MATHEMATICS 100, Section 105Midterm #2 Solutions1.
a) Differentiate the equation: if
xe
y
=
y
+
e
x
then
e
y
+
xe
y
y
=
y
+
e
x
. Plug in
x
= 0,
y
=
−
1:
e
−
1
+ 0 =
y
+ 1,
y
=
e
−
1
−
1.b) If
f
(
x
) = (cos
x
)
ln
x
then ln
f
= ln
x
ln(cos
x
). Differentiate the last equation:
f
(
x
)
f
(
x
)=1
x
ln(cos
x
) + ln
x
·
1cos
x
(
−
sin
x
) =ln(cos
x
)
x
+ ln
x
tan
x,f
(
x
) =
f
(
x
)
ln(cos
x
)
x
+ ln
x
tan
x
= (cos
x
)
ln
x
ln(cos
x
)
x
+ ln
x
tan
x
.
c) Let
f
(
x
) =
xx
2
+ 1, then
f
(
x
) =1(
x
2
+ 1)
−
x
(2
x
)(
x
2
+ 1)
2
=
x
2
+ 1
−
2
x
2
(
x
2
+ 1)
2
=1
−
x
2
(
x
2
+ 1)
2
.
Thus
f
(0) = 0 when 1
−
x
2
= 0,
x
=
±
1. Since
x
=
−
1 is not in [0
,
4], the only criticalpoint in [0
,
4] is
x
= 1. We evaluate
f
(0) = 0
, f
(1) =11 + 1=12
, f
(4) =416 + 1=417
.
The maximum value is 1
/
2 (at
x
= 1), and the minimum value is 0 (at
x
= 0).
2.
a) We have cos
x
≈
1
−
x
2
2(you can either remember it or derive it here). Hencecos(
−
0
.
2)
≈
1
−
(
−
0
.
2)
2
2= 1
−
0
.
02 = 0
.
98.b) The error is bounded by
M
3!(0
.
2)
3
, where
M
is a constant such that
|
(cos
x
)
|≤
M
for
x
between
−
0
.
2 and 0. We have (cos
x
)
= (
−
sin
x
)
= (
−
cos
x
)
= sin
x
and
|
sin
x
|≤
1for all
x
, hence we can take
M
= 1. Thus the error can be estimated by13!(0
.
2)
3
=1150.c) If
f
(
x
) = 3
x
then
f
(
x
) = 3
x
ln3,
f
(
x
) = 3
x
(ln3)
2
,
f
(
x
) = 3
x
(ln3)
3
. Hence the thirdorder Maclaurin polynomial is
f
(
x
)
≈
1 + (ln3)
x
+(ln3)
2
2!
x
2
+(ln3)
3
3!
x
3
.
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