International Telecommunication Union

Basic NGN Architecture

Principles & Issues
Keith Knightson
Rapporteur Q3/13 (Architecture)
Industry Canada

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
 NGN Definition
Next Generation Network (NGN):
ITU-T a packet-based network able to provide
telecommunication services and able to make use
of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport
technologies and in which service-related
functions are independent from underlying
transport-related technologies.

It enables unfettered access for users to networks

and to competing service providers and/or
services of their choice. It supports generalized
mobility which will allow consistent and
ubiquitous provision of services to users.
ITU-T Recommendation Y.2001
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 2
dates
 What’s Old: Vertically-Integrated
Networks
ITU-T Pre-NGN

Video Telephone Data

Services Services Services
(TV, movie, etc) (WWW,
e-mail, etc)

Video Telephone Data

Services Services Services
Network Network Network

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 3
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 What’s New:
Horizontally-integrated Network
ITU-T
Video Services (TV, movie, etc)
Data Services (WWW, e-mail, etc)
Telephone Services

NGN Services
Point to point, Point to multipoint, Multipoint to multipoint

NGN Transport
Point to point, Point to multipoint, Multipoint to multipoint

ITU-T Recommendation Y.2011

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 4
dates
 Effects of Separation: the good, the
bad and the ugly
ITU-T o Good:
• Any service over a single IP transport network

o Bad:
• Two different levels of control, authentication,
admission, charging, etc.

o Ugly:
• QoS selection, QoS control, transport resource
allocation, monitoring, accounting for usage.

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 5
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 Decoupling Services from Transport
Network
ITU-T
Service Management
Service Resource AAA Billing
Application
Instance Management
Services
Wholesale Service infrastructure
Retail

Service Management
Transport Service Resource AAA Billing Settlement
Services Instance Management

Service infrastructure
U A10

Subscriber NAP NSP/ASP

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 6
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 Re-distribution of service
intelligence
ITU-T Migration of
Service Intelligence

User Access Core Access User

Domain Domain Domain Domain Domain

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 7
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 Basic Functional Architecture

ITU-T
Service stratum
Application Functions
Management Functions

Service
User
Service and Control Profile
Functions Functions

Transport
User
Profile Network Transport Control Media
Functions Attachment Functions
Control Functions Handling
Functions Other
Customer Gateway Other
Functions Functions networks
networks
Access
Access
Access Transport Edge Core
CoreTransport
Transport
Functions Transport Functions Functions
Functions
functions functions
UNI NNI
Transport stratum
Control
Media

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 8
dates
 End-User Services in NGN R1

o All 3GPP IMS Services delivered to fixed line

ITU-T
systems
o PSTN replacement and legacy services
o IMS extensions to accommodate regulatory
requirements (emergency, disaster relief, etc.)
o QoS-enabled transport
o Secure IP network
o Mobility (continuous where available, global
requirement limited to nomadism for R1)
o Global Interconnect (other NGNs, PSTN/ISDN,
Public Internet, etc.)
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 9
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 Release 1 Service & Capabilities
u Service Types
ITU-T l PSTN/ISDN Emulation services
l PSTN/ISDN Simulation services
l Multimedia services
l Internet access
l Other services (data services etc.)
l Public service aspects (LI, ETS/TDR, etc.)

u Service Capabilities
l Basic network capabilities
l Service support capabilities
l Open Service Environment
l Service Enablers
l PSTN/ISDN Emulation support
l Public service support capabilities

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 10
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 Multimedia Services

ITU-T • Real-time Conversational Voice services

• Instant messaging (IM)
• Push to talk over NGN (PoN)
• Point to Point interactive multimedia services, including interactive real-
time voice, video and other media (videotelephony, whiteboarding, etc.)
• Collaborative interactive communication services: support of multimedia
conferencing with file sharing and application sharing, e-learning,
gaming.
• Group Messaging
• Content delivery services
• Push-based services
• Broadcast/Multicast Services
• Hosted and transit services for enterprises (IP Centrex, etc.)
• Information services, such as cinema ticket information, motorway traffic
status, advanced push services, etc.
• Presence and general notification services
• 3GPP Release 6 and 3GPP2 Release A OSA-based services

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 11
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 Other Services
• Data retrieval applications, such as tele-software.
ITU-T • Data communication services, such as data file transfer, electronic
mailbox and web browsing
• Online applications (online sales for consumers, e-commerce, online
procurement for commercials)
• Sensor Network services
• Remote control/tele-action services, such as home applications
control, telemetry, alarms etc.
• Over-the-Network Device Management

Public Service Aspects

• Lawful Intercept.
• Malicious call trace
• User identity presentation and privacy
• Emergency Communications (ETS/TDR)
• Users with disabilities
• Carrier selection
• Number portability

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 12
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 Component/subsystem viewpoints

ITU-T Based on
3GPP IMS
Applications

IP Connectivity Other Multimedia

Access Network User
And related functionality Profiles Components …
Streaming Services
(RTSP based)
PSTN / ISDN Emulation
(SIP-I based)

Other Networks
IP Multimedia
Component (Core IMS )
(SIP based)

Network Attachment Resource and Admission

GW Functionality Control Functionality
Legacy NASS RACS
Terminals

Customer
Networks Access Transport Core transport
Network Network
NGN
Terminals

3GPP IP-CAN
3GPP Terminals

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 13
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 Changing Environment (1)

Original Requirements New Requirements

ITU-T
E2E transparency Packet inspection/NATs
Peer-to-peer NATs/Firewalls/servers
Connectionless MPLS
Best Effort Real-time demands
Bandwidth demands
User back-off QoS “guarantee”
Network empowerment User Empowerment
No flow state Flow state
Trust Hackers everywhere
Static Addresses DHCP, Mobility
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 14
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 Changing Environment (2)
Original Requirements New Requirements
ITU-T
Fairness QoS (implies deliberate
unfairness)
Terminal-to-host, BE Mass public residential
services, multi-terminal multi-
QoS
Flat network Access & Core Domains
Layer Independence Inter-layer coupling?
Simple protocol layering Protocol maze
Research/Defense use Commercialization,
competition, consumer choice

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 15
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 Next Generation Internet: Papers of Interest
• Developing a Next Generation Internet Architecture, Bob Braden, David Clark, et
al.
ITU-T • Role-based Architecture, Bob Braden, Ted Faber.
• A new architecture for an Internet, David Clark, Steve Bellovin, Bob Braden,
Noel Chiappa, Ted Faber. Scott Schenker, John Wroclawski, et al.
• RFC 2775, Internet Transparency. Brian Carpenter.
• RFC 3439, Some Internet Architectural Guidelines and Philosophy, R.Bush, D
Meyer.
• IAB Concerns Regarding Congestion Control for Voice Traffic in the Internet,
Sally Floyd, James Kempf
• Making the world (of communications) a different place, Report of a working
session of the End-to-End Research Group, Version 4 3/24/05, David D. Clark,
Craig Partridge, Robert T. Braden (chair), et al.
• Rethinking the design of the Internet: The end to end arguments vs. the brave new
world, Marjory S. Blumenthal & David D. Clark.
* Just a small sample ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 16
dates
 A Golden Opportunity for
Collaboration
ITU-T
o A recognition in both organizations that some
new approaches may be required?

o What kind of changes are required and/or

foreseen?

o Could/should the expertise of the ITU-T and

the IETF be jointly applied to create the
principles and architectural framework for
next generation networks?
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 17
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 Obtain Respective Views on
Architectural Issues such as: 1
ITU-T o Role of Edge-based Servers:
• E2E violation
• Packet inspection
• Admission control

o Application selectable QoS:

• Lack of adequate classes
• Lack of standardized protocol mappings
• Explicit bandwidth selection

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 18
dates
 Obtain Respective Views on
Architectural Issues such as: 2
ITU-T o QoS in Access:
• Multiple terminals, multiple QoS
• End-user Application selection of QoS
• Role of Home Gateway (shaping, limiting)
• Home gateway control

o Distributed network control of/for QoS path:

• Horizontal means
• Vertical means
• Monitoring, dynamic allocations, accounting

o Network Control and Management

• Protect from attack
• Separation from payload paths
• Inter-domain co-ordination
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 19
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 No conclusions, only Questions

ITU-T
o Do the ITU-T and IETF have different views on
the architecture of next generation networks?

o Can a number of differences (if any) be

identified and catalogued for study?

o Can ITU-T and IETF collaborate with a view to

eliminating or (at least minimizing) any
differences wherever possible?
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 20
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ITU-T

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 21
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ITU-T

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 22
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 Y.2011: Basic Functional Architecture

Application, Middleware & Baseware services

ITU-T
Services

Resources
NGN
Service Service Service
Management Functions Control Functions

Transport Transport
Management Functions Control Functions
NGN
Transport
Transfer Functional Area

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 23
dates
 Home Gateway Functionality
Desktop PC Desktop PC

ITU-T

Network Home Customer

Terminating 10/100 Routing Premise Set Top Box
Unit Base-T Gateway Network

Television

Other
Devices,
Appliances, Set Top Box
etc

Television

…. IP
….
….
…. phone

QoS per device/terminal

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 24
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 Wireline Access Architecture

ITU-T A10-NSP

NSP 1 L2TP L2TS

A10-NSP User 1
L2
NSP 2 IP Agg DSL
BRAS Access
R Modem/RG T
Node
User 2
U
IP-QoS Access Network CPN
ASP 1
Regional Network
A10-ASP
RAN

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 25
dates
 Mobility Requirements

ITU-TDevice Mobilty Domain User/Service

Mobilty Domain

Network

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 26
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 Generic Functional Architecture
A-1 Application Server Function

Application
(may include own Authentication, Authorization and Accounting)

Network Border
A-2

ITU-T Application Gateway Function

S -9
S.Authentication & Authorization Function

Session & Call Control

Other NGN
S -10
S -4 Registration
User Profile DB Function S -17
Function
LS Function
S -13
S -1 Session Control Function PGCF
Management Function

Terminal S -18 S -11 S -19 S -12

Function Session Control Proxy Media Resource Control Function AGCF MGCF
Function
other IP MM
T-16 Transport Adaptation T-12 Network
Transport Resource / Policy Control Function SGF
(e.g. IMS)
T-18 T. Authentication T-11
&Authorization Media
Function Resource T-3
T-20 Processing
T.Network Access
T-7
Access Relay Control Function T-13
Function Internet
PGF
Function T-4

Transport
T.Network Access Traffic
T-15Transport
Process Function Measurement
T-8 Resource & Function
Mobility Support Enforcement
T-6 Function Functions T-9 PSTN/ISDN
T-1
AMGF TMGF
Packet Transport Function
Management

Scope of NGN
All lines of this type attach to the corresponding input line at the CCF
within session & call control Connection point

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 27
dates
 IMS Architectural Component
Other IP Multimedia Networks AS

ITU-T PSTN ISC Sh

Mm

MGW BGCF HSS

CSCF (AAA+DB)
PSTN Mk
Cx
Mw
BGCF Mi Dh
Mj
Mn
Mb Mg
Mb MGCF CSCF SLF
MRFP Dx
Mr
Mb Mw
MRCF
Mp P -CSCF

Gq Gm
Mb

IP Con nectiv ity Access Network UE

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 28
dates
 Fixed to Mobile convergence (1)

ITU-T

Radio Access Base

Network Station
Controller

Dual Mode Core

…. Handset Mobile
….
….
….
Network

UMA
IP Access
Network
Network
Controller

WiFi

How to integrate with fixed VoIP service?

Cross Architectural impacts?

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 29
dates
 Fixed to Mobile convergence (2)

ITU-T
Radio Access Base
Network Station
Controller

UMA-enabled GSM/IMS Core

…. Dual Mode
….
….
Service
…. Handset Architecture

GANC
Tunnelled (UMA)
WiFi IMS stack Network
Controller
IP Access
RG Network
IP
Native IP VoIP Core
….
…. SIP Transport
….
…. Stack
Server

SIP
Fixed/wireless Telephone

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 30
dates
 Traffic shaping at user site
RL EF

AF1
ITU-T AF2
ASP
Access
RL
AF3
AF4

BE
Classifier
RL EF
Data In
AF1
AF2
RL RL
Data Out S AF3 PTA

AF4

BE

RL PPP Access (BE or AF)

PTA = PPP Termination Aggregation

RL = Rate Limiter
S = Scheduler
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 31
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 Summary of Work in SG13
• Y.2001: NGN Overview
• NGN Definition, Characteristics & Subject Areas
ITU-T
• Y.2011: General Reference Model
• Identify high-level paradigms
• Separation of concerns, services from networks
• Identify emerging NGN-generic issues
• Architectural principles
• OSI model relevance
• G.805 relevance
• Y.FRA: Functional Requirements & Architecture
• Service control functions
• Transport control functions
• Mobility management functions
• Wireless and Fixed access
• IMS positioning
• Multi-terminal/multi-QoS Home Gateway
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005 32
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