Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Experience to Date”
From left to rigth: a) Damage by Asia corn borer and b) Bt maize plot in Barangay Conel, Mindanao, The Philippines, c) Transgenic Garden, UP-
LB Los Banos, Luzon, Philippines
Current status 2009
90 million hectares
Six countries cultivated 96% of this area
USA 50.0
Argentina17.1
Canada 5.8
China 3.3
Paraguay 1.8
India 1.3
Mainly four crops and two technologies
Private sector dominates product development
Public sector in developing countries developed multiple
technologies, very few have reached farmers
In developing countries
Argentina, Brazil, China and India represent close to
90% adoption in developing countries
Only two countries planting locally-developed public
sector technologies: India and China
Three countries in Africa planting GM crops: South
Africa, Burkina Faso and Egypt
Confined Field Trials in Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria,
Philippines, India, China, Brazil, Guatemala, Honduras,
Mexico, Argentina, others...
What do we know from the economic impact assessment
literature to date? –
A review of 187 peer
reviewed studies
Different impact domains
Farmers, household and
community
Industry and markets
Consumers
Trade
Citation: Smale, Melinda; Zambrano, Patricia; Gruère, Guillaume; Falck-Zepeda, José; Matuschke, Ira; Horna, Daniela; Nagarajan, Latha;
Yerramareddy, Indira; Jones, Hannah. 2009. Measuring the economic impacts of transgenic crops in developing agriculture during the first
decade: Approaches, findings, and future directions. (Food policy review 10) Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute
(IFPRI) 107 pages
On average, profitable—but averages mask variability by
agro-climate, host cultivar, trait, farmer
Some Ex ante results from studies conducted by IFPRI
and country partners
Country Crop/Trait Representative findings
Uganda Fungal resistant • If approval delayed, forego potential annual (social) benefits of
bananas +/- US$200 million
Philippines Bt maize • Adopters tend to be larger, use hired labor and are more educated.
• Growing Bt maize significantly increases profits and yields
• Significant insecticide use reductions
Yield Advantage 40 11 41 9
(n)