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Skeletal System
Axial Skeleton = 80 bones
I.Head Region (29 bones)
A.Skull
Cranium (Cranial Bones) = 8 bones
•
Frontal (forehead)1
•
Parietal (topsides of the cranium)2
•
Temporal (lower side of the skull)2
•
Occipital ( back & base of the skull)1
•
Sphenoid (mid-portion of thecranial floor)1
•
Ethmoid (front portion of the cranialfloor)1Face (Facial bones) = 14 bones
•
Maxillae (upper jaw bone)2
•
Mandible (lower jaw bone)1
•
Zygomatic (cheek bones)2
•
Nasal (bridge of the nose)2
•
Lacrimal (medial wall of the orbit)2
•
Palatine (back part of the hardpalate)2
•
Inferior Nasal Conchae (lateral wallof the nasal cavity)2
•
Vomer (back & lower part of thenasal septum)1
B.Ear Ossicles (6 bones)
-
Vibrate in response to soundwaves that strike the eardrum andhave a key role in hearing
•
Hammer (Malleus)2
•
Anvil (Incus)2
•
Stirrup (Stapes)2
C.Hyoid Bone
1II.Trunk Region (51 bones)
A.Vertebrae (Backbones) = 26 bones
•
Cervical vertebrae (neck)7
•
Thoracic vertebrae (upper back)12
•
Lumbar vertebrae (lower back)5
•
Sacrum (back of the pelvis)1
•
Coccyx (tail bone)1
B.Bones of the Chest / Thorax = 25 bones
•
Sternum (breast bone)1
•
Ribs (12 pairs)24
o
True Ribs (1
st
– 7
th
pairs of ribs)
o
False Ribs (8
th
– 10
th
pairs of ribs)
o
Floating Ribs (11
th
- 12
th
pairs of ribs)
Appendicular Skeleton = 126 bones
I.Upper Extremity (64 bones)
A.Shoulder Girdle / Pectoral Girdle =4 bones
•
Clavicle (collar bone)2
•
Scapula (shoulder blade)2B.Humerus (arm bone)2C.Radius (lateral forearm bone)2D.Ulna (medial forearm bone)2E.Carpals (bones of the wrist)16F.Metacarpals (framework of thepalm)10G.Phalanges (finger bones)28(2 for thumb and 3 for other fingers)
•
Proximal phalanges10
•
Middle phalanges8
•
Distal phalanges10
II.Lower Extremity (62 bones)
A.Pelvic Girdle
•
Hip bones / os coxae /innominate bones2B.Femur (thigh bone)2C.Patella (knee cap)2D.Tibia (shin bone, medial leg bone)2E.Fibula (splint bone, lateral legbone)2F.Tarsals (ankle bones)14G.Metatarsals (bones of the instep /sole)10H.Phalanges (finger bones)28(2 for big toe and 3 for other fingers)
•
Proximal phalanges10
•
Middle phalanges8
•
Distal phalanges10
Skeletal System
Bony Landmarks /Structural Features of the Individual Bones of the Body
A. Cranium
•
External auditory /acoustic meatus
•
Mastoid process
•
Connoid process
•
Coronoid process
•
Condyloid process
•
Styloid process
•
Foramen magnum
•
Occipital condyles
•
External occipitalprotuberance
•
Sutures
o
Coronal suture
o
Sagittal suture
o
Lambdoidalsuture
o
Squamosalsuture
B. Vertebra
•
Vertebral body
•
Pedicle
•
Lamina
•
Transverse process
•
Spinous process
•
Vertebral foramen
•
Intervertebralforamen
C. Sternum
•
Manubrium
•
Body
•
Xiphoid process
D. Clavicle
•
Sternal end
•
Acromial end
E. Scapula
•
Spine of scapula
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Acromion process
•
Coracoid process
•
Supraspinous fossa
•
Infraspinous fossa
•
Subscapular fossa
•
Glenoid fossa
•
Scapular notch
F. Humerus
•
Head of humerus
•
Anatomical neck
•
Surgical neck
•
Greater tubercle
•
Lesser tubercle
•
Intertuberculargroove
•
Deltoid tuberosity
•
Coronoid fossa
•
Radial fossa
•
Olecranon fossa
•
Trochlea
•
Capitulum
•
Medial epicondyle
•
Lateral epicondyle
G. Radius
•
Radial Head
•
Neck
•
Radial styloidprocess
H. Ulna
•
Olecranon process
•
Coronoid process
•
Trochlear notch
•
Ulnar head
•
Ulnar styloid proces
I. Carpal Bones
•
Proximal row (fromlateral to medial)
o
Navicular /Scaphoid
o
Lunate
o
Triquetral
o
Pisiform
•
Distal row (fromlateral to medial)
o
GreaterMultiangular / Trapezium
o
LesserMultiangular / Trapezoid
Skeletal System
o
Capitate
o
Hamate
J. Metacarpals &Phalanges
•
Base
•
Body/Shaft
•
Head
K. Hip Bone / InnominateBones
•
Ilium – iliac fossa,iliac crest, anteriorsuperior iliac spine
•
Ischium – ischialtuberosity
•
Pubis – symphysispubis
•
Acetabulum
•
Obturator foramen
L. Femur
•
Head of femur
•
Neck of femur
•
Greater trochanter
•
Lesser trochanter
•
Intertrochaneric line
•
Intertrochantericcrest
•
Linea aspera
•
Patellar surface
•
Popliteal surface
•
Medial condyle;Medial epicondyle
•
Lateral condyle;Lateral epicondyle
M. Patella
•
Base
•
Apex
N. Tibia
•
Medial tibial condyle
•
Lateral tibial condyle
•
Tibial tuberosity
•
Medial malleolus
O. Fibula
•
Head of fibula
•
Lateral malleolus
P. Tarsal Bones
•
Calcaneus
•
Talum
•
Navicular
•
Cuboid
•
Medial (1
st
)cuneiform
•
Intermediate (2
nd
)cuneiform
•
Lateral (3
rd
)cuneiform
Q.
Metatarsals / Phalanges
•
Base
•
Body/Shaft
•
Head
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