Solaris 10 System Administration Guide - Devices and File Systems

Sections

CHAPTER 1
Managing Removable Media (Overview)
What’s New in Removable Media in the Solaris 10 1/06 Release?
What’s New in Removable Media in the Solaris 10 Release?
DVD+RW and DVD-RW Support
New cdrw Options
Listing Removable Media Devices
Playing Musical CDs
Where to Find Managing Removable Media Tasks
Removable Media Features and Beneﬁts
Comparison of Manual and Automatic Mounting
What You Can Do With Volume Management
CHAPTER 2
Managing Removable Media (Tasks)
Managing Removable Media (Task Map)
Formatting Diskettes
Removable Media Hardware Considerations
M How to Load Removable Media
M How to Format a Diskette (rmformat)
M How to Create a File System on Removable Media
M How to Check a File System on Removable Media
M How to Repair Bad Blocks on Removable Media
1. Repair bad blocks on removable media
Applying Read or Write Protection and Password Protection to Removable Media
M How to Enable or Disable Write Protection on Removable Media
CHAPTER 3
Accessing Removable Media (Tasks)
Accessing Removable Media (Task Map)
Accessing Removable Media
Using Removable Media Names
Guidelines for Accessing Removable Media Data
M How to Add a New Removable Media Drive
M How to Stop and Start Volume Management (vold)
M How to Access Information on Removable Media
M How to Copy Information From Removable Media
M How to Determine If Removable Media Is Still in Use
M How to Eject Removable Media
Accessing Removable Media on a Remote System (Task Map)
M How to Make Local Media Available to Other Systems
M How to Access Removable Media on Remote Systems
CHAPTER 4
Writing CDs and DVDs (Tasks)
Working With Audio CDs and Data CDs and DVDs
CD/DVD Media Commonly Used Terms
Writing CD and DVD Data and Audio CDs
Restricting User Access to Removable Media With RBAC
M How to Restrict User Access to Removable Media With RBAC
M How to Identify a CD or DVD Writer
M How to Check the CD or DVD Media
Creating a Data CD or DVD
M How to Create an ISO 9660 File System for a Data CD or DVD
M How to Create a Multi-Session Data CD
Creating an Audio CD
M How to Create an Audio CD
M How to Extract an Audio Track on a CD
M How to Copy a CD
M How to Erase CD-RW Media
CHAPTER 5
Managing Devices (Tasks)
What’s New in Device Management?
USB Device Enhancements
1394 (FireWire) and Mass Storage Support on x86 Systems
Device File System (devfs)
Power Management of Fibre Channel Devices
Where to Find Device Management Tasks
About Device Drivers
Automatic Conﬁguration of Devices
Features and Beneﬁts of Autoconﬁguration
What You Need for Unsupported Devices
Displaying Device Conﬁguration Information
driver not attached Message
M How to Display System Conﬁguration Information
Adding a Peripheral Device to a System
M How to Add a Peripheral Device
M How to Add a Device Driver
CHAPTER 6
Dynamically Conﬁguring Devices (Tasks)
Dynamic Reconﬁguration and Hot-Plugging
Attachment Points
x86: Detaching PCI Adapter Cards
SCSI Hot-Plugging With the cfgadm Command (Task Map)
SCSI Hot-Plugging With the cfgadm Command
M How to Display Information About SCSI Devices
M How to Unconﬁgure a SCSI Controller
M How to Conﬁgure a SCSI Controller
M How to Conﬁgure a SCSI Device
M How to Disconnect a SCSI Controller
M SPARC: How to Connect a SCSI Controller
M SPARC: How to Add a SCSI Device to a SCSI Bus
M SPARC: How to Replace an Identical Device on a SCSI Controller
M SPARC: How to Remove a SCSI Device
Troubleshooting SCSI Conﬁguration Problems
M How to Resolve a Failed SCSI Unconﬁgure Operation
PCI Hot-Plugging With the cfgadm Command (Task Map)
PCI Hot-Plugging With the cfgadm Command
M How to Display PCI Slot Conﬁguration Information
Display PCI slot conﬁguration information
M How to Remove a PCI Adapter Card
M How to Add a PCI Adapter Card
Troubleshooting PCI Conﬁguration Problems
Reconﬁguration Coordination Manager (RCM) Script Overview
What Is an RCM Script?
What Can an RCM Script Do?
How Does the RCM Script Process Work?
Application Developer RCM Script (Task Map)
System Administrator RCM Script (Task Map)
Naming an RCM Script
Installing or Removing an RCM Script
M How to Install an RCM Script
M How to Remove an RCM Script
M How to Test an RCM Script
Tape Backup RCM Script Example
CHAPTER 7
Using USB Devices (Overview)
What’s New in USB Devices in the Solaris 10 1/06 Release?
x86: Support for USB CDs and DVDs in GRUB-Based Booting
USB Virtual Keyboard and Mouse Support
vold Provides Awareness of Hot-Plugged USB Devices
What’s New in USB Devices in the Solaris 10 Release?
Solaris Support for USB Devices
Overview of USB Devices
Commonly Used USB Acronyms
USB Bus Description
About USB in the Solaris OS
USB Keyboards and Mouse Devices
USB Host Controller and Hubs
SPARC: USB Power Management
USB Printer Enhancements
Guidelines for USB Cables
CHAPTER 8
Using USB Devices (Tasks)
Managing USB Devices in the Solaris OS (Roadmap)
Using USB Mass Storage Devices (Task Map)
Using USB Mass Storage Devices
Using USB Diskette Devices
Using Non-Compliant USB Mass Storage Devices
M How to Use a Non-Complaint USB Mass Storage Device
Hot-Plugging USB Mass Storage Devices
M How to Add a USB Mass Storage Device Without vold Running
M How to Add a USB Camera
Preparing to Use a USB Mass Storage Device With vold Running
M How to Prepare to Use USB Mass Storage Devices Without vold Running
M How to Display USB Device Information
M How to Create a File System on a USB Mass Storage Without vold Running
M How to Mount or Unmount a USB Mass Storage Device Without vold Running
Troubleshooting Tips for USB Mass Storage Devices
Disabling Speciﬁc USB Drivers
M How to Disable Speciﬁc USB Drivers
M How to Remove Unused USB Device Links
Using USB Audio Devices (Task Map)
Using USB Audio Devices
Hot-Plugging Multiple USB Audio Devices
M How to Add USB Audio Devices
M How to Identify Your System’s Primary Audio Device
M How to Change the Primary USB Audio Device
Troubleshooting USB Audio Device Problems
Hot-Plugging USB Devices With the cfgadm Command (Task Map)
Hot-Plugging USB Devices With the cfgadm Command
M How to Display USB Bus Information (cfgadm)
M How to Unconﬁgure a USB Device
M How to Conﬁgure a USB Device
M How to Logically Disconnect a USB Device
M How to Logically Connect a USB Device
M How to Logically Disconnect a USB Device Subtree
M How to Reset a USB Device
Using InﬁniBand Devices (Overview/Tasks)
Overview of InﬁniBand Devices
Dynamically Reconﬁguring IB Devices (Task Map)
Dynamically Reconﬁguring IB Devices (cfgadm)
M How to Display IB Device Information
M How to Unconﬁgure an IOC Device
M How to Conﬁgure an IOC Device
M How to Unconﬁgure an IB Port, HCA_SVC, or a VPPADevice
M How to Conﬁgure a IB Port, HCA_SVC, or a VPPA Device
M How to Unconﬁgure an IB Pseudo Device
M How to Conﬁgure an IB Pseudo Device
M How to Display Kernel IB Clients of an HCA
M How to Unconﬁgure IB Devices Connected to an HCA
Conﬁguring an IB HCA
M How to Update the IB p_key Tables
M How to Display IB Communication Services
2. Display IB communication services
M How to Add a VPPACommunication Service
M How to Remove an Existing IB Port, HCA_SVC, or a VPPACommunication Service
M How to Update an IOC Conﬁguration
Using the uDAPLApplication Interface With InﬁniBand Devices
M How to Enable uDAPL
Updating the DAT Static Registry
M How to Update the DAT Static Registry
M How to Register a Service Provider in the DAT Static Registry
M How to Unregister a Service Provider from the DAT Static Registry
CHAPTER 10
How Device Information Is Created
How Devices Are Managed
Device Naming Conventions
Logical Disk Device Names
Specifying the Disk Subdirectory
Direct and Bus-Oriented Controllers
x86: Disks With Direct Controllers
Disks With Bus-Oriented Controllers
Logical Tape Device Names
Logical Removable Media Device Names
CHAPTER 11
What’s New in Disk Management in the Solaris 10 1/06 Release?
x86: Disk Management in the GRUB Boot Environment
Solaris iSCSI Support
Support for SCSI Disks That are Larger Than 2 Tbytes
What’s New in Disk Management in the Solaris 10 Release?
Multiterabyte Disk Support With EFI Disk Label
Restrictions of the EFI Disk Label
Common SCSI Drivers for SPARC and x86 Systems
New fdisk Partition Identiﬁer
Where to Find Disk Management Tasks
Overview of Disk Management
About Disk Slices
About Disk Labels
Partition Table Terminology
Displaying Partition Table Information
Partitioning a Disk
Using the Free Hog Slice
CHAPTER 12
Administering Disks (Task Map)
Identifying Disks on a System
M How to Identify the Disks on a System
Formatting a Disk
M How to Determine if a Disk Is Formatted
M How to Format a Disk
Displaying Disk Slices
M How to Display Disk Slice Information
Creating and Examining a Disk Label
M How to Label a Disk
M How to Examine a Disk Label
Example 12–6
Recovering a Corrupted Disk Label
M How to Recover a Corrupted Disk Label
Adding a Third-Party Disk
Creating a format.dat Entry
M How to Create a format.dat Entry
Automatically Conﬁguring SCSI Disk Drives
M How to Automatically Conﬁgure a SCSI Drive
Repairing a Defective Sector
M How to Identify a Defective Sector by Using Surface Analysis
M How to Repair a Defective Sector
Tips and Tricks for Managing Disks
Debugging format Sessions
Labeling Multiple Disks by Using the prtvtoc and fmthard Commands
CHAPTER 13
SPARC: Adding a Disk (Tasks)
SPARC: Adding a System Disk or a Secondary Disk (Task Map)
SPARC: Adding a System Disk or a Secondary Disk
M SPARC: How to Connect a System Disk and Boot
M SPARC: How to Connect a Secondary Disk and Boot
M SPARC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk
Example 13–1
M SPARC: How to Create a UFS File System
M SPARC: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk
CHAPTER 14
x86: Adding a Disk (Tasks)
x86: Adding a System Disk or a Secondary Disk (Task Map)
x86: Adding a System Disk or a Secondary Disk
M x86: How to Connect a System Disk and Boot
M How to Change the Solaris fdisk Identiﬁer
M x86: How to Connect a Secondary Disk and Boot
x86: Guidelines for Creating an fdisk Partition
M x86: How to Create a Solaris fdisk Partition
Example 14–1
Example 14–2
Example 14–3
M x86: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk
M x86: How to Create File Systems
M x86: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk
CHAPTER 15
Conﬁguring Solaris iSCSI Initiators (Tasks)
The iSCSI Technology (Overview)
Setting Up Solaris iSCSI Initiators (Task Map)
Conﬁguring Solaris iSCSI Initiators
M How to Prepare for a Solaris iSCSI Conﬁguration
Conﬁguring Authentication in Your iSCSI-Based Storage Network
M How to Conﬁgure CHAPAuthentication for Your iSCSI Conﬁguration
M How to Conﬁgure RADIUS for Your iSCSI Conﬁguration
M How to Conﬁgure iSCSI Target Discovery
M How to Remove Discovered iSCSI Targets
Accessing iSCSI Disks
M Monitoring Your iSCSI Conﬁguration
Example 15–1
Modifying iSCSI Initiator and Target Parameters
M How to Modify iSCSI Initiator and Target Parameters
Troubleshooting iSCSI Conﬁguration Problems
No Connections to the iSCSI Target From the Local System
M How to Troubleshoot iSCSI Connection Problems
iSCSI Device or Disk Is Not Available on the Local System
M How to Troubleshoot iSCSI Device or Disk Unavailability
General iSCSI Error Messages
CHAPTER 16
The format Utility (Reference)
Recommendations and Requirements for Using the format Utility
format Menu and Command Descriptions
Contents of the format.dat File
Syntax of the format.dat File
Keywords in the format.dat File
Partition Tables (format.dat)
Specifying an Alternate Data File for the format Utility
Rules for Input to format Commands
Specifying Numbers to format Commands
Specifying Block Numbers to format Commands
Specifying format Command Names
Specifying Disk Names to format Commands
Getting Help on the format Utility
CHAPTER 17
Managing File Systems (Overview)
What’s New in File Systems in the Solaris 10 Release?
UFS Logging Is Enabled by Default
64-bit: Support of Multiterabyte UFS File Systems
Where to Find File System Management Tasks
Overview of File Systems
Types of File Systems
Commands for File System Administration
How File System Commands Determine the File System Type
Manual Pages for Generic and Speciﬁc File System Commands
Default Solaris File Systems
Planning UFS File Systems
UFS Direct Input/Output (I/O)
Mounting and Unmounting File Systems
The Mounted File System Table
The Virtual File System Table
The NFS Environment
Determining a File System’s Type
How to Determine a File System’s Type
CHAPTER 18
Creating UFS, TMPFS, and LOFS File Systems (Tasks)
Creating a UFS File System
M How to Create a UFS File System
M How to Create a Multiterabyte UFS File System
M How to Expand a Multiterabyte UFS File System
M How to Expand a UFS File System to a Multiterabyte UFS File System
Troubleshooting Multiterabyte UFS File System Problems
Creating a Temporary File System (TMPFS)
M How to Create and Mount a TMPFS File System
Creating and Mounting a Loopback File System (LOFS)
Example 18–2
Example 18–3
M How to Create and Mount an LOFS File System
CHAPTER 19
Overview of Mounting File Systems
Commands for Mounting and Unmounting File Systems
TABLE 19–1 Commands for Mounting and Unmounting File Systems
Commonly Used Mount Options
Field Descriptions for the /etc/vfstab File
TABLE 19–3 Field Descriptions for the /etc/vfstab File
Mounting File Systems
How to Determine Which File Systems Are Mounted
M How to Add an Entry to the /etc/vfstab File
M How to Mount a File System (/etc/vfstab File)
M How to Mount a UFS File System (mount Command)
M How to Mount a UFS File System Without Large Files (mount Command)
M How to Mount an NFS File System (mount Command)
M x86: How to Mount a PCFS (DOS) File System From a Hard Disk (mount Command)
Unmounting File Systems
Prerequisites for Unmounting File Systems
How to Verify a File System is Unmounted
M How to Stop All Processes Accessing a File System
M How to Unmount a File System
CHAPTER 20
Using The CacheFS File System (Tasks)
High-Level View of Using the CacheFS File System (Task Map)
Overview of the CacheFS File System
How a CacheFS File System Works
CacheFS File System Structure and Behavior
Creating and Mounting a CacheFS File System (Task Map)
M How to Create the Cache
Mounting a File System in the Cache
M How to Mount a CacheFS File System (mount)
M How to Mount a CacheFS File System (/etc/vfstab)
M How to Mount a CacheFS File System (AutoFS)
Maintaining a CacheFS File System (Task Map)
Maintaining a CacheFS File System
Modifying a CacheFS File System
M How to Display Information About a CacheFS File System
Consistency Checking of a CacheFS File System
M How to Specify Cache Consistency Checking on Demand
M How to Delete a CacheFS File System
M How to Check the Integrity of a CacheFS File System
Packing a Cached File System (Task Map)
Packing a CacheFS File System
M How to Pack Files in the Cache
M How to Display Packed Files Information
M How to Create a Packing List
M How to Pack Files in the Cache With a Packing List
Unpacking Files or Packing Lists From the Cache
M How to Unpack Files or Packing Lists From the Cache
Troubleshooting cachefspack Errors
Collecting CacheFS Statistics (Task Map)
Collecting CacheFS Statistics
M How to Set Up CacheFS Logging
M How to Locate the CacheFS Log File
How to Stop CacheFS Logging
M How to View the Working Set (Cache) Size
Viewing CacheFS Statistics
M How to View CacheFS Statistics
CHAPTER 21
Conﬁguring Additional Swap Space (Tasks)
Swap Space and Virtual Memory
Swap Space and the TMPFS File System
Swap Space as a Dump Device
Swap Space and Dynamic Reconﬁguration
How Do I Know If I Need More Swap Space?
Swap-Related Error Messages
TMPFS-Related Error Messages
How Swap Space Is Allocated
Swap Areas and the /etc/vfstab File
Planning for Swap Space
Monitoring Swap Resources
Adding More Swap Space
Creating a Swap File
M How to Create a Swap File and Make It Available
Removing a Swap File From Use
M How to Remove Unneeded Swap Space
CHAPTER 22
Checking UFS File System Consistency (Tasks)
File System Consistency
How the File System State Is Recorded
What the fsck Command Checks and Tries to Repair
Why UFS File System Inconsistencies Might Occur
UFS Components That Are Checked for Consistency
fsck Summary Message
Interactively Checking and Repairing a UFS File System
M How to Check the root (/) or /usr File Systems From an Alternate Boot Device
M How to Check Non-root (/) or Non-/usr File Systems
Preening UFS File Systems
M How to Preen a UFS File System
Fixing a UFS File System That the fsck Command Cannot Repair
Restoring a Bad Superblock
M How to Restore a Bad Superblock
Syntax and Options for the fsck Command
CHAPTER 23
UFS File System (Reference)
Structure of Cylinder Groups for UFS File Systems
Customizing UFS File System Parameters
Logical Block Size
Minimum Free Space
Optimization Type
Number of Inodes (Files)
Maximum UFS File and File System Size
Maximum Number of UFS Subdirectories
CHAPTER 24
Backing Up and Restoring File Systems (Overview)
Where to Find Backup and Restore Tasks
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Introduction to Backing Up and Restoring File Systems
Why You Should Back Up File Systems
Planning Which File Systems to Back Up
Choosing the Type of Backup
Choosing a Tape Device
High-Level View of Backing Up and Restoring File Systems (Task Map)
Considerations for Scheduling Backups
Guidelines for Scheduling Backups
Using Dump Levels to Create Incremental Backups
Sample Backup Schedules
CHAPTER 25
Backing Up Files and File Systems (Tasks)
Backing Up Files and File System (Task Map)
Preparing for File System Backups
M How to Find File System Names
M How to Determine the Number of Tapes Needed for a Full Backup
Backing Up a File System
M How to Back Up a File System to Tape
Example 25–3
Example 25–4
Example 25–5
Example 25–6
CHAPTER 26
Using UFS Snapshots (Tasks)
Using UFS Snapshots (Task Map)
UFS Snapshots Overview
Why Use UFS Snapshots?
UFS Snapshots Performance Issues
Creating and Deleting UFS Snapshots
Creating a Multiterabyte UFS Snapshot
M How to Create a UFS Snapshot
M How to Display UFS Snapshot Information
Example 26–1
Example 26–2
Deleting a UFS Snapshot
M How to Delete a UFS Snapshot
Backing Up a UFS Snapshot
M How to Create a Full Backup of a UFS Snapshot (ufsdump)
M How to Create an Incremental Backup of a UFS Snapshot (ufsdump)
M How to Back Up a UFS Snapshot (tar)
Restoring Data From a UFS Snapshot Backup
CHAPTER 27
Restoring Files and File System Backups (Task Map)
Preparing to Restore Files and File Systems
Determining the File System Name
Determining the Type of Tape Device You Need
Determining the Tape Device Name
Restoring Files and File Systems
M How to Determine Which Tapes to Use
M How to Restore Files Interactively
M How to Restore Speciﬁc Files Noninteractively
M How to Restore a Complete File System
M How to Restore the root (/) and /usr File Systems
Example 27–6
Example 27–7
CHAPTER 28
How the ufsdump Command Works
Determining Device Characteristics
Detecting the End of Media
Copying Data With the ufsdump Command
Purpose of the /etc/dumpdates File
Backup Device (dump-ﬁle) Argument
Specifying Files to Back Up
Specifying Tape Characteristics
Limitations of the ufsdump Command
Specifying ufsdump Command Options and Arguments
Default ufsdump Options
The ufsdump Command and Security Issues
Specifying ufsrestore Options and Arguments
CHAPTER 29
Commands for Copying File Systems
Copying File Systems Between Disks
Making a Literal File System Copy
M How to Copy a Disk (dd)
Example 29–1
Example 29–2
Copying Directories Between File Systems (cpio Command)
M How to Copy Directories Between File Systems (cpio)
Copying Files and File Systems to Tape
Copying Files to Tape (tar Command)
M How to Copy Files to a Tape (tar)
M How to List the Files on a Tape (tar)
M How to Retrieve Files From a Tape (tar)
Copying Files to a Tape With the pax Command
M How to Copy Files to a Tape (pax)
Copying Files to Tape With the cpio Command
M How to Copy All Files in a Directory to a Tape (cpio)
M How to List the Files on a Tape (cpio)
M How to Retrieve All Files From a Tape (cpio)
M How to Retrieve Speciﬁc Files From a Tape (cpio)
Copying Files to a Remote Tape Device
M How to Copy Files to a Remote Tape Device (tar and dd)
M How to Extract Files From a Remote Tape Device
Copying Files and File Systems to Diskette
What You Should Know When Copying Files to Diskettes
M How to Copy Files to a Single Formatted Diskette (tar)
M How to List the Files on a Diskette (tar)
M How to Retrieve Files From a Diskette (tar)
Archiving Files to Multiple Diskettes
CHAPTER 30
Managing Tape Drives (Tasks)
Choosing Which Media to Use
Backup Device Names
Specifying the Rewind Option for a Tape Drive
Specifying Different Densities for a Tape Drive
TABLE 30–4 Specifying Different Densities for a Tape Drive
Displaying Tape Drive Status
M How to Display Tape Drive Status
Handling Magnetic Tape Cartridges
Retensioning a Magnetic Tape Cartridge
Rewinding a Magnetic Tape Cartridge
Guidelines for Drive Maintenance and Media Handling

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