Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nur Yahya, T
05/1087561/KU/11522
Department of Radiology
Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University/
Sardjito Hodpital
Definition and classification
Definition
is an inflammatory condition of the lung. It is often
characterized as including inflammation of the parenchyma
of the lung (that is, the alveoli) and abnormal alveolar filling
with fluid (consolidation and exudation).
Classification
Based on site of patient’s exposure
Community acquired pneumonia (CAP)
Health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP)
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
Classification
Based on site of infectious agent:
Bacterial pneumonia bakterial : Staphylococcus S,
Streptococcus Sp, Hemofilus influenza, Klebsiella Sp,
Pseudomonas Sp,
Viral pneumonia
Fungal Pneumonia
Classification
Based on anatomical site of infection
Lobar pneumonia
Bronkopneumonia
Pleuropneumonia
Pneumonia interstitiel
Pathogenesis
Mycroorganisms gain access to the lower resp tract via:
Microaspiation from the oropharynx (most commont)
Inhalation of contaminated droplets
Hematogenous spread
Contiguous exension from an infected pleural or
mediastinal space
Clinical findings - symtomps
Typical symptoms
Fever Other common
Chill symptoms
Nausea
Sweats
Vomitting
Cough
Diarrhea
Nonproductive
Productive
Productive Fatigue
Mucoid
Mucoid sputum
sputum Headache
Purulent
Purulent sputum
sputum Myalgias
Blood-tinged
Blood-tinged sputum
sputum
athralgias
Pleuritic chest pain
dyspnea
Clinical findings - signs
Inspection:
Tachypnea
Palpation:
Increased tactile
fremitus
Percussion
Dull
Auscultation
Crackles
Bronchial breath
sound
Pleural friction rip
Pneumonia fills the lung's
alveoli with fluid, keeping
oxygen from reaching the
bloodstream. The alveolus
on the left is normal,
while the alveolus on the
right is full of fluid from
pneumonia.
Upper panel shows a
normal lung under a
microscope. The white
spaces are alveoli that
contain air. Lower panel
shows a lung with
pneumonia under a
microscope. The alveoli
are filled with
inflammation and debris.
Inquired radiology examination
Thorax x-ray
Radiologic findings
Left lower lobe consolidation
A left lower lobe infiltrate usually silhouettes out the left hemidiaphragm on
frontal and/or lateral views.
A positive lateral spine sign (density to lower thoracic spine) is also usually evident.
Lingular consolidation
An infiltrate in the RML silhouettes out the right heart border.
On frontal view, RML consolidation has a straight upper border due to the minor fissure.
On lateral view, RML consolidation appears as a wedge shaped density overlying the heart, bordered superiorly by the minor fissure and
inferiorly by the major fissure.
Round pneumonia
A pulmonary infiltrate due to pneumonia may infrequently present as a round mass- like density.
The differential includes bronchioloalveolar cancer, therefore follow-up to complete resolution is
indicated.
Right upper lobe consolidation
The right upper lobe is densely
consolidated demonstrating air
bronchograms pathognomonic
of alveolar infiltration.
The straight inferior border is
the minor fissure.
Alveolar consolidation in lobar
distribution is usually due to
bacterial pneumonia.
Bibasalar pneumonia with lateral spine sign