Commodore 64 User's Guide

*********Welcome to Project 64!The goal of Project 64 is to preserve Commodore 64 related documentsin electronic text format that might otherwise cease to exist with therapid advancement of computer technology and declining interest in 8-bit computers on the part of the general population. If you would liketo help by converting C64 related hardcopy documents to electronictexts please contact the manager of Project 64, Cris Berneburg, at74171.2136@compuserve.com.Extensive efforts were made to preserve the contents of the originaldocument. However, certain portions, such as diagrams, programlistings, and indexes may have been either altered or sacrificed dueto the limitations of plain vanilla text. Diagrams may have beeneliminated where ASCII-art was not feasible. Program listings may bemissing display codes where substitutions were not possible. Tablesof contents and indexes may have been changed from page numberreferences to section number references. Please accept our apologiesfor these limitations, alterations, and possible omissions.Document names are limited to the 8.3 file convention of DOS. Thefirst characters of the file name are an abbreviation of the originaldocument name. The version number of the etext follows next. Afterthat a letter may appear to indicate the particular source of thedocument. Finally, the document is given a .TXT extension.The author(s) of the original document and members of Project 64 makeno representations about the accuracy or suitability of this materialfor any purpose. This etext is provided "as-is". Please refer to thewarantee of the original document, if any, that may included in thisetext. No other warantees, express or implied, are made to you as tothe etext or any medium it may be on. Neither the author(s) nor themembers of Project 64 will assume liability for damages either fromthe direct or indirect use of this etext or from the distribution ofor modification to this etext.*********The Project 64 etext of the Commodore 64 User's Guide. Converted toetext by Frank Jeno Kontros <jeno@kontr.uzhgorod.ua>, the Non StopCracker.C64USG10.TXT, September 1996, etext #91.*********Note: To extract the ascii text basic programs all at once from thisetext use "tok64" by Cris Berneburg <74171.2136@compuserve.com>. Or toextract the uuencoded basic programs all at once use "uud" by EdwinKremer <edwin@zlotty>.*********There was a great work, but finally, after 2 weeks of correcting andformatting the text to the format what you now see, it is ready. I hopethat this manual is the second greatest project after COMMDODORE 64

PROGRAMMER'S REFERENCE GUIDE. It is dedicated to C64 users who haven'tthe original manual or buy 64 without it. Enjoy it!Generally it is the original US manual with all programs and near allpictures. There was many bugs & mispells corrected by me. Also the indexnow is more usable instead original.If you find errors in the text, please report them so that they can befixed. There should not be many, though...Frank Kontros, The Non Stop Cracker, jeno@kontr.uzhgorod.ua*********COMMODORE 64 USER'S GUIDE_____/ ___|___| / |__/ c o m m o d o r e| \___|__\ C O M P U T E R\_____|USER'S MANUAL STATEMENT"This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and ifnot installed and used properly, that is, in strict accordance with themanufacturer's instructions, may cause interference to radio andtelevision reception. It has been type tested and found to comply withthe limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with thespecifications in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC rules, which are designedto provide reasonable protection against such interference in aresidential installation. However, there is no guarantee thatinterference will not occur in a particular installation. If thisequipment does cause interference to radio or television reception,which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the useris encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of thefollowing measures:- reorient the receiving antenna,- relocate the computer with respect to the receiver,- move the computer away from the receiver,- plug the computer into a different outlet so that computer andreceiver are on different branch circuits."If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an experiencedradio/television technician for additional suggestions. The user mayfind the following booklet prepared by the Federal CommunicationsCommission helpful: 'How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV InterferenceProblems.' This booklet is available from the U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, D.C. 20402, Stock No. 004-000-00345-4."COMMODORE 64 USER'S GUIDEPublished byCommodore Business Machines, Inc.andHoward W. Sams & Co., Inc.

FIRST EDITIONTHIRD PRINTING-1983Copyright (C) 1982 by Commodore Business Machines, Inc.All rights reserved.This manual is copyrighted and contains proprietary information. No partof this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior writtenpermission of COMMODORE BUSINESS MACHINES, Inc.TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION1. SETUP1.1. Unpacking and Connecting the Commodore 641.2. Installation1.3. Optional Connections1.4. Operation1.5. Color Adjustment2. GETTING STARTED2.1. Keyboard2.2. Back to Normal2.3. Loading and Saving Programs2.4. PRINT and Calculations2.5. Precedence2.6. Combining Things3. BEGINNING BASIC PROGRAMMING3.1. The Next StepGOTO3.2. Editing Tips3.3. Variables3.4. IF ... THEN3.5. FOR ... NEXT Loops4. ADVANCED BASIC4.1. Introduction4.2. Simple AnimationNested Loops4.3. INPUT4.4. GET4.5. Random Numbers and Other Functions4.6. Guessing Game4.7. Your Roll4.8. Random GraphicsCHR$ and ASC Functions5. ADVANCED COLOR AND GRAPHIC COMMANDS5.1. Color and Graphics5.2. PRINTing Colors5.3. Color CHR$ Codes