Øn¬......
""{]hr≤w Imcy-aev]w hm tbm \cx I¿Øp-an-—Xn
k¿hm-cw-t`W XXvImcyw knwlm-tZIw {]N-£tX''
hep-Xm-bmepw sNdp-Xm-bmepw Hcp Imcyw sNøm≥ C—n-®m¬ k¿h-b-Xv\-tØm-Sp-IqSn
k\m-X-\ -kmw-kvIm-cnI amknI AXp sNø-Ww. Cu KpWw knwl-Øn¬\n∂p ]Tn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

]pkvXIw 22, e°w 7

5 8
1186 Xpemw
2010 HIvtSm-_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿
Bizn\w ˛ Im¿ØnIw aqImw-_n-Ib
- n-te-°p≈
(1932) hgn
P∑-ÿm-\ns‚ AwKo-Imcw A°nØw
{]km-[I≥
]n.-Fkv.- Im-in-hn-iz-\m-Y≥-
4 tZho-kX
v hw
]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn {io\m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp-tZ-h≥
sI.-hn. aZ-\≥
IpΩ\w cmP-ti-J-c≥ 12 Zsse-em-a-bpsS samgn-Iƒ
ImeSn aWn-I-WvT≥ 18 lcn-Nµ
- \w
tUm. sI. Ac-hn-µm-£≥ A∏≥ Xt®Øv
(apJy]{Xm[n-]¿) 19 ta[m-kq‡w
sI. kp\ojv cmPp ]q™m¿
(]-{Xm-[n-]¿) Irjn
27
D]tZiIkan-Xn- ]n.-B¿. \mY≥
BNm-cy- \tc{µ`q-j¨-
am-Sºv- Ip-™p-Ip-´≥
22 29
]n.- \m-cm-bW°p-dp-∏v
Fkv. cta-i≥\m-b¿
sI.]n. iin-Ie aIvtemUvK©nse hnkvab
- n-∏n-°p∂
Imcym-ebw hnjm-Zt- a-Lß
- ƒ inem-in-e]
v ß- ƒ
lnµp-hniz sI. _n. {]k-∂-Ip-am¿ kzman kZv`-hm-\µ
lnµpkmwkvIm-cn-I-tI{µw
Ieq¿,- sIm-®n-˛682 017
ÿncw ]w‡n-Iƒ
tIcfw
t^m¨- : 0484˛2539322
^m-Iv-kv- : 0484˛2539322 4 bPp¿thZw ˛ kpt_m-[n-\o-`mjyw
cmPp ]q™m¿
hinduvishwa.malayalam@gmail.com
35 kn.-]n.-FΩpw atX-X-c-Xzhpw
]c-ky-hn-`mKw \mtSmSn
F.-_n. taml-\≥ 1186 Xpemamkw Fßs\?
36
t^m¨- : 9 6 4 5 1 6 76 4 3 \oe-a\ IrjvW≥ \ºq-Xncn

1186ln-Xpemw [¿-tΩm- c£Xn- c£n-Xx-

hniz- µp-]-cn-jØv {]kn-≤o-I-cWw
ln-µp-hn-iz- 3
 I∂n 31\v hnP-b-Z-ian
tZho-kvXhw
{io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-tZ-h≥
Xncp-ta\n \n∂-h-b-h-ß-fq-gn∂p ap≥
samgn-bp-∂-sX∂n ap\n-Iƒ°p-sa-∂w-_ntI!
Ign-hn√sbm-∂p-a-Xp-sIms≠\n-°n∂p\n≥˛
samgn h∂p au\-\n-e-bmbv apg-ßp-∂nXm.
CXp-sIm≠p I≠-Xn-sem-cpØn \osb∂pao
aXn-a-fi-e-sØmSp adpØp as‰m-∂nepw
IpXn-sIm≠p NmSn-h-e-bmsX I≠ßp \n≥˛
]Z-Xm-c-SpØp ]Z-aq∂n s]m∂n≥I\n!
IWn-Im-Wpan°\-I-tamSp Im¿thWn a¨˛
]Wn Im\¬\ocp\nI-sc∂p ]mSp-∂nXm
]nWn-bm-dp-amdp ]ncn-bmsX t]Wp∂ \n≥˛
aWn-ta\nX∂n-e-W-bp-∂-Xn-∂-Xp \o.
[p\n-Nq-Sp-aø\p XpWbv°p tXm∂p∂ \o
ap\n-auenX∂n-se-gp-∂≈n aqfp-∂Xpw
4 ln-µp-hn-iz-
]\n-bp-≠nSpw IranXpSßn as‰ms° \n˛
∂n\-sa-∂Xpw \ne-bn-eqXn \n∂oSp \o.
CS-bn-s√-\n-°n-S-bn-en∂p ImWp-s∂mcn ˛
s∏mSn-I≠p aqSpapS-en∂p s]m∂w-_ntI!
XS-hn-√-sbm-∂p-a-Xp-sIm-s≠-\n-°n∂p \n˛
∂p-S-sem∂pX∂n\nbp-aqXp amWn-Iyta!
IacpwsNhn-°p-a-Xp-a√ IÆn-∂p-sXm˛
´pacp-∂-Xn-∂p-samcp auen-sbs∂√ \o
Aacw Xpg-™-Xn-en-cp-∂p-b¿∂ßph˛
∂acp∂-Xn-∂-cp-fp- am-acp-Xn-∂nbpw.
C\n \ns‚ auenbn-segp∂nSpw ]q\nem˛
hn\p-a-ßp-\n∂p hnf-bp∂ shÆo-dn\pw
I\-en∂p \ocn\p aW-Øns\-∂√ \n˛
∂n\-anßp I≠-XXn-s\m-s°bpw ssIsXm-gmw.
sXmgp-sa-s∂-bßphnfnbnßp\n∂m-gn-bn¬
Xpg-bp-s∂-\n°p XpWbn√ \osb-∂ntb
Ag-en-¶-en´ sagp-I-√ s\sø∑\w
Ipg-bp-∂n-Xßp Ipg-eq-Xp- Im¿sIm-≠te!
Ae s]mßnh∂p \pcX≈n-bp-≈m-gn-\n˛
∂e-bp∂p s]¨Ip-Xn-c-b√n a√n∂p \o
\nes]‰p-\n-∂nXp \pdp°n \ocmSp \o˛
ce-bp-∂-Xn√ XW-se-∂-dn-™Xp \o.
CXp ]Yy-hr-Ø-an-S-cn√ ]mSp-∂-h¿˛
°nXn-\n∂p \n∂-Sn-sb-SpØpX∂oSp \o.
...........................................................................
........................................................................... ¯
1186 Xpemw
 apJ-{]-kwKw

P∑-ÿm-\ns‚
AwKo-Imcw
Atbm-≤y-bnse {iocm-a-P-∑-ÿm-\-Øns‚ DS-a-ÿm-h-Imiw
kw_-‘n® tIkn¬ Ae-l-_mZv sslt°m-S-Xn-bpsS aq∂w-K-_©v
\S-Ønb hn[n-{]-kvXm-h\ sslµ-hk - w-LS- \
- I
- ƒ Ime-ßf
- mbn apdp-
sI-∏n-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Nne XXz-ß-fpsS AwKo-Im-c-am-Wv. AXv
cma-P-∑-ÿm-\-am-Wv. AhnsS kvYnXn-sN-øp∂ cma-e√mhn{Klw
\q‰m-≠p-I-tfmfw ]g-°-ap≈ AtX hn{K-l-am-Wv. P∑-ÿm-\sØ
hn{Klw Hcn-S-tØ°pw amt‰-≠-Xn-√. `mc-X-Ønepw, temI-Øn-se-
ßp-ap≈ lnµp-°-fpsS A`n-am-\-Øn-s‚ {]Xo-I-am-Wv cma-t£-{Xw.
1895 apX¬ cma-P-∑-`qanÿm\-Øn-\p-th≠n \nc-¥cw \nb-a-t]m-cm´w
\SØns°m- ≠ n- c n- ° p∂ \n¿tamln AJm- U °v t£{X- Ø n\pw
t£{X-tZ-h-Xbpambn At`-Zy-_-‘-am-Wp-≈-Xv. 1528¬ _m_-dns‚
tk\m- [ n- ] ≥ ao¿_mIvJn Xm°¿kn- b psS t\Xr- X z- Ø n¬
apKƒssk\yw t£{Xw ssItbdn XI¿°p-∂-Xp-h-tc°pw P∑-ÿm≥
t£{Xw Bÿm-\-ambn {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ _m_m iymam-\-µ-Kp-cp-
hns‚ ]c-º-c-bmWv \n¿tamln AJm-U. A{I-an-Iƒ t£{Xw
ssItb-dn-b-t∏mƒ hn{K-lsØ c£n-°m≥ Poh-XymKw sNbvX-bm-
fm-Wv iyma-em¬. Cu XymK-Øn-\p≈ AwKo-Im-c-ambn thWw P∑-
ÿm-\-Øns‚ aq∂n-sem-cp-`mKw `qan AJm-Ubv°v \¬Im-\p≈
tImSXnhn[nsb IW-°m-°m≥.
P∑-ÿm-\Øv cma-t£{Xw \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xns‚ t]cn¬ ap…nwkap-Zm-b-
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz- 5
Øns‚ a\ v {hW-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ cmjv{S-Øn-\p≈
_m≤yX kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv aq∂n-sem-cp-`mKw `qan
kp∂n hJ^v t_m¿Un\v \¬Im- \ p≈ hn[n.
ChnsS Bcp Pbn-®p-sh-∂-X√, Bcpw tXm¬°m-Xn-
cn-°p-hm-\mWv tImSXn {i≤n-®-Xv.
lnµp-hn-`m-K-Øn¬\n∂pw ImWn-°p∂ Cu hnim-e-
a- \ x- ÿ nXn \q‰m- ≠ p- I - f mbn ap…nw kap- Z m- b -
Øn¬\n∂pw D≠mhm- Ø - X p- s Im- ≠ mWv lnµp-
°ƒ°v C{Xbpw Imew Atbm-≤y°pth≠n s]mcp-
tX-≠n-h-∂-Xv. ChnsS cma-`-‡-cpsS Ah-Im-i-߃
]p\x-ÿm-]n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv tImS-Xn-hn-[n. Cu hn[n°v
Zqc-hym-]-I-amb ^e-ß-fp-≠v. `mc-X-Ønse 3000¬
A[nIw t£{X- ß ƒ C∂v A\y- a - X - ÿ - c psS
ssIbn-em-Wv. B t£{X-ß-sf√mw CtX-t]m-se-
Xs∂ hos≠-Sp-°m-\m-hp-sa-∂pw. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw
lnµp-hn\v AXn-\p≈ Ah-Im-i-ap-s≠∂pw Cu hn[n
kqN\ \¬Ip-∂p. hniz-ln-µp-]-cn-jØpw k\ym-kn-
amcpw Atbm-≤y, Imin, aYpc F∂o ]pWy-ÿm-\-
߃°pth≠n {]kvXp 3000 t£{X-ßfpw hn´p-
\¬Im≥ Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ ap…nwkap-Zmbw
AXn\v Xøm- d m- b n- c p- ∂ n- √ . C∂sØ Cu hn[n
{]kvXm-h\ 3000 Hmfw t£{X-ßfpw IqSn hos≠-
Sp-°-W-sa-∂p-≈-Xns‚ AwKo-Im-c-am-tWm-sb∂pw
Nn¥n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
cmPysØ lnµp-˛-ap…nw hn`m-K-ßsf XΩn-e-Sn-∏n®v
apX-se-Sp∏v \S-Øp-hm-\p≈ Nne I]-S-a-tX-X-c-hn-`m-
K-ß-fpsS KqV-Xm-ev]-cy-߃t°‰ I\Ø BLm-
X-hp-amWv Cu tImS-Xn-hn-[n.
6 ln-µp-hn-iz-
hn[n- s °- X nsc kp{]ow- t Im- S - X n- b n¬ A∏o¬
t]mIp-sa∂v kp∂n hJ^v t_m¿Uv {]kvXm-hn-®p-
I-gn-™p. P∑-ÿm≥ `qan-bpsS X¿°w D-∂-bn-°-
s∏´ 1948-˛49se Ah-ÿ-b√ 2010 teXv. t£{X-k-
ap-®bw \n¬°p∂ B {]tZiw k\ym-kn-am-cpsS
kwL-S-\-bmb cma-P-∑-`qan \ymkv hne-sIm-SpØp
hmßn-b-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ {]kvXpX `qan ap…o-
߃°v Ah-Im-is∏-´-Xmbn {]Jym-]n-°m-\m-hn-√.
Kh¿sa‚n\v thW-sa-¶n¬ Hcp {]tXyI kml-N-
cy-Øn¬ \nb-a-\n¿ΩmWw hgntbm Hm¿Un-\≥kp
hgntbm {]kvXp-X -`qan IøS°phm≥ km[n-t®-°pw.
F∂m¬ AXn-\p≈ kml-Ncyw Atbm-≤y-bn¬
\ne-hn-ept≠m? cmPy-Øns‚ ]e-`m-KØpw cma-P-∑-
`qan t£{Xw NqSp≈ N¿®m- h n- j - b - a m- h p- t ºmƒ
Atbm-≤y-bnse P\-߃°v AsXmcp {]iv\-ta-b-
√ F∂v AhnsS kµ¿in-°p∂ GsXm-cmfpw kΩ-
Xn- ° pw. Atbm- ≤ y°v ]pd- Ø p- ≈ h¿ Atbm- ≤ y-
bnse `qan-sb-°p-dn®v D≠m-°p∂ kwL¿j-߃
k¿°m-cn\v `qan-tb-s‰-Sp-°p-hm≥ aXn-bmb Imc-W-
am-hp-∂pt≠m?
Atbm-≤y-bn¬ kwL¿j-an-√m-ØXv AXv {iocm-
a-P-∑-ÿm\w Xs∂-bm-sW∂v lnµp-°fpw ap…n-ß-
fpw Hcpt]mse AwKo- I - c n- ° p- ∂ - X p- s Im- ≠ m- W v .
AhnsS {iocm-a-t£{Xw ]Wn-b-W-sa∂v Atbm-≤y-
bnse k\ym-kn-am¿°v A{K-l-an-s√∂v B¿°pw ]d-
bm-\m-hn-√. Ahn-SpsØ ap…n-߃°m-Is´ cma-P-∑-
ÿm- \ Øv ]≈n- ]- W n- X m¬ t£{X- h p- a mbn
_‘s∏´ Ah-cpsS I®-hSw apgp-h≥ \jvSs∏Sp-
sa∂p am{X-a-√, D≠m-Im≥ t]mIp∂ `hn-jy-Øp-
1186 Xpemw
°sf°pdn®pw `b-ap-≠v. am{X-a-√, Atbm-≤y-sb
kw_-‘n® kI-e-tc-J-I-fnepw AXv "P∑-ÿm≥'
X-s∂-bm-Wv. Ahn-SsØ dbn¬th-tÃ-js‚ t]cv
P∑-ÿm≥ dbn¬th-tÃ-j≥ F∂m-Wv. 1986 ¬ P∑-
ÿm≥{]iv\w kwL¿jm-h-ÿ-bn-te°v \oßp-∂-
Xp-hsc "P∑-ÿm≥tamkvIv' F∂mWv ap…n߃
t]mepw ]d-™n-cp-∂-Xv. _m_-dn-a-kvPnZv F∂ hm°v
AXp-h-tc°pw \nL-≠p-hn¬ Xs∂ C√m-bn-cp-∂p.
1992 ¬ X¿°-s°-´nSw XI¿∂phogp-∂-Xp-h-tc°pw
AXn-\-IØv D≠m-bn-cp∂ ]e ine-Ifpw t£{X-
Øns‚ Ah-in-„-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. {iocm-as‚ ]mZ-
kv]¿ita‰ "cma-O-_q{X' (cma-]m-Zw) bpsS Ncn-{X-
h-kvXpX ap…n߃ t]mepw \ntj-[n-®n-cp-∂n-√.
X¿°-s°-´n-S-Øns‚ ÿm\Øv ]pcm-h-kvXp-J-\\w
\SØn B¿°n-tbm-f-Pn-°¬ k¿th Hm^v C¥y
(AXns‚ Ub-d-Œ¿ apl-ΩZv F∂-bm-fm-bn-cp-∂p)
bpsS ]cy-th£WØn¬ In´nb -A-h-in-„-߃
Hmtcm-∂pw \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]g-°-ap≈ t£{Xm-h-in-„-
߃ Bbn-cp∂p F∂v hy‡w. atX-X-cXz∏\n aqØv
Chn-SsØ A[n-Imcnh¿Khpw ap…nw{]oW\w Ipe-
sØm-gn-em-°nb atX-XcI£n-Ifpw I]-S-a-tXXcam-
[y-a-ßfpw Fs¥ms° ]pe-ºn-bmepw t£{X-Øn-
s‚X√mØ Hcp Ah-in-„hpw X¬ÿm-\-Øp-\n∂v
In´n-bn-´n-s√∂ bmYm¿∞yw \ap°v ap∂n-ent√?
`mc- X - Ø nse apgp- h ≥ P\- X °pw ss]XrI-
kzØmWv cma\pw cmam-b-Whpw cma-\m-ahpw cma-P-
∑-ÿm-\hpw. Cu cmPysØ \nc-£-c-cmb apXp-ap-
Ø-»namcpsS hsc k¶ev]km£m-XvIm-c-amWv cma-
P-∑-ÿm≥ t£{Xw. aYp-c-bnepw Imin-bnepw cmta-
iz- c Øpw Xncp- ∏ - X n- b nepw Kpcp- h m- b q- c nepw
h∂pIqSp∂ P\- k - © bw C∂v Atbm- ≤ ybn¬
Bcm- [ - \ - ° mbn FØm- Ø - X v , AhnSwapgp- h ≥
ssk\y- s Ø- s °m≠v \nd- ® n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X n- \ m- e m- W v .
Xm¬°m-en-I-t£-{X-Øn-\-IØv \ntXy\ ]qPbpw
A`n-tj-Ihpw \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ _lp-Zqsc
\n∂v cmas\ Z¿in®v kmbq-Py-aS- ™v aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip∂-
h-cmWv km[m-cW P\-߃. F¥p-hn-e-sIm-SpØpw
{]kvXpX ÿe-Øn¬ IS-∂p-sN∂v cmas\ Z¿in-
°m≥ Ah¿ FSpØpNmSmØXv C∂-s√-¶n¬ \msf
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
AXv t£{X-ambn Db-cp-sa∂ ]q¿W-hn-izm-k-hp-ap-
≈-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. k¿-°m¿ Xs∂ t\cn´p \nban®v
iºfw sImSp-°p∂ ]qPm-cn-am¿ I¿Ω-߃ \S-
Øns°m- ≠ n- c n°p∂ {iocm- a - h n- { Klw P∑- ÿ m-
\Øp\n∂v am‰n as‰m-cn-SØv {]Xn-jvTn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv
B¿°mWv k¶-ev]n-°m-\m-hp-I? k¿°m¿ _ew
{]tbm-Kn®v am‰m≥ apXn¿∂m¬ Xs∂ cma-`-‡¿
t\m°n-\n-ev°ptam?
cma- P - ∑ - ÿ m- \ sØ t£{Xw \o°w sNbv X v
AhnsS ]≈n ÿm]n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Atbm-≤y-
bn- s e- s b- ∂ √ Cu cmPysØ apgp- h ≥ lnµp-
°sfbpw A]- a m- \ n- ° - e m- b n- c n°pw AXv . Cu
cmPysØ lnµp˛-ap…nw kulrZw XI¿°p∂ coXn-
bn¬ lnµp-a-\- p-Isf apdn-th¬∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cn°pw
AXn-s‚ ^ew. Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ `mc-X-Ønse lnµp-
°ƒ°v , ap…nw Xo{h- h mZ{]h¿- Ø - \ - ß ƒ aqew
km[m-cW ap…n-ß-sf-t∏mepw kwi-b-am-Wv. \yq\-
]-£-{]o-W-\-Øns‚ t]cn¬ l÷v bm{Xn-I¿°v
\¬I-s∏-Sp∂ k_vkn-Un-Ifpw a{Z- -Iƒ \ho-I-cn-
°p-∂-Xn\v \¬Ip∂ hºn® {Km‚pw ap-≈-am¿°pw
ap‡n-am¿°pw \¬Ip∂ k¿°m¿ iº-fhpw \yq\-
]-£-hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ°v \¬Ip∂ kvtImf¿jn-∏p-
Ifpw sXmgn¬kwh-c-W-ßfpw F√mw `qcn-]£kap-
Zm-b-sa∂ H‰-°m-c-W-Øn¬ X߃°p \ntj-[n-°-
s∏-Sp-∂Xv lnµp-°ƒ a\- n-em-°pw. Ah-cpsS {]Xn-
tj[hnImcw Nh-®n-d-°p-∂-h-cmWv lnµp-°ƒ. C\n-
bn-t∏mƒ B hnIm-c-am-Ip∂ shSn-a-cp-∂n\v Xo sImfp-
Øm≥ ]cym-]vX-amb Hcp \S-]-Sn°pw A[n-Im-cn-I-
h¿Ktam cmjv{So-bt- \-Xr-Xztam apXn-cm-Xn-cn-°p-Ib
- t√
\√-Xv?
Imd¬am¿Ivkv P\n-®-sX∂p hniz-kn-°s∏Sp∂
Bkv{Sn-b-bnse {Sb¿ F∂ ÿeØv IΩyq-WnÃv
]m¿´n 20 e£w ]h≥ sImSpØp 1987 ¬ hmßnb
sI´nS-Øn-\-IØv "]ªnIv tSmbvet‰m' hnZym-`ym-k-
tI-{µtam H∂p-a-√ am¿Ivkns‚ Xs∂ Hm¿Ω°v
th≠n- b p≈ ayqkn- b - a mWv ]Wn- X n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X v .
tbiphpw apl-ΩZpw P\n® ÿe-ß-fn¬ Ah-c-h-
cpsS tZhm-e-b-ß-fmWv \n¬°p-∂-Xv. {iocm-a-t\m-Sp-
am{Xw thdn-s´mcp at\m-`m-h-Øn\v Imc-W-sa-¥mWv?
Chn-SsØ I]-S-a-tX-XcI£n-Iƒ DØcw ]d-b-Ww.
C\n-bn-t∏mƒ c≠p hn`m-K-sØbpw {]oWn-∏n-
°p∂ \n¿t±-i-amWv Aº-ehpw ]≈nbpw Hcp-an®p
tN¿∂p \n¬°p∂ kap-®-bw. lnµp-°ƒ hne-sIm-
SpØp hmßn-b ÿeØv Ah¿s°mcp Aºew
]Wn-bm≥ AXn-t\m-sSm∏w Hcp ap…nw]≈n-IqSn
h®mte km[n-°q F∂m-sW-¶n¬ AsXhn-SsØ
\ymb-am-Wv? Fhn-SsØ \oXn-bm-Wv? {iocm-a-P-∑-
ÿm-\sØ t£{Xw XI¿Øv _m_-dpsS A{I-a-
(t]Pv 36¬ XpS-cpw..)
7
 A°nØw
Rm≥ Ihn-bmtWm? AsX-\n-°
-dn-™pIqSm. F∂m¬ BWv F∂v Bsc-¶nepw ]d-
bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXn-\p-Im-cWw aqImw-_nI-bpsS
A\p-{K-l-amWv F∂p ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. 1926¬
sImSp-ß-√q¿ `c-Wn-Zn-h-k-ambn-cp∂p P\-\w.
C√sØ {ioe-I-Øn-cn-°p∂ h\-Zp¿Ksb ]qPn-°p-
tºmgpw aqImw-_n-Isb ]qPn-°p-I-bm-sW∂
tXm∂-ep-≠m-Im-dp-≠v.
""k¿h-aw-K-e-aw-Ktey
inth k¿∆m¿∞-km-[n-tI,
ictWy {Xyw_tI Kuco,
\mcm-bWn \tam-kvXptX!''
Gg-c-h-b- n¬ IhnX Fs¥∂ t_m[-an-
8 ln-µp-hn-iz-
√msX Fgp-Xnb Ihn-X-bnepw Cuiz-c-t_m-[-ap-≠v.
""Aº-e-ß-fn-eo-hÆw Xpºn-√msX hc-°p-
In¬
hº-\m-ao-iz-c≥ h∂n-s´-ºmSpw \mi-am-
°oSpw''.
]s£, aW-enepw t…‰nepw Nph-cnepw Nn{Xw
hc-°p∂ ioe-amWv ssii-h-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
{ItaW CS-bv°nsS Ihn-Xbpw Fgp-Xm-\n-S-h-∂p.
A£-c-t«m-I-°ºw ImcWw t«mI-߃, BZyw
Kpcp-hm-bq-c-∏-s\-∏-‰n, ]ns∂ \mS-Iw, Ihn-X, teJ-
\w, ]m´v F√mw Fgp-Xn. Aßs\ ]{¥-≠p-h-b-
 mb Ime-ØmWv alm-Ihn h≈-tØm-fns‚
jjvSn-]q¿Øn tIc-f-Øn-e-tßm-f-an-tßmfw
1186 Xpemw
sIm≠m-Sn-b-Xv. AsXs∂
Aº-c-∏n®p. h≈-tØm-ƒ-°-
hnX [mcmfw hmbn®p ]Xn-
Ωq∂mw hb- n¬ tai-h-en-
∏n¬ Hcp {]m¿∞\ Ipdn-®p-
h-®p. _men-iw.
hnUvVnØw. F¶nepw AXp-
≠mbn F∂ kXyw ChnsS
Ipdn-®n-SmsX hø. h≈-tØm-
fn-s\-t∏mse Hcp Ihn-bm-h-
Ww. Fs∂ Aßs\ B°n-
Øo¿°-Wta F∂v aqImw-
_n-I-tbmSv {]m¿∞n-°p-I-
bmWv B Ipdn-∏n¬ sNbvX-
Xv.-AXv kw`-hn-®m¬ Hcp
IpS∂ sh≈n-bp-dp-∏nI
aqImw-_n-I-bn¬ hgn-]mSv
sNøm\pw Fs∂ {]m]vX-\m-
°Ww F∂pw {]m¿∞-\-
bn¬ Fgp-Xn.
Ipd-®p-I-gn-™-t∏mƒ B IS-em- nse "h≈-
tØm-fn-s\-t∏mse'†F∂ hm°v sh´n-°-f-™p.
AXv B alm-I-hn-tbmSv sNøp∂ Hc\o-Xn-
bmsW∂ t_m[-amWv sh´n-°-f-bm≥ t{]cn-∏n-®-
Xv. h≈-tØm-sf-hnsS! Rms\-hnsS!
H
~ cp hb v apX¬ ]Xn-aq∂p hb- p-hsc
P∑-Kr-l-Øn-\-Sp-Øp≈ Zp¿Km-t£-{X-amb ]njm-cn-
°¬ t£{X-Øn¬ ]pe-bn-√mØ Znh-k-ß-fn-
sems° sXmgp∂ Hcm-fmWv Rm≥. B ImeL´-
Øn-emWv aqImw-_n-Im-t£-{X-sØ-∏‰n tI´-dn-bp-
∂-Xv. "ap´- p-\-ºq-Xncn' F∂ sFXn-ly-I-Ym-]m-{X-
amWv Fs‚ _me-a-\- ns\ apImw-_nIbnte-°m-
I¿jn-®-Xv.
At±lw aqImw-_n-I-bn-te°v tImc-∏pg
IS∂v \S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv Rm≥ ]e-t∏mgpw a\- p-
sIm≠v I≠n-cp-∂p. `mc-X-∏p-g-°-∏p-dØv
sImSpap≠bnse AΩm-tØ°v t]mIp-tºmƒ
Rm≥ ]pg IS-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xns‚ kvac-W-
Iƒ ap´ p\ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS ]pdtI k©-cn-®n-cp-∂p.
At±lw aqImw-_n-I-bn-se-Ønb kmbm-”-Øn¬
ku]¿ÆnIm\Zn-bn¬ Ipfn®v k‘ym-h-µ\w
Ign™v Iqcn-cp-´n-eqsS \S∂v t£{X-Øn¬ sN∂v
sXmgp-∂Xv Rm≥ a\km I≠n-cp-∂p. DSs\
taim¥n \S AS-°p-∂p. AØmg]qPbv°v \nth-
Zn® Xra-[pcw XnS-∏-≈n-bn¬ h®v hmXn¬ Ip‰n-bn-
Sp-∂p. ]pd-tØ°v t]mhp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
CsX√mw I≠p-sIm≠v Aº-e-Øn-\p-≈n¬Xs∂
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
Np‰n-∏‰n\n¬°p∂ ap´- ns‚
]cn-{`aw Rm≥ A\p-am-\n-®n-
cp-∂p. X\n°v taim-¥n-
bn¬\n∂p Xra-[pcw {]km-Z-
ambn kzoI-cn-°m≥ Ign-bm-
Ø-Xn-ep≈ ZpxJw At±-
lsØ iey-s∏-Sp-Øp∂
cm{Xn-bm-a-߃ ˛ taim¥n
tKm]pcw AS-®p-t]m-b-Xn-
\m¬ ]pd-Øp-t]m-Im≥ hø.
hni∏v...............................................
h¿≤n-®p-h-cp-∂p. F{X
hfsc \mgn-I-I-fmWv tIc-f-
Øn¬............................................
\n∂-t±lw \S∂p
...................................................
]n¥-≈n-bXv!
Xra-[pcw tkhn-°m-\n-S-
h-cmsX XncnsI t]mtI-≠n-
h-cp-∂-Xn-ep≈ a\-kvXm-]w,
_p≤n h¿≤n°p-hm\pw
IhnX D≠m-bn-Øo-cm\pw
aqImw-_nIm{]km-Z-amb Xra-[pcw tkhn-°pI
Xs∂-thWw F∂p hnNm-cn®v hnj-an-®p-h-∂-XmWv
ap´- v. \msf Ime-Øp-Xs∂ XncnsI t]mbn-s√-
¶n¬ A—s‚ AYhm AΩ-bpsS {im≤Øn\v C√-
Øn¬ XncnsI sNs∂-Øp-I-bp-an√! Adp-]Xp
\mgnI C\nbpw Cu t£{X-]-cn-k-c-Øn¬ Ign-
™p-Iq-Sn-bmte \msf sshIp-t∂-csØ AØm-g-
]q-P-bpsS Xra-[pcw In´p-I-bp-≈q!
Cßs\ AXp-anXpw hnNm-cn®v hnj-Æ-\mb
ap´- v, a‰mcpw ImWm-\n√ F∂v Dd-∏p-≈-Xn-\m¬
XnS-∏-≈n-bn¬ IS∂v taim¥n Hm´p-cp-fn-bn¬ AS-®p-
h-®n-cp-∂- Xr-a-[pcw [mcmfw FSpØv km∏n´v a\-
 n¬ ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: ""Xra-[pcw AI-Øv,
ASn ]pdØv''. Imc-Wtam? At±-l-Øn-\-dn-bm-am-bn-
cp-∂p. Imh¬°m¿ Aºew ]q´n Ah-c-h-cpsS
Xmh-f-ß-f-n-te°v t]mbn-cn-°p-∂p. Ct∏mƒ Xra-
[pcw tkhn-®n-s√-¶n¬ \msf -cm-hnse XncnsI
t]mIm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. \msf am{Xta C\n Xra-
[p-cw, \nth-Zn-°p-I-bp-≈q. \msf ImeØpXs∂
XncnsI t]mbn-s√-¶n¬ A—s‚ AYhm AΩ-
bpsS NmØ-Øn\v XncnsI C√Øv FØp-I-bn-√.
am{X-a-√, \msf-Im-eØv taim-¥nbpw
Imh¬°mcpw h∂v tKm]pcw Xpd-∂m¬ AIØv
hnl-cn-°p∂ Xs∂ I≠p-]n-Sn-°pw. X-\n°v
{]lcmZn Ijmbw sIm≠p≈ NnIn-’bpw e`n-
°pw.
]s£, AXn-sem∂pw At±lw ZpxJn-X-\√.
Xra-[pcw Xs‚ ico-c-Øn-seßpw hym]n-°p-a-t√m.
9
 aqImw-_n-I-bpsS A\p-{Klw X∂n¬ {]kcn-®p-I-
gn-™p-h-t√m.
Cß-s\-bp≈ [mc-W-Iƒ a\- n¬ hym]n-®-
Xp-sIm-≠mhWw ]n∂oSv i¶-cm-Nm-cy-sc-∏-‰n-bp≈
sFXn-ly-ßfpw Fs∂ DXv_p-≤-\m-°n. At±lw
aqImw-_n-I-°-Sp-Øp≈ IpS-Pm-{Zn-bn-emWv k¿h-
⁄-]oTw Ib-dn-b-Xv. F∂p-am-{X-a-√, aqImw-_n-I-
bn¬ i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ {ioN{Iw {]Xn-jvTn-®p. AXp
{]Xn-jvT-n® tijw XncnsI C√-tØ°v hcp∂
ka-bØv aqImw-_nIm ssNX\yw i¶-cm-Nm-cysc
A\p-{K-ln-®n-cp-∂p. Aß-s\-bmWv aS-°-Øn¬
BNm-cy-kzman Z¿in® ImSm-ºpg, tNm‰m-\n-°-c,
hS-°≥ ]d-hq¿ aqImw-_nI F∂o t£{X-ß-fn¬
aqImw-_n-Im-km-∂n≤yw A\p-`-h-tKm-N-c-am-hm≥
XpS-ßn-b-Xv.
timI-l-cn-Wnbpw ip`-Im-cn-Wnbpw
aqImw-_n-bn¬ Fs‚ amXr-km-∂n≤yhpw
hniz-P\- \okm∂n-[yhpw Hcp-t]mse A\p-`h - n-°p-
∂p. AΩsb `Pn-®,v ]qPn®v kwKo-Xm¿®\ sNbvXv
AΩ-bvs°m∏w Ccp∂v ]nd-∂mƒ kZy DÆp-∂p.
Z£n-Wbpw ZWvU\ - a- k
- I
v m-chpw sNbvXv aSßp∂p.
]m]-I¿Ω-ßf - neqsS ]Xn-Xa - m-Ip∂ Bfl-i‡ - n°v
Du¿÷w \¬Ip-hm≥ IqSn Cu aqImw-_nImZ¿i-
\hpw bm{Xbpw Fs∂ klm-bn-°p-∂p-≠v. ]≠v
IpS-Pm-{Zn-bn¬- A-S¿∂p-hoW k¿htcm-Ki - a
- \
- u-j-
[-amb "IpSPw' t]mse AΩ k¿h-tim-I-lm-cn-Wnbpw k¿h-ip-`-Im-cn-
Wn-bp-am-Wv.
tbip-Zmkv
Ah-ew_w ˛ kph¿W-]p-jv]m-RvPen 2005
10
A°m-e-Øm-bn-cn-°Ww "tImc-∏pg IS-∂m¬
Ipew-sISpw' F∂ ]g-sam-gn°v bp‡n`{Z-X-bn√
F∂ hnNmcw F∂n¬ D¤-hn-®-Xv.
AXp-am-{X-a-√, tIc-f-sa-∂Xv I\ym-Ip-amcn
apX¬ tKmI¿Ww hsc-bmWv F∂ t_m[w
C∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xnepw aqImw-_n-Imt£-{X-
Øn\v ]¶p-≠v. tIc-fobt£{X-ß-fn-sebpw
sX°≥ I¿Wm-S-I-t£-{X-ß-fn-sebpw ]qPm-k-
{º-Zm-b-Øn¬ kmZriyw D≠m-bXpw aqImw-_n-
Ibpw tIc-fo-bcpw XΩn-ep≈ ASn-ÿm-\-_-‘-
Øn\p \nZ¿i-\-am-Wv. tIc-f-Ønse t£{X-ß-
fn¬ I¿Wm-SI {_m“-W¿ ]qPn-°m-dp-s≠-¶nepw
Xangv {_m“-W¿ A{X kpe-`-ambn ]qPn-°m-dn-
√t√m, kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\p- ap-ºv.
1956 ¬ 38-˛mw hb- n-emWv tImgn-t°mSv
BIm-i-hm-Wn-bn¬ tPmen-°m-c-\m-b-Xv.
Adp-]-Xp-I-fn-set∂m F\n°v aqImw-_n-
I-bn¬\n∂v Hcp IØp-In-´n. Fs‚ Nm¿®-
°m-c-\mb `´n hS-t°Sw \oe-I-WvT-\mWv
Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv: ""A®p-tX-´≥ aqImw-
_n-bn¬ h∂p sXmg-Ww. `P\w sNøp∂
ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS B{Klw IqSn-bm-W-Xv.
Rm\n-hnsS \mev]-Øn-sbm-∂p-Zn-hkw
`P\w \S-Øp-I-bmWv''. CsXmcp tjm°v
NnIn’ Xs∂-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p. A∂v
tImgn-t°mSv "amXr-`qan'bn¬ {]q^v doU-
dm-bn-cp∂ FS-e-°p-fw KwKm-[-c≥ \ºq-
Xncn aqImw-_n-bm-{X-bn¬ F\n°p hgn-Im-
´n-bm-bn. t£{X]cn-k-c-Øp≈ a©p-\mY
AUn-K-bpsS KrlØnemWv Xma-kn-®-Xv.
At±lw ]d™p: ""`P-\-°m-scm-s°-°qSn
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
Atß°v kzoI-cWw Xcp-∂p≠v. Ipfn®v
hSt° \S-bn¬ IqSn thWw \me-º-e-
Øn-te°v IS-°phm≥. Rm≥ (A-s√-
¶n¬ as‰mcp ]qPm-cn) \ne-hn-f°pw
AjvS-aw-K-eyhpw ssIbn-se-Sp-Øp-
sIm≠v Aßsb kzoI-cn-°pw.
XpS¿∂p≈ NS-ßp-Iƒ At∏mƒ
]dbmw''. CsXs∂ \Sp-°pI Xs∂
sNbvXp. aqImw-_n-I-bpsS Cu A\p-{K-
l-Øn\v F¥¿l-X-bmWv F\n-°p-
≈Xv? Fßs\ CXn\p hgßpw?
Fßs\ hg-ßm-Xn-cn°pw? `´n hS-t°Sw
\oe-I-WvT≥ am{X-a-√, Fs‚ IqsS-
bp≈ KwKm-[-c≥ am{X-a-√, F\n-°-dn-
bmØ Ipsd `‡-∑mcpw sXmgp-Xp-
sIm≠`y¿∞n-°p-I-bm-bn. ""\n߃ Ipfn-®p-h∂v
kzoI-c-W-Øn\v Xøm-dm-hWw'' tZhn-bpsS
B⁄°v Rm≥ hg-ßpI Xs∂ sNbvXp. hgßm-
Xn-cp-∂m¬ AXmWv B kµ¿`-Øn¬ Alw-`mhw
F∂ t_m[-amWv hg-ßm≥ Fs∂ t{]cn-∏n-®-Xv.
ae-bmfn `‡-∑m-cn-sem-cmƒ sIm√t¶m´pIm-c≥
Hcp dnt´Uv t]mÃv-am-Ã-dm-bn-cp-∂p. A∂p-Xs∂
sXmÆq-dp-I-gn-™ncp∂ At±lw ]n∂oSv aqImw-_n-
Ibn¬ h®p-Xs∂ kzm¿Km-tcm-lWw sNbvX
hnhcw \oe-I-WvT≥ ]nev°m-eØv Fs∂ Adnbn-
°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
\ne-hn-f°pw AjvS-aw-K-ey-hp-ambn kzoI-cn-°-
s∏´ Rm≥ `‡-P-\-ß-fpsS AI-º-Sn-tbm-Sp-IqSn
t£{X-Ønse _nw_-ß-sf-sb√mw sXmgpXv \a-
kvI-cn®v {]kmZw kzoI-cn®v Z£nW \¬In. AXp-
I-gn-™-t∏mƒ ]qPmcn ]d-™p: ""H∂pc≠v {Inb
IqSn-bp≠v''. ]ns∂ Ing-t°m´p Xncn™ {iotIm-
hn-ens‚ ]n∂n¬, ]Sn-™msd Np‰-º-e-Øns‚
sXt° ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ Hcp apdn-bpsS hmXn¬ Xpd-
∂p. AXn¬ \neØp ]Xn® I√n¬ Ccn-°m≥ ]d-
™p. Rm≥ a\ m Xf¿∂p Xcn-∏-W-am-bn.
ImcWw ]qPmcn ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv, ""CXv i¶-cm-Nm-
cysc CcpØn BZ-cn® ine-bm-Wv.'' B in£-
bn¬\n∂v Fs∂ Hgn-hm-°p-hm≥ A`y¿∞n-®p.- A-
h¿ Hcp kaq-l-at√? F\n°v B I√n-t∑¬ Xs∂
Ccn-t°-≠n-h-∂p. ]qPmcn A£-Xhpw ]qhpw
FSpØv Fs‚ inc- n¬ A¿∏n-®p. ]ns∂
]d™p; ""C\n Im∏ntbm Fs¥-¶nepw Ign-°mw.
F¶nepw Hcp {Inb IqSn-bp-≠v. AXv cm{Xn \S
AS-°m≥Im-e-ØmWv. sX°p-`m-KsØ Hcp D]-tZ-
h-k-∂n-[n-bn¬. \mep-th-Zhpw Hmtcm E°v sNm√-
Ww.'' (hymk-{]-Xn-jvT-bmtWm AXv? Hm¿°m≥
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
aIs\ ImØn-cn-°p∂ AΩ
]e alm-t£-{X-ß-fnepw Rm≥ t]mbn-´p-≠v.
]e-t∏mgpw Hcp k©m-cn-bpsS IuXp-I-amWv Cu
bm{X-Iƒ°v t{]c-W-bm-hp-∂-Xv. ]s£, `‡-\m-bn-
´p-X-s∂-bmWv Rm≥ aqImw-_n-I-bn¬ t]mIp-∂-Xv.
Fs‚ kz¥w ÿeØv, ]cn-Nn-X-amb Hcp Xd-hm-´p-
ap-‰Øv FØp-tºm-gsØ BÀm-Z-amWv A\p-`-h-s∏-
Sp-I. AhnsS FØp-tºmƒ a\ v im¥-am-hp-∂p.
AΩ-bpsS ASp-sØ-Øn-b Ip™ns‚ Bizm-kw.
AΩ F∂pw aIs‚ hchv ImØn-cn-°p-I-bm-W-t√m.
Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥\m-b¿
Ah-ew_w ˛ kph¿Æ ]pjv]mRvPen - 2005
Ign-bp-∂n-√) ChnsS F\n°v imTyw ]nSn-t°-≠n-h-
∂p. kma-thZw F\n°v Xosc Adnbn-√. AY¿h-
Ønse Nne E°p-Iƒ (E-tKz-Z-Øn-ep≈h)-A-dn-bm-
sa-¶nepw Kpcp D]-tZ-in-®n-´n-√. E°pw bPp pw
sNm√m≥ A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v. AXn-\m¬ Ah am{Xw
sNm√mw.
cm{Xn Hº-Xp-aWntbmSp-IqSn B I¿Ωhpw
aqImw- _nImtZhn \n¿∆-ln-®p. aqImw-_nIm
t£{XØn¬ h®v Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse cm⁄n
Im¿ØnI Xncp-\m-fns\ a©p-\mY AUnK ]cn-N-
b-s∏-Sp-ØpI-bp-≠mbn. Ah-scbpw \ne-hn-f°pw
AjvSaw-K-eyhpw ImWn-®p-sIm≠mWv kzoI-cn-®Xv
F∂v Btcm Ft∂mSv ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]nev°m-
eØv ]n.-kn. Ip´n-Ir-jvW-s‚bpw IpSpw-_-Øn-
s‚bpw IqsS Hcn-°¬ Rm≥ aqImw-_n-Ibn¬
aq∂p-Zn-hkw sXmgp-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]n∂o-sSm-cn-°¬
IpSpw-_-tØm-Sp-IqSn-Øs∂ AhnsS sXmgp-Xp.
]e XhW sXmgp-Xp-sh-¶nepw Hcp-Ip-S∂
sh≈nbp-dp-∏nIsb∂ hgn-]mSv {]m¿∞\ 1985 ¬
Xr»q¿ BIm-i-hmWn \ne-b-Øn¬\n∂v dn´-b¿
sNbvX-ti-jta km[n-®p-≈q. Fs‚ A—s‚ acp-
aI-\mb s]mtdm-tØ-´-\mWv AXv km[n-∏n-®-Xv.
At±-lhpw Hcp IpS∂ Ddp-∏nI hgn-]mSv sNbvXp.
Hm¿°p-tºm-ƒ F√mw Hcp kz]v\w am{X-am-bn
tXm∂p-∂p. a©p-\mY AUn-K-bpsS Hcp hm°mWv
Ct∏mƒ Fs‚ a\- n¬ ho≠pw ho≠pw apg-ßp-
∂-Xv.
""aqImw-_n-bn¬ hcp-∂-h-scm∂pw kzbw hcn-
I-b -√ , AΩ Ahsc hen-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cn-I-bmWv
]Xn- h v.''
CXv F{Xtbm t]cpsS A\p-`-h-am-Wv. ¯
11
 kw`m-jWw
Zsse-em-a-bpsS
_p≤s‚ k¶Sw as‰mcp cq]-I-am-Wv. Ncn-{X-
Ønse G‰hpw henb ]em-b-\-Øn-\n-c-bmb Xn_-
Øns‚ Bflo-bm-Nm-cy≥ Zsse-em-a-bp-amb _‘-s∏-
´mWv Cu cq]Iw IqSp-X¬ km¿∞-I-am-Ip-∂-Xv. temI-
Øn-s‚ Xs∂ G‰hpw D∂-X-amb Bflobkt¶-X-ß-fn-
sem-∂mWv Xn_-Øv. `mc-XobkwkvIrXn "{Xnhn-„]w'
F∂v tZh-\m-K-cn-bn¬ hnfn® Cu sIm®pcmjv{Sw C∂v
ssN\-bpsS A[n-\n-th-i-tI-{µ-amWv. Xn_-Øns‚
kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb ss]Xr-I-ßsf
XI¿sØ-dn-™v, P\-kw-Jym-]-c-amb \pg™pIb‰w
\SØn A∂m-Sns‚ kmwkvIm-cn-I-kz-XzsØ Xs∂
XInSw adn®v ssN\ \S-Øp∂ Incm-X-amb
12
samgn-Iƒ
cmjv{Sob\o°-߃°p ]pd-In¬ Ht´sd
\nKq-V-amb Xm¬]cy-ß-fp-≠v. kmt¶-Xn-I-
ambpw Bbp-[-_ew sIm≠pw ssN\sb
{]Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\m-hmsX _p≤-[¿Ω-Øns‚
kl-\-Z¿i-\-ß-fp-ambn \ne-\n-ev]n-\p-
th≠n h¿j-ß-fmbn ka-c-Øn-te¿s∏-´n-cn-
°p∂ Xn_-Øn-Iƒ°p th≠n Hcp]s£,
`mc-X-sam-gn-sI as‰mcp cmjv{Shpw i_vZ-ap-
b¿Øp-∂p-≠m-hn-√. bp]n.F k¿°m-cns‚
XXz-Zo-£-bn-√mØ hntZ-i-\-b-Øn¬s∏´v
Cu i–hpw Ct∏mƒ Gsd-°psd
\ne®pIgn-™n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
14-˛maXv Zsse-em-a-bmb sS≥kn≥
Kymkvt{Smhn\v B cmjv{SsØ kw_-‘n®
G‰hpw BIpe-amb {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-emWv
Xs‚ ZuXy-\n¿∆-lWw \S-tØ-≠n-h∂n-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. hS-°p-In-g-°≥ Xn_-Ønse
BwtZm F∂ Ip{Km-a-Ønse Hcp Im¿jn-I-
Ip-Spw-_-Øn-¬ P\n® At±-lsØ
2˛masØ hb- n¬ 13-˛masØ Zsse-em-a-
bmb cp_vX≥ Kymkvt{Sm-hns‚ ]p\¿P-∑-
ambn {]Jym-]n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
AhtemIn-tX-iz-cs‚ Ah-Xm-c-cq-]-ß-
fmWv Zsse-emaamsc∂v hnizm-kw. Xs‚
\n¿hmWw am\p-jnItkh-\m¿∞w am‰n
sh®v P∑-sa-Sp-Ø-h-cmWv Ch-sc∂v Xn_-
Øp-Im¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂p.
X¿°-im-kv{Xw, Xn_-Ø≥I-ebpw
kwkvIm-c-hpw, sshZyw, _p≤-Z¿i-\w,
F∂n-h-bn¬ sNdp-∏-Ønte KmV-⁄m\w
t\Snb At±-lw Ihn-X, kwKo-Xw, \mS-Iw,
tPymXn-jw, F∂n-hbpw A`y-kn-®n-cp-∂p. 23-
˛masØ hb- n¬ tUmŒ-td‰n\v Xpey-amb
D∂-X- _ncpZw t\Snb At±lw Xn_-
Øns‚ Bflob˛-cmjv{Sob t\Xm-hm-bn-
Øo¿∂p
1949 emWv Xn_-Øn-te°v ssN\
A[n-\n-thiw \S-Øp-∂-Xv. 1954 ¬ Zsse-
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
ema _oPn-ßn-se-Øn ssN\okv t\Xm-°fmb Hcp a\p-jy-\n¿Ωn-X-ÿm-]-\-Øns‚ XmevIm-enI
amthm-tk-Xp-ßv, sU°v knbm-]n-ßv, tNm. F≥ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-sW-∂mWv Fs‚ hnizm-kw.
embv F∂n-h-cp-ambn kam-[m-\-kw-`m-jWw \S- Zsse-em-asb P\-߃ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-S-tØm-fw
Øn-sb-¶nepw 1959 ¬ ssN\okv]´mfw emk-bn-se- Ah¿ Fs∂ kzoI-cn-°pw. F∂m¬ Hcp `n£p-hm-
Øn Xn_-Øns‚ tZiobapt∂-‰sØ Incm-X-ambn Ip-I-sb-∂Xv Fs∂ kw_-‘n®v Ft¥m Nne-Xm-
ASn-®-a¿Øn. XpS¿∂v At±lw Poh-c-£m¿∞w Wv. Rms\-t∏mgpw kzbw Hcp `n£p-hmbn IW-
`mc-X-Øn¬ A`bw{]m]n-®p. C∂v `mc-X-Ønse °m-°p-∂p; Fs‚ kz]v\-ß-fn¬t]m-epw. AXn-
[¿Ω-im-e-bn-cp-∂mWv At±lw Imcy-߃ \n¿∆- \m¬ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Rm≥ Hcp aXmflI-
ln-°p-∂-Xv. hy‡n-XztØ-°m-fp-]-cn-bm-sW-∂mWv F\n°p
Xn_-Øns‚ `c-W-]-chpw cmjv{So-bhp-amb tXm∂p-∂-Xv. \nXyPo-hn-X-Øn¬ t]mepw, Fs‚
Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Nn¥n®v `mhnP\-X-°p-th≠n ka-b-Øns‚ 80%hpw Bflob-{]h¿Ø-\-
kpL-Sn-X-amb Hcp P\m-[n-]Xy-cmjv{Shyhÿ ߃°pw 20% Xn_-‰n\pw th≠n sNe-hgn-°p-∂p-
hn`m-h\w sNbvX Zsse-ema CXn-\p-th≠n sh∂v F\n°v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bpw. F\n°v Aev]w
sFIy-cm-jv{S-k-`-bn-e-S°w \nc-h[n tI{µß-fn¬ Adn-bm-hp-∂Xpw henb Xm¬]cy-hp-ap≈ H∂mWv
klm-b-a-`y¿Yn-s®-¶nepw th≠{X ^e-ap-≠m-bn- Bflo-bhpw aX-]-c-hp-amb Pohn-Xw. F\n-°-Xn¬
√. Xs‚ kam-[m-\-Zu-Xy-Øn\v ]n¥pW tXSn 60 {]tXy-I CjvS-ap-≠v. AXn-\m¬ Rm\Xv IqSp-X¬
¬]cw cmjv{S-ß-fn¬ At±lw k©-cn-®n-´p-≠v. Adn-bp-hm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. cmjv{So-b-Imcy-
1987 sk]vXw_w¿ 21 \v hmjn-MvS¨ Un.-kn.-bn¬ Øn¬, Ipd®p ]cn-io-e-\-hp-ap-s≠-∂-sXm-gn-®m¬
h®v bqssW-‰Uv tÉv tIm¨{K- ns\ A`n-kw- F\n°v B[p-\nI hnZym-`ym-k-an-√. A{X-sbm∂pw
t_m-[\ sNbvXv At±lw \S-Ønb {]kwKw Xøm-d-√m-sØm-cmƒ°v AsXmcp henb _m≤y-X-
{it≤-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssN\okv \nb-{¥-W-Øn-ep≈ bm-Wv. CsXmcp tkz—m-\p-kr-X-amb I¿Ω-a-s√-
Hcp kzbw`c-Wm-[n-Imccmjv{S-amWv Xs‚ kz]v\- ¶nepw F\n°p tXm∂p-∂Xv Xn_-Ø≥P\X
sa∂v ]d-bm≥ aSn-bn-√mØ At±-l-Øn\v ssN\- F∂n-e¿∏n®n-cn-°p∂ hnizm-khpw {]Xo-£bpw
bnse bphm-°ƒ°v C°m-cy-Øn¬ A\p-`m-h- ImcWw Rm\nXv A\p-h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xp-s≠-
]q¿h-amb kao-]-\-ap-≠m-Ipsa∂ {]Xym-ibp≠v. ∂mWv.
Xn_-Øn-s‚ Bflo-bhpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb
kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\pth≠n _p≤-Z¿i\w sIm≠v
t]mcm-Sp∂ Zsse-em-a-bpsS kam-[m-\m-[n-jvTn-
Xamb tkh-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßsf am\n®v 1984 ¬
t\m_¬k-Ωm\w \¬In BZ-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
temIw AwKo-I-cn® Cu _p≤-`n-£p-hns\ CXn-
\Iw 84 A¥m-cmjv{S ]pc-kvIm-c-ß-fmWv tXSn-h-
∂n-´p-≈-Xv. 70¬]cw ]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS cN-\bpw
At±lw \n¿h-ln-®n-´p-≠v. 75 hb p ]n∂n´n´pw
hn{i-a-an-√msX Xs‚ {]bXv\w XpS-cp-∂ At±lw
kzbw`c-W-Xn_-sØ∂ Xs‚ kz]v\w ]q¿Øo-I-
cn®v cmjv{So-b-[n-Imcw P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fn-te°v
ssIamdn kzÿ-am-sbmcp Xm]-k-Po-hn-X-Øn-
te°v F{Xbpw thKw {]th-in-°m-\m-{K-ln-°p-I-
bm-Wv. H∏w temI-saßpap≈ {][m-\-a-{¥n-am¿,
cmjv{So-b-t\-Xm-°ƒ, imkv{X⁄¿ F∂n-h-cp-am-
bp≈ Xs‚ Bflo-b-hn-\n-abw XpS-cp-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p.
Aßv Fß-s\-bmWv kzbw hne-bn-cp-Øp-
∂Xv?
Rms\-t∏mgpw Fs∂ Ffnb Hcp _p≤-`n-
£p-hm-bmWv IW-°m-°p∂-Xv. Zsse-em-a-sb-∂Xv
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz- 13
 Hcp]s£, Aßv Ah-km-\sØ Zsse-em-a-
bm-bn-cn-°ptam?
Zsse-em-a-sb∂ ÿm]\w \ne-\n¬°p-∂n-S-
tØmfw As√¶n¬ Xn_-Ø≥ P\-X-bpsS A`n-
em-j-ambn AXv \ne-\n-ev°p-∂n-S-tØmfw Zsse-em-
a-bp-≠m-Ipw. AXv Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠-X-h-cm-Wv. apºv
1969 Ifn¬ Xs∂ Rm\nXv hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.
1963 ¬ \mep-h¿jsØ \mSp-I-S-Ø-en-\p-tijw,
P\m-[n-]-Xy-k-{º-ZmbØne-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp
`mhnXn_-Øn-\p-th≠n Rß-sfmcp Ic-Sp-`-c-W-L-
S\ D≠m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Akw-ªn-bn-se AwK-ß-fpsS
aq∂n¬ c≠p `qcn-]£thm´psIm≠v Zsse-em-a-
bpsS A[n-Imcw \o°w sNøm-sa∂v `c-W-L-
S\bn¬ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. Ct∏mƒ Zsse-em-a-
bpsS ÿm]\w Xn_-Ø≥kwkvIm-c-Øn\pw
Xn_-Ø≥P\-X°pw D]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-Wv. AXn\m¬,
Rm\n∂v acn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Xn_-Ø≥ P\X
as‰mcp Zsse-em-asb kzoI-cn-°p-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-
∂mWv Icp-Xp-∂-Xv. `mhn-bn¬, Zsse-em-a-bpsS
ÿm]-\-Øn\v Zo¿L-amb {]k-‡n-bn-√m-Xm-hp-
Itbm AXns‚ {]tbm-P-\hpw Rß-fpsS Ct∏m-
gsØ kmlN-cyhpw amdn-bmtem At∏mƒ Zsse-
em-a-bpsS ÿm]\w Ah-km-\n-°pw. hy‡n-]-c-
ambn Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂Xv Zsse-em-a-bpsS ÿm]\w
AXn-s‚ Dt±iyw `wKn-bmbn \nd-th-‰p-∂p-s≠-∂m-
Wv. AXn-\p-]cn 2001 apX¬ P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-ambn
sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ Hcp Xe-h≥ Rß-fpsS
14
ÿm]-\-Øn-\p-≠v. Im¿tem¨ {Xn]. Rß-fpsS
\nXy-`-cWImcy-߃ \S-Øp-Ibpw Rß-fpsS
cmjv{So-b-ÿm-]-\-Øns‚ Npa-Xe hln-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. ]mXn Imcy-ambpw Rm\n-t∏mƒ Hcp
]IpXn hnc-an® Ah-ÿ-bn-emWv.
Atß°v Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw Xn_-Øn-te°v aS-ßn-
t∏m-Im≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂pt≠m?
D∆v, Rm\n-t∏mgpw Xn_-Øn-te°v aS-ßn-t∏m-
Im≥ Ign-bp-sa∂ ip`m]vXnhnizm-k-Øn-em-Wv.
ssN\ amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. C∂sØ
ssN\sb ]Øn-cp-]Xp h¿j-߃°p apº-tØ-Xp-
ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXpt\m°q. A¤p-X-I-c-amb
am‰w ImWmw. ssN\°v hf-sc-°mew H‰-s∏´p
\n¬°m-\m-hn-√. AXv temI-P-\-X-bpsS `mK-am-Wv.
BtKmf]mc-kv]-cyw, {]tXy-In®v kmº-Øn-Ihpw
]mcn-ÿn-Xn-Ihp-amb Imcy-ß-fn-ep-≈Xv, cmjv{S-
ßsf X\n®p\n¬°m≥ Ign-bmØhn[-
am°nØo¿°p-∂p. ]pd-sa, ssN\-bn¬ \n∂pw Hcp
th¿Xn-cnhv Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p-an-√. ]yq∏nƒkv
dn∏-ªnIv Hm^v ssN\-bpsS `mKhpw AtXkabw
Db¿∂ \ne-bn¬ kzbw-`-c-Wm-[n-Im-c-hp-ap≈ Hcp
Xn_-sØ∂ a≤y-h¿Ønkao]-\-Øn¬ Rm≥
Dd®p\n¬°p-∂p. CXv Xn_-ØpIm¿°pw ssN\-
°m¿°pw Hcpt]mse KpW-I-c-am-Ip-sa-∂mWv
Rm≥ Dd®phniz-kn-°p-∂Xv. R߃ Xn_-Øp-
Im¿°v ssN\-bpsS klm-b-tØmsS Xn_-Øns\
hnI-kn∏n-°p-hm-\m-Ipw, AtX-k-abw Rß-fpsS
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
X\XpkwkvImcw- ˛ Bflo-b-Xbpw Rß-fpsS
kq£va-amb ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpa-S°w ˛ kwc-£n-°p-
Ibpw thWw. kulr-Z-`m-h-Øn¬ Xn_-Ø≥
{]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ssN\°v
AXn-s‚ AJ-fi-Xbpw ÿnc-X-bpw kw`-h\
sNøm-\p-amhpw.
ssN\ ASp-Ø-bnsS ]d-™Xv ASpØ
Zsse-ema Xn_-Øn¬ P\n-°p-sa∂pw Ah¿
sXc-s™-Sp-°p-sa∂pamWv. CtX-°p-dn®v F¥mWv
]d-bm-\p-≈Xv?
Ct∏m-gsØ Xn_-Ø≥ kml-N-cy-߃
Cßs\ Xs∂ XpScp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, ssN\-bpsS
\nb-{¥-W-Øn\p ]pd-Øm-bn-cn°pw Zsse-ema
P\n-°p-I. CXv XXz-Nn-¥m-]-c-am-b hnjb-am-Wv.
]p\¿P-∑-Øn-s‚ {][m\ e£yw Xs∂ Ign™
P∑-Ønse I¿Ω-ß-fpsS XpS¿®-bm-Wv. AXn-
\m¬, Xn_-Ø≥ {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-SmsX
t]mhp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, Fs‚ ]q¿Øn-bm-hmØ
I¿Ω-߃ XpS¿∂pt]mIp-hm≥ Rm≥ A\y-tZ-i-
Øm-bn-cn°pw P\n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv Hcp XmXzn-I-amb
Imcy-am-Wv. ssN\-°m¿ Ah-cpsS Zsse-em-a-
sbbpw R߃ Xn_-ØpIm¿ kz¥w ]mc-º-cy-
Øn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn Rß-fpsS Zsse-em-asbbpw
sXc-s™-Sp-°p-sa-∂p-≈Xv Xo¿®. AXv ]©≥em-
a-bpsS Ct∏m-gsØ Ah-ÿ-t]m-se-bm-bn-cn-°pw.
ssN\-°m¿ \nb-an® Hcp ]©≥em-a-bpw Rm≥
sXcs™-SpØ ]©≥em-abpw Ahn-sS-bp-≠v.
Hcmƒ Ah-cpsS bP-am\Xm¬]-cy-߃°p-th≠n
{]h¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ at‰-bmƒ Xn_ØpIm-cpsS
lrZbw Ih¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.
F¥mWv Aß-bpsS [m¿ΩnI{]Xn-_-≤X?
s]mXpsh Rm≥ Ft∏mgpw ]d-bm-dp-≠v,
F\n°v Pohn-X-Øn¬ aq∂v {]Xn-_-≤-X-I-fm-Wp-
≈-Xv. H∂m-aXv am\p-jn-I-w. Fs‚ {]Ya Npa-Xe
A\p-I-º, £a, kln-jvWp-X, kwXr]vXn, kwb-
a\w XpS-ßnb am\p-jn-I-aq-ey-߃ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-
°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-Wv. F√m a\p-jycpw Hcpt]mse-bm-
Wv. \Ω-sf√mw kt¥mjw B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw
ZpxJw AI-‰n-\n¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. aX-hn-izm-k-
an-√m-Ø-h¿t]mepw X߃°v k¥p-„-Po-hnXw
{]Zm\w sNøp∂ Cu hI am\p-jnI aqey-ßsf
AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Ch-bpsS {]m[m-\y-sØ-°p-
dn®p kwkm-cn-°p-hm\pw I≠p-ap-´p-∂-hcp-ambn
AXv ]¶p-sh-°p-hm\pw Rm≥ {]Xn-_-≤-\m-Wv.
c≠m-aXv B≤ym-fln-I-{]h¿ØI-s\∂ \ne-bn¬.
Fs‚ c≠m-asØ Npa-Xe aX-ku-lm¿±w
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
\oXn-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ t]mcm-´-Øn¬
Xn_-ØpIm-cpsS Hcp kzX-{¥-h-‡m-hmbn
{]h¿Øn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv Fs‚ I¿Ø-hy-
am-Wv. aq∂m-asØ {]Xn-_-≤-Xsb kw_-‘n-
®n-S-tØm-fw, Xn_-Øn\pw ssN\-°p-an-S-bn¬
c≠p-t]¿°pw KpW-I-c-amb
Hcp ]cn-lm-c-Øn-se-Øp-∂-hsc
AXv Ft∏m-gp-ap≠m-bn-cn-°pw.
Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°epw hnhn[ aX-]m-c-º-cy-ßsf a\-
 n-em-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-sb-∂-Xm-Wv. Zm¿i-\n-I-am-
b hyXym-k-߃°p-]cn F√m {][m-\-a-X-
߃°pw \√ a\p-jysc kr„n-°p-hm-\p≈ tijn-
bp≠v. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ F√m aX-ßfpw a‰p
aX-ßsf _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNtø-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. aq∂m-a-Xm-bn,
Rms\mcp Xn_-Ø-p-Im-c\pw Zsse-ema F∂
t]cp kzoI-cn-®-bm-fp-am-Wv. Xn_-ØpIm¿ F∂n¬
hnizm-k-a¿∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p, AXn-\m¬ Fs‚ aq∂m-
asØ {]Xn-_-≤X Xn_-Ø≥ {]iv\-hp-ambn
_‘-s∏-´m-Wv. \oXn-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ t]mcm-´-
Øn¬ Xn_-ØpIm-cpsS Hcp kzX-{¥-h-‡m-hmbn
{]h¿Øn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv Fs‚ I¿Ø-hy-am-Wv.
aq∂m-asØ {]Xn-_-≤-Xsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-
fw, Xn_-Øn\pw ssN\-°p-an-S-bn¬ c≠p-t]¿°pw
KpW-I-c-amb Hcp ]cn-lm-c-Øn-se-Øp-∂-hsc AXv
Ft∏m-gp-ap≠m-bn-cn-°pw. F¥p-X-s∂-bm-bmepw
Fs‚ BZysØ c≠p {]Xn-_-≤-X-Ifpw Fs‚
Ah-km\izmkw-h-tc°pw Rm≥ ]men-°p-∂-
XmWv.
Zsse-em-a-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ BZyw
Atß°v F¥mWv tXm∂n-bXv?
Rm≥ hfsc k¥p-„-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Rm\Xv
Hcp-]mSv C„-s∏´p. ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p--ap-ºp-X-
s∂, AΩ-tbmSv emk-bn-te°v t]mIp-∂-Xn-s\-°p-
dn®v Rm≥ ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp P\¬∏-Sn-bn¬
Ib-dn-bn-cp∂v emk-bn-te°v IpXn-c-k-hmcn sNøp-
∂-Xmbn A\p-I-cn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B ka-
bØv Rms\mcp sNdnb Ip´n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂n-cp-
∂mepw Rm\Xv hy‡-ambn Hm¿°p-∂p. Ahn-tS°v
15
t]mI-W-sa∂v F\n°v i‡n-bmb B{K-l-ap-≠m-
bn-cp-∂p. Fs‚ Bfl-I-Ybn¬ ]d™n´n-√mØ
as‰mcp Imcyw,- Fs‚ P\-\-Øn-\p-tijw Hcp
tPmSn Im°-Iƒ Rß-fpsS hoSns‚ ta¬°q-c-
bn¬ tNt°-dn-bn-cp∂-Xm-Wv. Ah Hmtcm {]`m-X-
Ønepw hcpw, Ipd-®p-t\cw Xßn ]d-∂p-t]m-Ipw.
CXpt]mep≈ {]tXy-I-Xcw kw`-h-߃, H∂v,
Ggv, F´v, ]{¥-≠v, Zsse-em-a-I-fpsS P\-\-k-a-b-
Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cp-sS-sb√mw P\-\-Øn-\p-
tijw Hcp tPmSn Im°-Iƒ AhnsS h∂p Xßn-
bn-cp-∂p. Fs‚ Imcy-Øn¬ BZyw Bcpw CXv
{i≤n-®n-cp-∂n-√. Fß-s\tbm ASp-Ø-bnsS
Hcp]s£ aq∂v h¿jw apºv, Rm≥ AΩ-bp-ambn
kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ah-cnXv Hm¿Ωn-°p-I-bp-
≠mbn. {]`m-X-Øn¬ Ah h-cp-∂Xpw Ipd-®p-t\cw
Xßn ]n∂oSv t]mIp-∂Xpw ASpØ Znhkw
cmhnse ho≠pw hcp-∂-Xp-sa√mw AΩ {i≤n-®n-cp-
∂p. H∂m-asØ Zsse-em-a-bpsS P\-\-tijw
A∂v sshIo´v sIm≈-°m¿ B hoSv XI¿Øp.
amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Ip´nsb Dt]-£n®v HmSn-t∏m-bn.
ASpØ Znhkw aS-ßn-h-∂-t∏mƒ Ah¿ A¤p-X-
s∏-´p-t]m-bn. Hcp aqe-bn-¬ Ip™v InS-°p-∂p.
Ah-\-cn-In¬ Ahs\ ]cn-]m-en-®p-sIm≠v Hcp
Im° \n¬°p-∂p. ]n∂oSv H∂mw Zsse-ema
Bflob ]cn-ioe\w t\Sn hf¿∂-t∏mƒ, alm-Im-
e-s\∂ Im°-bp-ambn, B kwc-£WtZh-X-bp-
ambn [ym\-Øn-eqsS t\cn´v _‘-ap-≠m-°n. Cu
ka-bØv alm-Ime≥ At±-l-tØmSv ]d-bp-I-bp-
≠m-bn, ""\ns∂-t∏mse _p≤-k-{º-Zmbw apdp-sI-
]n-Sn-°p∂ Hcmƒ°v Fs∂-t∏msemcp kwc-£-I≥
Bh-iy-am-Wv. IrXy-ambn \ns‚ P\-\-k-a-bØv
Rm≥ \ns∂ klm-bn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn''. Aß-s\,
alm-Im-e-\pw Im°-Iƒ°pw Zsse-em-a-am¿°p-an-S-
bn¬ \n›-b-ambpw Hcp _‘-ap-s≠∂v \ap°v
16
ImWm≥ km[n-°pw.
as‰mcp kw`hw, Fs‚ AΩ AXv \∂mbn
Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂p. Rm≥ emk-bn-se-Ønb DS-s\-
Xs∂ Fs‚ ]√p-Iƒ t\m¿_p-en-¶-bnse Hcp
ho´n¬ s]´n-bn-em-°n-sh-®n-´p-s≠∂v Rm≥ ]d-™-
Xm-Wv. Ah¿ B s]´n Xpd-∂-t∏mƒ ]Xn-aq-∂m-
asØ Zsse-em-a-bpsS ]√p-Iƒ ImWp-hm≥ km[n-
®p. B s]´n Nq≠n-°m´n Fs‚ ]√p-Iƒ Ahn-sS-
bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Rm≥ ]d-™p. Ct∏m-fXv Rm≥
icn°pw Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂n-√. ]pXnb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ i‡-
ambn ico-c-Øn¬ _‘w ]pe¿Øn-°-gn-™p.
Aß-bpsS P\-\tam apºsØ K¿`m-h-
ÿtbm Hm¿°p-∂pt≠m?
Cu \nanjw Rm\Xv Hm¿°p-∂n-√. F\n-°m-
Imew Hm¿Ωn-°m≥ Ign-bn-s√-¶nepw Rms\mcp
Ip™m-bn-cp∂t∏mƒ F\n-°Xv Hm¿Ωn-°p-hm≥
Ign-™n-cp-∂p. Fß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂mepw F\n°v
Hcp _mly--e-£-W-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. an°-hmdpw Ip´n-
I-fpw Ah-cpsS IÆp-Iƒ AS-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-
cn°pw km[m-cW P\n-°p-I. Rm≥ P\n-®-Xv
Fs‚ IÆp-Iƒ Xpd-∂m-Wv. CXv K¿`m-h-ÿ-
bnse am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-bpsS sNdn-sbmcp kqN-\-
bm-Imw.
]Xn-\mdv]Xn-s\´p hb- n-\n-S°v XmevIm-en-I-
ambn A[n-Imcw t\Sn-b-t∏mƒ Aß-bn¬ Fs¥-
¶nepw am‰-ap-≠mtbm?
icn-bm-Wv, Rm≥ sNdp-Xmbn amdn. Hcp ]mSv
kt¥m-j-Øn\pw thZ-\bv°pw CS-bn-eqsSbmWv
Rm≥ IS-∂p-t]m-bXv. hf¿®-bn-eqsS IqSp-X¬
A\p-`-h-ß-fp-≠mbn. {]iv\-ß-fp-≠m-hp-Ibpw
Rm\Xp t\cn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXns‚-sb√mw
A¥n-a-^-e-amWv Ct∏mƒ \n߃ ImWp∂ Cu
a\pjy≥ (Nncn-°p∂p.)
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
 Aß-bpsS ap≥Km-an-I-fn-em¿s°-¶nepw Aß-
tbmSv {]tXyI Xm¬]-cy-ap-≠m-bn-cpt∂m? As√-
¶n¬ Atß°v BtcmsS¶nepw {]tXyI aa-X-bp-
≠m-bn-cpt∂m?
]Xn-aq-∂m-asØ Zsse-ema, At±lw
k\ymktImtf-Pp-I-fnse ]T-\-\n-ehmcw Hcp]mSv
sa®-s∏-Sp-Øn. bYm¿∞ ]WvUn-X¿°v henb
Bfl-ss[cyw \¬In. ]q¿Wamb tbmKy-X-bn-
√mØ Bfp-Iƒ aX-]-c-amb A[n-Im-c-t{i-Wn-bn¬
FØp-∂Xpw aTm-[n-]-Xn Bbn-Øo-cp-∂Xpw {ia-I-
c-am-°n. C°m-cy-Øn¬ At±lw hfsc I¿°-i-\m-
bn-cp-∂p. ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n\v Bfp-Iƒ°v
At±lw k\ymkw \¬In. At±-l-Øn\v c≠v
{][m\ t\´-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \nc-h[n D]-{I-a-
ßtfm A[nIw D]-tZ-i-ßtfm \¬In-bn-√.
cmjv{S-Øn-t\m-Sp≈ BZ-chv ImcWw cmPy-X-{¥-
Øn-\p-th≠n al-Ømb k¶-ev]hpw ]cn-K-W-\-
bpw At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. {]tXy-In®v Zqsc
InS-°p∂ Pn√-I-sf Fßs\ Ah¿ `cn°pw
CXym-Zn hnj-b-ß-fn¬. k¿°m¿ IqSpX¬ ^e-
{]m-]vXn-tbmsS Fßs\ {]h¿Øn°pw F∂
Imcy-Øn¬ At±lw \√-hÆw {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p.
Rß-fpsS AXn¿ØnIsfIp-dn®pw At±-l-Øn\v
\√ DXvIWvTbp≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
Hcp A`-bm¿∞n-bmbnØo¿∂-t∏mƒ Cu
IcpØv t\Sm≥ F¥mWv klm-b-I-am-bXv? AXv
Aß-bpsS ÿm\hpw cmjv{Shpw \„-am-°ntbm?
AßbpsS Np‰pap-≈-h¿ bYm¿∞Øn¬ CXp
Xs∂-bmtWm A\p-`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°p∂Xv?
Hcp A`-bm¿∞n-bm-hp-I-sb-∂Xv bYm¿∞-
Øn¬ KXn-sI´Xpw A]-IS-I-chp-amb Hc-h-ÿ-
bm-Wv. B kabØv Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw bmYm¿-
∞ysØ t\cn-Sp-∂p. Imcy-߃ at\m-l-c-sa∂v
\Sn-°p-hm-\p≈ ka-b-a-√-Xv. kam-[m-\-Ime-Øv,
F√mw hfsc `wKn-bmbn \S-°p-∂p. Ct∏m-g-hn-sS-
sbmcp {]iv\-ap-s≠-¶n¬ t]mepw Bfp-Iƒ Imcy-
߃ \√-sX∂p \Sn-°p-∂p. A]-I-S-I-c-amb ka-b-
Øv, AhnsS \mS-Iobam‰-ß-fp≠mhp-tºmƒ
At∏m-g-hnsS F√mw kpµ-c-am-sW∂v `mhn-°p-hm≥
bmsXmcp Ah-k-c-hp-an√. \n߃ NoØsb
NoØ-bmbnXs∂ ImWWw. Rm≥ t\m¿_p-en-¶-
bn¬\n∂pw t]mcp-tºmƒ A]-I-S-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p.
ssN\-bpsS ]´m-f-_m-c-°p-Iƒ°v hfsc ASp-Øp-
Iq-Sn-bmWv R߃ IS-∂pt]mb-Xv. adp-h-iØv
sXm´-Sp-Øp-Xs∂ Hcp \Znbpw ssN\okv
sN°vt]m-Ãp-ap≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Rßsf B{I-an-°p-
hm≥ ssN\-°m¿ ]q¿W-ambn Xøm-sd-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
I-bm-sW∂v Rm≥ ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v ct≠m aqt∂m
BgvN apºv R߃°v IrXy-amb ap∂-dn-bn∏v
In´n-bn-cp-∂p.
]q¿Wm-\p-I-º-\mb AhtemIn-tX-iz-c-\mb
t_m[n-k-Xzs‚ Ah-Xm-c-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Fß-s\-
bmWv hy‡n-]-c-ambn CXns\ ImWp-∂Xv? Hcp
hn[-Øn-e-s√-¶n¬ as‰mcp hn[-Øn¬ Atß-
s°mcp kv]„-amb ho£-W-ap-≠m-hp-at√m?
Fs∂ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Xo¿Øp ]d-
bm≥ hnj-a-am-Wv. R߃ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv \mep
hn[w ]p\¿P-∑-ap-s≠-∂m-Wv. H∂v s]mXp-sh-bp-≈-
Xmb Hcp k{º-Zmbw. CXp-{]-Imcw Hcp-h≥
Ahs‚ ]p\¿P-∑sØ kw_-‘n®v \n›-b-an-
√msX \n -lm-b-\mWv. F∂m¬ ]p\¿P∑w
_‘-s∏´p\n¬°p-∂Xv Ign™Ime -I¿Ω-ß-
fpsS kz`m-h-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´pam{X-am-Wv.
CXn\p hn]-co-X-amWv ]q¿W⁄mt\m-Zbw
t\Snb _p≤≥. a‰p-≈-hsc klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-
\mbn hfsc efn-X-amb Hcp icoc-cq-]-sa-Sp-°p-∂p.
Cu kw`-h-Øn¬ Cu hy‡n _p≤-\m-sW∂v
hfsc hy‡-am-Wv. aq∂m-a-tØXv Hcmƒ°v Xs‚
`qX-Ime B≤ym-fln-I-Zu-Xy-Øn-s‚ ^e-ambn
]p\¿P-∑-Øns‚ ÿehpw kml-N-cyhpw sXc-
s™-Sp-°phm≥ Ign-bpw. Npcp-ßnb]£w kzm[o-
\n-°m-s\-¶nepw. \mem-a-tØ-Xns\ Hcp A\p-{K-
loXkm£m-XvIm-c-sa∂p hnfn-°mw. CXn¬
hy‡n A\p-{K-lo-X-\m-b-Xn-\m¬ a‰p-≈-h¿°v
klm-b-I-c-amb Imcy-߃ sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈
km[m-cW Ign-hn-\p-]-cn, aX-Im-cy-߃ ]Tn-∏n-°p-
∂Xn-\p≈ Ign-hp-≈-h-\m-bn-cn-°pw.
Aß-bpsS Cu "tdmƒ' Fß-s\-bmWv
Atß°v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂Xv? Cu tdmƒ kt¥m-
j-I-c-amtWm AtXm Hcp `mctam?
CXv hfsc kt¥m-j-I-c-am-Wv. Cu thjw
sIm≠v P\-߃°v Hcp]mSv \√ Imcy-߃
sNøm≥ F\n°p km[n-°pw. AXpsIm≠v
Rm\nXv C„-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXv P\-߃°v hfsc
klm-b-Ihpw AtXm-sSm∏w F\n°o thj-hp-
ambn Hcp I¿Ω-_-‘-hp-ap-s≠∂v hy‡w.
{]tXyIn®v Xn_-Ø≥P\-X-bp-am-bp≈ I¿a-
_‘w hfsc hy‡-am-Wv. Ct∏mƒ \n߃°v
tXm∂mw Rm-s\s‚ Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ hfsc
`mKy-hm-\m-sW-∂v. Fß-s\-bm-bmepw `mKy-sa∂
hm°n\p ]pd-In¬ \nc-h[n Imc-W-ßfpw Imcy-ß-
fp-ap-≠v. Cu thjw sNøp-∂-Xn\v, Fs‚ Ign-hp-
Iƒ kmwio-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Imcy߃ sNøp-∂-
Xn-\p-ap≈ A`n-em-j-Øn\p ]pd-In¬ Hcp
I¿Ωi‡n-bp-≠v. ¯
17
 A∏≥ Xt®Øv

]mXnbpw Xo¿∂p cXn˛ ]≠sØ taim-¥n-b˛

\n¿th-Z-e-l-cn-bn¬! aßX≥ Kpcp-t{ijvT
]u¿Æan hnS¿ØoSpw
cmhns‚ bap-\-bn˛ kl-{k-]p-jv]-ß-fn¬
temf-ambvØpSn-°p∂q!
cmk-tI-fn-I-tfIpw amL-]u¿Æ-an-bpsS
Ipfncpw IuXp-Ihpw! a\ pw ae-bmf
`mj-X≥ ssN{X-ßfpw
Gg-c-sh-fp-∏n-s\≥ Nµ-\-°p-Sw-I-a˛ ]q°mew kΩm-\n∏q!
tXhm-c-a-Wn-iw-Jn≥ s∂mgpIpw ]pe¿Ime
\mZ-ssh-J-cn-I-fn¬ lntµm-f-Ko-X-ß-fn¬ Xcn-I-sbmcp X¶
EXp-t`-Z-߃ tXßn! kz]v\-ß-fp-W-cp∂p! sh‰n-e-b-Sn-bs‚
Xncp-\m-hnepw hnZym
DW¿∂q ku]¿ÆnIm Ggnew]me-s°m-ºn¬ a{¥-߃ ]I¿∂mepw!
NWvUn-Im-tlm-a-Øns‚ Io¿Ø-\-ap-W-cp∂q
AIn¬N-µ-\-bjvS GIm-Z-in-cm-hns‚ Xr°-øn¬\n∂pw ]©m
K‘-ß-ƒ s]men-bp-tºmƒ iwsJmen apg-ßp∂q! arXhpw Xo¿∞-ßfp˛
ta‰p-hm-ßp-tºmƒ P∑
\mep Zn°nepw Xncn `kvam-te-]\w Nm¿Øn kulrZw ]qNq-Sp∂q!
\mf-߃ Xme-s∏men! \n¬°p∂p ]q¿∆mw-_cw!
aqI-th-Z-\-bpsS `mkp-c-Zo-]m-RvPen Ime-߃ Iem-tIfn
aqh¥n hnXp-ºp∂q! a\- n¬ sXfn-bp∂q! IuXp-I-ß-fn¬ angn
]q´n hmgp∂q tZh
k¿K-th-Z-\-bpsS tZhm-b-\-Øn¬ h∂p tkm]m-\-ap-W-cp∂q!
kwKo-X-ap-W-cp∂q! \n¬°p∂q k]vX¿jn-Iƒ
Ime-I-t√m-e-ß-fn¬ tZho-`m-K-h-X-Øn≥ Ipa-c-\-√q-cnse
Ncn{Xw kv]µn-°p∂q! Xmfp-Iƒ adn-bp∂q! Im¿ØnI Zo]m-hen
hocm-]-Zm-\-߃X≥ Xfn¿sh-‰ne -sX-dp˛
]ucpjw Pzen-°p∂q! A£-c-ss\-th-Zyw sIm˛ tØIpaohm\-{]ÿw!
≠Xp-ey-{]-Xn-`sb
DSp-°p-sIm-´n-∏mSn A£-b-ssN-X-\yØn˛ IfnbpwNncn-bp-ambv
]mW-\m¿ ]mSpw hmgvhn≥ ∂mZn-a-{¥-߃s°m∏w °gnbpw Ihn-a-\˛
IYbpw Ihn-Xbpw  cpfpwkvt\l-Øns‚
]q°fpw {]km-Zhpw! sNdn-b-]m-Z-ß-fm¬ Imhy-am-Wt√m P∑w!
\ob-f∂o aÆns‚
\ngepw hnkvXm-chp˛ Ipdn∏v
]mXn Rm≥ Ipdn-®n´
amflobshfn-®hpw! tZhm-b\w : Ihn-bpsS P∑-Krlw
am[hIY-bpsS
¯
1186 Xpemw
18 ln-µp-hn-iz-
 Xøm-dm-°nbXv:
cmPp ]q™m¿

]c-a-]n-Xm-hmb PK-Zo-iz-c≥ am\-h-cm- ∂-h-cm-I-s´.

in°p I\n™p\¬Inb Adn-hm-Wv thZ-߃. thZw Ah- k m- \ - t amXp∂p ˛ ""Ip¿ht∂thl
km¿h`u- a n- I hpw km¿hImenI- h p- a m- W v . thZw I¿amWn PnPo-hn-tj-Xvi-Xw-kamx.'' Pohn-X-Imew
kwkvIm-cØns‚ aqem-[m-c-am-Wv. a\p-jys‚ am{Xw apgp-h≥ I¿aw sNbvXp-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°-Ww. ""\m\y-
kº- Ø m- W v . Cu Adnhv krjv S n- b psS BZn- tY-tXƒkvXn.'' thsd hgn-bn-√.
bn¬Xs∂ Cuiz-c≥ \¬In. ""km {]Yam kwkvIr-
t{ijvT-I¿a-ß-fn¬ \sΩ hym]-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv
Xocv hniz-hm-cm.'' (bPp 7.14.)
_p≤-nbm-Wv. ""_p≤nw Xp kmcYnw hn≤n.'' _p≤-n-
thZw \mem-Wv. EIv, bPp-kv, kmaw, AY¿hw. bmWv kmc-Yn. \bn-°p-∂-h≥ hgn-b-dn-bp-∂-h-\m-I-
EtKzZw ⁄m\ImWvU-am-Wv. bPpkv I¿a-Im-WvU- Ww. F¶nte e£y- Ø n- s e- Ø p- I - b p- ≈ q. _p≤n
hpw, kmaw D]m-k-\-bp-am-Wv. AY-¿hw kwc-£-W- Fß-s\-bp-≈-Xm-IWw? _p≤nsb {]m¿∞n-°p-∂-
am-Wv. EIv akvXn-jvI-Øns‚ thZ-am-Wv. bPpkv hs‚ tbmKy-X-sb¥v? DØ-a-_p-≤n Fhn-sS-\n∂v
ssII-fpsS thZ-amWv; I¿a-th-Z-am-Wv. bPp- ns‚ Fßs\ e`n°pw? kZv_p-≤n-bp-≈-h¿ GXp-\n-esb
{]Y-a-a-{¥-Øn-tem-Xp∂p ˛ ""tZthm hx khnXm {]m]n°pw? F∂o {]iv \ - ß - f mWv ta[m- k q- ‡ -
{]mcv]-b-Xp t{ijvT- Ønse {]Xn- ] m- Z y-
X- a mb Icv a - W .'' hnjbw. bPp¿thZw
A√tbm khn- X m- ta[m-kq‡w ap∏-Øn-c≠- m-a≤
- ym-b-
th, Rß- s f ""Hmw kZ-k-kv]-Xn-a-Zv`pXw {]nb-an-{µ-ky-Imayw ˛ Ønse ]Xn- a q∂p
t{ijvT-I¿Ω-ß- k\nw ta[m-a-bm-kn-jMvkzmlm ˛ 1 apX¬ ]Xn-\m-d-p-h-sc-
fn¬ t{]cn-∏n-®m-epw. bmw ta[mw tZh-K-Wmx-]n-X-c-t›m-]m-k-tX, Xbm bp≈ \mep a{¥-ß-
bPp ns‚ amaZy ta[-bmt· ta[m-hn\w Ipcp kzmlm˛2 fmWv ta[m-kq-‡w.
a[y- Ø n¬ ]d- b p- ta[mw ta hcptWm ZZm-Xp-ta-[m-a-·nx-{]-Pm-]Xnx Cu kq‡- Ø ns‚
∂p ˛ ""kwhm-`-t{Z- ta[m-an-{µ-›-hm-bp-› ta[mw [mXm ZZmXp Ejn ta[m- I m- a - \ m-
W-]rMv‡.'' Rß- ta kzmlm ˛ 3 Wv. \nXyhpw
sf awK- f - a m- b - X n- CZw ta {_“ N £{Xw tNmt`{in-ba- i - v\pXmw abn k‘ym-k-abw Cu
t\mSp tN¿Ømepw. tZhm-Z-[-Xp{in-b-ap-Øamw kq‡w sNm√p-Ibpw
R߃ kZm DØ- XsskytX kzmlm'' ˛ 4 A¿Y-hn-Nmcw sNøp-
a- I ¿a- ß - ƒ sNøp- Ibpw sNbvXm¬

1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz- 19
_p≤-n-hnIm-k-ap-≠m-hp-sa-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-Øn-\-h-Im-
i-an-√.
`mjyw
kZ-kk - v]X
- n-aZ- v`pXw {]nb-an-{µ-ky-Im-ayw k\nw
ta[m-a-bm-kn-jMv kzmlm ˛ 1˛
Ejnx ta[m-Im-ax tZhXm ˛ C{µx Oµx `qcn-§m-
b{Xo kzcx ˛ jUvPx
A\zbw
C{µ-ky-{]nbw Imayw AZv`pXw kZ-kx-]-Xnw-
k\nw ta[mw Abm-knjw kzmlm.
A¿∞w ˛ Pohm- fl m- h ns‚ {]nb- a n- { X- h pw,
{]m]vX-hyhpw hne-£-Whpw Bb hniz-Øns‚ {]`p-
hp-am-b-h-t\mSv tbmKy -D-]-t`mKhkvXp-°fpw DØa
_p≤nbpw Rm≥ bmNn-°p-∂p. AXn-\mbn Bfl-k-
a¿∏Ww sNøp-∂p.
kZ- k - k v ] - X n- t bm- S mWv {]m¿∞- \ . kZkv
hoSmWv. Cu PKØv Cuiz-cs‚ hoSmWv. ImcWw
Cuiz-c≥ Cu PK-Øn-emWv hkn-°p-∂-Xv. Cuim-
hm-ky-an-Zw-k¿hw. AXn-\m¬ hniz-`-h-\-Øns‚ \mY-
\m- W o- i z- c ≥. B Cuiz- c s‚ hnti- j - W - a mWv
AZv`pXw. AZv`p-X-sa-∂m¬ A`q-X-]q¿∆w. ap≥]v
Cß-s\-sbm-∂p-≠m-bn-´n-√. AXn-\m¬ kI-e-Xn-
t\bpw AXn-i-bn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. kI-e-Xn-t\bpw AXn-
ibn-°p∂ Cuiz-c-\n¬\n∂pw e`n-°p∂ _p≤n
\ap°v A`q-X-]q¿∆-amb D∂-Xnsb \¬Ip∂p. AXn-
\mbn {]m¿∞n-°p-∂-h\v Nne am‰-ß-fp-≠mtb ]‰q.
kzt{]-aw, Krl-t{]-aw, cmjv{S-t{]aw F∂n-h°v D]cn
hf¿∂v hniz-t{]-an-bm-h-Ww. hkp-ss[-h-Ip-Spw-_Iw
F∂ \ne-bn-te°p hf-c-Ww. Aßs\ hf-cp-∂-Xn\v
PntX-{µn-bs‚ {]nb-an-{X-amWv ]c-am-flm-hv. C{µ-ky-
bpPy kJm''(-E-Iv.1.22.19). Cuiz-cs‚ D‰-an{Xw DØ-
a-a-am-b-Xns\ ˛ ImaysØ ˛ {]m]n-°p-∂p. A\y-cn¬
tZzjtam t{Zml-_p-≤ntbm C√msX A]-Im-cn-°p-
ap-]-Im-cn-bm-hp∂ \ne-bmWv Imayw F∂ \ne. B
\ne-bn-se-Øn-bh\v DØ-a-amb I¿a-^-esØ `K-
hm≥ hn`- P n®p\¬Ip- ∂ p. am{X- a - √ , ta[- s bbpw
\¬Ip-∂p. AXn-\mbn kzm¿Y-Xsb shSn-b-Ww.
kzmlm F∂m¬ \nkzm¿Y- \ m- h pI F∂¿∞w.
20
_p≤nsb {]m¿∞n-°p-∂-h\v th≠ tbmKy-XbmWo
a{¥-Ønse {]Xn-]m-Zyw.
_p≤n Fß-s\-bp-≈-Xm-IWw?
bmw ta[mw tZh-K-Wmx-]n-X-c-t›m-]m-k-tX.
Xbm amaZy ta[-bmt· ta[m-hn\w
Ipcp kzmlm ˛ 2
Ejnx- ta-[m-Imax tZh-Xm-˛-]-c-amflm
Oµx ˛ \nNr-Z-\p-jvSp]v kzcx Km‘mcx
A\zbw
tZh-KWmx ]nXcx N bmw ta[mw D]m-ktX
At·-X-bm-ta-[bm AZy amw ta[m-hn\w Ipcp
kzmlm.
A¿∞w
hnZzm-∑m-cpsS kaq-lhpw ]nXr-°fpw bmsXmcp
_p≤nsb D]m-kn-°p-∂p-thm, tl Cuizcm B
_p≤n-bm¬ Ct∏m-sgs∂ ta[m-hn-bm-°n-bm-epw. AXn-
\mbn Rm≥ Bfl-k-a¿∏Ww sNøp-∂p.
Cu a{¥-Øn¬ Cuiz-cs‚ t]cv A·n F∂m-
Wv. kIe D∂-Xnbpw _p≤n-bn¬ \n¿`-c-am-Wv. Cu
_p≤n -ta-[-bm-Wv. (ta + [m) Fs∂ [mcWw sNøp-
∂-Xm-Wv. ""_p≤n-\m-im-Xv{]-W-iy-Xn.'' _p≤n \in-
®m¬ kI-eXpw \jvS-am-hp-∂p.
tZh-K-W-߃ D]m-kn-°p∂ _p≤n-bmWv icn-
bmb _p≤n; Zm\-h¿ D]mkn-°p-∂-X-√. A`bw,
kXz-kw-ip-≤n, ⁄m\-tbm-K-Øn-ep≈ \njvT, Zm\w,
Zaw, b⁄w, kzm[ymbw, X] v, B¿Phw F∂n-
ßs\ KoX-bn¬ ]d-bp∂ kZvKp-W-ß-fmWv ssZho-
k-º-Øv. B kº-Øp-Iƒ°p-S-b-h¿ tZh-∑m¿. Zw`w,
Z¿]w XpS-ßnb Bkpcokº-Øn-\p-S-b-h¿ Zm\-h-
∑m¿. Rm\m-{K-ln-°p∂ _p≤n tZh-∑m¿ D]m-kn-
°p∂ _p≤n-bm-Wv. ImcWw B _p≤n Fs∂ c£-
I-\m-°p-∂p. ]nXr-°ƒ D]m-kn-°p∂ _p≤n Fs∂
kam-P-Øns‚ kwc-£-I-\m-°p-∂p. F\n-°p-th-≠Xv
temI-Øn\pw kam-P-Øn-\p-w shfn-®-ta-Ip-∂Xpw
c£\¬Ip-∂-Xp-amb _p≤n-bm-Wv. AXp e`n-°m-
\mbn Rms\s‚ kzm¿∞-Xsb XyPn-°p-∂p.
B _p≤nsb Fßs\ kºm-Zn-°mw?
ta[mw ta hcp-tWm ZZmXp ta[m-a·nx {]Pm-]Xnx
ta[m-an-{µ› hmbp› ta[mw
[mXm ZZmXp ta kzmlm ˛ 3˛
Ejnx ta[m-Imax tZhXm ˛ ]c-ta-izc hnZzmwku
Oµx ˛ \nNrXv _rlXo kzcx ˛ a[yax
A\zbw ˛ hcpWx tata[mw ZZm-Xp. {]Pm-]Xnx
A·nx ta[mw ZZmXp C{µx hmbpxN ta[mw ZZmXp
[mXmta ta[mw ZZmXp kzmlm.
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
 A¿Yw
tl hcpW, F\n°v
_p≤nsb \¬In- b mepw. {]Pm-
]Xnbmb At· F\n°p _p≤-
nsb \¬In- b m- e pw. C{µ\pw
hmbphpw _p≤nsb \¬In-bm-epw.
[mXmth F\n°p _p≤nsb
\¬In- b m- e pw. Rm≥ kzm¿Yw
XyPn-°p-∂p.
hcp-W≥ hcn-°p-∂-h-\m-Wv.
hc-W-Øn-eqsS hc≥ ˛ t{ijvT-\m-
b-h≥ ˛ hcp-W≥. kwkm-c-Øn¬ t{]b- v, t{ib v
F∂v c≠p am¿K-ß-fp-≠v. aµ-_p-≤n-Iƒ t{]b-
 ns\ hcn-°p-∂p. Ch¿ e£y-Øn-se-Øp-∂n-√.
t{ijvT-∑m¿ t{ib- ns\ hcn-°p-∂p. Ch¿ DØ-tcm-
Øcw t{ijvT-Xsb {]m]n-°p-∂p. hcp-W≥ t{ib-
 ns\ hcn-°m-\p-X-Ip∂ t{ijvT-_p-≤nsb \¬Ip-
∂p.
A·n A{K-Wn-bm-Wv. A{K-K-Xnsb AYhm
D∂-Xnsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. _u≤n-I-{]-I¿j-amWv
D∂-XnbpsS Af-hp-tIm¬. A·n D∂Xn{]m]n-°m-
\p-X-Ip∂ _p≤nsb \¬Ip-∂p.
{]Pm-]Xn kIe {]P-I-fp-sSbpw ]me-I-\m-Wv.
D∂Xn{]m]n-®-h-cpsS Npa-X-e-bmWv {]P-I-fpsS kwc-
£-Ww. AXn-\p-X-Ip-∂ _p≤nsb {]Pm-]Xn \¬-
Ip∂p.
D∂Xn {]m]n®v {]Pmkwc-£Ww sNøp-∂h≥
PntX-{µn-b\ - m-hW
- w. hnj-be
- º
- S- Xzw Ah-\X
- n-bp-≠m-
°pw. AXn-\m¬ C{µ≥ PntX-{µn-b-\m-hm≥ klm-
b-I-amb ta[sb \¬Ip-∂p.
hmbp kZm -{In-bm-io-e-\m-Wv. {]Pm-kw-c-£-I-
\mb PntX-{µn-b≥ hmbp-hn-s\-t∏mse kZm-K-Xn-bm-
h-Ww. \njvIm-a-I¿aIpi-e-\m-h-Ww. Ahs\ Ae-
kX Xo≠mt\ ]mSn√. Ae-k-\mbm¬ Ipam¿K-
Øn¬ Ncn-°pw. AXn-\m¬ hmbp-hn-t\mSv I¿a-Ip-i-
e-X°p th≠p∂ _p≤n-sb {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.
[mXmhv k¿h-[m-c-I-\m-Wv. _p≤n-bmWv \sΩ
\ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬ [mXmhv [mc-W-°p-X-
Ip∂ _p≤nsb \¬Ip-∂p. t{ib- v, D∂-Xn, {]Pm-
kw-c-£-Ww, PntX{µnb-Xzw, I¿a-Ip-i-eX, k¿-h-
[m- c - I Xzw F∂nh kzmb- Ø - a m- ° m- \ p- X - I p∂
_p≤nsb \mw kºm-Zn-°-Ww. Aßs\ bYm¿∞
{iosb {]m]n- ° p- ∂ p. ASpØ a{¥- Ø n¬ Cu
{iosb-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-∂p.
CZwta {_“ N- £{Xw tNmt`-{inbaiv\p-Xmw.
abn tZhm Z[Xp-{in-b-ap-Øamw XsskytX kzmlm
˛4
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
Ejnx {- io-Im-ax- tZ-hXm ˛ hnZz-
{Zm-Pm\u Oµx A\p-jvSp]v kzcx
˛ Km‘mcx
A\zbw
ta CZw {_“ N ta
CZw£{Xw N Dt`-{inbw Aiv\p-
Xmw.
tZhm abn DØamw {inbw
Z[-Xp. Xsskz tX kzmlm.
A¿∞w
Fs‚ Cu {_“-tX-Pkpw Fs‚bo £{X-tX-
Pkpw Cu c≠pw-IqSn sFiz-cysØ {]m]n-°-s´.
hnZzm∑m¿ AYhm ZnhyKpW-߃ F∂n¬ DØ-a-
amb {iosb [m-cWw sNø-s´. B \n\-°mbn Rm\m-
fl-k-a¿∏Ww sNøp-∂p.
{_“-i_vZw _rln-hr≤u F∂ [mXp-hn¬
\n∂pw \njv]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p. ⁄m\-amWv kI-e
hr≤n-bp-sSbpw aqe-Im-c-Ww. AXn-\m¬ {_“-i_vZw
⁄m\-sØ-°p-dn-°p-∂p. Cu ⁄m\w k¿h{X
hf¿∂n-cn-°p∂ {_“sØ Ah-km\w ImWn-®p-X-
cp-∂p. £{X-i_vZw _e-Øns‚ hmN-I-am-Wv. _ew
I¿a-Øn¬ \n∂p-ap-≠m-hp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ £{Xw
I¿a- Ø ns‚ {]Xo- I - a m- W v . F∂n¬ ⁄m\hpw
I¿ahpw c≠pw ]pjv ] n®v ^e- t a- I - s ´. ⁄m\-
Øns‚ hnImkw tlXp-hmbn Fs‚ {io DXvIr-jvS-
am- h p- ∂ p. _e- Ø n- s ‚bpw {Inbm- i - ‡ n- b p- s Sbpw
hnIm- k - ^ - e - a mbn {io ˛ DØ- a w ˛ A[nIw
DXvIrjvSw ˛ BIp-∂p.
Znhy-Kp-W-߃ F∂n¬ DØ-a-{iosb [mcWw
sNø-s´. Fs‚ lrZbw ssZho-k-º-Øn-\m¬ \nd-
b-s´. ssZhokº-Øns‚ Nc-a-koa \mXn-am-\nX
AYhm hn\-b-am-Wv. Fs‚ akvXnjvIw ⁄m\w-
sIm≠pw ssIIƒ _ew-sIm-≠pw (I¿a-Ip-i-eX
sIm≠pw) lrZbw hn\-bw-sIm-≠pw DXvIr-jvS-X-a-
am-I-s´. "{io' hnjvWp-]-Xv\n-bm-Wv. hnjvWp {Xnhn-
{I-a-\m-Wv. a\p-jy≥ ⁄m\n am{X-am-Ip-tºmƒ GI-
hn-{I-a-\m-Wv. a\p-jy≥ ⁄m\nbpw I¿a-Ip-i-e-\p-
am-hp-tºmƒ Zznhn-{I-a-\m-Wv. ⁄m\nbpw I¿a-Ipi-
e\pw Znhy-Kp-W-im-en-bp-am-hp-tºmƒ {Xnhn-{I-a-\m-hp-
∂p. kXy-Øn¬ At∏m-g-h≥ "{io]-Xn'bmhp-∂p.
A√tbm `K-hmt\ B {io°p th≠n Rm≥ Fs‚
kzm¿Yw XyPn- ° p- ∂ p. Bflm¿∏Ww sNøp- ∂ p.
Cßs\ {io]- X n- b mbn temIIeym- W - Ø n- \ mbn
Bflm¿∏Ww sNøp- ∂ - h - \ m- W v ta[m- h n. ta[m-
kq‡Øns‚ a\-\-Øn-eqsS \mw kam¿÷n-t°-
≠Xpw Cu ta[m-hn-Xz-am-Wv.
¯
21
aIvtemUvK©nse hnjm-Z-ta-L-߃
HIvtSm-_-dns‚ BZy-
]-Ip-Xn-bn¬, aWm-en-bn¬ \n∂v
[¿Ω-im-e-bn-te°v ]pd-s∏-Sp-
tºmƒ Fs‚ a\- n¬
aIvtemUv-K©ns\-°pdn®v
Imev]-\n-I-amb Nne DtZz-K-ß-fp-
≠m-bn-cp-∂p. _p≤-a-{¥-ßfpw
\a-kvIm-c-ßfpw \nd™ ]¿∆-
X-Kw-`o-cX {]uVhpw {]im-¥-
hp-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂mbn-cp∂p
{]Xo-£. ]‰p-sa-¶n¬ Zsse-em-
asb H∂p ImW-W-sa∂pw
hnNm-cn-®n-cp-∂p.
\K-dn¬ \n∂v Ipfp-hgn
[¿Ω-im-e-bn-te-°p≈ hgn-bn¬
lnam-N¬{]-tZ-ins‚ hnhn-[-ß-
fmb `q{]-Ir-Xn-bn-eqsS \mw IS-
∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. _nbmkv Xoc-Øp-
IqSn k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ \Zn-°-
∏pdw Db¿∂p-t]m-Ip-∂ ]¿∆-X-
irw-Kß -- ƒ ImWmw. CS°v
B∏nƒtXm-´-߃, tImfn-^vf-h-
22
sI.-_n. {]k-∂-Ip-am¿
dns‚ ]mS-߃. lnam-N-ens‚
Im¿jn-I-`q-{]-IrXn Iem-]-c-
amb km∂n-≤y-am-Wv. s\¬s®-Sn-
Iƒ \nd™v lcn-Xm-`-amb ]mS-
߃. CS°v tZh-Zmcpac-ß-fpsS
h\-tNm-e-Iƒ. Cu ImgvN-I-fn-
eqsS aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ \o≠
bm{X-bn¬ t¢i-ß-sfm∂pw
\ma-dn-bp-∂n-√.
Ct∏mƒ Zsse-em-a-bpsS
Bÿm-\-amb aIvtemUvK©v
BsIbpw \n»-_vZ-ambn ImW-
s∏-Sp-∂p. {]th-i-\-Zzmcw IS-∂m-
ep-S≥ Xs∂ H´-\-h[n t]cpsS
Nn{X-ß-fp≈ hen-sbmcp
t]mÿ BWv ImWm-\n-S-bm-b-
Xv. GI-tZiw \qtdmfw t]cp-sS
Nn{X-߃. Hfn-ºn-Ivkn\p
apºmbn ssN\okv ]oU\w
G‰p-hm-ßn-b-hcpsS Nn{X-ß-fm-
WXv F∂v Nph-´n-¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-
≠v. Cu Zpc-¥-kq-N-\-I-tfm-sS-
bmWv aIvtemUvK©v C∂v
\sΩ hc-th¬°p-∂-Xv. Xn_-
Øns‚ thcp-I-f-dp-°p∂ {]{In-
b-bpsS {IqcX BZyw-Xs∂ a\-
 n-em-°s´ F∂m-hmw.
aIvtemUvK©n\p sXm´p-apºv
Hcp C¥y≥ ssk\n-I-tI-{µ-ap-
≠v. F¶nepw AsXm-∂pw
Ah¿°v th≠{X kpc-£n-X-Xz-
t_m[w \¬Ip-∂p-sh∂v
tXm∂p-∂n-√. _p≤-t£-{X-
Øn\p ap∂n¬ \n¬-°p--tºmƒ,
hr≤-cmb kv{Xo]p-cp-j-∑m¿
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
{]Wm-a-ß-f¿∏n-°p-hm≥ FØp-
∂Xv ImWmw. sNdp-∏-Øn¬
Xs∂ Xn_-Øn¬\n∂v
ssN\okv ]oU-\-ß-tf‰v ]em-
b\w sNbvX-h-cm-W-h¿. hnim-e-
amb hr≤-ap-J-ß-fn¬ kzcm-Py-
Øns‚ Hm¿Ω-bpsS hnjm-Z-ta-
L-߃, L\o-`-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
kz¥w Bhm-k-ÿ-eØv \n∂v
{`jvS-cm-°-s∏´v Hc-b¬-
cmPysØ ae-ap-I-fn¬ Ac-\q-‰m-
≠mbn Ign-bp∂ Ah-cpsS
A\p-`-h-temIw ZpxJ-Xo-{h-am-Wv.
aIvtemUv-K©nse Xn_-Ø≥
ayqknbw t£{X-Øn-\-Sp-Øp-X-
s∂. ssN\okv B{I-a-W-ß-
fpsS hnhn-[ Nn-{X-߃°mWv
Ahn-sSbpw {]m[m-\yw. ]oU-\-
I-Y-Iƒ XpS-sc-∏-d-bp∂
hoUntbm^nen-ap-Iƒ AhnsS
]I¬ap-gp-h≥ {]Z¿in-∏n-®p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm apJØpw
{]Xo-£m-cm-ln-Xy-Øns‚
a߬ ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≠v.
ap≥Im-e-ßsf At]-£n®v
\ΩpsS `c-W-Iq-Shpw Ah-tcm-
Sp≈ kl-Xm-]-a-\x-ÿnXn Ipd-
®p-h-cn-I-bm-sW∂p tXm∂p-∂p.
A\oXn t\cn-Sp-∂-h-tcm-Sp≈
klXm-]hpw Xm¬]-cyhpw
\ΩpsS `c-W-Iq-S-Øn\pw Ipd-
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
™p-h-cn-I-bm-W-t√m. Zsse-ema
At∏mƒ AhnsS D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-
√. NnIn-’m¿∞w Zn√n°v
t]mbn-cn-°p-∂p.
Ct∏m-gpw, Xn_-Øn¬\n∂v
ssN\okv B{I-aWw `b∂v
A`-bm¿∞n-Iƒ [¿Ω-im-e-bn-
se-Øp-∂p-≠v. 2007¬ Cß-s\-
sb-Ønb-h-cpsS FÆw 2338
BsW∂v a\p-jym-h-Im-i-
Øn\pw P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\pw
th≠nbp≈ Xn_-Ø≥ tI{µ-
Øns‚ hm¿jn-I-dn-t∏m¿´n¬ ]d-
bp-∂p. AXn¬Xs∂ ]Ip-Xn-bn-
tesd ]Xn-s\´p hb- n\p
Xmsg-bp-≈-h¿. ssN\-
bn¬\n∂p≈ IpSn-tb-‰-°m-cpsS
FÆw Xn_-Øn¬ IqSp-I-bm-Wv.
Xn_-Ø≥taJ-e-Iƒ thKw
Xs∂ ssN\okv \K-c-ß-fmbn
amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Xn_-
Ø≥ kwkvIr-Xn°v hncp-≤-amb
Ht´-sd-°m-cy-ß-fmWv B hn[w
{]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. Iim-∏p-im-e-Iƒ,
akmPv]m¿e-dp-Iƒ F∂n-ßs\
Xn_-Ø≥ kwkvIm-c-Øns‚
`mK-a-√mØ ]e-Xpw. Xn_-Ø-
cpsS ]pXnb Xe-ap-d°v
ssN\okv `mj -BWv IqSp-X¬
tI´p-io-ew. Xn_-Ø≥ amXr-
`mj \in-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
`mj-bpsS acWw Hcp kwkvIr-
Xn-bpsS ac-W-am-W-t√m.
Zsse-em-a-bpsS {]kn-≤-
amb Hcp {]kvXm-h-ap-≠v: ""apgp-
h≥ Xn_-Ø≥ {]tZ-ihpw a\p-
jy-hw-i-Øn-s‚bpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-
sSbpw kzX-{¥hpw kuP-\y-hp-
amb A`-b-ÿm-\-am-I-W-sa-
∂mWv Fs‚ kz]v\w. kam-[m-
\-tØmsS, kt¥m-j-tØmsS
AhnsS Ah¿°v Ign-bmw.
kakvXtemI-sØbpw Bfp-
Iƒ°v im¥n-sb-s¥∂v At\z-
jn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcn-S-am-IWw
AXv. CX-c-tem-I-Øns‚
kΩ¿±-ßfpw ]oU-\-ßfpw
C√mØ Hcn-Sw. kam-[m-\-
Øns‚ A`n-hr-≤-n°pw hnIm-k-
Øn-\p-ap-≈ Hcp tI{µ-ambn,
k¿Km-fl-I-tI-{µ-ambn Xn_Øv
amdWw''.
Zsse-em-a-bpsS kz]v\w
AI-∂-pt]m-hp-I-bm-Wv. \oXnsb
]n¥m-ßp∂ Hcp cmjv{S-sa∂
\ne-bn¬ C¥yXs∂ C∂v
AXn\v ]q¿Æ ]n¥pW \¬Ip-
∂pt≠m F∂v kwi-b-am-Wv.
C¥y-bn-en∂v GI-tZiw Hcp
e£-tØmfw Xn_-Ø≥ A`-
bm¿∞n-I-fp-≠v. _m_p cmtP-
23
{µ-{]-km-Zv, dmw at\m-l¿
temly, Pb-{]-Imiv \mcm-b-
W≥, _n.-B¿. Awt_-ZvI¿,
k¿Zm¿ ]t´¬, ]WvUn‰v Zo≥
Zbm¬ D]m-≤ymb XpS-ßnb
alm-∑m-cmb t\Xm-°-∑m¿ Xn_-
Øn\v A\p-Iq-e-ambn \s´√p
hf-°msX kwkm-cn-®n-´p-≈-h-cm-
Wv. F∂m¬ {ItaW \ΩpsS
t\Xm-°∑m-cpsS kzchpw
Xmgv∂p hcp-∂-Xm-bn-´m-Wv
ImWp-∂-Xv. aqey-ß-fn-e-[-n-jvTn-
X-amb \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ \ap°v
Ipd-hm-Wv. aqey-߃°p-Xs∂
am‰-߃ h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. ]pXnb
Itºmf\mK-cn-IX aqey-ßsf
am‰n-∏-Wn-bp-∂p. ssN\-bpsS
hf¿®-bn¬ IÆp aRvPp-∂-h¿,
Ah¿ Xn_-Ø-tcmSv ImWn-
°p∂ {IqcX ImWm-Xn-cn-°p-
∂p. ssN\ C∂v Xn_-Øns\
Hcp ]´m-f-Øm-h-f-am°n am‰n-bn-
cn-°p∂p-sh-∂mWv ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂-
Xv. ]Xn-t\gv dUm¿ tÃj-\p-I-
fpw, ]Xn-\mev anen-´-dn hnam-\-
Øm-h-f-ß-fpw, F´v anssk¬
tÃj-\p-I-fpw, F¨]-sØm∂v
_menssì anssk-ep-I-fpw,
Fgp-]-tXmfw a‰p
ssk\nItI{µ-ßfpw AhnsS
hn\y-kn-®n´p-s≠-∂mWv
Zn√nbnse "tIm¿ {Kq∏v Hm^v
Sn_-‰≥ tImUv' F∂ kwL-S\
Btcm-]n-°p-∂-Xv. CXp-Iq-SmsX
ssN\-bpsS \yq¢n-b¿amen-\y-
߃ Xn_-Øn-emWv X≈p-∂Xv
F∂pw Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂p. AXv
C¥y°pw t\∏m-fn\pw _¿Ω-
°p-sams° `oj-Wn-I-fp-b¿Øp-
sa∂pw. Aan-X-amb \yq¢n-
b¿amen-\y-߃ lnam-e-b-
]¿∆XsØ Xs∂ _m[n-®p-Iq-
Sm-bvI-bn-√. A[n-\n-th-i-Øn-\p-
apºv Xn_-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂
h\-`q-anbpw ac-ßfpw ssN\
hym]-I-ambn NqjWw sNbvXv
\in-∏n-®p-sh∂ Btcm-]-W-hp-ap-
24
≠v. GXm-≠v 54 _ney¨
tUmfdns‚ XSn ssN\ Xn_-
Øn¬\n∂p- sIm-≠p-t]m-bn-´p-≠-
t{X. CsX√mw Xs∂ Xn_-
Ø≥ ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS
kºq¿W-amb XI¿®bv°v hgn-
h-®p. Xn_-Øn-eqsS Hgp-In-h-
cp∂ {_“-]p-{X-bpsS KXn-am-
‰m≥ ssN\okv Btem-N-\-bp-
s≠∂v Btcm-]-W-ap≠v. AXv
kn‘p-hn-te°pw
kXvePnte°pw hym]n-°mw.
Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ AXv C¥y-sb
Ip-d-s®m-∂p-a√ _m[n-°p-∂-Xv.
C¥y-bn-seØp-tºmƒ Intem-ao-
‰-dn-\p-ta¬ hoXn-bp≈ `mK-߃
B¨\Zn F∂ k¶-ev]-ap≈
{_“-]p-{X-bv°p-≠v. Xn_-
Ønse ]cn-bm-ßn-\-Sp-Øv, Cu
\Zn Rm≥ apdn-®p-I-S-∂n-cp-∂p,
Ahn-sS-Xs∂ kmam\yw hoXn-
bn-emWv am\-k-tcm-
hc˛ssIemk `mK-ß-fn¬\n∂v
{]h-ln-°p∂ Cu \Znsb
ImWm≥ Ign-™-Xv. Pe-km-{µ-
am-bpw.
ssIemk ˛ am\-k-k-tcm-
h¿ `mK-߃ ssN\ {]tXyIw
t\m´-an-´n-cn-°p∂ {]tZ-i-am-Wv.
Chn-sS-\n-∂mWv al-Ømb Nne
\Zn-Iƒ cq]w-sIm≠v C¥y-bn-
te°v Hgp-Ip-∂-Xv. Cu {]Ir-
Xym-\p-{K-lsØ NqjWw
sNøm-\mWv ssN\ {ian-°p-∂-
Xv. Ct∏mƒ, ssIemk ˛ am\-k-
k-tcm-h¿ bm{X ssN\okv A[n-
Ir-X-cpsS Zbsb am{Xw ASn-
ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv \S-°p-∂-Xv.
Hfn-ºnIvkv {]am-Wn®v 2008 ¬
ssIem-k -˛- am-\-k-k-tcm-h¿
bm{Xbv°v {]Xn-_-‘-ß-fp-
≠mbn. B \S-]-Snsb tNmZyw
sNøm≥ \-ΩpsS `cW-Iq-Shpw
Xøm-dm-bn-√. \ΩpsS am[y-a-ß-
ƒ°v AsXmcp hm¿Ø-t]m-ep-am-
bn-√. Xn_-Øns‚ ssN\-h¬°-
cWw Hcp-]mSv cmjv{Sob kmaq-
lnI {]iv\-߃°pw hgn-sh-
°p-∂p-≠v. Xn_Øv im¥n-bpsS
Hcp _^¿ta-J-e-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
B {]k‡n ssN\okv
kºq¿Æm-[n-\n-th-i-tØmsS
\jvS-ambn hcn-I-bm-Wv. Xn_-
Øn-emsI ssN\-°msc \nd-°m-
\p≈ {ia-amWv \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. 1950\v apºv emk-bn¬
ssN\-°m¿ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-tX-bn-
√. C∂v emk-bnse ssN\okv ˛
Xn_-Ø≥ A\p-]mXw 3:1
BWv.
""............. \n›-b-ambpw
Rm\p-b¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p∂ hnizm-
k-߃°-\p-k-cn®v Xn_-Øns\
kw_‘n-°p∂ A¥n-a-hm°v,
Xn_-Ø≥ P\-X-bp-tSXv
Xs∂bmbn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw a‰m-cp-
sSbpw Bbn-cn-°-cp-
sX∂pw''†1950 Unkw-_¿ 7 \v
Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdp C¥y≥
]m¿e-sa‚n¬ ]d-™p. Hcp
cmPyw as‰mcp cmPy-sØ-°p-dn®v
sNøp∂ ZrV-amb {]Jym-]-\-am-
bn-cp∂p AXv. AXv Hcp \ne-]m-
Sm-Wv. _lp-kz-c-Xsb AwKo-I-
cn-°p∂ P\m-[n-]-Xy-\n-e-]m-Sv.
BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-WsØ
F¥n\pw ta¬ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-®p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ (C-t∏mƒ Nne
ktµ-l-߃ {]I-Sn-∏n-®p-Xp-S-ßn-
bn-´p-s≠-¶n-epw) C¥y C∂v
AØcw kpZr-V-amb \ne-]m-Sp-
Iƒ FSp-°n-√. _lp-kz-c-X-
bm¿∂ kmwkvIm-cnI [mc-Iƒ
{][m-\-am-sW∂ [mc-W-t]mepw
\ap-°n-∂n-√. AXn-s\m-s°-bp≈
[oj-Wbpw \oXn-t_m-[-hpw
Icp-Wbpw am{X-a-√, kuµ-
cyt_m-[hpw C∂v \ΩpsS
t\Xm-°-∑m¿°v \jvSs∏´n-cn-°p-
∂p. C¥y≥ CS-Xp-]-£-am-I-s´,
Xn_-Ø≥ {]iv\-Øn¬ Ip‰-I-c-
amb au\hpw Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂p.
kz¥w hnI-k-\-Øn-\p-th≠n
Bscbpw NqjWw sNøp∂
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
km{am-PyXz\ne-]m-Sn¬\n∂v ASn-
ÿm-\-]-c-ambn am‰-an-√mØ \ne-
]m-SmWv Xn_-Øns‚ Imcy-
Øn¬ ssN\ FSp-°p-∂-Xv
{]`m-X-Øn¬ aIvtemUv-
K©n-se-Øp-tºm-ƒ kµ¿iI-
_mlp-eytam Xnc-°p-Itfm
H∂pw ImWp-∂n√. [¿Ω-ime
DW¿∂p-h-cp-∂-tX-bp-≈q.
t£{X-Øn\p apºn¬ ]c-º-cm-K-
X-co-Xn-bn¬ kmjvSmwK\a-
kvImcw sNøp∂ ct≠m aqt∂m
Xn_-Ø≥Imsc I≠p. B \a-
kvIm-c-߃ At\Iw XhW
Bh¿Øn-°p-∂p. `qansb XpSsc
\a-kvI-cn®v Xn_-Ø¿ ssIem-
k-]-cn-{IaWw \S-Øm-dp-≠v.
A¤p-X-I-c-amWv B {]hr-
Ønbpw AXn\p ]›m-Ø-e-amb
hnizm-k-hpw. Xß-fn-te°v HSn-
™p-a-Sßn t£{X-Øn-te-°p-h-
cp∂ Nne hr≤sc I≠p. Ah-
cpsS IÆp-I-fn¬ iq\y-Xbpw
\n w-K-X-bp-ap-≠v. bqtdm-]y≥
cmPy-ß-fn¬\n-∂p≈ Nnesc
I≠p. Ah-cn¬ _p≤-a-X-Øn¬
]T\w \S-Øn-b-h-cp-≠v. Hcp
kwkvIrXn \in-°p-∂-Xn¬
Ah¿ DXvI-WvTm-Ip-e-cm-Wv.
""Hcp Pohn-hwiw \in-°m≥ XpS-
ßp-tºmƒ AXns\ kwc-£n-
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
°m≥ C∂v temI-am-sIbpw {ia-
߃ \S-°pw. F∂m¬ Hcp
kwkvIrXn \in-°p-tºmƒ
F¥p-sIm-≠v AØ-c-samcp
c£m-{iaw BtKm-fo-b-ambn \S-
°p-∂n√?'' Hcp kznkv k©mcn
Ft∂mSp tNmZn-®p. Xs‚ aI-
fpsS aI-\p-th≠n Xn_-Ø≥
ap{Z-I-fp≈ Hcp Soj¿´v hmßnb
C‰-en-°mcn Ft∂mSv ]d™p;
""CXv Rm\-h-\p-th-≠n-bmWv
hmßp-∂-sX-¶nepw icn°v CXv
F\n-°p-th≠n Xs∂-bmWv
hmßp-∂-Xv. Cu ap{Z-Iƒ Ah\v
a\- n-em-In-√. F∂m¬ Ah-\Xv
C´p\S-°p-tºmƒ \mSp-I-S-Ø-
s∏´ Hcp P\-k-aq-l-tØmSv
Rm≥ kvt\l-hpw sFIyhpw
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p''.
Xn_-Ø≥ P\-X-°v Ah-
cpsS aX-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI {]h¿-
Ø\ kzmX-¥yw A\p-h-Zn-°m-
dp≠v F∂mWv ssN\ ]d-bp-∂-
Xv. F∂m¬ ÿnXn adn-®m-Wv.
]ptcm-ln-X¿°v Xn_-Øn¬ Hcn-
S-Øp-\n∂v as‰m-cn-S-tØ°v
t]mIp-hm≥ hsc ssN\okv
s]¿an‰v thWw. _p≤-kvXq-]-
ßtfm B{i-a-ßtfm \n¿Ωn-°p-
∂-Xn¬ i‡-amb \ntcm-[-\-ap-
≠v. Bflob t\Xm-°-∑msc
{]Xn-hn-π-h-Im-cn-I-fmbn
ssN\okv k¿°m¿ ImWp-∂p.
Xn_Øv hnim-e-amb Hcp ÿe-
am-sW-¶nepw AXns‚ P\-
kwJy sNdp-Xm-Wv. ssN\okv
A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Xn_-Øn¬ P\-
\-\n-b-{¥Ww ASn-t®¬∏n-°p-
∂p F∂ Btcm-]-W-ap-≠v. Hcp
Ip´n am{X-ap≈ Xn_-Ø≥ Zº-
Xn-am¿°v kΩm-\-ta¿s∏-Sp-Øp-
Ibpw H∂n¬ IqSp-X-em-bm¬
]ng-bo-Sm°pIbpw sNøp-∂p-h-
t{X. c≠m-aXv ]nd-°p∂ Ip´n°v
dkn-U≥jy¬ s]¿an‰v \¬Ip-
I-bpan√. ""\n߃ Hcp Xn_-Ø-
\m-sW-¶n¬, \n߃°v P\n-
°m≥ t]mep-ap≈ kzmX-{¥y-
an√'', Zsse-ema ]d-bp-∂p. Cu
{]iv\w Xn_-Ø≥ P\-kw-
Jysb kmc-ambn _m[n-°p-∂p-
≠v. Xn_-Ønse I¿j-I¿ Ah-
cpsS hnf-bpsS Gdnb ]¶pw
\nIp-Xn-bmbpw \n¿_-‘nX hn]-
W-\-Øn-\mbpw \¬I-Ww. ]≠v
ssN\okv]m¿´n- Nq-j-W-sa∂v
hnfn-®-Xns\ C∂v Ah¿ Xs∂
Xn_-Øcn¬ ASn-t®¬∏n-°p-
∂p. Xn_-Ønse h\y-Po-hn-Iƒ
\mi-Øns‚ h°n-em-Wv. kmº-
ØnIem`-Øn-\m-bn, a‰p-cm-Py-
߃°p-t]mepw Ah-cpsS
25
tdUntbm BIv‰ohv
amen-\y-߃ ]pd-¥-
≈m≥ Xn_-Ønse `qan
A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p. A\n-b-
{¥n-X-amb teml-J-\-\-
amWv C∂v Xn_-Øn¬
\S-Øp-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬
Xn_-Øv A]-I-S-I-c-amb
coXn-bn¬ ]mcn-ÿn-
XnI\mihpw aen-\o-I-c-
Whpw t\cn-Sp-∂p. ]Ww
\¬Im-\n-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬
Xn_-Ø≥ tcmKn-Iƒ°v Bip-]-
{Xn-bn¬ t]mIm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√.
ssN\okv tUmIvS¿am-cpsS ]co-
£-W-߃°mbv Kn\n-∏-∂n-I-
fmbv Xn_-Ø≥ tcmKn-Iƒ
amdp∂ kµ¿`hpw Ipd-h-√. B
coXn-bn¬ th≠{X NnIn-’-bn-
√msX H´-\-h[n Xn_-Ø¿
NsØm-Sp-ßp-∂p. Kh¨sa‚ v
DS-a-ÿ-X-bn-ep≈ kvIqfp-I-fn¬
ssN\okv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°mWv
{]th-i\w e`n-°p-∂-Xv. km[m-
cW Xn_-Ø¿°v hnZym-`ymk
kuIcyw hfsc ]cn-an-X-am-Wv.
hntZ-i-k-lm-b-Øm¬ Xn_-
Ø≥ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Nne
kvIqfp-Iƒ D≠m°p-∂p-sh-
¶nepw {]Xn-hn-π-h-{]-h¿Ø\w
Btcm-]n®v ]eXpw \in-∏n-°-
s∏-Sp-∂p. Xn_-Ø≥ `mj°v
bmsXmcp {]m[m-\yhpw
k¿°m¿ \¬Ip-∂n-√.
ssN\okv `mj-bmWv Gsdbpw
]Tn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Cu hn[w
Ai-c-Whpw \ncm-ew-_-hp-amb
Hcp Ahÿ Xn_-Ø≥ P\X
t\cn-Sp-∂p-.
ssN\okv A[n-\n-th-i-Øn-
\p-apºv Xn_-Øn-te°v
t]mIm≥ `mc-Xo-b¿°v
cmjv{Sob A\p-aXn Bh-iy-am-
bn-cp-∂n-√. Xt]m-h\kzman-Ifpw
a‰pw hfsc kzmX-{¥-am-bn´mWv
Xn_-Øn-eqsS bm{X sNbvXv
ssIemkbm{X ]e-X-hW \S-
26
Øn-b-Xv. am\-k-k-tcm-hdpw
ssIem-khpw C¥y-°m¿°pw
Xn_-Ø¿°pw Hcp-t]mse
]pWy-ÿ-e-ß-fm-Wv. lnµp-
°fpw _p≤-a-X-°mcpw ssIem-
ksØ Bcm-[n-°p-∂p. 2005¬
ssIemk˛am-\-k-k-tcm-h¿
bm{X-°n-S-bn¬ Ipsd Znh-k-
߃ Xn_-Øn-eqsS k©-cn-
°m≥ F\n°p Ign-™p. \t∂
XWpØ Im‰v Ft∏mgpw hoin-
s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ hr£-iq-\y-
amb Xn_-Ø≥ ]oT-`q-an-bn-eq-
sS-bp≈ k©mcw ico-c-Øn\pw
a\- n\pw Hcp sh√p-hnfn Xs∂-
bm-bn-cp-∂p. CSbv°v CSn-™p-
s]m-fn™ Nne sI´n-Sm-h-in-jvS-
ßtfm I¬°p-∂p-Iƒ sIm≠p-
a-d® Nne emh-W-ßtfm
ImWmw. \mtSm-Sn-I-fmb Xn_-
Ø¿ Chn-sS-bmWv Ign-bp-∂-Xv.
sXfn™ kqcy\pw lna-°m‰pw
Ah-cpsS ico-csØ \t∂ Idp-
∏n-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚
bmsXmcp sshhn-[y-ß-fp-a-dn-bm-
sX, th≠{X `£-Wtam A`-b-
ÿ-m-\tam C√msX Ae-™p-\o-
ßp∂ Xn_-Øsc bm{X-°n-S-
bn¬ Rm≥ I≠n-cp-∂p.
temIØv Cß-s\bpw a\p-jy-
Po-hn-Xtam F∂v \n߃ \Sp-
ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂p. t]mIp-∂Xv
hnkva-b-a-t\m-l-c-Zr-iy-ß-fpsS
ktcm-h-c-Øn-te°pw Kncn-irw-K-
Øn-te-°p-am-sW-¶nepw hgn-bn¬
I≠p-ap-´p∂ Xn_-Ø≥
Zpcn-X-߃ a\- ns\
BIp-e-am-°p-∂p. CS-
°p≈ sNdpXm-h-f-ß-
fn¬ Xn_-Ø≥ Pohn-X-
Øns‚ A\m-Y-Xzhpw
Acm-P-I-Xzhpw hy‡-am-
Wv. am\-k-˛-ssI-em-k-ß-
fpsS tXtPm-`m-h-߃°-
∏p-dØv Xn_-Øns‚
ZpcnX]em-b-\-ß-fpsS
IdpØ kXy-hp-ap-≠v.
]Øp-a-Wn-bm-bn´pw
aIvtemUvK©n¬ Xnc-°p-I-fn√.
IS-Iƒ Xpd-∂p-h-cp-∂-tX-bp-≈q.
{]th-i-I-hm-S-\-Øn-\-cnsI
shPn-‰-_nƒ tamtam hn¬°p∂
a≤y-h-b-kvI-I-fmb Xn_-Ø≥
kv{XoI-sf ImWmw. Ipg®
amhn-\p-≈n¬ ]®-°-dn-Iƒ h®v
Bhn-bn¬ thhn® tamtam cpNn-
I-c-am-Wv. Xn_-Ø≥ kv{XoIƒ
s]mXp-hn¬ DXvkmln-Ifpw
A≤zm-\n-°p-∂-h-cp-am-Wv. {]Xo-
£m-c-ln-X-am-sbmcp at\m-`m-h-am-
Wv aIvtemUvK©n-¬ BsIbpw
ImWm≥ Ign-bp-I. F¶nepw
AXn-\n-S-bn-eqsS Xß-fpsS
BZ¿i-߃ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn®v
Pohn-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ {ian-°p-
∂p. B \ne-]m-SmWv Ah-cpsS
Pohn-X-k-tµiw.
aIvtemUvK©n\p Np‰pw Db¿∂
lcn-X-irw-K-ß-fm-Wv. Hcp
Ipfn¿Im‰v _p≤-\mbn Ae-bn-f-
In-sb-Øp-∂p-. F¶nepw
aIvtemUvK©n-¬ kp{]-[m-\-am-
sbmcp "C√mbva' \mw kv]¿in-
°p-∂p. AXns‚ t]¿ kzmX-
{¥y-sat∂m kmwkvIm-cnI
kzXz-sat∂m AtXm Pohn-X-sa-
∂p-X-s∂tbm? Cw•o-jn¬
Wisdom Fs∂mcp hm°p-≠-
t√m. aIvtemUvK©nse Xn_-
Ø≥ apJ-ß-fn¬ AXns‚
A`mhw \mw kv]¿in-°p-∂p. ¯
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-

kotdm ^manßv F∂
]Zw Pohn-XØ
- n¬ BZy-ambn tI´-
t∏mƒ AXns‚ A¿∞w a\- n-
em-bn-√. H∂pw Irjn sNøm-Xn-cn-
°pI F∂v ]®ae- b m- f w.
F∂m¬ AXp icn-b-√. F√mw
Irjn sNøpI F∂ Hc¿∞hpw
AXn-\p-≠v. a\p-jy≥ {]Ir-Xnsb
t{Zmln-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ am{Xw aXn.
Chn- S sØ F√m Poh- P m- e -
߃°pw {]IrXn X\nsb
Blm-c-ap-≠m-°pw. ]Sp-ap-f-bmbn
D≠mb F¥n\pw Huj[KpW-ap-
≠v. XpS-°-Øn¬ ChnsS Hcmfpw
Irjn sNbvXn-´n-√. ^manßv F∂
]Zw h∂- X n\p tijamWt√m
kotdm^manßv F∂- X n- s \- ] ‰n
Nn¥n-°p-I.
I\y- I m- X z- a p≈ `qan- b n¬
kI-eXpw Xg®p hf¿∂pXpS-ßn.
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
Irjn
]n.-B¿. \mY≥
]n∂oSv a\pjy≥ Nn¥n-®p. \ap°v
Bh- i y- a p- ≈ Xp- a m{Xw ChnsS
D≠m-bm¬t]mtc? \ap°v Bh-
iy- a n- √ mØ hkv X p- ° sf "If'
Ifm°n {]Jym-]n®v Ahsb \in-
∏n- ° p- I . Bh- i y- a p- ≈ - h sb
am{Xw Xnc-s™-SpØv hf¿Øp-
I. Chn-sS-bp≈ F√m sNSn-Ifpw
temI- t £- a - Ø n\v Bh- i y- a m-
sW∂ [mc-W-tb-°mƒ XmevIm-
enI kuI- c y- s Ø- ° p- d n- ® mWv
Nn¥n-®-Xv. Irjn sNøpI F∂
kz`mhw a\p- j y- \ n¬
h∂ptN¿∂p. Zim-h-Xm-c-ß-fn¬
H∂mWv _e-cm-a≥. a\p-jys‚
]cn-Wm-a-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-
s°m≠v Zim-h-Xm-csØ hymJym-
\n-°p-tºmƒ Irjn sNøp-∂-h-
\mWv _e-cm-a≥. Ie-∏sb Bbp-
[-am-°n-s°m≠v _e-cm-a≥ Irjn
sNøm- \ mbn Blzm\w sImSp-
Øp. A{Kn-Iƒ®-d¬ Bcw-`n-®Xv
a\p- j y- c m- i nsb kw_- ‘ n- ® n- S -
tØmfw Hcp henb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-
am-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS \n∂v Iƒ®¿
Bcw-`n-®p. \ap°v ho´n-¬ th≠m-
Ø- s X√mw If- b p- I . If- b p- ∂ -
XmWv If. Cu IfIfpsS Huj-
[-KpWw a\- n-em-°n-bmWv BNm-
cy-∑m¿ Bbp¿thZw Fs∂mcp
NnIn-’m-imJ Xs∂ I≠p]nSn-
®-Xv. F√m sNSn-I-fpw thWw.
Hmtcm kky- Ø n\pw AXn- t ‚-
Xmb Hcp [¿Ωw \n¿-∆-ln-°m-\p-
≠v. sNSn-Iƒ°v a\- p≠v. Ah
Nn¥n-°p-∂p≠v. a\p-jy≥ Nn¥n-
°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ sNSn-Iƒ `mhn-
sb-°p-dn®v Bk-kq-{XWw sNøp-
∂p. Cu Bkq-{XWw BZysØ
apf s]m´p-∂-Xn∂p ap≥]p Xs∂
27

Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. Hcp sNSn G‰hpw
kuI-cy-{]-Z-amb Hcp ÿeØv
\mw \Sp∂p F∂v Icp- X pI.
AXn\v hf- a n´v sh≈- s amgn®v
ip{iq- j n- ° p- ∂ p. a°sf
hf¿Øp∂ amXn-cn-bmWv sNSn
hf¿Øp-∂-Xv. ]s£ AXv DW-
ßn- t ∏m- I p- ∂ p. DW- ß m- \ p≈
Imc-W-sa¥v? AXv sNSn-tbmSv
sNSn-Iƒ°v a\- p≠v.
Ah Nn¥n-°p-∂p≠v. a\p-jy≥
Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ sNSn-Iƒ
`mhn-sb-°p-dn®v Bk-kq-{XWw sNøp-∂p.
Cu Bkq-{XWw BZysØ
apf s]m´p-∂X- n∂p ap≥]pXs∂
Bcw-`n-°p-∂p.
28
tNmZn-°-Ww. Aß-s\-bn-cns°
XnI®pw Aku- I cyw tXm∂n-
°p∂ Hcp ÿeØv Hcp sNSn
Xmt\ apf-bv°p-∂p. B ÿm\w
sNSn Xs∂ Xncs™-Sp-Ø-Xm-Wv.
aÆp tImcn- b n- S mt\m, sh≈w
Hgn®psImSp- ° mt\m Bfn- √ .
F¶nepw Ah≥ hf-cp-∂p. `mhn-
sb-°p-dn®v Hcp Dd® Xocp-am\w
AXn- \ p- ≠ v. CsXmcp henb
hr£-am-Ip-∂p. [mcmfw ^e-߃
\ap°v Xcp-∂p. \mw AXns\ ]Sp-
apf Fs∂ms° hnfn-°p-sa-¶nepw
Cu sNSn kz¥w hnizm-ksØ
apdpsI ]nSn-°p-∂p. am¶m-hnse
Fs‚ tXm´-Øn¬ CØcw sNSn-
Iƒ apf- b v°m- d p- ≠ v. Fs‚
tkh\w Ah Bh-iy-s∏-Sm-dn-√-.
AØcw sNSn- I - f mWv G‰- h p- a -
[nIw ImbvIƒ Xcp- ∂ - X v.
kotdm^mw F∂ ]Z-Øn\v hnim-
e- a mb A¿∞- a p- ≠ v. C\n
AXns‚ XXz-Nn-¥m-]-c-amb hiw
Nn¥n-°mw. \mw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw
CtX- t ]mse `qan- b n¬ hoW
hnØp-I-fm-Wv. ChnsS P\n-°m≥
Hcp Imc-W-ap-≠v. Hcp Dt±-iyhpw
D≠v. Hcp A—- t \bpw AΩ-
tbbpw \mw Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. Cu
`qan- b n¬ ]nd∂phoWm¬
Fßs\ hf-c-W-sa∂v \ap-°-dn-
bmw. Fgp- t ∂‰p \S- ° p- t ºmƒ
Imep-Iƒ CS-dp-∂p. klm-bn-°m-
\mbn Bsc-¶nepw ASp-tØ°p
h∂m¬ IqSn AXv C„-s∏-Sp-∂n-
√. kml-N-cy-߃ A\p-Iq-e-am-b-
Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bmWv hnØn\v
apf s]m´n- b - X v . Cu A¿∞-
Øn¬ Chn-SsØ PohnXw \ap°v
A\p- I q- e - a m- W v . ]Sp- a p- f - b mbn
D≠m-Ip∂ sNSn-Isf t{Zmln-°m-
Xn- c n- ° p- I . Ah [mcmfw ^e-
߃ \evIpw.
Cu `qan-bn¬- G-‰hpw t\´-
߃ sImbv s X- S p- Ø Xv Bcm-
sW∂v Adn- b mtam? Ah¿°v
henb t{]m’m- l - \ - s am∂pw
In´nbn´n√. kotdm^man-ßns‚
Imew ho≠pw hcm≥ t]mIp-∂p.
]e- b n- S Øpw CXv `wKn- b mbn
\n¿hln- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v. X\nsb
hf¿∂-h≥ shbn-en¬ hmSp-I-bn-
√. ImcWw Ah≥ Xobn¬ P\n-
®-h-\m-Wv.
¯
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
 F.-Un. 1819. tPm¨ kvanØv F∂
Cw•ojv DtZym-K-ÿ≥ Hudw-K-_mZv \K-c-Øn¬
Iymºv sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp Znhkw \mbm-´n-
\mbn At±lw AP-¥-bn-se-Øn-t®¿∂p. {Kma-
hm-kn-Iƒ ]pen-I-fpsS Bhm-k-ÿm-\-am-sW∂p
IcpXn t]mIm≥ t]Sn-°p∂ Ccp≠ Im´n-eq-sS-
bm-bn-cp∂p kvanØv IpXn-c-bp-ambn ]m™-Xv.
\mbm-´n-\n-S-bn¬ £oWn-X-\mb At±lw Zmlw-
aqew ASpØp-I≠ Acp-hn-bn-te°nd-ßn. Acp-
kzman kZv`-hm-\µ hn-°-Sp-sØ-Øn-b-t∏mgmWv FXn¿h-i-Ømbn
]md-s°-´n\p Xmsg I¬kvXq-]-ßfpw Kplm-ap-J-
ßfpw ImWp-∂-Xv. Acp-hnbn¬\n∂p sh≈w
IpSn®v Zmlw Xo¿Ø tPm¨ kvanØv Kpl-I-sf
AP-¥bpw Ft√m-dbpw e£y-am°n apI-fn-te°v Ib-dn. Kpl-bv°-Sp-sØ-
Øn-b-t∏mƒ At±lw B›-cy-`-cn-X-\m-bn. Aß-
kµ¿in®p aS-ßp-tºmƒ a\ v s\-bmWv c≠m-bn-c-Øn-e-[nIw h¿jw ]g-°-
AXn-hn-Zq-c-amb ]q¿∆-Im-e-L-´- ap≈ AP¥mKpl-Iƒ temI-Øn\p apºn¬
ho≠pw -Xp-d-∂p-In-´p-∂-Xv.
Øn-te°v aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂p. \cn-®o-dp-Ifpw hepXpw sNdp-Xp-amb ]£n-
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz- 29

Ifpw am{Xw hnl-cn-®n-cp∂ Cu
Kpl-I-fn¬ Xs‚ km∂n≤yw,
1819 G{]n¬ 28 F∂v kvanØv
H∂m-asØ Kpl-bnembn tcJ-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≠v.
alm-cmjv{S kwÿm-\-
Ønse Hudw-K-_mZv ]´-W-
Øn¬\n∂v GI-tZiw 100 In.-ao.
AI-se-bmWv hniz-{]-kn-≤-amb
AP¥mKpl-Iƒ ÿnXnsNøp-
∂-Xv. htJmcm \Zn-bpsS Ic-
bn¬ \nc-\n-c-bmbn 31 Kpl-I-
fmWv \n¿Ωn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
AXn¬ 25 FÆw hnlm-c-
ßfpw (k-\ym-kn-a-T-߃) 5
FÆw {]m¿∞-\m-eb-ßfpw
(ssNXy߃) BWv. hnlm-c-
߃ NXp-cm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ apdn-
Ifpw hcm-¥-Ifpw D≈-h-bm-Wv.
Hmtcm hnlm-c-Ønepw AXn-\p-
tI-{µ-ambn _p≤-{]-Xn-a-tbm-Sp-Iq-
Snb tZhm-e-bhpw ImW-s∏-Sp-
∂p. Iq´w-Iq-´-ambn \n¬°p∂
henb XqWp-Ifpw _p≤-tZ-
hs‚ henb {]Xn-a-Ifpw
ssNXy-ß-fpsS {]tXy-I-X-bm-
30
Wv. lo\-bm-\-_p-≤-a-X-°m¿
_n.-kn. c≠mw-\q‰m-≠n\pw F.-
Un. c≠mw \q‰m-≠n\pw CS-bn¬
D≠m-°n-b-XmWv Ch-sb∂v
hniz-kn-°p-∂p. ]n∂oSv alm-bm-
\-_p-≤-a-X-°m¿ F.-Un. A©pw
Bdpw \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ Ahsb
C∂p ImWp-∂-hn-[-Øn¬ ]cn-
jvI-cn®p. A∂v `cWw \S-Øn-
bn-cp∂ hmI-S-I-cm-Pm-°-∑m-cmWv
\n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb
klm-b-߃ sNbvX-Xv. at\m-l-
c-amb Nn{X-߃sIm-≠pw
inev]-߃ sIm≠pw kº-∂-
amb CXp-t]mse as‰mcp Kpl
temI-sØ-hn-sSbpw ImWm-\m-
hn√.
I√p-fnbpw Np‰n-Ibpw D]-
tbm-Kn®v \qdp-I-W-°n\p
hnZKv≤ inev]n-Iƒ \q‰m-≠p-I-
tfmfw ITn-\-{]-bXv\w
sNbvXmWv ]md-I-fn¬ Cu
alm¤pXw krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
Ah-c-\p-jvTn® al-Ømb
k]cy Hm¿°p-tºmƒ \{a-in-c-
kvI-cm-ImsX hø. Nn{X-Im-c-
∑m¿ hc® krjvSn-I-fn¬ k\ym-
kn-am-cp-≠v. F√m Ah-ÿ-I-fn-
epap≈ kv{Xo]p-cp-j-∑m-cp≠v;
h\-ßfpw Bcm-a-ßfpw cmP-[m-
\n-Ifpw \K-c-ßfpw hnim-e-
amb ka-X-e-ßfpw Dƒs∏sS
{]Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ alm-Zr-iy-ß-
sf√mwXs∂-bp-≠v. sU°m¨
]oT-`q-an-bnse aÆpw {]Ir-Xn-
ZØhkvXp-°-fp-amWv Nn{X-te-
J-\-Øn¬ h¿Æ-߃°mbn D]-
tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Nph-∏v,
a™, Idp-∏v, \oe F∂o \nd-
ß-sf√mw Nn{X-߃°v angn-th-
Ip-∂p.
hmI-SIcmP-hw-i-Ønse
lcn-tk-\s‚ -`-c-W-Im-e-Øv, F.-
Un. 460\pw 480\pw at≤y-bp≈
Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv CXnse `qcn-
`mKw inev]-ßfpw ]q¿Øn-bm-
°n-b-sX∂v hmƒ´¿ Fw. kv]n¶v
F∂ Kth-j-I≥ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-
Sp-∂p. A∂sØ {]K-ev`-cmb
Iem-Im-c-∑m-sc√mw CXn¬
]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv ]d-b-
s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. kv]n¶v ]d-bp-∂-Xv,
lcn-tk-\s‚ Ime-Øn\p
tijw AP¥mKpl-Iƒ Dt]-
£n-°-s∏-´p-sh-∂mWv. XpS¿∂v
1300 Hmfw h¿j-߃ Cu
inemhnkva-b߃ hn-kva-cn-°-
s∏-´pIn-S-∂p.
cq]-Ønepw cN-\-bnepw
kuµ-cyw, A¥- v, kz`m-h-khn-
ti-jX F∂nh Dƒs°m-≠p-
sIm-≠v AP-¥-bnse Nn{X-Ie
hfsc i‡hpw A\p-hm-N-I-
cn¬ kzm[o\w sNep-Øp-∂-h-bp-
am-sW∂v temd≥kv _n∂n-b≥
F∂ Iem-hn-a¿i-I≥ A`n-{]m-
b-s∏-Sp-∂p. {]IrXnZriy-ß-tfmSv
IW-°n-tesd aaX
]pe¿Øp∂ AP-¥-bnse Iem-
cq]w C¥y≥-Ie-bpsS ImX-
emb `mhw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p-≠v.
AP-¥-bn¬ {][m\-ambpw
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
Bte-J\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv
_p≤-tZ-hs‚ ]cn-Xym-K-I-Y-bm-
Wv. temI-Øns‚ ZpxJ-Øn\p
]cn-lmcw ImWm≥ th≠n
cmP-]-Z-hnt]mepw \n m-c-am°n
k¿h-kw-K-]-cn-Xym-Kn-bmbn
k\m-X-\-kXyw Is≠-Ønb
KuX-a-_p-≤s‚ Pohn-X-IY
at\m-l-c-ambn AP-¥m-Kp-l-I-
fn¬ Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
Ccp≠ Kplm-Np-a-cp-I-fn¬
C{Xbpw cay-amb cN\ \S-
Øm-\p≈ {]tXyI i‡n
\¬In-bXv imIy-ap\n Xs∂-
bm-sW∂v Bcpw hniz-kn-®p-
t]m-Ipw.
1983 apX¬ AP¥m Kpl-
Iƒ bps\-kvtIm-bp-sS -tem-I-
ss]-Xr-I-ÿ-e-ß-fn-sem-∂mbn
IW-°m-°-s∏-´p-h-cp-∂p.
Ft√md
Hudw-K-_mZv]´-W-Øn¬-
\n∂v GI-tZiw 28 In.-an. Zqc-
Øn¬ ÿnXnsNøp∂ Hcp
{Kma-amWv Ft√m-d. atl-im-{Zn-
bpsS ASn-hm-c-Øp≈ ]md
Xpc-∂mWv Ft√m-d-bnse
Kplm-t£-{X-߃ \n¿Ωn-®n-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. c≠p Intem-ao-‰¿
\o≠p-In-S-°p∂ 34 Kplm-t£-
{X-ßfn¬ BZysØ 12 FÆw
alm-bm-\-_p≤aX-Øns‚
kw`m-h-\-bmWv. ]n∂o-Sp-≈h
lnµp-˛ssP-\-kw-kvIm-c-߃
{]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂-h-bmWv.
{Zmhn-U-in-ev]-Øns‚
Ie¿∏p≈ Ct¥m-˛-B-cy≥
inev]-kw-hn-[m\w s]mXpsh
F√m Kpl-I-fnepw ImWmw.
`mc-X-Øns‚ inem-in-ev]-hn-Zy-
bpsS G‰hpw ]Izhpw ]cn-
]q¿Æ-hp-amb cq]w Zriy-am-Ip-
∂Xv Chn-sS-bm-Wv. F´pw
H≥]Xpw \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-emWv
Cu Kplm-t£-{X-߃ \n¿Ωn-
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]›n-ta-¥y-bn¬
A∂v cmjv{S-Iq-S-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂p
{]_-e-cmb \mSp-hm-gn-Iƒ.
F´mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂
Z¥n-h¿Ω≥ c≠m-a\pw At±-l-
Øns‚ ]n≥ap-d-°m-c-\mb ip`-
XpwK IrjvW-cm-P-\p-amWv
Ft√m-d-bnse Kplm-t£-{X-
߃ \n¿Ωn-°m≥ ap≥ssI
FSp-Ø-Xv. _p≤-a-X-Kp-lm-t£-
{X-ß-fn-se√mw hnim-e-amb Hcp
k`m-X-ehpw hi-ß-fn¬ CS-\m-
gn-I-fp-ap-≠v. CS-\m-gn-I-fpsS
Dƒ`m-KØv _p≤-`n-£p-°-fpsS
CSp-ßnb apdn-I-fm-Wv. k`m-X-e-
Ønse henb XqWp-Iƒ inev]-
kp-µ-c-ß-fm-Wv. FhnsS t\m°n-
bmepw _p≤-{]-Xn-a-Iƒ
ImWmw. Nne Kplm-t£-{X-߃
c≠pw aq∂pw \ne-I-fn-embn
\n¿Ωn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
lnµpKplm-t£-{X-ß-fn¬
G‰hpw {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂-
XmWv ]Xn-\m-dm-asØ Kplm-
t£-{Xw. cmjv{S-Iq-S-∑m-cpsS
hwi-Øn¬s∏´ IrjvW≥ H∂m-
as‚ Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv CXv
\n¿Ωn-®-sX∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-
∂p. ssIem-k-\m-Y-t£-{Xw
F∂ t]cn¬ CXv {]kn-≤-am-
Wv. A¤p-X-I-c-amb hn[-Øn¬
]md-bpsS apIƒ∏-c-∏n¬\n∂v
Xmtgm´v sImØn-sb-Sp-ØmWv
t£{X-Øn\v cq]w \¬In-bn-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. hnZ-Kv≤-cmb inev]n-
Iƒ°v Cu t£{Xw ]q¿Øn-
bm-°m≥ h-fsc h¿j-߃
Xs∂ th≠n-h∂p F∂p ]d-
bs∏Sp∂p. \me-º-ew, CS-\m-gn-,
K¿`-Kr-lw, apJ-a-WvU]w
F∂n-ßs\ Hcp km[m-cW
t£{X-Øns‚ F√m LS-I-
ßfpw CXn¬ ImWmw. {]th-
i\Zzmcw IS∂v A¶-W-Øn-se-
Øn-bm¬ Db¿∂ apJ-a-WvU-]-
Øns‚ Xmsg CSØpw he-Øp-
ambn c≠v inem-kvXw-`-߃.
AXn-\-Sp-Øp-Xs∂ c≠p KP-
ho-c-∑m-cpsS Iq‰≥ {]Xn-a-Iƒ.
t£{XØn¬ \ndsb at\m-l-c-
ß-fmb {]Xn-am-in-ev]-ß-fm-Wv.
H‰-in-e-bn¬ sImØn-sb-SpØ
Cu t£-{X-Øns‚ inev]-Nm-
Xpcn \sΩ A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-
31
Xs∂ sNøpw. Hcp]s£ [cn®v \nc-\n-c-bmbn t]mIp-∂p.
t£{X-Øns‚ Hmtcm inev]- \mep alm-k-Xy-ßfpw ]©-
߃°pw \q‰m-≠p-I-fpsS IY- ioeXØz-ßfpw a\\w sNbvXv
Ifmbncn°pw ]d-bm-\p-≠m-hpI. hnlm-c-ß-fn¬ [ym\-a-·-cmbncn-
Ah-km-\sØ Kpl-Iƒ °p∂ `n£p-kw-L-߃... ]m]-
ssP\-cp-tS-Xm-Wv. b£n-˛- an-√m-Ø-h-cm-bn, £a-bp≈hcm-
K-‘¿∆hn{K-l-ßfpw Xo¿∞m- bn, hn\-b-io-e-cmbn Ah-sc√mw
¶c hn{K-l-ß-fp-amWv CXn¬ Pohn-®p-I-S-∂p-t]mbn. Xß-tfm-
ImWp-∂-Xv. sSm∏w Pohn-°p∂ kI-e-Xn-
t\bpw Ah¿ kvt\ln-®p.
AP-¥bpw Ft√m-dbpw
\n¿∆m-W-Øns‚ ]c-a-im-¥n-
kµ¿in®p aS-ßp-tºmƒ a\ v
bn¬ Ah-cpsS a\w ebn-®p.
AXn-hn-Zq-c-amb ]q¿∆-Im-e-L-´-
Ah¿ ]I¿∂p-X∂ Aaq-ey-k-
Øn-te°v aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂p.
ºØv ImØp-c-£n-°m≥ km[n-
temI-\-∑-bv°m-bn, _p≤w ic-
®m¬, Ah-tcmSpw cmjv{S-
Ww K—m-an, [¿Ωw icWw K—m- tØmSpw \ap-°p≈ IS-∏m-Sns‚
an, F∂ alm-a-{¥-hp-ambn XYm- Hcw-i-sa-¶n-epw ho´n F∂v
K-X-in-jy-∑m¿ a™-hkv{Xw \ap°v kam-iz-kn-°mw. ¯

th≠Xv htbm-P\ km[-\m-tI-{µ-߃

]fl{io ]n. ]c-ta-iz-¿Pn
B[p-\n-I-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬ hr≤-k-Z-\-ß-f√ hr≤km[-\m-tI-{µ-ß-
fmWv Bh-iy-sa∂v ]fl{io ]n. ]c-ta-iz¿Pn A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´p. hniz-
lnµp]cn- j Øv tIc- f - L - S - I - Ø n- s ‚bpw hnth- I m- \ µ Iƒ®- d ¬
skmssk-‰n-bp-sSbpw kwbp-‡m-`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ H‰-∏m-eØv \n¿Ωn-°p∂
sI. Ip™n-°-Æ-ta-t\m≥ ko\n-b¿ kn‰n-k¨ tlmans‚ inem-ÿm-
]\w \n¿h-ln®v kwkm-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw.
htbm-P-\-tI-{µ-߃ hym]m-c-e£yw h®v {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xm-h-cp-
Xv. kmº-Øn-I-e-£ywh®pw a‰p-]e \nKq-V-e-£ywh®pw {]h¿Øn-
°p∂ tI{µ-ß-fmWv C∂v tIc-f-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ an° hr≤-k-
Z-\-ß-fpw.
hm\-{]-ÿm-{i-a-Øn¬ FØn-b-h¿ `mc-Xob ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ D]-
tbm-K-iq-\y-c-√. \nc-h[n Pohn-Xm-\p`-h-߃ t\Sn-b-h-cm-b-Xp-sIm≠v
kaq-l-\-∑-°p-th≠n \nc-h-[n Imcy-߃ Ah¿°v sNøm≥ Ignbpw.
At±lw Nq≠n-°m-´n.
ko\n-b¿ A°u-≠‚pw tUm. Ip™n-°-Æ-ta-t\m≥ ko\n-b¿
kn‰n-k¨ tlmw {]kn-U‚p-amb tKm]n-\mYv A≤y-£X hln-®p. sk{I-´dn ]n. kptcjv amÿ
kzmK-Xhpw hniz-ln-µp-]-cn-jØv kwÿm-\-J-Pm≥Pn sI.-]n. \mcm-b-W≥ \µnbpw ]d-™p.
hniz-ln-µp-]-cn-jØv kwÿm\ {]kn-U‚ v _n.-B¿ _e-cm-a≥, P\-d¬ sk{I-´dn ImeSn aWn-
I-WvT≥, Hm¿K-ss\-knßv sk{I-´dn Fw.kn h’≥, B¿.-F-kv.-F-kv. hn`mKv {]Nm-cIv DÆn-Ir-jvW≥,
hn`mKv Imcy-hmlv Fw.-_n. apcp-I≥ F∂n-h¿ ]s¶-Sp-Øp.

1186 Xpemw
32 ln-µp-hn-iz-
\m-tSm-Sn-
kn]n-FΩpw atX-X-c-Xzhpw
Xß-fpsS ]m¿´n-°m-cmb P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ
aX-]c - a
- mb s]mXpNS-ßp-If - n¬ kw_-‘n-°c - p-sX∂v
kn]nFw t\Xm-°ƒ hne-t°¿s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xns\
tNmZyw sNbvXp-sIm≠v, ""ASpØImew-hsc Be-
∏p-g-bnse kn]nFw Fw-]nbmbn-cp∂ tUm. sI.Fkv.
at\mPv kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ tIkp-sIm-Sp-°m≥
t]mIp-∂p-sh∂ hm¿Ø \mtSm-Snsb H´pw-Xs∂
A¤p- X - s ∏- S p- Ø p- ∂ n- √ . Hcp- I m- e Øv Id- I - f ™
Iayq-Wn-kv-‰p-Im¿°p-t]mepw ]m¿´n-bpsS km[m-cW
saº¿jn∏v In´m≥ _p≤n-ap-´m-bn-cp-∂p. ]ns∂-bt√
]m¿´n-bpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ a’-
cn®v FwF¬- F bpw Fw]n- b p- a m- h p∂ Imcyw!
Aßs\ Fw- F ¬- F Bbn- Ø o¿∂ Id- I - f ™
Iayq- W n- k v ‰ p t\Xmhv Xr»q¿Pn- √ - b nse \m´nI
aWvU-e-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n[n sI. Fkv. \mb¿ t\Xr-
Xz-hp-ambp≈ A`n-{]m-b-`n-∂-X-aqew kn]n-sF-bn-
te°v Iqdp- a m- d n- s b∂ H‰- ° m- c - W - Ø m¬
tX°n≥ImSv ssaXm-\-Øn¬h®v At±-lsØ ]nSn-
IqSn DSp-Xp-Wn-bp-cn™v Xnf® Sm¿ tZlØv tImcn-
sbm-gn®v Xr»q¿ \K-c-Øn-eqsS s]mcn-sh-bn-eØv
HmSn® kw`hw \mtSm-Sn-°-dn-bmw. C∂m-I-s´, Fkv-
F^vsFbneqsS Db¿∂ph∂v IÆq-cnse Fw]n-bm-
bn-Øo¿∂ A_vZp-≈-°p´n Hscm‰ ae-°w-a-dn-®n¬
\SØn bpUn-F^nte°v tNt°-d-nbXpw IÆq-cnse
Xs∂ bpUn-F^v Fw.]nbmbXpw I≠v IÆ-S-®p-
\n¬t°≠ KXn-tI-Sn¬ kn]nFw FØn-t®¿s∂-
¶n¬ AXn\p Imc-W-sa-¥m-Wv? G‰-hp-sam-Sp-hn¬
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
a¶S-bn¬\n∂p≈ FwF¬F a™-fmw-Ipgn Aen
CtX-co-Xn-bn¬ bpUn-F-^n-te°v tNt°-dp-∂-Xns‚
Imc-Whpw as‰m-∂-√. C{X-sb-fp-∏-Øn¬ Imep-am-
dm\pw Imep-hm-cm\pw Ign-bp-∂-h¿°v ]m¿´nbnse
A≤zm-\n-°p∂ P\-hn-`m-K-Øns‚ hnb¿s∏m-gp-°nb
thm´p-Iƒ ASn-bdh®v Bflm-`n-am\w \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂Xv \yq\-]£{]oW\w Xe-°-Sn-®-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-{X-
am-Wv. AXn-t\m-sSm∏w thW-sa-¶n¬ \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-
am¿K-ßf - n-eqsS sImbvsX-SpØ I≈-∏W - Ø - ns‚ Hcp
Hmlcn ]m¿´nt\Xr- X z- Ø n\v \pW- ™ n- d - ° m≥
th≠n kw`m-h\ sNbvXXp-sIm-≠pam-hmw. F¥p-
X-s∂-bm-bmepw tUm.-sI-.F-kv. at\mPv tIkv sImSp-
Ø-Xns‚ KqV-e£yw {it≤-b-am-Wv. P\-{]m-Xn-\n-
[y-\n-b-a-{]-Imcw sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ FwF¬F
amcpw Fw]namcpw P\-ß-fpsS aX-N-S-ß-pI-fn¬ ]s¶-
Sp-°c- p-sX∂v ]m¿´n \n¿t±-in-°p∂Xpw Ah-cXv A\p-
k- c n- ° p- ∂ Xpw P\- { ]m- X n- \ n- [ y- \ n- b - a - e w- L - \ - a m-
sW∂pw AXn-\m¬ ]m¿´n-bpsS \n¿t±iw ]n≥h-en-
®n-s√-¶n¬ ]m¿´n-bpsS AwKo-Imcw Xs∂ \o°w
sNø-W-sa∂pw tUm. at\m-Pns\ t]mep≈ Hcmƒ
Bh- i y- s ∏- S p- t ºmƒ CØcw hnj- k ¿∏- ß - ƒ °v
]mep-tImcn sIm-Sp-°phm≥ th≠n-bmtWm A≤zm-
\n-°p∂ h¿K-Øns‚ Bflm-`n-am\w F∂v Bcpw
Nn¥n-®p-t]m-hpw.
ChnsS am¿IvknÃv ]m¿´n-bnse lnµp-°ƒ Adn-
tb≠ Hcp \oXnimkv { X- a p- ≠ v . a™fmwIpgn
Aen°pw A_vZp-≈-°p-´n°pw tUm. at\m-Pn-\p-
33
sams° Cßs\ ]m¿´nsb sh√p-hn-fn-°m≥ Ign-bp-
∂Xv Ah¿°v ]≈n-bp-sSbpw k`-bp-sSbpw ]n≥_-
e-ap-≈-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. Ah¿ {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂Xv Ah-
cpsS kap-Zm-b-Øn-t‚tbm ÿm]nXXm¬]-cy-Øn-
s‚tbm {]Xn-\n-[n-sb∂ \ne-bn-em-Wv. CXv Xncn-®-
dn-bm≥ ]m¿´nt\Xr-Xz-Øn\v Ign-bmsX t]mbXv
\yq\-]-£-{]o-W-\-Øn-s‚bpw ]W-s°m-Xn-bp-sSbpw
tae-¶n-Iƒ AWn-™-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. aqhm-‰p-]p-g-
bnse (F-sI-]n-knSnF t\Xm-hv) s{]m^. Sn.-sP.
tPmk- ^ ns‚ ssI∏Øn sh´nb kw`hw BZy-
sams° henb NqtSmsS t]meokv At\z-j-Whpw
a‰pw \S-s∂-¶nepw Ct∏mƒ H∂p-a-√msX No‰n-t∏m-
b-Xn-\p-]p-d-Inse clkyw F¥m-sW∂p \mw Nn¥n-
®-dn-b-Ww. ]I¬k-abw Unssh-F-^v-sFbpw cm{Xn
ka-bØv t]m∏p-e¿{^-≠p-ambn \ndwamdm≥ Ign-
hp≈ Xo{h-hm-ZnIƒ \S-Ønb sImSpw-{Iq-c-amb \S-
]- S n- s °- X nsc Hcn- © p- t ]mepw apt∂m- ´ p- s h- ° m≥
]m¿´n°pw k¿°m-cn\pw `b-am-Wv. tI{µm-t\z-j-W-
Øns‚ Npa-X-e-bp≈ D∂X DtZym-K-ÿ-∑m¿ s{Sbn-
\n-ßn\v t]mb-tXmsS ssI∏Øn tIkv ih-s∏-´n-bn-
e-S®p F∂mWv s]mXp-kw-km-cw.
tUm. sI.-Fk- v. at\m-Pn-s\-t∏m-ep-≈h
- sc in£n-
°m≥ Ign-bmØ ]m¿´nt\XrXzw s{]m^. tPmk-
^n- s \- t ∏m- e p≈ bYm¿∞ atX- X - c - h m- Z n- I - f - p sS
apºn¬ hfn® Nncn-tbmsS \n¬t°-≠n-h-cp∂ cwKw
\mtSm-Snsb Nncn-∏n-°p-∂p.
]mXn-cn-am-cpsS C…mw{]oW\w
C…m-anI aX-au-en-I-hm-Z-Øn-t\mSv ss{IkvX-
h- a - X - t a- e - ≤ y- £ - ∑ m¿°v AXn- c ‰ t{]a- a m- s W∂v
\mtSm-Sn°v a\- n-em-hp-∂Xv aqhm-‰p-]p-gb - nse s{]m^.
tPmk-^ns\, C…m-ans\ ]tcm-£-ambn Ip‰-s∏-Sp-
Øp∂ teJ- \ - s a- g p- X n- b - X ns‚ t]cn¬ k¿ho-
kn¬\n∂pw ]ncn- ® p- h n- ´ - t ∏m- g mWv . aX- ] - c - a mb
kwL¿j-ap-≠m-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ {]kw-Kn-°p-Itbm
Fgp-Xp-Itbm sNøp-∂Xv tImtfPv A≤ym-]-Is‚
sXmgn¬]-c-amb am\yX (Professional Ethics) °v hncp-
≤- a m- I p- s a- ∂ - X n- \ m¬ At±- l - Ø n- s \- X nsc amt\-
Pvsa‚n\v in£m-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ FSp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Xß- f psS Xs∂ tImtf- P n¬ A≤ym- ] - I - \ mb
tPmk^v IΩyq-Wn-Ãv {`aw aqØv h¿j-ß-fmbn
sa{Xm-∑msc hna¿in-°p-Ibpw tNmZyw sNøp-Ibpw
sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ah-kcw ]m¿Øp-\n∂
sa{Xm-∑m¿ ap…n-ß-fpsS apºn¬ am\yX Na-bp-I-
bp-ambn, tPmk-^ns\ in£n-°p-I-bp-ambn F∂ Hcp
34
shSn°p c≠p ]£n F∂ X{¥w {]tbm-Kn-®Xv
tPmk-^n-s\bpw kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-scbpw apƒap-\-
bn¬ \n¿Øm≥ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kn.-]n.-Fw. t\Xm-
°ƒ F¥p-Xs∂ ]d-™mepw AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂
C…m-an-s‚bpw ss{IkvXhk`-bp-sSbpw i{Xp-hmbn
kn]nFw ap{ZIpØ-s∏Spw F∂ Ducm-°p-Sp-°n-em-
Wv. {]tXy-In-®v, sXm´p-h-cp∂ Xt±ikzbw-`-c-W-
sX- c - s ™- S p∏pw ]n∂mse hcp∂ Akwªn
sXcs™Sp∏pw ap∂n¬Im-Wp-tºmƒ. ]msemfn apl-
Ω-ZvIp´n IΩojs‚ t]cn¬ tI{µ-K-h¨sa‚ns‚
cwK-\m-Y≥ IΩo-j≥ dnt∏m¿´n-t\-°mƒ Xo{h-amb
C…m-anI {]oW-\m-\p-Iq-ey-߃ apt∂m-´p-sh-®n-´p-
t]mepw Pam-AsØ C…m-an-bpsS `mj-bn¬ kn]nFw
"lnµp-h¿Kob]m¿´n'-bm-Wv. CtX hmNIw Xs∂-
bmWv Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\mb k°-dnbbpsS \mhn¬IqSn
aX-ta-e-≤y-£-∑m¿ kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ss{IkvXh
˛ ap…nw kwL-SnX thm´p-_m-¶ns‚ a[pcw \pW-
bp∂ am¿IvknÃpt\Xm-°ƒ ]m¿´n-bnse _lp-`q-
cn-]£w hcp∂ lnµp-°-fpsS A`-nam\w ]Wbw h®v
sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS tamXncw apØm≥ ]ndsI \S-°p-
tºmƒ ]mh-s∏´ lnµpam¿Ivkn-Ãp-Im-cpsS Ah-ÿ-
tbm¿Øv kl-X-]n-°p-hmt\ Ign-bq. apJy-a{¥n hn.-
F-kv. ANyp-Xm-\-µ≥ GXm\pw amk-߃°p-apºv
tIc-fsØ ap…nw`q-cn-]£ kwÿm-\-am-°-W-sa∂
ap…nwXo{h-hmZkwL-S-\-I-fpsS AP-≠-sb-°p-dn®v
{]kvXm-h-\-bn-d-°n-bXv lnµp-°ƒs°¥p t\´-ap-
≠m°n? {InkvXy≥-˛-ap…nw {]oW-\-\-b-Øn¬\n∂v
kn]nFw ]n∑m-dntbm? C√. Xs‚ {]kvXm-h\ ]n∂o-
sSt∏msg¶nepw ANyp-Xm-\-µ≥ Bh¿Ønt®m? C√.
CØcw Xo{h-A-P-≠-bp≈ C…m-anIXo{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ
Iayq-Wnkv‰p ]m¿´n-Ifn¬ t]mepw ]Ww-sIm-SpØv
AwKXzw hmßn ]m¿´n-t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-te°v \pg-™p-
I- b dn Xß- f psS AP≠ \S- ∏ m- ° p- t ºmƒ
AXns\Xnsc At±lw F¥p-sNbvXp? H∂p-an-√.
lnµp-°ƒ F∂pw hnUvVn-I-fm-bn-t´-bp-≈q. 1986 ¬
\ne-bv°¬ ka-c-Im-eØv lnµp-°ƒ hnUvVn-I-fm-
bn. 1954 se i_-cn-ae Xosh∏p tIkn¬ ""X߃
A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h∂m¬ Ip‰-hm-fnIsf I¿i-\-ambn
in£n°pw'' F∂ hmKv Z m\w tI´v lnµp- ° ƒ
hnUvVn-I-fm-bn. Ah-cpsS thm´p-Iƒ X´n-sb-Sp-°m≥
am{Xta kn]nFw t\Xm-°ƒ°p kma¿∞y-ap-≈q.
]¿±-bpsS cmjv{Sobw
ap…nwkv{XoIƒ ]¿±- b n- S msX \S- ∂ m¬
ssIbpw Imepw sh´n-°-f-bp-sa∂pw sIm∂p-I-f-bp-
sa∂pw sFF- ^ vFkp- I m- c n- b mb dbm- \ sb
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
Po≥kpw j¿´pw [cn-®-Xns‚ t]cn¬ `ojWns∏-Sp-
Øn-bXv kn]n-Fw-Im-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬ aX-au-en-I-hm-
Z- a - √ . Kpcp- h m- b q¿t£- { X- Ø n¬ sk‰p- a p- t ≠m
kmcntbm DSpØv Z¿i\w \S-Øp-∂-XmWv `K-hm\v
CjvSsa∂p ]d™ X{¥n aX-au-en-I-hm-Zn-! Hcp-Im-
eØv A[x- ÿ n- X k{º- Z m- b - ß - s f- ] ‰n kn.hn.
Ip™p-cm-a≥ ]d-™-Xp-t]mse "sXmgn-°-s∏-Spw-
tXmdpw sXmgm-\pw, sXmgpwtXmdpw sXmgn-°-s∏-
Sm\pw' hn[n-°-s∏´ am¿Ivkn-Ãp-]m¿´nbnse lnµp-
°-fpsS Zb-\o-bm-hÿ Btem-Nn®v ZpxJw tXm∂p∂p.
F≥-Fk
- vF
- kv I≠p-]T
- n-°s´
kap-Zm-bmw-K-߃°v kz¥w ÿm\m¿∞n-I-fn-
s√∂pw a\x-km£n thm´p-sN-øm-sa∂pw ASp-Ø-
bnsS s]cp-∂-bn¬ IqSnb F≥-F-kvFkv s]mXp-
tbm-K-Øn¬ {]tabw ]m m-°nbXv tIc-f-Ønse
C∂sØ cmjv{Sobkml-N-cy-Øn¬ kzk-ap-Zm-b-Øn-
\p-th≠n Fs¥-¶nepw apX-se-Sp-°m≥ F≥-F-kv-
Fkv t\Xr-Xz-Øn\v Ign-hn-s√∂ tXm∂-ep-≠m-°p-
∂p. tIc-f-Ønse ss{IkvX-h-˛-C-…m-anI kwL-S-\-
Iƒ Hmtcm-∂n\pw Ah-cp-tS-Xmb cmjv{Sob \b-ap-
≠v, \ne-]m-Sp-I-fp-≠v. B \ne-]m-Sp-I-tfmSv Chn-SsØ
hnhn[ cmjv{SobI£n-Iƒ Fßs\ {]Xn-I-cn-°p-
sa∂v Dc-®p-t\m-°m-\p≈ Ah-k-c-amWv Hmtcm sXc-
s™-Sp-∏pw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-th-
f-I-fn¬ Hmtcm kmaq-ln-I-kw-L-S-\bpw Xß-fpsS
Bh-iy-߃ \nc-Øn-h®v AXw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂-hsc
]n¥p-W-°pw. Aßs\ thm´p-t\Sn Pbn® ap∂-Wn-
bpsS ta¬ Ah¿°-h-Im-ihpw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. lnµp-
°-fn¬ am{Xw hnhn[ PmXnhn`m-K-߃X-Ωn¬ (X-
߃ lnµp-°-fm-sW∂ s]mXp-t_m[w \jvS-s∏-´-
Xn-\m¬) ]c-kv]cw Ie-ln-®p-\n¬°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v
e£y-t_m-[-an-√msX ]I-®p-\n¬°p-∂-XmWv Ah-
cpsS hne-t]-im-\p≈ Ignhp \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp∂-Xv.-F-
kv.F
- ≥.-Un.-]n. t\Xmhv sh≈m-∏≈n \tS-i\ - n¬\n∂v
]e-Im-cy-ßfpw F≥-F-kv-Fkv t\Xm-°ƒ a\- n-
em- ° m- \ p- ≠ v . `mc- X ob P\Xm]m¿´n `cn- ° p-
tºmƒt]mepw Ah¿s°mcp ]n¥p-Wbpw hmKvZm\w
sNømsX Xs∂ ]e B\p-Iq-ey-ßfpw At±lw
Fkv - F ≥Un- ] n- ° p- t h≠n t\Sn- s b- S p- Ø p. Fkv -
F≥Un-]n-tbmfw {]_-e-amsbmcp kwL-S-\-bm-bn-´p-
IqSn F≥-F-kv-Fkv t\Xm-°-∑m¿°v F¥p t\´-
ap≠m°m≥ Ign™p? tIc-f-Ønse sslµ-h-G-Io-
I-cW {]ÿm-\-°m¿°p-th≠n tNmcbpw \ocpw
\¬Inb a∂Øp ]fl-\m-`s‚ Dbncpw Poh-hm-bp-
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
hp-amWv F≥-F-kv-Fkv t\XrXzw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. a∂-Øn\v Hmtcm sXc-s™-Sp-∏nepw hy‡-amb
\b-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v tIcf cmjv{So-
b-Øn¬ At±lw `ojvam-Nm-cy-\m-bn-cp-∂p. B
ÿm\w C∂sØ F≥-F-kv-Fkv t\Xm-°ƒ°v
Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\m-hptam?
Xo{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ°v kzmKXw!
]mIn- ÿ m- \ nse hS- ° ≥ hk- c n- ÿ m- \ nse
Xo{hhm-Zn-irw-Je XI¿Øn-s√-¶n¬ Ata-cn-°≥
tk\ Ic-bm-{IaWw \S-ØWsa∂v ]mIn-ÿm-t\mSv
ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬In-bXv \n m-c-Im-cy-a-√. Xo{h-hm-Zn-
Iƒs°- X nsc X߃ \S- ] - S n- s b- S p- ° p- ∂ p- s ≠∂v
Ata-cn-°≥ t\Xr-XzsØ hniz-kn∏n®v B\p-Iq-ey-
߃ X´n-sb-Sp-°m-sa∂v ]mIvt\-XrXzw Icp-Xp-∂p-
s≠-¶n¬ hnUvVn-Ø-am-Wv. ]mIvtk-\m-ta-[m-hnsb
\pW-bs\∂pw hniz-kn-°m≥ sIm≈m-Ø-h\p-am-
sW∂mWv H_ma `c-W-IqSw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xv.
kz¥w cmPy-Øns‚bpw P\-X-bp-sSbpw kpc£
Ata-cn-°≥ t\Xr-Xz-Øn\v kp{]-[m-\-am-sW∂v Cu
ap∂-dn-bn∏v hy‡-am-°p-∂p. C¥y-bpsS KXn-tI-
sS¥mWv ? ChnsS \S- ° p∂ tIma¨sh¬Øv
sKbnwkv temI-Øns‚ apºn¬ \mWw-sI-´p-\n¬°p-
∂A - h- ÿ
- b
- n-te°v C¥y-sb Nhn-´n-Øm-gvØn-bnt√?
tIm¨{Kkv t\Xmhpw sKbnw-kns‚ Np°m≥]n-Sn-
°p-∂-bm-fp-amb kptcjv I¬am-Unbpw Iq´cpw hcp-
Ønb \mW-t°-Sp-Iƒ°v ]pdsa thZn-bpsS Iam-\-
߃ XI¿∂Xpw Xcw-XmW kpc-£m-kw-hn-[m-\hpw
ChntS°p hcp∂ AXve-‰p-Isf `b-hn-lz-e-cm-°p-∂p-
≠- t {X. GXm\pw h¿jw- a pºv apwss_bnse
H_vtdmbv˛XmPv tlm´- e p- I - f nepw \cn- a m- ≥
t]mbn‚nepw \S∂ Xo{h-hm-Zn-bm-{I-a-W-ß-fn¬ Ip‰-
hm- f nIsf in£n- ° p∂ Imcy- Ø n¬ cmjv { Sobw
Ifn°m≥ \S-°p∂ Hcp `c-W-IqSw Cu cmPyØv
\mW-t°-Sm-Wv. ]m¿e-sa‚m-{I-a-W-t°-kn¬ Xq°n-
s°m-√m≥ hn[n-°-s∏´ {]Xn C\nbpw in£n-°-
s∏t´m? Fs¥-√mtam sNøp-∂p-s≠∂ hcpØn°q´-
e-√msX Xo{h-hm-ZsØ ^e-{]-Za - mbn XS-bm≥ C¥ym-
K-h¿sa‚ v F¥p-sNbvXp? Xo{h-hm-ZsØ XS-bm-
\p≈ D]mbw \yq\-]-£-{]o-W-\am-sW∂v Bsc-
¶nepw Icp-Xp-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ AXv hnUvVn-Ø-am-Wv.
Ata-cn-°-bn-te°v ap≥cm-jv{S-]Xn A_vZpƒI-em-
an\pw kn\n-am-Xmcw jmcqJvJm\pw I¿i-\-amb
skIyq-cn‰n ]cn-tim-[\ - °p-ti-jta {]th-i\ - m-\p-aXn
In´n-bp≈q F∂Xpw \ma-dn-b-Ww. ¯
35
(apJ-{]-kwKw XpS¿®)
Øns‚ kvamcIw Ahn-sS-Øs∂ \ne-\n¿Øp-I-sb-∂m¬ lnµp-°ƒ°v I\Ø BLm-X-am-bn-cn-°pw. Hudw-
K-ko-_n-s‚bpw AXp-t]m-ep≈ aX-{`m-¥-∑m-cp-tS-bpw ImeØv AXv km[n-®n-´p-≠m-hmw. ]s£, B Ime-
L-´-Ønse Bflm-`n-am\w \„-s∏´ lnµp-hns‚ Ah-ÿ-b√ C∂v.
c≠v D-Zm-l-c-W-߃ ]d-bmw, tIc-f-Øn¬Xs∂ Nß-\m-t»-cn-°-SpØ ]cp-a-e-bn¬ bmt°m-_mb aX-
hn-`m-K-Øn¬s∏´ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]£-°m-cpsS ]≈n°v ASpØv ]m{Xnbm¿°okv ]£-°m¿ as‰m-cp
]≈n ]Wn-bp-∂-Xn-s\-Xnsc tIkv sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv AhnsS \nc-¥cw kwL¿jm-h-ÿ-bp-≠m-Ip-sa∂
t]cn-em-Wv. AXn-s\ Bcpw \ntj-[n-°p-∂n√. ]{X-°m¿°pw cmjv{So-b-°m¿°pw t]meo-kn-\pw k¿°m-
cn\pw C°mcyw Adn-bmw.
sIm√w Pn√-bnse Cc-hn-]p-cØv lnµp-t£-{X-Øn-t\mSp tN¿∂v Hcp {InkvXy≥ ]≈n-bp-≠v. aX-ku-lm¿±-
Øns‚ {]Xo-I-sa∂v hmgvØn-∏m-Sn-b-h¿Xs∂ ]n∂oSv t£{X-Ønse D’-h-N-S-ßp-Iƒ ]≈n-bn¬ Bcm-
[\ \S-Øp-hm≥ XS- -ap-≠m-°p-∂psh∂v ]cmXn \¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn. am{X-a-√, Ah¿ t£{X-Øn-\-IØv
AXn-{I-an-®p-I-b-dn, t£{Xw Xobn-Sp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. 1990-I-fn¬ \S∂ kw`-h-am-WnXv.
Npcp-°Øn¬ t£{Xhpw ]≈nbpw ASp-Ø-Sp-Øp-h-cp-∂Xv \nc-¥-ckwL¿j-Øn-\p≈ km≤yX h¿≤n-∏n-
°-em-Wv. kzmX-{¥ym\-¥cw ]mIvhn`-P\w aX-kw-L¿j-߃°v Adp-Xn-h-cp-Øp-hm-\m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Aß-
s\-bp-≠mb ]mIn-ÿm-\mWv C∂v C¥y-bnse sskzcy-Po-hnXw \nc-¥cw XI¿Øp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Xo{h-
hm-Z-{]-h¿Ø\-߃°p-]p-d-In¬.
kuZn Atd-_y-bnse sa°-bn¬ l÷n\v t]mIp-∂-h¿°-dn-bmw sa°-bpsS 6 In.-ao. Np‰-fhn¬ Aap…n-
an\v {]th-i-\m-\p-hm-Z-an-s√-∂v. Atbm-≤y-bn¬ lnµp-hn-t\mSv ImWn-°p∂ Cu Im´p-\oXn lnµp-°ƒ AwKo-
I-cn-°p-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂Xv ]º-c-hn-UvVn-Ø-am-Wv. Chn-sS-bmWv Atbm-≤y-bn¬ cma-P-∑-ÿm-\Øv {iocm-a-
t£-{X-a-√msX as‰m∂pw Xs∂ hcp-∂-Xv X߃°v AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂X-s√∂v hniz-lnµp]cn-jØv
t\Xm-°ƒ {]Jym]n-®-Xns‚ {]k‡n. AXv C∂m-´nse apdn-th¬°-s∏´p \n¬-°p∂ lnµp-Xz-Øns‚ i–-
am-Wv. ¯
A\-t¥-´\v A¥ym-RvPen
apXn¿∂ kwLImcy-I¿Ømhm-bn-cp∂ AUz.-Sn.-hn. A\-¥≥ (79) \ncym-
X-\m-bn. cmjv{Sob tkh-I-kwLw {]m¥-kw-L-Nm-e-Iv, {]m¥I Imcy-
hmlv F∂o Npa-X-e-Ifpw hnhn[ kwL-S\m ÿm\-ßfpw hln-®n-cp∂
At±lw sk]vXw_¿ 15\v sshIo´v Fd-Wm-Ip-f-sØ kzImcy Bip-
]-{Xn-bn¬ h®mWv A¥-cn-®-Xv.
1951 apX¬ kwL-{]-h¿Ø-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ At±lw A\-t¥-´≥
F∂ t]cn¬ Gh¿°pw kp]-cn-Nn-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿm-Im-
eØv 18 amk-°mew Pbn¬hmkw A\p-`-hn-®n-´p-≠v. anI® A`n-`m-j-
I\pw IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂ At±lw lnµp kwL-S-\m-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°v
F∂pw A`n-am-\-I-c-amb am¿K-Z¿in-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
XymK`cn-Xamb Pohn-X-Øn-eqsS kwLm-Z¿i-Øn\-\p-kr-X-ambn Pohn-°p-Ibpw kwL-{]-h¿Ø-
I¿°v kzbw Hcp am¿K-Z¿in-bm-hp-Ibpw sNbvX A\-t¥-´≥ hfsc Bg-ß-fp≈ hy‡n-Xz-am-
bn-cp-∂p. PmXobNn¥-Iƒ Aev]w t]mepw kwL-{]-h¿Ø-I-cn¬ IS-∂p-I-b-dmsX ImØp-kq-
£n-°p-∂-Xn¬ At±lw ImWn® Pm{KX {]iw-k\o-b-am-bn-cp-∂p.
`mIvk-c-dm-hp-Pn-sb-t∏m-ep≈ BZ-c-Wob kwL-Im-cy-I¿Øm-°-fpsS Iogn¬ hf¿∂p-h∂ A\-
t¥-´≥ ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ t]mep≈ Atßb‰sØ ka-c-kw-L¿j-Im-e-b-f-hnepw [oc-X-tbmsS
Xs∂ apt∂m-´p-t]mb Imcy-I¿Øm-hm-bn-cp-∂p.
C∂pw At\-Im-bncw kwL-{]-h¿Ø-I-cpsS a\- n¬ Hfn-a-ßmØ tXP- mbn Pzen-®p-\n¬°p∂
B k¿hm-Z-c-Wob kwL-Im-cy-I¿Øm-hn\v {]Wm-a-߃.
N{µnImlcn-Zmkv

1186 Xpemw
36 ln-µp-hn-iz-
 IY
sImSn-a-c-Øn\p Ipd-
®-I-se-bmbn AΩn-Wn-°p-´n-bn-
cp-∂-Xv, sX√v am\kn-I-\n-e-
sX-‰nb Cf-b-Ω-tbm-sSm-∏-amWv.
Ip´n-I-fn-√mØ Ah¿°v
`¿Ømhv \„-s∏-´Xv ASp-Øn-
sS-bmWv. B Ime-b-f-hns\
c≠p-h¿j-sa∂p ]d-bmw.
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
tUm. a√nI
Agn-®n´p Xpºp-sI-´nb
\o≠ apSn-bpsS A‰Øv Xpf-kn-
°-Xn¿ NqSn Ae-°n-tØ®
ap≠pw t\cyXpw Np‰n DSp-sØm-
cpßn hcp∂ Cf-b-Ω-bpsS
apJw Bscbpw Iqkm-Ø-Xm-bn-
cp-∂p. B `mh-Øn¬ BIr-„-
\m-bmWv Aº-e-Ønse D’-h-
Øn\p tijw Cf-b-—≥ s]Æp
tNmZn-°m≥ h∂-Xv. s]Æns\
sImSp-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ sNdp-°\pw
sNdp-°s‚ ho´p-Im¿°pw Ipd-
hp-Iƒ H∂pwXs∂-bp-≠m-bn-cp-
∂n-√. B¿`m-S-ambn IeymWw
\S∂p.
AΩn-Wn-°p´n sNdp-Xm-bn-
cp-∂p. ]mhm-S-bn-´p- sIm-Øm-¶√v
Ifn-°p∂ {]mbw. Ieym-W-
Øn\v ]´p-]m-hm-Sbpw Igp-Øn¬
kz¿Æw sIm≠p≈ ap√-sam-´p-
am-e-bpw, Xe-bn¬ ap√∏qam-e-
bpw NqSn Cf-b-Ω°p Np‰pw
Ahƒ ]mdn\S-∂p.
h¿jw c≠p Ign-™-
t∏mƒ AΩ Hcp A\p-Ps\
{]k-hn-®n´pw Cf-b-Ω°v Hcp
Ip™p-≠m-hm-Ø-sX-¥m-sW∂v
tNmZn-®Xv Ct∏mgpw Hm¿°p-∂p.
""Ip´n-bt√ Fs‚ tamfv?'' F∂v
I≈-®n-cn-bn¬ s]mXn™ Hcp
DØ-chpw In´n. ]s£ C∂v
H∂p a\- n-em-Ip-∂p. Pohn-X-
Øn¬ H∂pw t\Sm-\m-hmsX
37
t]mb CfbΩ°v Rm≥ Xs∂
B{i-bw!
Intem-ao-‰-dp-Iƒ Xm≠n
]me-°m´v \n∂pw tNm‰m-\n-°-c-
bn-te°v FØn-bXv tZhn alm-
amb-bpsS {]`m-h-Øn¬ s]´m¬
a\ p ip≤-am-Ip-sa∂v Btcm
]d™dn™n-´m-Wv. `P-\-an-cn-
°m-\p≈ Xøm-sd-Sp-∏n¬ GtXm
AZr-iy-i-‡n-Iƒ hebw sNøp-
∂-Xp-t]mse!
\SXpd-°p-tºm-gp≈ i–m-
b-am-\-amb A¥-co-£w hmZy-
tLm-j-ß-fmepw `‡-cpsS
icWwhnfn-I-fmepw
\nd™p\n¬°p-∂p. apºn-ep≈
`‡-cpsS Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn®
ssIIƒ°n-S-bn-eq-sS, tZhn-bpsS
s\‰n-bn¬ Xnf-ßp∂ knµqcw
Rm≥ BZy-ambn Z¿in-®p. hc-Zm-
bn-\n-bpsS ssIIƒ amSn-hn-fn-
°p∂p. {]Z-£nWhgn-bn-eqsS
\S∂p\oßp-tºmƒ Hmtcm ASn-
sh-∏nepw AΩ aq¿≤mhn¬
38
]u¿Æan Znhkw cm{Xn
t£{Xm-¥-co£w
\n»-–-X-bn-em-gp-tºmƒ
Iogv°m-hn-eΩ
tXmgn-am-tcmSp IqSn
ta¬°m-hn-te°v
Fgp-∂p-≈p-∂p.
Im¬Nne-ºp-I-fpsS
H®bpw ]me-∏q-hns‚bpw
]hn-g-a-√n-∏q-hn-s‚bpw
CS-I-e¿∂ aW-hpw
A¥-co-£Ønep≠m-Ipw.
Xtem-Sp-∂-Xp-t]m-se. Xncp-s\-‰n-
bn¬ \n∂pw DXn-cp∂ civan-Iƒ
apJ-ØmsI ]c-°p-∂p.
Hcp]s£, CXv Xs‚ am{X-ap≈
A\p-`-h-a-√m-bn-cn-°mw. AXt√
C{X-tbsd `‡-P-\-߃ Chn-
tS°v Hgp-Ip-∂-Xv. Hmtcm-cp-
Ø¿°pw Ah-cp-tS-Xmb A\p-`-
h-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. Cf-b-Ω°v
icocw hnd-°p-∂-t]mse tXm∂n-
bs{X! Hcp]s£ D≈nep≈
Aip≤n-I-sf√mw tZho-ssN-X-\y-
Øn¬ Aen™pt]mIp-∂-Xm-
hmw. thW-sa-¶n¬ a\- ns\
ieys∏Sp-Øp∂ `qX-t{]-X-]n-
im-Np-°ƒ shfn-bn¬ hcp-∂-Xm-
hmw F∂v P\-Øn\v ]d-bmw.
AtXm AZr-iy-i-‡n-Iƒ Zriy-
am-Ip-∂tXm. H∂n\pw hy‡-X-
bn-√. imkv{X-km-t¶-XnI taJ-
ebn-emWv X\n°v tPmen-sb-
¶nepw Cu {]Xn`m-ksØ
Fßs\ hne-bn-cp-Øm-\mIpw
F∂dn-bn-√. F¥m-bmepw `P\
a\- n∂v DW¿th-Ip-sa-∂-Xn¬
kwi-b-an-√. Cf-b-Ω°pw
AXpXs∂-bt√ th≠-Xpw.
Iogv°m-hn¬ \n∂pw Xncp-
ta\n ]qPn® s\øv tkhn-°p-
tºmƒ Xs∂ Nne¿ \rØw
Nhn-´m≥ XpS-ßpw. Xß-fn¬
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
IpSn-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ t{]X-`q-X-K-
W-߃ ]pdØpNmSm≥ shº¬
sIm≈pw. Chn-SsØ Ben¬
_‘n-®n-cn-°p∂ `qX-K-W-߃
B¿Øp-Nn-cn°pw. sNm∆, sh≈n
Znh-k-ß-fn¬ cm{Xn-bn-ep≈
KpcpXn `qX-߃°p `b-am-Wv.
henb Ip´-I-Øn¬ a™ƒ
tN¿∂ NpÆmºpsh≈w c‡-
h¿Æ-Øn¬.
apSn-b-gn-®n´p
Xp≈p-∂-hsc
ta¬°m-hn-te°v
B\-bn-°pw.
i‡n-tbmsS
Xp≈p∂ Ahsc
\nb-{¥n-°m≥
hnj-a-am-Wv.
F¶nepw apI-fn-
se-Øn-bm¬
]eXpw ]pe-ºn-
s°m≠v AΩ-
°p-t\sc A´-l-
kn-°pI ]Xn-hm-
Wv. Nne-t\cw
Aß-s\bp≈
kµ¿`-ß-fn¬
`‡-cn¬ \n∂p
Xs∂ Hcmƒ adp-Xp-≈¬ XpS-
ßpw. Ah¿ AΩ-bpsS `mK-Øp-
\n∂v tNmZy-߃ tNmZn-°pw. "\o
Hgn™p t]mIq' F∂p≈ AΩ-
bpsS B⁄ `qX-am-\kn A\p-
k-cn-°pw. sXfn-sh¥v F∂
tNmZy-Øn\v ASp-Øp≈ FsX-
¶nepw ac-®n√ HSn™phogp-
Itbm AX-s√-¶n-¬ XØp-ey-
amb GsX-¶nepw AS-bmfw
hnfn®v ]d-bp-Itbm sNøpw.
AtXmsS A´-lm-khpw
Xp≈epw Ah-km-\n®v
Xf¿∂phogpw. \S-b-S-®m¬ F√m-
hcpw bYm¿∞ \nebn-te°v
FØn-t®-cp-∂p. t]Sn-°p∂ A¥-
co-£-Øn\p]Icw imkv{Xw
tXm¬°p∂ Hc-¥-co£w
Np‰nepw ]S-cp-∂p. HcpXcw
1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz-
\n¿hrXn `‡-cn¬ Df-sh-Sp-°p-
∂p. a\- ns‚ Bizmkw A\p-
`-hn-®-dn-bp-Itb \nhr-Øn-bp≈q.
]q¿ÆXr]vXn-tbmsS Cf-
bΩ i‡n-bm¿÷n® a\- p-
ambn ap∂n¬ \n¬°p-∂p. ""\n\-
s°¥m tamtf ho´n¬ t]mI-W-
sa-∂nt√''? F∂v tNmZn-°p-∂p.
aq∂pZnhkw Ign-™-X-dn-™n-√.
\n¿Ωmeyw apX¬ AØm-g-]qP
Ign-bp-∂-Xphsc F√m ]qP-I-
fnepw ]s¶-Sp-Ø-Xs√! {]IrXn
amb-bmbn aq∂p cq]-Øn¬
{]`mXw apX¬ {]tZmjw hsc
AΩ-bn-eqsS Xnf-ßp-∂p. s\‰n-
bnse knµq-c-Øn-eqsS, ssII-
fn¬ \n∂pw hcp∂ ssNX-\y-c-
ivan-bn-eqsS CsX√mw Rm\-dn-
™p.
]u¿Æan Znhkw cm{Xn
t£{Xm-¥-co£w \n»-–-X-bn-
em-gp-tºmƒ Iogv°m-hn-eΩ
tXmgn-am-tcmSp IqSn ta¬°m-hn-
te°v Fgp-∂p-≈p-∂p. Im¬Nne-
ºp-I-fpsS H®bpw ]me-∏q-
hns‚bpw ]hn-g-a-√n-∏q-hn-s‚bpw
CS-I-e¿∂ aW-hpw A¥-co-
£Ønep≠m-Ipw. F√m-hcpw
IqSn B´hpw ]m´pw \rØ-hp-ap-
≠m-Iptam F∂-dn-bn-√. cm{Xn-bm-
a-Øn-s‚ Ac≠ \nem-
sh´wXs∂ `oXn-P-\n-∏n-°p-
∂XmWv. Hcp]s£ F√m Ncm-
N-c-߃°pw sFizcyw ]I-¿∂p-
sIm-≠mhpw cmthsd sN√p-
tºmƒ Ah¿ ]ncn-™p-t]m-hp-I.
]ns∂ Ipfn Ign™p h∂p
hnkvX-cn-s®m∂p apdp°n Xp∏n-b-
Xm-Imw cmhnse am\-Øp≈
Acp-Wna. AXp \n¿Ωm-ey-]qP
Ignt™ \ap°v
Zriy-am-Ip-I-bp-≈q.
am\w
\nd™p\n¬°p∂
AΩsb Nne-t∏mƒ
AhnsS
Is≠∂phcmw.
CfwImt‰mSp IqSn
AΩ \sΩ Xgp-
Ip∂Xmbpw
tXm∂mw.
Fs¥√mw
{]Xn-`m-k-ß-fmWv
{]]-©-Øn-ep-≈-Xv!
CsX√mw Xncn-®-dn-
bm≥ ⁄m\n-
Iƒt° Ign-bq.
AXn\pw Hc-\p-{Klw thW-
a-t√m. Ign™ Xe-ap-d-sb-b√
Cu Xe-ap-d-sb-bmWv tZhn X∂n-
te-°mI¿jn-°p-∂Xv F∂p
tXm∂p-∂p. A{X-tbsd
sNdp∏°m¿ h∂p
sXmgpXpt]mIp-∂p. Xm\pw
AXn¬ H∂t√? knc-I-fn-eqsS
Hgp-In-bn-cp∂ hnπ-h-hocyw XWp-
Øp-d-™-t]mse! Xpem-
`m-cØ-´n¬ Xqßp-∂-hcpw, hnhm-
lm-Zn-I-fmepw, tNmdqWv, t]cn-
S¬ apX-em-b I¿Ω-ß-fmepw
kPo-h-amb Aº-e-\-S.
Xncn®pt]mcp-tºmƒ Cf-b-
Ω°v \n¿hr-Xn. ""\ap°v
C\nbpw hcm-at√ tamtf?'' F∂
tNmZyw Fs‚ ImXn¬ Hcp
Hm¶m-c-[z\n-bmbn apg-ßn. ¯
39
 ]rYznhn tZh-b-P-t\ym-j-[ymkvtX aqew am amlnw-kn-jav. \ns‚ Huj-[n-bpsS aqesØ
lnwkn jw lnwkn-°-cp-tX. kwkm-c-Ønse hkvXp-°-fpsS
{hPw-K-— tKmjvTm\w h¿jXp tX Zyucv _- D]-t`mKw kzm¿Y-]-c-am-I-cp-Xv. ]c-amw-kw-sIm≠v
[m\ tZh kzamwkw ]pjvSn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv DNn-X-a-√. h\-kv]-
Xn-I-fnepw Poh-\p≠v .h-\-kv]-Xn-Iƒ°p \miw
khnXx ]c-a-kymw ]rYnhymw itX\
hcp-Øp-∂Xv lnwk-bm-Wv. kzm¿Y-X-°mbn kky-
]mssicvtbm ƒ
Pm-e-ßsf \in-∏n-°p-∂Xpw lnwk-bm-Wv. AXn-
kvamtZzjvSn bw N hbw ZznjvakvXatXm am \m¬ Alnw-k-bpsS Db¿∂ Xe-Øn-ep≈ BN-c-
auIv ˛25 W-ap-≠mh-Ww. AXn-\mbn {hPw K—˛ {hP-Øn-
Ejnx ]c-tajvTn {]Pm-]Xnx tZh-Xm-˛-k-hnXm te°p t]mIq. {hPw kwkvI-cn®p \∂m-°p-∂n-S-am-
Oµx hncm-Uv{_m-“o-{Xn-jvSp-]v. kzcx ss[hXx. Wv. Adn-hp≈hcp-am-bp≈ kl-hm-k-Øn-eqsS
am{Xta kwkvIm-chpw Db¿∂Xe-Øn-ep≈ kZm-
A\zbw
Nm-c-Whpw e`n-°p-I-bp-≈q. AXn-\m¬ k’w-K-am-
tZh-b-P\n ]rYnhn tX Hmj[ymx aqew am Wv, {hPw. B k’w-Kw tKmjvTm-\-am-Wv. thZ-hm-
lnw-kn-j-av. {hPw tKmjvTm\w K—, Zyux tX h¿j- Wn-bpsS {]Xn-jvTm-ÿm-\-am-Wv. Ku F∂m¬
Xp, khnXx tZh ]c-akymw ]rYnhymw itX\ hmWn. hmWn GXn¬ \n¬°p-∂pthm AXv
]mssix _[m-\ bx bkvam≥ tZzjvSn, bw N hbw tKmjvTm-\w. thZw kI-e-⁄m-\-Øn-s‚bpw Dd-h-
Zznjvax, AXx Xw am auIv. bm-Wv. B Ddh Bthmfw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h-cmWv
A¿Yw ⁄m\n-Iƒ. k’w-K-Øn-eqsS thZm-[y-b-\hpw
tZhbP-\n-bmb ]rYn-ho, \ns‚ Hmj-[n-Iƒ
aqew R߃°v IjvS-Xbp-≠m-I-cp-tX. thZ-hm-Wn-
bpsS {]Xn-jvTm-ÿm-\-amb {hP-Øn-te°p t]mhp-
I. AhnsS \n∂m¬ ⁄m\w h¿jn-°-s´. Cu
]rYn-hn-bn¬ AkwJyw ]mi-ß-fm¬ _‘n-°q.
Rßsf tZzjn-°p-∂h-tcbpw R߃ tZzjn-°p-∂-
h-tcbpw Hgn-hm-°-cp-tX.
`mjyw
ap≥a-{¥-Øn¬ Cuizcs‚ hew-I-ømb alm-
∑m-sc-°p-dn®p ]d-™p. A{]-Im-c-ap≈ k÷-\-ß-
fp-am-bp≈ k’w-K-Øns‚ amlm-fly-an-hn-sS-tbm-
Xp-∂p. tl tZh-b-P\n ]rYnho tZh-b-⁄-Øn-\m-
[m-c-`q-X-amb ]rYn-ho, Rm≥ tX Hmj[ymx aqew

1186 Xpemw
40 ln-µp-hn-iz-
thZ-{]-Nm-chpw \S-°p-∂p. ZyutX -h¿jXp. k’w-
K-Øn¬ B ⁄m\-{]-Imiw \ns‚ ta¬ h¿jn-°-
s´. k’w-K-Øn-eqsS ⁄m\-em-`hpw XZzmcm
im¥nbpw e`n-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ {]m¿∞n°p-∂p ˛
khn-Xx -tZh ˛ kI-e-cp-sSbpw t{]c-I\pw Znhy-Kp-
W]pRvP-hp-amb {]t`m Ahn-Sp∂v Rß-sf, ]c-
akymw ]rYnhymw = k’w-K-Øn-∂m-[m-c-`q-X-amb
DXvIr-jvS-`q-an-bn¬ itX\ ]mti\ _[m\ = \qdp
]mi-ß-fm¬ _‘n-°p-∂-Xn\v Ir] sNbvXm-epw.
k’w-K-Øn¬ R߃°p cpNn-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
AXn-\m¬ k’w-K-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ A`n-cp-Nn-bp-
≠m-bn-Øo-c-Ww. kXvP-\-ß-f-p-am-bp≈ _‘-\-
Øn¬\n∂pw hnSp-X¬ D≠m-h-cp-Xv. bx Akvam≥
tZjvSn ˛ Rßsf tZzjn-°p-∂-h-tcbpw Nbw hbw
ZznjvSx = XXv^-e-ambn R߃ Bsc tZzjn-
°pt∂m Xw = Ah-scbpw AXx am auIv = Cu
D]-tZ-i-Øn¬\n∂pw Hgn-hm-°-cp-Xv. k’w-K-
Øn¬\n-∂p≈ KpWw Rß-fpsS i{Xp-°ƒ°p-
t]m-ep-ap-≠m-h-Ww. Ahcpw k’w-K-Øn-eqsS ]hn-
{X-cm-bn-Øo-c-Ww. hntZz-j-`m-h-Øn¬\n∂pw tamNn-
X-cm-I-Ww.
(Xp-S-cpw) ¯

hniz-ln-µp-]-cn-jØv Fd-Wm-
Ipfw Z£n-W-{]-JWvUpw
AarX C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v
saUn-°¬ kb≥kpw
tN¿∂p \S-Ønb kuP\y
saUn-°¬ Iymºv ]n. ]c-ta-
iz-c≥\m-b¿ DZvLm-S\w
sNøp-∂p. hn.-F-®v.]n. Pn√m
sk{I-´dn kPn kao-]w.

tIm´-bØv \S∂
l\p-aZv i‡n-Pm-K-cW
A\p-jvTm-\-k-tΩ-f\w
kqcy≥ kp{_-“-Wy≥
`´-Xn-cn-∏mSv DZvLm-S\w
sNøp-∂p. kzman
NnXvkzcq-]m-\µ kc-kz-Xn,
kzman k\m-X-\m-\-µ-]p-cn,
]n.-F≥. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥
, lnµp sFIy-thZn
kwÿm\ P. sk{I-´dn
C.-F-kv. _nPp
F∂n-h¿ kao-]w.

1186 Xpemw
ln-µp-hn-iz- 41
 1186 Xpem-amkw Fßs\?-
tPym-Xn-jw- hntijZn-hk߃
1\v GIm-Zin Xpf-kn-Kucn{hXw, cmbn-cs
ae-Ib - ‰
- \-√q¿
- w. 3\v {]tZm-j{- h-Xw. 5\v k¥m-\t- Km-
Kp in

]m-e{- h-Xw, hmfloInPb-¥n, C{µ-e£van{hXw. N

16\v GIm-Z-in-{h-Xw. 17\v {]tZm-j-{h-Xw. 18\v Ip 2.50 hr›nIw
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw sImSn-tb‰w. 19\v Aam-hmkn _p 19\v DZbw hr›nIw
Hcn-°¬, Zo]m-he - n. 20\v Aam-hmknZm\w. 22\v Kp 15.15 Ipw`w
˛
Dam-{h-Xw. 23\v \mK-N-Xp¿∞n. 25\v jjvTn-{h-
Xw. 27\v Xncp-thmWw KW-]Xn 28-˛29-˛30 Xoø- kN c _p a
\oe-a\ IrjvW≥ \ºq-Xncn Xn-If- n¬ Iev]mØn ctYm-’hw. 29\v t{XXm- ip Ip
0497 2801616 bp-Km-Zn. 30\v Kpcp-hm-bq¿ aWvU-e-ip-≤n,
hnjvWp-]Z- o-]p-Wy-Imew
taS-°qdv: AizXn, `cWn, Im¿ØnI 1/4 Xpem-°qdv: NnØnc 1/2, tNmXn, hnimJw 3/4
Cu amkw KpWw-t]m-cm. Zº-Xn-Iƒ XΩn¬ Ie-l-hpw -hn-c- Cu amkw hfsc Icp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-I. XkvI-c-`-bw, bm{X-I-
l-Zpx-Jhpw hkvXp-hm-l-\m-Zn-Iƒ aqew kmº-ØnI IjvS- fn¬ [\-\-jvSw, A]-I-S-߃, Im¬]mZ DZ-c-tcm-K-߃ ˛
\-jvSß- fpw [mcmfw bm{X-Ifpw imco-cn-I£ - o-Whpw _‘p- Krl-Øn¬ _‘p-I-e-lw, H‰-s∏-S¬ ˛ hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬
P-\-߃ XΩn¬ Ie-lhpw hntcm-[hpw tPmen ÿe-am-‰- Dd°wXq߬, Ae-kX aqew ]cm-P-bw ˛ Nn´n tem´dn
ßfpw tae-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS CS-s]-Sepw hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ XpS-ßn-bh - b
- n¬ IqSn [\-\jvSw. bm{X-Iƒ ]c-am-h[n Hgnhm-
Dd°w Xqßepw Ae-k-Xbpw tXm¬hnbpw Im¬ap´v thZ- °p-I.
\-Ifpw ^e-am-Ip-∂p.
hr›n-I-°qdv: hnimJw1/4, A\ngw, Xrt°-´
FS-h-°qdv: Im¿ØnI 3/4, tcmlnWn, aIocyw 1/2
]pXnb {]Xym-i-I-fpw, hcp-am-\-am¿§-߃ sXfn-™p-h-cn-
bm{X-I-fn¬ hfsc hne-s∏´ B`-c-Wm-Zn-Itfm tcJ-Itfm Ibpw Imcy-ß-sf√mw A\p-Iq-e-ambn Xocp-Ibpw, Kƒ^v
ssItamiw hcm\pw Ae-®n-en\pw tbmKw, If-{X-]p-{Xm-cn- bm{Xm-tbm-Khpw ]pXn-bX - mbn sXmgn-en¬ tNcm-\p≈ Ah-
jvS-X-I-fpw, [\-\-jvShpw, Nn´n, tem´dn XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ k-chpw IpSpw-_-Øn¬ sFIyhpw kvt\lhpw hyh-lm-c-
IqSn Aev]w em`-ßfpw, hnZym-hn-Pb - hpw {]tam-j\pw hnhm- hn-P-bhpw, ]Tn-∏n¬ \√ hnP-bhpw AwKo-Im-chpw, ssZhm-
lkn≤nbpw ^ew. [o-\hpw ImWp-∂p.
anYp-\-°qdv: aIocyw 1/2, Xncp-hm-Xn-c, ]pW¿Xw 3/4
[\p-°qdv: aqew, ]qcm-Sw, D{XmSw 1/4
hnZym-]p-tcm-KX - nbpw a’-cß - f - n¬ hnP-bhpw k¥m-\t- ¢-i-
ßfpw sXmgn¬hn-]p-eo-I-c-Whpw Krl-\n¿ΩmWw Bcw-`n- hnhm-lm-Zn-I¿Ω-kn-≤n-I-fpw, DtZym-K-e-_v[nbpw hkvXp-hm-
°p-hm\pw Krl-Øn¬ awK-f-I¿Ωm-tem-N-\-Iƒ Xocp-am-\- l-\m-Zn-Iƒ aqew kmº-ØnIt\´-ßfpw Kƒ^v bm{Xm-tbm-
am-Im\pw hnhm-l-h-kvXp-h-l-Iƒ t\Sm\pw kabw \∂v. Khpw a’-c-]-co-£-I-fn¬ D∂-X-hn-P-bhpw AwKo-Im-chpw
amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v Acn-jvS-Im-ew. BtcmKyw Xr]vXn-I-cw. Nn´n, tem´dn XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ IqSn [\-]p-jvSnbpw awK-f-
Cu amkw 10 Ign-™m¬ A\p-Iq-ew. I¿Ω-kn-≤n-bpw, hyh-lm-c-hn-P-bhpw. BtcmKyw Xr]vXn-I-
cw.-ssZ-hm-[o\w D≠v. Krl-\n¿ΩmWw XpS-ßpw.
I¿°n-S-I°qdv: ]pW¿Xw 1/4, ]qbw, Bbneyw
a\x-t¢-ihpw hym]m-ch - y-hk- m-bc - w-KØv amµy-Xbpw _‘p- aI-c-°qdv: D{XmSw 3/4, Xncp-thmWw, Ahn´w 1/2
I-el- hpw am\-lm-\nbpw BtcmKyw t]mcm-bI v bpw Im¬]m- D∂-X-ÿm-\-am-\-e-_v[nbpw hyh-lm-cm-Zn-I-fn¬ hnP-bhpw
Z-tcm-Kß - tfm hnj-`b - tam kw`-hn-°p-hm\pw tbmKw ImWp- hkvXp-hm-l-\m-Zn-Iƒ aqew [\-]p-jvSnbpw Krl-Øn¬
∂p. Nn´n, tem´-dn XpS-ßn-bh - b
- n¬ IqSn Aev]w t\´-ßfpw sFIyhpw _‘p-_-ehpw k¥m-\-ß-fn¬ kwXr-]vXnbpw
hml-\-em-`hpw hnZym-hn-P-bhpw a’-c-]-co-£-I-fn¬ hnP- anI® hnP-bhpw a’-c-]-co-£-I-fn¬ D∂-X-hn-P-b-hpw,
bhpw Krl-\n¿Ωm-Whpw hnhm-l-Xo-cp-am-\ßfpw A\p-Iq- ]pXnb sXmgn¬cw- K Øv Nph- S p- d - ∏ n- ° p- h m\pw \∂v .
e-ambn ImWmw. BtcmKyw Xr]vXn-Ic - w.
Nnß-°qdv: aIw,- ]qcw, D{Xw 1/4 Ipw`-°qdv: Ahn´w 1/2, NX-bw, ]qtcm-cp-´mXn 3/4
hym]m-c-h¿≤-\hpw ÿm\-am-\-ßfpw DtZym-K-e-_v[nbpw s]mXpsh KpWw t]mcm. sXmgn¬apS°w, Zqc-ÿ-e-ß-fn-
hntZ-ih - m-khpw hkvXp-hm-lm-\m-Zn-Iƒ hnevt°-≠n-hc - n-Itbm te°v am‰-ßtfm XcwXmgvØtem tae-[n-Im-cn-IfpsS A{]o-
\jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm Krl-Øn¬ {]mbw sN∂-h¿°v Xntbm ImWmw. a’- c - ] - c o- £ - I - f nepw sSÃp- I - f nepw
BtcmKy{]iv\-ßfpw hnZym-hn-Pbw a’-c-]-co-£-I-fn¬ tXm¬hn. A\m-hiybm{X-Ifpw hmIvX¿°-ßfpw th≠n-h-
hnPbw, hyh-lm-c-Pbw, F∂nhbpw ImWmw. BtcmKyw cmw. ]Tn-∏n¬ Ae-kX ˛ BtcmKyw t]mcm-bvI. Dd°w
t]mcm. hnhm-lh - n-jb - ß- f- n¬ Xocp-am-\a - m-Ipw. D¬Ir-jvSZ- n- \jvSs∏-Sp-I. If{X AcnjvSX F∂nh ^ew.
\-߃ 3,4,5,27,28. ao\°qdv: ]qtcm-cp-´mXn 1/4, D{X-´m-Xn, tchXn
I∂n-°qdv: D{Xw 3/4, AØw, NnØnc 1/2 hym]m-cc - w-KØv [mcmfw [\-\j - vSß
- fpw i{Xp-{]-bp-‡a - mb
ITn-\m-≤zm-\hpw \jvS-ßfpw X∑qew Btcm-Ky-X-I¿®bpw I¿Ω-_-‘-ßfpw Btcm-Ky-lm-\nbpw Im¬]mZ DZ-c-tcm-K-
Im¬]m-Z-tcm-K-ßfpw IpSpw-_-Øn¬ A¥x-On-{Zhpw If-{X- ßfpw hkvXp-h-l-Iƒ ssItamiw hcn-I. hml-\-A-]-I-S-
ZpxJhpw hnc-lhpw sXmgn¬cwKØv I¿Ω-XS-   - hpw X∑qew ߃ IcpXnbncn-°pI. Zqc-bm-{X-Iƒ Ign-hXpw Hgn-hm-°p-
tae-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS iIm-chpw hkvXp-hm-l-\m-Zn-Iƒ aqew I. \n›-bn-®p-d∏ - n® Icm-dp-Iƒ ]eXpw \S-∏n-em-hn-√. hnZym-
]W-\j - Sv hpw hogvNI - fpw ImWmw. hnZym-hn-Pbw t]mc. \n›- KpWw t]mc. Xpemw 10,11,12,13,23,24,30 A\p-Iq-e-Zn-\-߃.
bn-®p-d-∏n® awK-f-I¿Ω-߃°v Xmakw hcmw. Cu amkw
20 hsc Xosc A\p-Iq-e-a-√.
1186 Xpemw
42 ln-µp-hn-iz-