BIOLOGY

explain about plant cell and animal

cell, also the differences between
animal and plant cell
 Member of Group
• Anton Kurniawan 03
• Ario Bagasworo 04
• Baiq Drestanta L.M 06
• Havid Ghilman S. 15
 Plant Cell
• Plant cell has cell wall, vacuole, and plastids
(animal cell doesn’t)

» Cell wall, vacuole, and plastids will be explained to the

next slide
A. Cell Wall
Is the outer part of plant cell that the function is
protecting the cell. The characteristics of cell wall are
thin, and permeable.

there are three kinds of cell wall:

1. primary cell wall
2. secondary cell wall
3. tertiary cell wall
• Substances of the cell wall :

Cell Wall

cellulose
lignin Suberin
Kinds of cell wall :
1. Primary Cell Wall
exist at young cell, embryonic (actively dividing), or
parenchyma cell. When primary cell wall is made, secondary
cell wall also does but into the inside part.
2. Secondary Cell Wall
has thicker wall than primary has. It’s located nearby
membrane plasma or tertiary cell wall. Has microfybril
cellulose, and lignin that located among microfybril celluloses.
3. Tertiary Cell Wall
located inside of the secondary cell wall. We can find pectin
substances which located at middle lamella. Among a cell and
others there’s plasmodesmata that transport all of substances.
B. Vacuole
is a cavity that located inside of the cell. Restricted
by a layer of membrane and full of cell liquid. In
plants, vacuole has permanent characteristic .
generally, in adult plant cell, there’s central
vacuole, that has a big size, surrounded by
membrane. That membrane is called TONOPLAS.
central vacuole is full of liquid that has a lot of
mineral salt, organic acid, sugar, oxygen, pigment,
and substances metabolism.
• The functions of vacuole :
1. entering water through tonoplas, so that
compression of the turgor cell can be stable.
2. saving the foodsource, such as sucrose,
protein, mineral salt, and other organic
substances.
3. saving metabolism substances, such as
alkaloid, calcium oxalate crystal, tannin, and
gland secretion.
C. Plastids
is organelle that located inside of the
cytoplasm plant cell and many kinds of
microscopic algae, like Euglena.
Plastids is grains of pigment that located in
plants.

Plastids

Chromoplast (colored Leochoplast(colorless

plastids) plastids)
1. Chloroplast : containing DNA and RNA.
The pigment compiler is chlorophyll .
We can find it in plant and algae cell chloroplast phaeloplast
2. Phaeloplast : containing ficosantyn
pigment (brown), has a function to Colored
absorb the light. We can find it at Plastids
brown algae, Diatomae, Dinoflagellata
3. Rhodoplast : containing ficoeritrin rhodoplast
pigment (red), has a function to absorb
the light. We can find it at red algae
 • Saving protein . proteinoplast
• Located at seed and tilakoid
• Saving lipid and oil. elailoplast
• Located at monocotyle and dicotyle seed
amiloplast
• Synthesizing food reserve form of amylum
Leuchoplast
• The variety of the chloroplast : 20-40
• The shapes of chloroplast :
- spiral
- star shape
- biconvex
- fylamen
- oval
• substances of the chloroplast :
carbohydrate, lipid, protein, chlorophyll, carotenoid, DNA,
RNA.
• Containing : Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn,Mg
• Chloroplast has 2 units membrane as mitocondria. Each unit,
has trilaminair characteristic, one of them is intermembrane.
• Chloroplast contains GRANA and STROMA.
I. GRANA
(plural : granum) is the strusture of
chloroplast where light reaction at
photosynthesis process happens. Each
chloroplast, has 40-60 grana. Among a grana
with other granum is connected by lamela
intergrana.
In each grana, there’s tilakoid that has
connection with matrix. Tilakoid contains
chlorophyll that located between lipid layer
and protein layer.
II. STROMA
a substance that has transparant characteristic
and contains C6H12O6, enzyme, and organic
substance. If there’re a lot of carbohydrate,
they will be saved by stroma.
• The functions of chloroplast :
1. Helping photosynthesis process, at dark
(make C6H12O6)and light reaction
(phosphorilize and photolysis)
2. Synthesizing protein (make chloroplast)