PREPARED BY

Department of Engineering Production & Mechanical

Design
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING – MANSOURA UNIVERSITY
CHAPTER ONE
 ‫‪Introduction‬‬
‫الرسـم الهندسي هو لغـة التخاطـب بين المهندسيـن والفنييـن في مواقـع‬
‫المشروعــات الهندسيــة ومكاتـب التصميــم وفى مصانـع وورش‬
‫اإلنتــاج‪ ،‬فبواسطتــه يمكـن التعبيــر عن أيـة تصميمــات في‬
‫مختلــف المجــاالت الهندسيــة ويمكـن إعطـاء التعليمـات للتنفيــذ‬
‫والتصنيــع‪.‬‬

‫• وان كان العمل األساسي للمهنـدس هو تصميــم المنشــأ أو المنتـج‬

‫فانـه من األهميــة بمكـان ان يكون التعبيــر عن هـذا التصميــم‬
‫بوسيلــة متعـارف عليهــا عالميــا وهـذه الوسيلــة هي قواعـد‬
‫الرسـم الهندسي وقــــــــــــد أصـدرت جميـع الـدول المتقدمــة‬
‫علميــا القواعــد القياسيـة الخاصـة بها ‪ Codes of Practice‬فى‬
‫الرسم الهندسي‪.‬‬
‫‪Drawing Instruments‬‬
‫لوحــة الرسـم الخشبيــة ‪Drawing Board‬‬ ‫•‬
‫األقــالم الرصـاص ‪Drawing Pencils‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ورقــة الرسم ‪Drawing Paper‬‬ ‫•‬
‫مسطرة على شكل حرف ‪T T-square‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Triangle‬‬ ‫المثلثـــات‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Compasses Box‬‬ ‫علبــة البراجــل‬ ‫•‬
‫مسطــرة القيـــاس ‪Ruler‬‬ ‫•‬
‫مسطــرة المنحنيــات ‪French Curves‬‬ ‫•‬
‫منقلـــة ‪Protractor‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ممحـــاة ‪Eraser‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ورق اللصــق ‪Sellotape‬‬ ‫•‬
Instruments
Instruments
 ‫‪Important Notes‬‬

‫يجب االحتفاظ بجميع أدوات الرسم نظيفة تماما وخصوصا بالنسبة للوحة‬ ‫•‬
‫الخشب والمساطر والمثلثات ويجب التأكد من ذلك قبل البدء في الرسم‪.‬‬
‫يجب اختيار قلم الرصاص ذو الدرجة المناسبة واالحتفاظ به حاد السن بصفة‬ ‫•‬
‫مستمرة‬
‫ال تجرى تقسيمات بالقلم على المسطرة‬ ‫•‬
‫ال تستخدم مسطرة القياس المدرجة كأداة للرسم‬ ‫•‬
‫ال تستخدم حافة المسطرة حرف ‪ T‬اال لرسم الخطوط أو الرتكاز المثلثات‬ ‫•‬
‫ال تبرى سن القلم الرصاص على لوحة الرسم‬ ‫•‬
‫التقطع ورقة الرسم بسكين أو تستخدم المسطرة حرف ‪ T‬كدليل للقطع‬ ‫•‬
‫ال تضع أدوات كثيرة أو مهمات غير مطلوبة على لوحة الرسم‬ ‫•‬
‫ال تستخدم سن برجل التقسيم ألي سبب أخر مثل نزع الدبابيس أو التخريم‪0‬‬ ‫•‬
 Drawing Paper
A-series paper is used
[Designation Size (mm)]

• A0 841 x 1189
• A1 594 x 841
• A2 420 x 594
• A3 297 x 420
• A4 210 x 297

• An A0 sheet has an area of 1m2

• · The sides are in the proportion 2 : 1
• · Do not assume that the paper has been cut correctly – opposite sides may
not be parallel, and corners may not be exactly 90 degrees

Border (or margin)

• · The drawing should have a border of about 10 mm

• · Space should be left for binding and hole-punching, if the drawing is to be
placed in a file
Types of Drawing Pencils
Grade Hardness Use
7B Softest Special
6B Artistic
5B Work
4B
3B
2B
B Sketching and rendering
HB Soft In artistic work
F Medium
H Medium Sketching,finishing, arrowhead,lettering,
2H Hard centre lines,dimension lines,
3H leaders, hatching lines.
4H
5H Hardest Special graphic work.
 Scales of Drawing
Express as ratio drawing unit : real world unit

Enlargement scales:
• 50:1 20:1 10:1
• 5:1 2:1
Full size scale
• 1:1
Reduction scales
• 1:2 1:5
• 1:10 1:20 1:50
• 1:100 1:200 1:500
• 1:1000 1:2000 1:5000

1. · Scales other than those above should only be used in exceptional

circumstances (ensure that sensible numbers are used, e.g. 1:2500, not 1:2384)
2. · Check that the scale on the printed drawing is correct – this is very important
(measure it)
 Types of Lines
OBJECT LINES
• Object lines depict the visible edges of an object.  The
edges you would see looking at the object with your
naked eyes.  They shown as dark, solid lines.

HIDDEN LINES
• Hidden lines depict invisible edges inside an object.  The
edges you would not see looking at the object with your
naked eyes.  They are shown as dashed lines.

CENTER LINES
• Center lines depict the center of any cylindrical-shaped
object whether it be a cylinder or hole.  They are shown as
a long line followed by a short line, followed by a long
line.
 Types of Lines
Line Description..........
Continuous Thick
Continuous Thin
Continuous Freehand
Continuous Thin
With Zigzags
Dashed Thick
Dashed Thin
Chain Thin
Chain Thick

Chain Thin
Thick ends

Chain Thin
double-dashed
‫‪BASIC DIMENSIONG‬‬
‫• تستخــدم لكتابة األبعاد كل من التالى‪:‬‬
‫خطوط األمتداد ‪Extension Lines‬‬ ‫–‬
‫خطوط األبعــــاد ‪Dimension Lines‬‬ ‫–‬
‫خطـوط اإلشارة ‪Leaders‬‬ ‫–‬
‫رؤوس األسهم ‪Arrow heads‬‬ ‫–‬
‫المالحظات ‪ Notes‬والرموز‪Symbols‬‬ ‫–‬
 ‫‪Lettering‬‬
‫فى الرسم الهندسى عند رسم جسم أو مساقط فإنه يجب أعطاء بيانات كاملة عن‬
‫هذا المسقط أو الجسم وذلك عن طريق كتابة مجموعة من األرقام التى تمثل‬
‫ابعاد الجسم الخارجية والداخلية وكذلك كتابة كلمات ومالحظات مختصرة تعتبر‬
‫أساسية إلتمام الفائدة من هذه الرسومات كما انها تسهل قراءتها‪ .‬والكلمات‬
‫واألرقام التى تصاحب الرسومات البد ان تكون واضحة ومتناسقة حتى تسهل‬
‫قراءتها‪ .‬ولذا وضع المختصون نماذج للحروف واألرقام التى تصلح الستعمالها‬
‫فى الكتابة على الرسومات‪.‬‬
 Drawing Table
The table should be at the right bottom of the
drawing sheet
 Engineering Graphic
Animation
Because graphical concepts are often difficult to grasp
on a static page, Giesecke have developed
animations to bring them to life. This site features
animations of concepts that appear in each of the three
Giesecke texts. Use these aids to help improve
your ability to think in three dimensions.

The animations utilize the Flash plug-in. If you do not

have the Flash plug-in, please click here to download it.
All Flash movies will open a new browser window.
Giesecke on the Web
   
 GEOMETRICAL
CONSTRUCTIONS

Refer to the Book for Different

Geometrical Constructions.
CHAPTER TWO
 Sketching
1. Sketching is a quick way of visualizing and solving
a drawing problem. It is an effective way of
communicating with all members of the design
team.

2. There are special techniques for sketching lines,

circles, and arcs. These techniques should be
practiced so they become second nature.

3. Moving your thumb up or down the length of a

pencil at arms length is an easy method for
estimating proportional size.

4. Using a grid makes sketching in proportion an

easy task. Grid paper comes in a variety of types,
including square grid and isometric grid.
 Sketching

1. You can sketch circles by constructing a square

and locating the four tangent points where the
circle touches the square.

2. A sketched line does not need to look like a

mechanical line. The main distinction between
instrumental drawing and freehand sketching is the
character or technique of the line work.

3. Freehand sketches are made to proportion, but not

necessarily to a particular scale.

4. Notes and dimensions are added to sketches using

uppercase letters drawn by hand.
 Sketching

Sketching is one of the primary means of

graphic communication among engineers.
The ability to sketch is an essential tool for all
engineers as sketching is used to convey
original ideas from the engineer to the
designer and from the designer to the drafter.
There are three types of sketches:-
1.Pictorial
2.Multiview
3.Diagrammatic
 Sketching
Line types are the same for sketching as
for formal drawings. There are various
short cuts in sketching that can make
your life easier:- A freehand sketch is a
drawing in which all the proportions and
lengths are judged by eye and all lines
are drawn without the use of drawing
instruments the only tools being pencils,
eraser and paper.
 Sketching

The ability to sketch is a skill which is

acquired through learning initially to
draw freehand squares circles, ellipses
and curves. Circular curves must be
drawn with the ball of the hand inside the
curve and straight lines must be drawn
by resting the weight of the hand on the
backs of the fingers as shown below.
 Sketching
Axonometric Projection
In this type of projection the isometric view is
usually used. Isometric projection is based on the
principle that a cube representing the projection
axes will be rotated until its front face is 45 degree
to the frontal plane and then tipped forward to
downward at an angle of 35.27degree. The resulting
rotation displays all the faces equally.
 Sketching
The viewing plane 1-2-3 is parallel to the
projection plane (image plane). This is
an isometric view. In true isometric
projection, the three planes make equal
angles of 120o amongst themselves.
Isometric sketches are constructed
along three axes, one vertical and the
other two at angles of 30o to the
horizontal going both right and left. All
lines are drawn true length and are
considered to be isometric lines.
 Sketching
Representation of Circles in Isometric Projection
There are several ways a circle can be
constructed in isometric projection.
a) Sketch
Sketch an enclosing isometric square.
Sketch bisecting lines, at points of intersection of
this lines with the square sketch tangential arcs.
Sketch remaining parts of the ellipse.
 Sketching
b) Ordinates Method
Draw a circle and divide into equal number
of ordinates.
Draw isometric square.
Transfer all ordinates from 1 to 2.
Join the plotted points to form an isometric
circle
 Sketching
The mentioned method may be adapted for
any irregular shape.
 DIMENSIONING
Dimensioning Practice (Terms)
Dimensions
A numeric value expressed in appropriate units of
measure and indicated on a drawing and in other
documents along with lines, symbols, and notes to
define the size or geometric characteristic, or
both, of a part or part feature. Example: 12.875
(in.), 25 (mm), etc.
Reference Dimension
A dimension, usually without tolerance used for
information only. It is considered auxiliary
information and does not govern Production or
inspection operations. A reference dimension
repeats a dimension or size already given or it
derived from other values shown on the drawing
or related drawing. Reference dimensions are
enclosed in parenthesis eg (23.50).
 DIMENSIONING
Datum
The origin from which the location or geometric
characteristics of a part are established. The correct
identification of datum on a component and the
related dimensioning can be related directly to the
methods of manufacturing e.g., CNC co-coordinators
for machining features, indicating work holding
features.

Feature
The general term applied to a physical portion of a
part, e.g. a surface, hole or slot.

Datum feature
A geometric feature of a part that is used to establish
a datum. Example: a point, line, surface, hole, etc.
 DIMENSIONING
Actual Size
The measured size of the feature.
Limits of size
The specified maximum and minimum limits of a feature.
Tolerance
The total amount by which a specific dimension is
permitted to vary. The tolerance is the difference between
the maximum and minimum limits.
DIMENSIONING
 Types of Dimensioning
Parallel Dimensioning
• Parallel dimensioning consists of several
dimensions originating from one projection
line.
Superimposed Running Dimensions
• Superimposed running dimensioning
simplifies parallel dimensions in order to
reduce the space used on a drawing. In
general all other dimension lines are
broken. The dimension note can appear
above the dimension line or in-line with the
projection line
Chain Dimensioning
• Chains of dimension should only be used
if the function of the object won't be
affected by the accumulation of the
tolerances. (A tolerance is an indication of
the accuracy the product has to be made
to
 Types of Dimensioning
Combined Dimensions
• A combined dimension uses both chain
and parallel dimensioning.

Dimensioning by Co-ordinates
• Two sets of superimposed running
dimensions running at right angles can be
used with any features which need their
centre points defined, such as holes.

Dimensioning Small Features

• When dimensioning small features, placing
the dimension arrow between projection
lines may create a drawing which is difficult
to read. In order to clarify dimensions on
small features any of the above methods
can be used.
 Types of Dimensioning
• For Circles
• For Radii
• For Holes
CHAPTER THREE
 ISOMETRIC DRAWING
Isometric drawing is another way of presenting
designs/drawings in three dimensions. The example opposite
has been drawn with a 30 degree set square. Designs are
always drawn at 30 degrees in isometric projection
 ISOMETRIC DRAWING
SIMPLE EXERCISE

1. Draw two basic 30 degree guidelines, one to the left and

one to the right, plus a vertical guideline in the centre of
the drawing. In this example three edges of the cube
have been drawn over the guidelines (they are slightly
darker).
2. Draw guidelines to help you start constructing the left
and right sides of the cube. Remember to use a 30
degree set square for the 'angled' lines.
3. Draw the two sides in place. They should be darker than
the faint guidelines. 
4. Complete the top of the cube by projecting lines with
the 30 degree set square as shown opposite.
5. Complete the top of the cube by projecting lines with
the 30 degree set square as shown opposite.
ISOMETRIC DRAWING
ISOMETRIC CIRCLES AND
CYLINDERS
Drawing a basic isometric shape such as cube
can be difficult the first time you attempt to
draw it using a T-Square and 30 degree Set
Square. However, after a few attempts the
technique for drawing them can be mastered
quite easily. On the other hand - isometric
circles and cylinders are more difficult and
.drawing them requires practice
:The sequence for drawing both is shown below
ISOMETRIC CIRCLES AND
CYLINDERS
 ISOMETRIC CIRCLES AND
CYLINDERS
1. Draw the original circle with a compass and enclose it in a box. Add
vertical and horizontal guidelines  

2. Number the vertical lines (these are called 'ordinate lines') as shown on
the diagram opposite. 
3. Draw the grid in isometric using a 30 degree set square, being careful to
use the same measurements as the original grid which surrounds the
circle. 
 
4. To draw the circle in isometric projection simply measure each distance
down each vertical line on the normal grid and transfer it to the isometric
grid. On the diagrams opposite - distance 'x' on guideline 3 has been
transferred to the isometric grid. This is repeated for each of the
guidelines 1,2, and 4.  
5. Continue around the isometric circle 'plotting' transferring distances
from the original grid to the isometric grid - until the circle is complete.  
ISOMETRIC CIRCLES AND
CYLINDERS
PRODUCING A CYLINDER
  SHAPE IN ISOMETRIC
1. Having successfully drawn the isometric
circle developing it further to change it
into a cylinder is relatively easy. Draw 30
degree guidelines out from the isometric
circle as shown in the diagram.
2. Measure the distance representing the
'thickness' of the cylinder along each 30
degree guideline. Start drawing a curve
through each of the points.  
3. Draw the curve through each of the
points to produce the final cylinder
shade.
PRODUCING A CYLINDER
  SHAPE IN ISOMETRIC
  ISOMETRIC CUBES
  ISOMETRIC CUBE EXERCISE
Using a basic isometric cube with 25mm
sides or less, build up a shape similar to the
one seen below. Remember, using a 30
degree set square is vital for this exercise.
The only other lines are vertical lines. If you
feel confident with drawing in isometric use
blank paper otherwise use isometric paper
(seen below). This paper has 30 degree
lines and vertical lines already printed on it
(similar to graph paper).
ISOMETRIC CUBE
  EXERCISE
CHAPTER FOUR
 Possible Views
Top

Back Left Side Front Right Side

Bottom
Selection of Views
• Not all 6 views have to be
shown in an orthographic
projection drawing.

• Details are repeated in the top

and bottom, right and left, and
the front and back views.
 Orthographic Projection
The aim of an engineering drawing is to convey
all the necessary information of how to make the
part to the manufacturing department. For most
parts, the information cannot be conveyed in a
single view. Rather than using several sheets of
paper with different views of the part, several
views can be combined on a single drawing
using one of the two available projection
systems, first angle, and third angle projection.
 Orthographic Drawing
• Orthographic drawings are the result of projecting
the image of a three-dimensional object onto one of
six standard planes of projection. The planes of
projection intersect each other at fold lines. The six
standard planes of projection are often thought of
as a "glass box."

• Each view in an orthographic projection is aligned

with an adjacent view. The principal views most
often used are top, front, and right side.
Purpose of Orthographics
• Shows the true size and shape of
the features of an object
• Provide certain information on
how the object is to be made.
What is an orthographic
Projection?
• An orthographic projection is
a multi-view drawing used to
show all of the features of an
object.

• Different views are set up in a

systematic way to mentally
connect them together.
 Objectives
• Identify an orthographic projection.
• Select the best views to describe an
object.
• Identify objects from an
orthographic projection drawing.
• Identify the visualization rules of an
orthographic projection drawing.
 Visualization
• Visualization is the ability to form
a mental picture of what an object
is going to look like when it’s
completed.

• You must compare the top, front,

sides, back and bottom views to
see what shapes the objects have
in common.
 Visualization Rules
• 1. Scan briefly all views shown.
• 2. Study the front view for shape
description.
• 3. Move from view to view to find
similar lines, surfaces, and shapes.
• 4. Study one feature at a time and begin
to put the shapes together to form the 3
dimensional shape of the object.
 Rules For Selecting Views
• 1. Only views that clearly describe the
object are used.
• 2. Views that show the least hidden lines
should be selected.
• 3. The object should be shown in it’s
functioning position when possible.
• 4. The view that best describes the object
should be selected as the front view.
 Projection Systems
One of the two available projection
systems, first angle, and third angle
projection.
 Orthographic Drawing
• To help project or verify surfaces you can
label them with letters, and the corners of
surfaces can be labeled with numbers. There
are normal, inclined, and oblique surfaces.
Normal surfaces appear true size in one
principal view and as an edge in the other
two principal views. Inclined surfaces appear
as an edge view in one of the three principal
views. Oblique surfaces do not appear in
edge view in any of the principal views.
Orthographic Projection
Orthographic Projection
Projection in three views
First angle projection
The Projection of Views
• Must be able to visualize the
object as a whole and be able
to mentally put the views
together.
• Views are projected at right
angles (90 Deg) to each other.
• There are 6 different views
possible in an orthographic
projection.
 Summary
• The purpose of an orthographic
projection is to show an object in
it’s true shape and size.

• The different views in an

orthographic projection are
projected at 90 degrees to each
other.
 Summary
• Four rules should be considered
when selecting which views to
use.
• Visualization involves being able
to form a mental picture of what
the object is to look like.
• Use the 4 visualization rules to
help form a mental picture of the
object.
 Summary Questions
 What is an orthographic projection?
 What are the proper locations of all six views
that can be produced in an orthographic
projection?
 Out of the six possible views, why do we usually
only select 3?
 What 4 rules must you follow when selecting the
views for an orthographic projection?
 What is meant by visualization of an object?
 What 4 rules are used in the visualization
process?
CHAPTER FIVE
 SECTIONING
Sectional View in a single plane
The example shows a simple single
plane sectional view where object is
cut in half by the cutting plane. The
cutting plane is indicated on a
drawing using the line style used for
centre lines, but with a thick line
indicating the end of lines and any
change in the direction of the cutting
plane. The direction of the view is
indicated by arrows with a reference
letter. The example shows a
sectional view of the cutting plane A
- A.
 SECTIONING
Sectional View in
two planes
It is possible for the
cutting plane to
change directions, to
minimise on the
number of sectional
views required to
capture the necessary
detail. The example
shows a pipe being
cut by two parallel
planes. The sketch
shows where the
object is cut.
 SECTIONING

Half Sectional views

Half sections are
commonly used to
show both the internal
and outside view of
symmetrical objects
 SECTIONING
Part Sectional views
It is common practice to section a part of an
object when only small areas need to be
sectioned to indicate the important details.
The figure shows a part sectional view to
indicate a through-hole in a plate. Notice that
the line indicating the end of the section is a
thin continuous line.
 SECTIONING
HALF VIEWS AND PARTIAL
VIEWS
Half Views and Partial
views are used to simply
save space when half of,
or portion of a view is not
needed or is redundant.
 SECTIONING
AUXILIARY VIEWS
Auxiliary Views are used to accurately depict features on
Inclined Surfaces.  If there is no feature on the inclined
surface, there is no need to create an auxilliary view.
 SECTIONING
SECTION VIEWS
Section views are used to get rid of the confusing
hidden lines:
 SECTIONING
SECTION VIEWS
Where the object is cut is
called the cutting plane and
the direction of view is
depicted by arrows.  The
SECTION A-A note is for use
if the view is on a different
page from the main views.
The material that is
supposedly cut is "Hatched"
with patterns. The patterns
often depict the actual
material of the object.
 SECTIONING
The patterns often depict the actual material of the object are
as shown
 SECTIONING
FULL SECTIONS
Full section views cut all the way across the object. Full
Section Views can be placed on the same page or on another
page. The Cutting Plane and Arrows always are displayed.
 SECTIONING
HALF SECTIONS
Half Section Views are used primarily on symmetrically
shaped objects (where both halves are the same). They are a
great shortcut because you can depict the inside and outside
of the object all in one view.
 SECTIONING
OFFSET SECTIONS
Offset Section Views are like full section views except that the
Cutting Plane bends to follow certain features inside the object.
 SECTIONING
REVOLVED VIEWS
Revolved Views are a shortcut way to show a section
view that shows the internal shape of an object without
creating a completely separate section view.    The
cutting plane passes through the object at the desired
location and is revolved, in place, to show the section
view. Revolved Views can be inside the regular view:
The following slide illustrates some of these revolved
sections
 SECTIONING
REVOLVED VIEWS
 SECTIONING
BROKEN OUT (LOCAL)
SECTIONS
Broken out Sections are
another sectioning
shortcut. 
It is a way to make a
section view of only a
specific and usually small
area.
 SECTIONING
CONVENTIONAL BREAKS
Conventional Breaks are a way of depicting a very long object
without showing the entire length.  It is often used for objects
like rods, tubing/piping or wooden objects
 HATCHING
On sections and sectional views solid
area should be hatched to indicate this
fact. Hatching is drawn with a thin
continuous line, equally spaced
(preferably about 4mm apart, though
never less than 1mm) and preferably at
an angle of 45 degrees
 HATCHING
Hatching One, Two and Multi Objects
 HATCHING
Hatching Thin Sections
Sometimes, it is difficult to
hatch very thin sections. To
emphasise solid wall the
walls can be filled in. This
should only be used when
the wall thickness size is
less than 1mm
 HATCHING
Hatching Large
Sections
When hatching large
areas in order to aid
readability, the hatching
can be limited to the area
near the edges of the
part.
 HATCHING
Which Sectional View?
Before proceeding, consider the diagrams below
and select the correct sectional view.
 Drawing threaded parts
Drawing Conventions
Threads are drawn
with thin lines as
shown. When drawn
from end-on, a
threaded section is
indicated by a broken
circle drawn using a
thin line.
 Drawing threaded parts
Frequently a threaded section
will need to be shown inside a
part. The two illustrations
demonstrate two methods of
drawing a threaded section.
Note the conventions. The
hidden detail is drawn as a
thin dashed line. The sectional
view uses both thick and thin
line with the hatching carrying
on to the very edges of the
object
CHAPTER SIX
Steel Constructions
Standard Steel Sections
Standard Steel Sections
Standard Steel Sections
Standard Steel Sections
Standard Steel Sections
Steel Connections
Steel Connections
Steel Connections
Steel Connections
Steel Connections
Steel Connections
Steel Connections
Steel Connections
Steel Connections
Steel Connections
Steel Connections
Steel Connections
Steel Connections
CHAPTER SEVEN
 AUTOCAD
Starting AutoCAD
Start AutoCAD by clicking on the Windows Start button
(bottom left), then move the mouse to Programs then
CAD and Modelling then "AutoCAD Architectural Desktop
2" and click on AutoCAD Architectural Desktop 2.
A dialog giving various startup options will be displayed.
Select the second option: "Start from Scratch" and click
OK.
Once AutoCAD has loaded, move the mouse around until
you see a crosshair cursor. The AutoCAD window has a
number of important features:
AUTOCAD
 AUTOCAD
Command Entry
Typically there are three ways of giving a
command :
•Type the command using the keyboard -
the command is displayed in the command
area.
•Select the command from a menu.
•Select the command's icon from a toolbar.
 AUTOCAD
Draw a Rectangle
Select Rectangle (or type rectang ), then
type: 15,15
The text typed is displayed in the command
area at the bottom of AutoCAD's window. 
415,315
(These are absolute cartesian coordinates)
 AUTOCAD
Saving a Drawing

Note that if you type SAVE , you actually get

"Save As"!.
The quickest way to save is to press Ctrl-S - this
is the same as "qsave". Select the Save icon from
the standard toolbar.
The drawing has not been saved before, so
AutoCAD will display the SAVE AS dialog box,
select the appropriate Drive and Directory, type
the drawing name, and then select "OK".
 AUTOCAD
Draw some Lines
Instead of LINE, you can also type: L - which is a short-cut.

Type LINE Move the crosshair to near the bottom-left of

the rectangle and click the left mouse button, then move
the crosshair to the top-right of the rectangle and again
click the left mouse button.
Remember this! If you press “Enter” after you finish a
command, the command is re-issued. Press “Enter” to
terminate the command, and then press “Enter” again to
re-start the command!
Draw a line from the top-left to the bottom-right of the
rectangle, and then press “Enter” to end the command.
This will save the drawing and exit AutoCAD.type:
QUIT You will be prompted to save the changes you've
made - click OK.
 AUTOCAD
Draw a "Diamond"
The "polyline" used below is used to create a sequence of
joined line segments, which become one object.
Using the "line" command each line segment is a separate
object.Select Polyline (or type: pline ) and then type:
absolute coordinate         215,15        
absolute cartesian coordinate @212<45
relative polar coordinate @212<135 @212<225 c

If you make a mistake, you can undo the last line segment by typing: u .
 AUTOCAD
Snap Modes
It is often useful to be able to draw something from (for
example) the end of another shape. AutoCAD has a large
selection of "snap modes" for this purpose. The most
commonly used snap modes are "Endpoint" (which snaps to
the end of the selected graphics entity) and "Intersection"
(which snaps to the intersection of two graphics entities).
The object snap modes can either be typed or they can be
selected from the standard toolbar or from the snap toolbar:
 AUTOCAD
Draw an Arc
Select Arc (or type ARC ), then select the midpoint snap
mode (or type: MID ) and select the left side of the bottom of
the "diamond" polyline you drew before. Then use the
midpoint snap to enter points on the right side at the bottom
and then the top of the polyline (see figure ).
 AUTOCAD
Draw this exercise
Lastly, I want you to draw a rectangle in the diamond shape,
another diamond inside that rectangle, a circle inside that
diamond and a horizontal and vertical line also inside the last
diamond (see figure) ! Each shape should touch the
Midpoints of the previous shape...
 AUTOCAD
Finishing up
That's all for tutorial one! Save your drawing (press Ctrl-S)
and then exit AutoCAD (select File - Exit).
Thank You