1 Swaraj is my Birth Right Bal Gangadhar Tilak

2 Take care to get what you like or you will be forced to like what you get. G. B. Shaw
3 A thing of beauty is a joy forever John Keats
4 To be and not to be that is the question. Shakespeare
5 Delhi Chalo Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
6 Superstition is the religion of feeable minds. Edmund Burke
7 Let a hundread flowers bloom and let a thousand school of thought contend. Mao-Ste-Tunng
8 Aram Haram Hai Jawahar Lal Nehru
9 Where wealth accumulates, men decay. Goldsmith
10 Beauty is truth, truth is beauty, that is all. John Keats
11 I came I saw I conquered Shekspear
12 Good Government is no substitute for self government. Alfred Tennyson
13 A democratic Government is of the people, for the people and by the people. Abraham Linkon
14 Jay Hind Netaji
15 Law grinds the poor and rich men rule the men. Gold Smith
16 The human soul needs actual beauty more than bread. D. H. Lawrence
17 War is the greatest crime man perpetrates against man. Zarathustra
18 There never was a good war or a bad peace. Benjamin Franklin
19 The only man who never makes mistakes is the man who never does anything. Theodore Roosevelt
20 Truth and Non-violence is my God M. K. Gandhi
21 Jai Jawan, Jai Krishan Lal Bahadur Shastri
22 Eureka Eureka Archimedes
23 Just as I would not like to be a slave, so I would not like to be a master. Abraham Linkon
24 Brevity is the soul of wit. Shekspear
25 East is east and west is west and never the twin shall meet. Kipling
26 Knowledge is Power Hobbes
27 Man is by nature a political animal. Aristotol
28 Temptation usually comes in through a door that has delibaretly been left open. Arnold Glasow
29 I therefore want freedom immediately this very night, before dawn if it can be had? Gandhiji
30 Man is not the creature of circumstance. Circumstances are the creature of men. Disraeli
31 Excellent things are rare. Plato
32 Well done is better than well said. Benjamin Franklin
33 Ambition is like love: Impatient both of delays as well as rivals. Buddha
34 The child is father of the man. William Wordsworth
35 Faith is the bird that feels the light when the dawn is still dark.Rabindra Nath Tagore
36 Patriotism is religion and religion is love for India. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee

Classical Folk and Tribal Dances in India Classical Dance of India

Dance State
Bharat Natyam Tamil Nadu
Bihu Assam
Bhangra Punjab
Chhau Bihar, Orissa, W. Bengal and Jharkhand
GarhwaliUttaranchal
Garba Gujarat
Hattari Karnataka
Kathak North India
Kathakali Kerala
Kutchipudi Andhra Pradesh
Khantumm Mizoram
Karma Madhya Pradesh
Laho Meghalaya
Mohiniattam Kerala
Mando Goa
Manipuri Manipur
Nati Himachal Pradesh
Nat-Natin Bihar
Odissi Orissa
Rauf Jammu & Kashmir
Yakshagan Karnataka
Folk and Tribal Dances
States Dances
Maharashtra Kathakeertan, Lezin, Dandaniya, Tamasha, Gafa, Dahikala, Lovani, Mauni, Dasavtar.
Karnataka Huttari, Suggi Kunitha, Yakashagana
Kerala Kaikottikali, Kaliyattam, Tappatikkali
Tamil Nadu Kolattam, Pinnal Kolattam, Kummi, Kavadi, Karagam
Andhra Pradesh Ghanta Mardala, Veedhi Natakam, Burrakatha
Orissa Ghumara Sanchar, Chadya Dandanata, Chhau
West Bengal Kathi, Chhau, Baul, Kirtan, Jatra, Lama
Assam Bihu, Khel Gopal, Rash Lila, Tabal Chongli, Canoe
Punjab Giddha (women), Bhangra (men)
J&K Rauf, Hikat
Himachal Pradesh Jhora, Jhali, Dangli, Mahasu, Jadda, Jhainta, Chharhi
Haryana Jhumar, Ras Leela, Phag dance, Daph, Dhamal, Loor, Gugga, Khoria, Gagor
Gujarat Garba, Dandiya Rass, Tippani, Gomph
Rajasthan Ginad, Chakri, Gangore, Terahtaal, Khayal, Jhulan Leela, Jhuma, Suisini
Bihar Jata Jatin, Jadur, Chhau, Kathaputli, Bakho, Jhijhiya, Samochakwa, Karma, Jatra, Natna
Uttar Pradesh Nautanki, Thora, Chappeli, Raslila, Kajri.
Famous Dancer
Bharatnatyam Bala Saraswati, C. V. Chandrasekhar, Leela Samson, Mrinalini Sarabhai, Padma Subramanyam,
Rukmini Devi, Sanyukta Panigrahi, Sonal Mansingh, Yamini Krishnamurti
Kathak Bharti Gupta, Birju Maharaj, Damayanti Joshi, Durga Das, Gopi Krishna, Kumudini Lakhia, Sambhu Maharaj,
Sitara Devi
Kuchipudi Josyula Seetharamaiah, Vempathi Chinna Sthyam
Manipuri Guru Bipin Sinha, Jhaveri Sisters, Nayana Jhaveri, Nirmala Mehta, Savita Mehta Debaprasad Das, Dhirendra
Nath Pattnaik, Indrani Rahman, Kelucharan Mahapatra, Priyambaba Mohanty, Sonal Mansingh
Instrumentalists
Sarod Ali Akbar Khan, Allaudin Khan, Amjad Ali Khan, Buddhadev Dasgupta, Bahadur Khan, Sharan Rani, Zarin S.
Sharma
Tabla Alla Rakha Khan, Kishan Maharaj, Nikhil Ghosh, Zakir Hussain
Violin Baluswamy Dikshitar, Gajanan Rao Joshi, Lalgudi G. Jayaraman, M. S. Gopala krishnan, Mysore T.
Chowdiah, T. N. Krishnan
Shehnal Bismillah Khan
Sitar Nikhil Banerjee, Ravi Shankar, Vilayat Khan, Hara Shankar Bhattacharya
Flute Hari Prasad Chaurasia, Pannalal Ghose, T. R. Mahalingam
Veena K. R. Kumaraswamy lyer, Doraiswami lyengar
Vocalists
Hindustani Shubha Mudgal, Bheemsen Joshi, Madhup Mudgal, Mukul Shivputra, Pandit Jasraj, Parveen
Sultana, Naina Devi, Girija Devi, Ustad Ghulam Mustafa Khan, Gangubai Hangal, Krishna Hangal, V. Rajput, Kumar
Gandharva, Faiyyaz Khan, Mallikarjun Mansur, Kishori Amonkar, Ustad Rashid Khan.
Carnatic M. S. Subbalakshmi, Balamuralikrishna, Bombay Jaishree, H. K. Raghavendra, H. K. Venkataram, Sitarajam,
Mani Krishnaswamy, Akhil Krishnan, M. L. Vasanthakumari, M. D. Ramanathan, G. N. Balasubramaniam
Thumri Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Ustad Mazhar Ali Khan, Ustad Zawad Ali Khan, Rita Ganguli, Poornima
Chaudhary, Shanti Heerananda, Naina Devi
Quwwali Ghulam Hasan Niyazi, Sultan Niyazi, Ghulam Farid Nizami, Chand Nizami, Iqbal Hussain Khan Bandanawaji,
Aslam Sabari
Dhrupad Ustad Rahim Fahimuddin Dagar, Zahiruddin Dagar, Waslfuddin Dagar, Bundecha Bandhu, Uday Bhawalkar,
Pt. Abhay Narayan Mallick, Pt. Ritwik Sanyal

Commonwealth Game 2010, Delhi - Venues

Event Name Venue
Badminton and Squash Siri Fort Sports Complex

Netball Thyagaraj Sports Complex

Rugby 7s Delhi University
Table Tennis Yamuna Sports Complex
Weightlifting and Wrestling Indira Gandhi Sports Complex
ShootingDr Karni Singh Shooting Range
Archery Preliminaries Yamuna Sports Complex
Lawn Bowls Jawaharlal Nehru Sports Complex
Athletics Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium
Boxing Talkatora Indoor Stadium
Gymnastics Indira Gandhi Stadium
Hockey Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium
Swimming Dr S.P. Mukherjee Aquatics Complex
Tennis R.K. Khanna Tennis Stadium
SPORTS AND THE TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH THEM
Badminton

Angled Drive Serve, Backhand Low Serve, Bird, Deuce, Double Droup, Fault, Flick Serve, Forehand Smash, Let, Lob,
Love All, net Shots, Rush, Smash.
Baseball

Base, Battery, Bunting, Catcher, Diamond, Hitter, Home Infield, Outfield, Pinch, Pitcher Plate, Pullout, Short Stop,
Strike.
Basketball

Ball, Basket, Blocking, Dribbling, Free Throw, Held Ball, Holding, Jump Ball, Multiple Throws, Pivot.
Billiards

Baulk Line, Break, Bolting, Cannon, Cue, Hazard, In-off, Jigger, Long jenney, Pot, Scratch, Screw Back, short Stop,
Strike.
Boxing

Ausiliary Point System, Babit Punch, Break, Cut, Defence, Down, Hook, Jab, Lying On, Knock, Seconds out, Slam,
Upper Cut, Weight In, Win by Knock-out.
Bridge

Auction, Bid, Chicane, Cut, Declarer, Doubleton, Dummy, Finesse, Grand Slam, Little Slam, Notrumps, Over-trick,
Revoke, rubber, Ruff, Shuffle, Suit, Vulnerable.
Chess

Bishop, Capture, Castling, Checkmate, En Passant, Gambit, Grand Master, King, Knight, Pawn, Queen, Rook,
Stalemate, Under Promoting.
Cricket

Ashes, Banana, Boundary, Bowling, Caught, Chinaman, Cover Drive, Crease, Doosra, Duck, Duckworth-Lewis Rule,
Fine Leg, Follow On, Full Toss, Gardening, Googly, Gully, Hat-trick, Hit Wicket, Inswinger, l.b.w., Leg-break, Leg-bye,
Leg Glance, late Cut, maiden Over, No Ball, Off Break, On Drive, Out, Outswinger, Over, Mandatory Over, over Pitch,
Popping Crease, Rubber, Run Down, Run Out, Short Pitch, Silly Point, Slip, Square Leg, Stone Walling, Straight Drive,
Stumped, Short leg, Spin, Swing, Thirdman, Yorker.
Croquet

Hoops, Mallet, Peg Out.

Draughts

Huff
Football
Advantage Clause, Blind Side, Centre Forward, Corner Kick, Dead Ball, Direct Free Kick, Dribble, Goal kick, Golden
Goal, Hat-trick, Marking, OffSide, Penalty Kick, Penalty Shootout, Red Card, Striker, Throw In, Tripping.
Golf

Best-ball Foursome, Bogey, Bunker, Caddie, Dormy, Fairway, Fourball, Foursome, Greed Holes, Links, Niblic, Par,
Put, Rough, Stymied, Tee, Threesome.
Gymnastics

A-bars, Ariel, Blocks, Cone of Swing, Dish, Flairs, Giants, Inlocate, Kip, Planche, Tariff, Tumble, Virtuosity, Wrap.
Hockey

Advantage, Back-stick, Bully, Cary, Centre Forward, Corner, Dribble, Flick, Free-hit, Goal Line, Green Card, Halfway
Line, Hat-trick, Off-side, Red Car, Roll -in, Scoop, Short Corner, Sixteen-yard hit, Square Pass, Stick, Striking Cirele,
Tackle, Tie-breaker, Zonal Marking.
Horse Racing

Jockey, Punt, Steeplechase, Thorough Bred.

Judo

Ashi-waza, chui, Dan, Dojo, Gyaku, Hajime, Ippon, Jigotai, Kaeshiwaza, Koka, Makikomi, Nage-waza, O-goshi,
Randori, Scarf, Tani-Otoshi, Uchi-komvi, Waki-gatame, Yoshi, Yuko.
Karate

Age Zuki, Ai-uchi, Aka, Chakugan, Dachi, Encho Sen, Fudotachi, Gedan, Geri, Hajime, Ibuki, Jion, Kakato, Koka,
Makiwara, Nidan, Obi, Rei, Sanbon, Shiro, Tobigeri, Ude, Waza-ari, Yoko-geri, Zanshin, Zen-no.
Polo

Bunker, Chukker, Mallet.

Rowing

Bow, Bucket, Cow, Ergometer, Feather, Paddle, Regatta.

Rugby Football

A Trackle, Lines, Scrum, Touch, Try.

Shootng

Bag, Bull's Eye, Marksmanship, Muzzle, Plug.

Skiing

Tobogganing.
Swimming

Breast Stroke, Crawl.

Table Tennis
Anti Loop, Backspin, Chop, Loop, Penhold Grip, Push, Spin, Twiddle.
Tennis

Ace, Backhand Stroke, Deuce, Deep Volley, Deuce, Double Fault, Fault, Ground Stroke, Half Volley, Let, Love, Slice,
Smash, Volley
Volleyball

Ace, Base-line, Blocking, Doubling, Foot Fault, Heave, Holding, Jump Set, Lob Pass, Love All, Point, Quick Smash,
Scouting, Service, Spike, Tactical Ball, Volley, Windmill Service.
Wrestling

Half-Nelson, Head Lock, Heave, Hold, Rebouts, Scissor.

AREA/MEASUREMENTS OF VARIOUS SPORTS FIELDS

Badminton

44ft by 20ft. (doubles); 44ft. By 17 ft (singles)

Baseball

Diamond shaped ground; 90ft on each side and 127ft. Along the diagonal
Basketball

85ft by 46ft (maximum dimensions)

Billiards

10ft. Long, 5ft. Side and 3ft. High

Cricket

Ground: Round or oval shaped; Wickets: 22 yds. Apart; Ball: 8 13/14 to 9 inches in circumference and 5 3/4 oz. in
weight; Bat: 4 1/4 inches maximum width and 38 inches maximum length; Bowling crease: 8 ft. and 8 inches in
length; Popping crease: 4 ft. fro

Derby Course

1 1/2 miles (2.4 km).

Football

Length: 100 yds. To 130 yds.; breadth 50 yds; Goal width: 8 yds., Bar: 8 ft. from ground; Area 6 yds., from each
goal-post; Ball: 27 inches to 28 inches in circmference; Duration: 90 minutes maximum.
Golf

Hole 4 1/2 inches; Ball: 1 1/2 oz. in weight.

Hockey
Ground 100 yds. By 55 to 60 yds.; Duration of game: two periods of 30 minutes each plus extra time in case of
draw or suspension of game for some reason; Goal perpendicular posts: 8 yds. Apart joined together by a horizontal
cross bar 7 ft. from ground; B

Marathon Race

26 miles, 385 yards.

Polo

Ground: 300 yds. By 200 yds.

Table Tennis

9 ft. x 6 ft. x 2 1/2 ft.

Tennis

78 ft. by 28 ft. (singles), 78 ft. by 36 ft. (doubles).

Volleyball

Rectangular 30 ft. by 30 ft.

COUNTRIES AND THEIR NATIONAL SPORTS
AustraliaCricket
Canada Ice Hockey
China Table Tennis
England Cricket and Rugby Football
India Hockey
Japan Ju-Jitsu
Russia Chess
Scotland Rugby Football
Spain Bull Fighting
USA Baseball
TROPHIES ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS SPORTS & GAMES
Air Racing

Jawaharlal Challenge Trophy, King's Cup, World Cup.

Archery

Federation Cup
Athletics

Charminar Trophy, Federation Cup, World Cup.

Badminton
Agarwal Cup, Amrit Diwan Cup, Asia Cup, Austrelasia Cup, Chadha Cup, European Cup, Harilela Cup, Ibrahim
Rahimatollah Challenge Cup, Konica Cup, Narng cup, Sophia Kitiakara Cup, Konica Cup, S. R. Ruia Cup, Thomas
Cup, Tunku Abdul Rahman Cup, Uber Cup, World Cup, Yonex Cup.
Basketball

Basalat Jha Trophy, B. C. Gupta Trophy, Federation Cup, S. M. Arjuna Raja trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, William
Jones Cup.
Billiards

Arthur Walker Trophy, Thomas Cup.

Boat Rowing

American Cup (Yacht racing), Wellington Trophy (India).

Boxing

Aspy Adjahia Trophy, federation Cup, Val iBaker Trophy.

Bridge

Basalat Jha Trophy, Holkar Trophy, Ruia Gold Cup, Singhania Trophy.
Chess

Naidu Trophy, Khaitan Trophy, Limca Trophy, Linares City Trophy, World Cup.
Cricket

Anthony D'Mellow Trophy, Ashes, Asia Cup, Benson and Hedges Cup, Bose Trophy, Champions Trophy, Charminar
Challenge Cup, C. K. Nayudu Trophy, Cooch-Behar Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, Duleep Trophy, Gavaskar-Border
Trophy, Duleep Trophy, Gavaskar-Border Trophy, G. D. Birla Trophy, Gillette Cup, Ghulam Ahmad Trophy, hakumat
Rai Trophy, ICC World Cup, Interface Cup, Irani Trophy, Jawaharlal Nehru Cup, Lombard World Challenge Cup,
McDowells Challenge Cup, Merchant Trophy, Moin-ud-Dowla Cup, NatWest Trophy, Prudential Cup (World Cup), Rani
Jhansi Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Rohinton Baria Trophy, Rothmans Cup, Sahara Cup, Sharjah Cup, Sheesh Mahal Trophy,
Sheffield Shield, Singer Cup, Sir Frank Worrel Trophy, Texaco Cup, Titan Cup, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Vijay Merchant
Trophy, Vizzy Trophy, Wisden Trophy, Wills Trophy, World Series Cup.
Football

African Natons Cup, Airlines Cup, america Cup, Asia Cup, Asian Women's Cup, Bandodkar Trophy, B. C. Roy Trophy,
Begum Hazrat Mahal Cup, Bicentennial Gold Cup, BILT Cup, Bordoloi Trophy, Colombo Cup, Confederations Cup,
DCM Cup, Durand Cup, European Cup, FA Cup, Federation Cup, G. V. Raja Memorial Trophy, gold Cup, Governor's
Cup, Greek Cup, Great Wall Cup, IFA Shield, Independence Day Cup, Indira Gandhi Trophy, Inter-Continental Cup,
Jawaharlal Nehru Gold Cup, Jules Rimet Trophy, Kalinga Cup, Kings Cup, Kirin Cup, Lal Bahadur Shastri Trophy,
McDowell Cup, Merdeka Cup, Nagjee Trophy, Naidunia Trophy, Nations Cup, NFL Trophy, Nehru Gold Cup, Nizam
Gold Cup, Raghbir Singh Memorial Cup, Rajiv Gandhi Trophy, Rovers Cup, Sanjay Gold Cup, Santosh Trophy,
Scissors Cup, Sir Ashutohs Mukherjee Trophy, Stafford Cup, Subroto Cup, Supercup Trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy,
UEFA Cup, US Cup, Vittal Trophy, Winner's Cup, World Cup.
Golf

Canada Cup, Eisenhower Trophy, Inter-Continental Cup, Maekyung LG Fashion Open Trophy, Muthiah Gold Cup,
Nomura Trophy, Paralamdi Trophy, President's Trophy, Prince of Wales Cup, Ryder Cup, Solheim Cup, Topolino
Trophy, Walker Cup, Waterford Crystal Trophy, World Cup.
Hockey
Agha Khan Cup, Allwyn Asia Cup, Azlan Shah Cup, Beighton Cup, Bhim Sain Trophy, BMW Trophy, Bombay Gold
Cup, Champions Trophy, Clarke Trophy, Dhyan Chand Trophy, Esanda Champions Cup, European Nations Cup,
Gurmeet Trophy, Guru Nanak Cup, Gyanvati Devi Trophy, Indira Gandhi Gold Cup, Intercontinental Cup, Khan Abdul
Gaffar Khan Cup, Kuppuswamy Naidu Cup, Lady Rattan Tata Cup (women), Lal Bahadur Shastri Cup, Maharaja
Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Modi Gold Cup, Murugappa Gold Cup, Nehru Trophy, Obaidullah Gold Cup, Prime Minister's
Gold cup, Rangaswami Cup, Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Rene Frank Trophy, Sanjay Gandhi Trophy, Scindia gold Cup,
Shriram Trophy, Tunku Abdul Razak Cup, Wellington Cup, World Cup, Yadavindra Cup.
Horse Racing

Beresford Cup, Blue Riband, Derby, Grand Natonal Cup.

Kabaddi

Federation Cup
Kho-Kho

Federation Cup
Netball

Anantrao Pawar Trophy.

Polo

Ezar Cup, Gold Cup, King's Cup, President Cup, Prithi Singh Cup, Radha Mohan Cup, Winchester Cup.
Rowing

Beefeather's Gin.
Rugby Football

Bledisloe Cup; Calcutta Cup, Webb Ellis Trophy.

Shootng

North Wales Cup, Welsh Grand Prix.

Snooker

Team Tournament Asean Cup.

Table Tennis

Asian Cup, Berna Bellack Cup, Corbillion Cup (women), Electra Gold Cup, Gasper-Giest Prize, Grand Prix, Jayalaxmi
Cup (women), Kamala Ramanunjan Cup, Marcel Corbillon Cup, Pithapuram Cup (men), Swaythling Cup (men),
Travancore Cup (women), U Thant Cup, World Cup.
Tennis

Ambre Solaire Cup, A T&T Cup, Champions Cup, ATP President's Cup, Davis Cup, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Cup,
Edgbaston Cup, Evert Cup, Federation Cup, Ghafar Cup, Grand Prix, Grand Slam Cup, Nations' Cup, Watson's Water
Trophy, Wightman Cup, Wimbledon Trophy, World Cup, World Team Cup.
Volleyball
Centennial Cup, Federation Cup, Indira Pradhan Trophy, Shivanthi Gold Cup, World Cup, World League Cup.
Weightlifting

World Cup.
Wrestling

Bharat Kesari, Burdwan Shield, World Cup.

Yachting

America Cup

IMPORTANT SPORTS VENUES

Athletics

Commonwealth Stadium (Canada), Olympic Stadium (Athens), Stadium Australia (Sydney)

Baseball

Brooklyn (USA), Dodger Stadium (USA), Qualcomm Stadium (USA), Veterans Stadium (USA).
Basketball

Alamodome (Texas)D, Charlotte Coliseum (USA).

Boat Rowing

Putney (England).
Boxing

Madison Square Garden (USA), Yankee Stadium (USA).

Cricket

Asgiriya Stadium (Kandy), Arbal-Niaz Stadium (Peshawar), Bangabandhu National Stadium (Dhaka), Barabati
Stadium (Cuttack), Brabourne Stadium (Mumbai), Chinnaswamy Stadium (Bangalore), Eden Gardens (kolkata), Eden
Park (Auckland), Ferozeshah Kotla Ground (Delhi), Gaddafi Stadium (Lahore), Green Park (Kanpur), Indira
Priyadarshini Stadium (Visakhapatnam), Iqbal Stadium (Faisalabad), Jinnah Stadium (Gujranwala), Khettarama
Stadium (Colombo), Lal Bahadur Stadium (Hyderabad), Leeds (London, England), Lords (London, England), M. A.
Chidambaram Stadium (Chennai), Melbourne (Australia), National Stadium (Karachi), Nehru Stadium (Pune), Nehru
Stadium (New Delhi), nehru Stadium (Goa), Old Trafford (Manchester, England), Oval (London, England), Pindi
Stadium (Rawalpindi), Sabina Park (West Indies), Sawai Man Singh Stadium (Jaipur), Sinhalese Sports Club Stadium
(Colombo), Trent Bridge (England), Wankhede Stdium (Mumbai), Wanderers (South Africa).
Football

Ambedkar Stadium (New Delhi), Athens Olympic Stadium (Greece), Brookland (England), Corporation Stadium
(Kolkata), Fed Ex Field (USA), Millennium Stadium (UK), Nehru Stadium (New Delhi), Oita Big Eye Stadium (Japan),
Pontiac Silverdome (USA), Salt Lake Stadium (Kolkata), San Januario Stadium (Brazil), Veterans Stadium (USA),
Wembley (London), Yokohama Internatioinal Stadium (Japan).
Golf
Augusta National Club (USA), Lyon Golf Club (France), Metropolitan Club (Melbourne), Sendy Lodge (Scotland),
Yangon Club (Myanmar).
Greyhound Racing

White City (England).

Hockey

Dhyan Chand Stadium (Lucknow), Lal Bahadur Stadium (Hyderabad), Merdeka Stadium (Kuala Lumpur), Major
Dhyan Chand Stadium (formerly National Stadium, New Delhi), Nehru Stadium (New Delhi), Sawai Man Singh
Stadium (Jaipur), Shivaji Stadium (New Delhi), Wagener Stadium (The Netherlands).
Horse Racing

Aintree (England), Doncaster (England), Epsom (England), Flemington (Melbourne).

Lawn Tennis:

DLTA Grounds (New Delhi), Wimbledon (England), Forest Hill (USA).

Polo

Hurlington (England), Jaipur Pologrounds.

Rugby Football

Blackheath, Twickenham (England), Millennium Stadium (Cardiff, UK).

Shootng

Bisley (England), Markopoulo Center (Athens).

Snooker

Blackpool (England).
Swimming

Subhas Sarovar (Kolkata), Talkatora Swimming Pool (New Delhi).

Swimming and Rowing:

Cape Griz Zen Putney-Mort -Lake (England), Sleen Sports Complex (Australia).
Table Tennis

NDMC Indoor Stadium (New Delhi).

Tennis

Foro Italico Stadium (Rome), Rolland Garros Stadium (Paris), Flushing Meadows (New York).

INDIAN MEDAL WINNER IN OLYMPIC (Individual)

Year - 1952 Year - 1996 Year - 2004 Year - 2008 Year - 2008 Year - 2008
K. D. Jadhav Leander Page R. S. Rathore Abhinav Bindra Sushil Kumar Vijendra Kumar
Bronze Bronze Silver Gold Bronze Bronze
Wrestling Tennis (Single) Shooting (Double Trap) ShootingWrestling Boxing
Helinki Atlanta Athens Beijing Beijing Beijing

ANCIENT OLYMPIC GAMES

The origin of the ancient Olympic Games is lost the midst of pre-history, but for many centuries they were only a
festival of the Greek people. The Games were first held in honour of the Greek God, Zeus in 776 BC in the plain of
kingdom of Elis, nestled in lush valley between the Alpheus River and Mount Kronion, 15 km from the Ionian Sea.
The Olympiad celebrated that year was considered as the first and was used to date subsequent historic events.
But religious ceremonies and games were held in Olympia before that time. The oldest sanctuary of Greece was
there, the altar of the Great Mother of Gods, Rhea (Earth). On the day of the feast, the priest stood in front of the
altar, ready to perform a sacrifice. Women were forbidden to be present and the male contestants were naked.
Young men waited at a distance on one stadium (about 200 yds). As soon as a signal was given they ran and the
first to arrive at the altar received the torch from the priest’s hand and lit the sacrificial fire

The old Olympiads were held after every four years and the Greeks measured time in terms of Games started on
the first new moon after the summer solstice, around mid-July. The ancient Olympic Games lasted for five days and
the events took place in a precise order. On the first day, there were sacrifices and opening ceremonies. On the
second day there were special competitions for the “ephebians”. The third day was devoted to events for adult
competitors: dromos, diaulos, dolichos, pugilism, wrestling, pancratium. On the fourth day, there were equestrian
events, pentathlon, and race with arms. On the fifth and the final day, there were closing ceremonies and
proclamation of the heroes. During the first six Olympic games, however, the prize had been a portion of meat or
‘meria’ taken from an animal sacrificed to the Gods. It was only after VII Games that the olive crown was given to
the winners and the moral significance of the prize was considerable. Once the prizes were awarded, a flock of
pigeons was releases to carry the names of the champions to all the corners of the Greece.

The Games came to a sudden end when the Roman Emperor Theodosius banned the competitions and their
attendant sacrificial offerings as pagan manifestations. From 395 AD onwards the fall of Olympia was very rapid. In
that year the first damage was caused by the invasion of Alaric’s barbarians. A year earlier the famous crysele-
phantide statute of Zeus had been taken to Constantinople. It was destroyed in 475 AD during the great fire.
Following the attacks of the Goths, a fire destroyed the temple of Zeus; earth quakes from 522 to 551 and the most
severe of all in 580 brought down whatever had remained standing. Glory had vanished and of the vast riches there
were now left but a few ruins and the name of Olympia. Something immortal remained, however, and that was the
Olympic spirit.
MODERN OLYMPIC GAMES

The revival work of the Games was undertaken by Baron Pierre de Coubertin nearly 1,500 years after the last of the
ancient Games. He was born into a family of Italian origin which had settled in France. It was on November 25,
1892, during a conference at Sorbonne about the history of physical exercises, that he first pronounced those
famous six words in public “The Restoration of the Olympic Games”. He said that the games would ennoble and
strengthen amateur sports, to give them strength and lasting quality for an essential role in the world of modern
education.

It was at the International Congress for the for the Study of the Propagation of the Principles of Amateurism held in
Paris in June 1894 that the delegates led by Baron Pierre de Coubertin and associates unanimously voted to restore
the Olympic Games and to create an International Olympic committee to oversee them. De Coubertin had planned
to propose Paris for the site of the first modern Olympics in 1900 but the enthusiasm and zeal of the delegates was
so great that they insisted the first Games to be held in 1896. Athens was, there fore, the venue for the 1896
Games. Since then these Games are held very four years.The aims of the Olympic Movement are to promote the
development of these fine physical and moral qualities which are the basis of amateur sports and to bring together
the athletes of the world in a great quadrennial festival of sports. The honour of holding the Olympic Games is
entrusted to a city ad not a country or area. The choice of a city for the celebration of an Olympiad is with the
International Olympic Committee.
The XXII Olympic Games were held in Moscow from July 19 to August 3, 1980. Only 80 of the 140 member countries
of the International Olympic Committee participated due to a Western-sponsored boycott of the Games. The XXIII
Games were held in Los Angeles from July 28 to August 12, 1984. The Games were boycotted by the Soviet Union
and other Eastern bloc countries except Romania because of security reason. The Games also saw the re-entry of
China after an absence of 32 years. It was America’s year at the Games just as it was Russia’s year in the XXII
Games in Moscow in 1980 when Americans had boycotted. The XXIV Games were held in Seoul, the capital of South
Korea, form September 17 to October 2, 1988. The Soviet Union was the biggest medals winner of the Games which
was participated by 160 countries. The XXV Games were held in Barcelona, the second largest city of Spain, in July
August 1992. Athletes from 171 countries participated and Olympic medals were awarded to a record 64 nations,
breaking the mark of 52 set at the 1988 Seoul Olympic.

The XXVI Modern Olympic Games were held in Atlanta (USA) from July 19 to August 4 in 1996. Over 10,000 athletes
from 197 countries participated in the 26 sports and 37 disciplines. The Mascot of the Atlanta Olympics was a
computer-generated creative called `Izzy’.
OLYMPIC SYMBOL

It comprises of five rings or circles, linked together to represent the sporting friendship of all people. The rings also
symbolize the continents Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and America. Each ring is of a different colour, i.e., blue,
yellow, black, green and red.
OLYMPIC FLAG

The Olympic flag created in 1913 at the suggestion of Baron Pierre de Coubertin, was solemnly inaugurated in Paris
in June 1914 but it was raised over an Olympic stadium for the first time at the Antwerp Games (Belgium) in 1920.
There is also a second Olympic flag, which is used for the Winter Games. These Flags are made of white silk and
contain five intertwined rings. From left to right the rings are blue, yellow, black, green and red. The rings are
meant to represent five continents viz., Africa (black), America (red), Asia (yellow), Australia (green) and Europe
(blue). At least one of these colours is found on the flag of every country.
OLYMPIC FLAME

It was at the Amsterdam Games in 1928 that for the first time an Olympic flame was ceremonially lighted and
burned in a giant torch at the entrance of the stadium. The modern version of the flame was adopted in 1936 at the
Berlin Games. The Olympic flame symbolizes the continuity between the ancient and modern Games. The torch
used to kindle the flame, is first lit by the sun’s rays at Olympia, Greece, and then carried to the site of the Games
by relay of runners. Ships and planes are used when necessary. On July 15, 1976, space age technology was used
to transport the flame from one continent to another.
OLYMPIC MOTTO

The Olympic motto is “Citius-Altius-Fortius” (faster, higher, stronger). Rev. Father Didon (1840-1900), headmaster
of a school near Paris and a great promoter of sports in the French Catholic colleges near the end of the nineteenth
century, first used the motto and had it embroidered on the pennants of his school clubs. This succinct definition of
the philosophy of sport appealed to father Didon’s friend, Baron pierre de Coubertin who was responsible for the
revival work of the Olympic Games nearly 1,500 yeas after the last of the ancient games. It was adopted at his
suggestion at the International Congress for the “Study and Propagation of the Principles of Amateurism” on June
23, 1894, the same day on which the restoration of the Olympic Games and the creation of the International
Olympic Committee were also decided.
OLYMPIC PRIZES, MEDALS AND CERTIFICATES

While in ancient times the Olympic heroes received a crown of olive branches for their exploits, modern Olympic
champions are rewarded with medals and certificates. The winning athlete now receives a gold medal, the athlete
in the second place is awarded a Silver medal and the third placed athlete wins a Bronze medal. In addition, all
athletes ranking from first to sixth receive a certificate. Each medal is 60 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick. The first
and second place medals are made of 92.5 per cent silver and the medal for the first winner is then plated with 6
gram of fine gold. Thus this medal is not of full gold. The third place medal is of bronze.
Sites of Summer Olympic
YEAR CITY
1896 Athens
1900 Paris
1904 St. Louis
1908 London
1912 Stockholm
1920 Antwerp
1924 Paris
1928 Amsterdam
1932 Los Angeles
1936 Berlin
1948 London
1952 Helsinki
1956 Melbourne
1960 Rome
1964 Tokyo
1968 Mexico City
1972 Munich
1976 Montreal
1980 Moscow
1984 Los Angeles
1988 Seoul
1992 Barcelona
1996 Atlanta
2000 Sydney
2004 Athens
2008 Beijing
2012 London (Scheduled)

History: Reverend Ashley Cooper was the first person to propose the idea of having a Pan-Britannic sporting contest
to foster a spirit of goodwill and understanding within the British Empire. In 1928, a key Canadian athlete, Bobby
Robinson, was given the task of organizing the first ever Commonwealth Games. These Games were held in 1930,
in the city of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada and saw the participation of 400 athletes from eleven countries.

Since then, the Commonwealth Games have been held every four years, except for the period during the Second
World War. The Games have been known by various names such as the British Empire Games, Friendly Games and
British Commonwealth Games. Since 1978, they have been known as the Commonwealth Games. Originally having
only single competition sports, the 1998 Commonwealth Games at Kuala Lumpur saw a major change when team
sports such as cricket, hockey and netball made their first appearance.

In 2001, the Games Movement adopted the three values of Humanity, Equality and Destiny as the core values of
the Commonwealth Games. These values inspire and connect thousands of people and signify the broad mandate
for holding the Games within the Commonwealth.

After Olympics, Commonwealth Games is the second largest sports festival in the world. The Games are held once
in four years but only in between the Olympic years. The Games were originally known as the British Empire
Games. The first Commonwealth Games were held in 1930 at Hamilton, Canada. The 10th Commonwealth Games
were held at Christchurch, New Zealand in 1974, the 11th in Edmonton (Canada) in 1978, the 12th in Brisbane
(Australia) in 1982, the 13th in Edinburgh (Scotland) in 1986, the 14th in Auckland (New Zealand) in 1990 and the
15th in Victoria (Canada) in 1994, where about 3,350 athletes from a record 64 nations (including South Africa,
which joined the family of Commonwealth athletes after 36 years) participated. Namibia also, which gained its
independence in 1990, made its debut while Hong Kong made its final appearance in the Games before being
ceded to China in 1997. S. No Venue Year No of Countries
1 Hamilton, Canada1930 11
2 London, United Kingdom 1934 16
3 Sydney, Australia 1938 15
4 Auckland, New Zealand 1950 12
5 Vancouver, Canada 1954 24
6 Cardiff, United Kingdom 1958 35
7 Perth, Australia 1962 35
8 Jamaica, West Indies 1966 34
9 Edinburgh, United Kingdom 1970 42
10 Christchurch, New Zealand 1974 38
11 Edmonton, Canada 1978 48
12 Brisbane, Australia 1982 47
13 Edinburgh, United Kingdom 1986 26
14 Auckland, New Zealand 1990 55
15 Victoria, Canada 1994 64
16 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1998 70
17 Manchchester, United Kingdom 2002 72
18 Melbourne, Australia 2006
19 New Delhi, India 2010

ASIAN GAMES

India played a leading role to organise sports festival for Asian countries on Olympic lines. 'Ever Onward' is the
motto of the Asian Games and 'a bright full rising sun with interlocking rings' is its emblem. The first Asian Games
were held at New Delhi in 1951 followed by Manila, Philippines (1954); Tokyo, Japan (1958); Jakarta, Indonesia
(1962); Bangkok, Thailand (1966, 1970, 1978 & 1998); Teheran, Iran (1974); New Delhi, India (1982); Seoul, South
Korea (1986); Beijing, China (1990); Hiroshima, Japan (1994); Bangkok, Thailand (1998); Busan, South Korea
(2002); Doha, Qatar (2006). The next editions of the Games is scheduled to be held in and Guangzhou, China
(2010).
SAP GAMES

The South Asian Federation Games (SAP Games) is a sport festival of South Asian countries. The South Asian Sports
Federation comprising India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives was formed in New Delhi
in November, 1982. The first SAP Games were held in Kathmandu in 1984 followed by Dhaka (1985), Kolkata
(1987), Islamabad (1989), Colombo (1991), Dhaka (1993) and Chennai (1995). The Eighth SAF Games (September
25-Octobcr 4, 1999) were held in Kathmandu. Three new events—badminton, rowing and karate were introduced
for the first time in the 9th SAP Games.

New Name For SAF Games: The SAP Games have been rechristencd as South Asian Games, according to a decision
taken by the South Asian Sports Federation at its 32nd meeting held in Islamabad (Pakistan) on April 2, 2004.

he idea of organising a World Cup of cricket was mooted and agreed to in principle in 1971 when such a proposal
was discussed at a meeting of the International Cricket Conference in London. However, due to various
commitments the tournaments could not be staged until 1975 when the original plan of a South African team's visit
to England fell through following opposition to the country's racial policy. England's Prudential Assurance Company
came forward with sponsorship and for three consecutive years— 1975, 1979 and 1983—the one-day limited overs
cricket tournament was held in England. It became famous as the Prudential Cup.
In the first two tournaments, apart from the six full members of the International Cricket Conference (England,
Australia, West Indies, New Zealand, India and Pakistan), Sri Lanka, before being elevated to Test status in 1981,
had joined East Africa in 1975 and Canada in 1979 (two top teams among the associate members) to complete the
groups in the tournaments proper. The West Indies, under Clive Lloyd, not only won the first two tournaments in
1975 and 1979 but in true Calypso style they produced sparkling cricket and confirmed I heir unassailable
supremacy in this game.

India broke the West Indian stranglehold in 1983 to open a new chapter in the brief annals of this prestigious
tournament. Apiirt from some sparkling individual performances, the competition witnessed thrills and upsets. India
with a poor total of 183 bowled themselves back into the game and became memorable winners by 43 runs at the
sensational final at Lord's. When India managed a total of 183 in the final with useful contributions from Srikkanth
(38), Amarnath (26) and Sandeep Patil (27), it seemed an easy total for the West Indies to overcome, but they
surprisingly folded up for 140 runs and India pulled off one of the cricket's greatest upsets. Amarnath's performance
earned him the coveted Man of the Match award. WORLD CUP CRICKET HISTORY
Year Venue Result
1975 UK West Indies beat Australia by 17 runs
1979 UK West Indies beat England by 92 runs
1983 UK India beat west Indies by 43 runs
1987 India & Pakistan Australia beat England by 7 runs.
1992 Australia Pakistan beat England by 22 runs.
1996 India, Pakistan & Sri Lanka Sri Lanka beat Australia by 7 wickets
1999 UK Australia beat Pakistan by 8 wickets.
2003 South Africa, Kenya & Zimbabwe Australia beat India by 125 runs
2007 West Indies, Bermuda Australia beat Sri Lanka

WORLD CUP FOOTBALL

The World Cup football tournament is organised by the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) once
in four years since 1930. It was on July 18, 1930 that the first-ever World Cup match was played between Uruguay
and Chile, at the newly built Centenary Stadium in Montevideo (Uruguay). The World Cup now officially designated
as Jules-Rimet Cup, named after the French lawyer who was the President of FIFA from 1921 to 1953, is 12 inch
high and made of solid gold.
WORLD CUP FOOTBALL AT A GLANCE
Year Venue Winner Runner Others awards related to this event
2006 Germany Italy France Adidas Golden Ball: Zinedine ZIDANE (FRA)
Adidas Golden Shoe: Miroslav KLOSE (GER)
Yashin Award for the Best Goalkeeper: Gianluigi BUFFON (ITA)
Best Young Player Award: Lukas PODOLSKI (GER)
FIFA Fair Play award: Spain, Brazil
FIFA Award for the Most Entertaining Team: Portugal
2002 Korea/Japan Brazil Germany Adidas Golden Ball: Oliver KAHN (GER)
Adidas Golden Shoe: RONALDO (BRA)
Yashin Award for the Best Goalkeeper: Oliver KAHN (GER)
FIFA Fair Play award: Belgium
FIFA Award for the Most Entertaining Team: Korea Republic
1998 France France Brazil Adidas Golden Ball: RONALDO (BRA)
Adidas Golden Shoe: Davor SUKER (CRO)
Yashin Award for the Best Goalkeeper: Fabien BARTHEZ (FRA)
FIFA Fair Play award: England, France
FIFA Award for the Most Entertaining Team: France
1994 USA Brazil Italy Adidas Golden Ball: ROMARIO (BRA)
Adidas Golden Shoe: Oleg SALENKO (RUS), Hristo STOICHKOV (BUL)
Yashin Award for the Best Goalkeeper: Michel PREUDHOMME (BEL)
FIFA Fair Play award: Brazil
FIFA Award for the Most Entertaining Team: Brazil
1990 Italy Germany FR Argentina Adidas Golden Ball: Salvatore SCHILLACI (ITA)
Adidas Golden Shoe: Salvatore SCHILLACI (ITA)
FIFA Fair Play award: England
1986 Mexico Argentina Germany FR Adidas Golden Ball: Diego MARADONA (ARG)
Adidas Golden Shoe: Gary LINEKER (ENG)
FIFA Fair Play award: Brazil
1982 Spain Italy Germany FR Adidas Golden Ball: Paolo ROSSI (ITA)
Adidas Golden Shoe: Paolo ROSSI (ITA)
FIFA Fair Play award: Brazil
1978 Argentina Argentina Netherlands Golden Shoe: Mario KEMPES (ARG)
FIFA Fair Play award: Argentina
1974 Germany Germany FR Netherlands Golden Shoe: Grzegorz LATO (POL)
1970 Mexico Brazil Italy Golden Shoe: Gerd MUELLER (GER)
1966 England England Germany FR Golden Shoe: EUSEBIO (POR)
1962 Chile Brazil Czechoslovakia Golden Shoe: Florian ALBERT (HUN), Valentin IVANOV (URS), Drazen
JERKOVIC (YUG), Leonel SANCHEZ (CHI), VAVA (BRA), GARRINCHA (BRA)
1958 Sweden Brazil Sweden Golden Shoe: Just FONTAINE (FRA)
1954 Switzerland Germany FR Hungary Golden Shoe: Sandor KOCSIS (HUN)
1950 Brazil Uruguay Brazil Golden Shoe: ADEMIR (BRA)
1938 France Italy Hungary Golden Shoe: LEONIDAS (BRA)
1934 Italy Italy Czechoslovakia Golden Shoe: Oldrich NEJEDLY (TCH)
1930 Uruguay Uruguay Argentina Golden Shoe: Guillermo STABILE (ARG)