)1D;*0:*E;7*7/E125/9:7*/*.

;<2:7*0:*19;*:21;2589*
0:*7:F190/*F.;0/G*
!
"/
O1 + O 2 = !
.
!
Ecuación de segundo grado
"./0123/*0:*E;7*7/E125/9:7*/*.;<2:7*0:*19;*
:21;2589*0:*7:F190/*F.;0/G*
!
,
O1 ! O 2 = !
.
!
>>>*&?:.2525/*")@*>>>!
2
" 2 !#'-! ;&!O!K!N!#'!@*.!'($@,&A*!Q8.)E3!+#!$.!#,@.,&A*!O:!R!SO!R!2!K!
=<!U,@V$!#'!#$!9.$(8!+#!2W!
5
23!>:I!!!!!!43!>X!!!!!!53!>:!!!!!!"3!:!!!!!!63! !
3
2$! '#8! O! K! N! @*.! '($@,&A*<! #'7#! 9.$(8! C@#+#! '#8!
!+#!$.! 8##%C$.E.+(!#*!$.!#,@.,&A*!(/7#*&F*+('#!N:!R!SYN!R!,!K!=!
&ED@&#8+(! +#!+(*+#!,!K!>Z!J!0S!K!>:I1!2$7#8*.7&9.!21!
!
H@B-%AB*-@('#IJ%-(*
!
TQO3!K!.O:!R!/O!R!,!
;@!M8VT&,.!,(88#'C(*+#!.!@*.!?2[\4]B21!
*
-/92;650;0*
('!$.'! 6$!,(#T&,&#*7#! ;!&*+&,.!'&!$.'!8.%.'!+#!$.!C.8V/($.!'#!./8#*!
^.,&.!.88&/.!Q._=3!(!^.,&.!./.G(!Q.`=3!
!
KL.352:*
?.8.! +#7#8%&*.8! #$! 9F87&,#! #'! ,(*9#*&#*7#! +#7#8%&*.8!
"/
C8&%#8(! O = <! C('7#8&(8%#*7#! '#! 8##%C$.E.! #$! 9.$(8!
.!#'!:!J! 2.
(/7#*&+(!#*!$.!T@*,&A*!C.8.!,.$,@$.8!#$!9.$(8!H1!
!
&?:*0:*75D:3.<;*0:*E;*M;.NO/E;*
!
"/
5(88#'C(*+#!.!$.!8#,7.! O = <!C.8.$#$.!.$!#G#!H1!
2.
;&!._=!H!/_=!#$!#G#!+#!'&%#78).!#'7V!.!$.!&ED@&#8+.!+#$!#G#!
O1!
;&!._=!H!/`=!#$!#G#!+#!'&%#78).!#'7V!.!$.!+#8#,^.!+#$!#G#!O1!
;&!.`=!H!/_=!#$!#G#!+#!'&%#78).!#'7V!.!$.!+#8#,^.!+#$!#G#!O1!
;&!.`=!H!/`=!#$!#G#!+#!'&%#78).!#'7V!.!$.!&ED@&#8+.!+#$!#G#!
O1!
!
%93:.7:22589*2/9*E/7*:?:7*
-! !
B.! &*7#8'#,,&A*! ,(*! #$! #G#! H! $.! +.! #$! ,(#T&,&#*7#! 2! H!
,(88#'C(*+#!.$!C@*7(!Q=<!,31!
!
B.! &*7#8'#,,&A*! ,(*! #$! #G#! O! #'7V! +#7#8%&*.+.! C(8! #$! 9.$(8!
+#$!+&',8&%&*.*7#!/:>I.,1!
!
K ;&!/:>I.,_=<!$.!C.8V/($.!&*7#8'#,7.!#*!+('!C@*7('!.$!#G#!O1!
;&!/:>I.,K=<!$.!C.8V/($.!&*7#8'#,7.!#*!@*!C@*7(!.$!#G#!O1!
;&!/:>I.,`=<!$.!C.8V/($.!9/!&*7#8'#,7.!.$!#G#!O1!
! !
!
!

ww.sectormatematica.cl !
 Danny Perich C.

"""#$%&'()()*+#,-.#"""! ;7:30$-#9.4<134$-
1 9.4875$4/7:$-#
"#! $%&'()*+*! ,-! .-+/0%,-! 4 = 32 ! 11 2 ! 5$6/,3*'1! )*! ,-'! !
2
'(76(*&8*'!-9(+:-;(%&*'!*'3'%&1!<*+)-)*+-3'1=! !
! # >?# @>?#
>1 ?-!.-+/0%,-!'*!-0+*!@-;(-!-++(0-#! 1
+&D# D! !
>>1 A6!<B+8(;*!'*!*&;6*&8+-!*&!3"C!D1#! 2
>>>1 A6!*E*!)*!'(:*8+F-!*'!2!G!"#!
! 3
(*+# "! !
H1!AI,%!>!!!J1!AI,%!>!4!>>!!!$1!AI,%!>!4!>>>! 2
K1!AI,%!>>!4!>>>!!!!!L1!>C!>>!4!>>>! 3
! EF# D! !
3
M*'%,<-:%'N!
!
1 1 1 1
4 = 32 ! 11 2 = 32 2 ! 22 + 11 = 2 2 ! 2 + ! """#$%&'()()*+#,-.#""
2 2 2 2 "#! L&! ,-! 9(76+-C! *,! 8+(/&7
1 3
>#!A*!;6:.,*!4-!O6*!*,!;%*9(;(*&8*! - = !*'!:-4%+!O6*!D#! ;:#!4!!87!#G! C!*&8%&;*
2 2
>>#!A*!;6:.,*#!J-'8-!;%&!+**:.,-P-+!2!.%+!"!*&!,-!*;6-;(I&! 15
%+(7(&-,!4!*,!+*'6,8-)%!*'!D#! H1!U!;:!!!!!J1! !;:#!
13
!0 ! !1
>>>#! A*! ;6:.,*#! L,! *E*! )*! '(:*8+F-! *'! = = 1 #! ?-! 10 15
2- 1 $1! !;:!!!!!!K1! !;:
2" 2
2 13
-,8*+&-8(<-!*'!L#! 3 3.
$%:%!87#!G! !G! C!'
! 2 2.
Q#! A*7R&! ,-! *;6-;(I&! 4 = 2 2 ! 22 + - ! *'! ;%++*;8%! -9(+:-+!
[(8/7%+-'!O6*! 9.2 + 4.2 =
O6*N!!
!
15
>#!A(!-!S!"C!*2('8*&!Q!(&8*+'*;;(%&*'!;%&!*,!*E*!!! J$ = !?-#-,8*+&-8(<-
>>#!A(!-!G!"C!*2('8*!"!(&8*+'*;;(I&!;%&!*,!*E*!!! 13
>>>#!A(!-!T!"C!&%!@-4!(&8*+'*;;(I&!;%&!*,!*E*!!! !
! Q#!?%'!;-8*8%'!)*!6&!8+(/
H1!AI,%!>!!!!J1!AI,%!>>!!!!$1!AI,%!>>>!! ;:#C!*&8%&;*'!*,!;%'*&%
K1!AI,%!>!4!>>>!!!!L1!AI,%!>>!4!>>>!! !
! 5 12
H1! !!!!!!J1! !!!!!$1!
?-!-,8*+&-8(<-!;%++*;8-!*'!J#! 13 13 1
! !
U#!K-)-!,-!'(76(*&8*!9(76+-N!! $%:%!8*&*:%'!,%'!;-8*8
5$6/,!*'!,-!*;6-;(I&!O6*!:*E%+! -!8+-<B'!)*,!8*%+*:-!)*!
+*.+*'*&8-!-,!7+/9(;%!)*!,-!9(76+-=!
! 5 2 + 12 2 = 2 2 C!)*!)%&)*
H1!4G2Q!!!!!!J1!4G2U!!!!
L,!;%'*&%!)*,!/&76,%!:*
$1!4GV2V!!!!K1!4GV2!!!!
L1!4GV2Q!! H,8*+&-8(<-!J#!
?-!-,8*+&-8(<-!;%++*;8-!*'!L#! U#!\&!+-8I&!%0'*+<-!-!6
! 6&! /&76,%! )*! *,*<-;(I&!
/0123435$/067# /+0%,! *'! "Q:#C! )*8*+:(&
! +-8I&#!
L&!6&!8+(/&76,%!+*;8/&76,%!'*! !
;6:.,*!O6*N!3#!/&76,%!-76)%1! 12 12
! H1! !!!!!!J1!
8-& 70] ;%' 70
;-8*8% %.6*'8%
'*&# = ! '*&70] 8-& 70]
@(.%8*&6'- K1! !!!!!!L1!
Teorema de Cardano-Viète
Para toda ecuación cuadrática de la forma:

de raíces se cumplen los siguientes dos aspectos:

Suma de raíces

!
Producto de raíces