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 A|j @ke`b$ Ykd.? "?662, ?=*00 Jmxbkhkdkal`ed  Erxl`dm
Xbm irknx pkjmrpe}dx7 xm`bnl`ed ormechkqn enhxrelnlna
 Yedmnxln ]w}nky 
 Bexelxel A|jnepxl`p$ Qmddlnaxkn$ Nmq Wmedenh 
 EOPX_E@X
Xbm irknx x}`c pkjmrpe}dx lp e i}nhejmnxed pcldd xe}abx merd| kn ln e a|jnepx“p `ermmr. Jlpxecmp ln xbm xme`blna vrk`mpp qldd beym dkna depxlna `knpmu}mn`mp ep mnarelnmh mrrkrp qldd om berh xk il$ enh qldd edpk dmeh xk vkkr pcldd xrenpimr. Xbm`kjjkn evvrke`b xk xme`blna xbm pkjmrpe}dx lp }p}edd| xbrk}ab e xrled enh mrrkr evvrke`b$ qlxb dlxxdm xljm pvmnx knpbevlna kr qkrclna xbm lnxrl`exm hmxeldp xk xbm pcldd. Ln xblp erxl`dm xbm }nhmrpxenh ‐ xme`b jkhmd lp }pmh xk ened|wm xbmirknx x}`c pkjmrpe}dx. Irkj xblp ened|plp e pmrlmp ki hrlddp erm }pmh ikr xme`blna xbm pkjmrpe}dx qlxb ik`}p kn xbm `rlxl`edvbepmp. Xbm `rlxl`ed vbepmp ikr xbm irknx pkjmrpe}dx$ dlcm en| pkjmrpe}dx$ erm xbm evvrke`b$ xecm*kii$ rkxexlkn$ enh denhlna.Lxp lp omdlmymh xbex lxp ehyenxeamk}p xk xme`b me`b vbepm pmverexmd|$ pk xbex xbm a|jnepx `en aeln evvrm`lexlkn ikr xbmljvkrxen`m ki me`b vbepm$ enh }nhmrpxenh xbm `krrm`x pmu}mn`m ki mymnxp. Kn`m edd vbepmp erm }nhmrpxkkh enh dmernmhxbm| erm `kjolnmh xk xreln xbm irknx pkjmrpe}dx. Xbm ik`}p lp kn xrenpimrrlna e irknx pkjmrpe}dx irkj e rmok}nh p}rie`m xkxbm idkkr. @ermi}d enh vrkarmpplym vrkarmpplkn lp lhmed$ ln krhmr ikr xbm a|jnepx xk om eodm xk xrenpimr xbm `krrm`x xm`bnlu}mirkj knm evverex}p xk xbm kxbmr.
Cm| Qkrhp
7 irknx x}`c$ xecm*kii$ }nhmrpxenh*xme`b jkhmd$ irknx x}jodlna$ v}n`b irknx
LNX_KH]@XLKN
Xbm irknx pkjmrpe}dx ln e x}`c vkplxlkn "ece irknx x}`c, lprmaerhmh o| jen| `ke`bmp ep e ‒i}nhejmnxed pcldd“ enh lx lp}p}edd| xe}abx ilrpx ln pmu}mn`m ki irknx pkjmrpe}dx pclddp$bkqmymr xblp lp }p}edd| om`e}pm rk}xlnm nm`mpplx| kra|jnepx eoldlx| rexbmr xben om`e}pm lx“p lhmed. Jen| `ke`bmp vrmimr xk xme`b e irknx vlcm kr irknx de|k}x omikrm ex}`c. Xbm `kjjkn vrkarmpplknp xecmn xk xme`blna xblp pcldderm u}lxm oepl` enh rmvd| bmeyld| kn rmvmxlxlkn$ enh xrledenh mrrkr. Dlxxdm `knplhmrexlkn lp }p}edd| velh xk pbevlnaxblp pcldd. Mymn xbk}ab ikrjmr xrled enh mrrkr jmxbkh `en om miim`xlym ln xme`blna xbm pkjmrpe}dx$ lx hkmp vkpm pmymreddljlxexlknp qbl`b blnhmr xbm vrkarmppmp ki xblp pcldd enh lxpevvdl`exlkn xk kxbmr pclddp.Om`e}pm ki xbm i}nhejmnxed nex}rm ki xblp pcldd lxpljvkrxenx xk xme`b lx `krrm`xd| pk xbex lx `en xrenpimrrmh xkkxbmr evverex}p$ enh pk xbex lx `en peimd| hmymdkv lnxkj}dxlvdm pkjmrpe}dxp. Xbm ikddkqlna erxl`dm }pmp e jkhlilmh ymrplkn ki xbm ‒}nhmrpxenh
↟
xme`b“ jkhmd "56, hmxeldlnaknm vkpplodm jmxbkh xk xme`blna xbm irknx pkjmrpe}dx knxbm idkkr. O| }plna xbm }nhmrpxenh
↟
xme`b jkhmd xkened|pm xbm pcldd e bkdlpxl` ylmq ki xbm irknx pkjmrpe}dx lpvrmpmnxmh.
JMXBKHKDKA\ Hrlddp enh Vrkarmpplknp
Xbm xme`blna vrk`mpp lp hlylhmh lnxk xqk vbepmp7 Vbepm 5eljp xk hmymdkv xbm `krrm`x pbevlna enh krlmnxexlkn ikr xbmpkjmrpe}dx enh vbepm ? ik`}pmp mnxlrmd| kn xbm xecm*kii.Okxb vbepmp `en enh lhmed pbk}dh om xe}abx ex xbm pejmxljm$ o}x nkx `kjolnmh }nxld xbm `ke`b lp `knilhmnx xbexxbm a|jnepxp lp eodm }nhmrpxenh xbm `krrm`x okh| pbevm$enh xbm ljvkrxen`m ki xbm xecm*kii.
 Vbepm 5 * Pbevlna enh _kxexlkn
Xbm ikddkqlna mmr`lpmp erm bmdvi}d ln hmymdkvlna xbmnm`mpper| x}`c pbevm enh }nhmrpxenhlna ki bkq xk amx lnxkxbm vkplxlkn `krrm`xd|.
 Pbevlna
"Xeodm 5,5. _mplpxmh xr}nc idmlkn "Ila}rm 5,?. _mplpxmh Dma `}rdp "Ila}rm ?,0. Hlpb x}`c mxmnplknp "Ila}rm 0,8. X}`c kymr reld "Ila}rm 8,Xbm v}rvkpm ki xbmpm hrlddp lp xk pxrmnaxbmn enh `kkrhlnexmxbm cm| j}p`dm ark}vp enh e`xlknp ln vmrikrjlna xbm x}`c vkplxlkn.
¬?662 Xbm A|j Vrmpp. Edd rlabxp rmpmrymh A|j @ke`b Ykd.?$ Je|$ ?662 * ?=*
 
Y. ]w}nky$ A|j @ke`b$ Ykd.? "?662, ?=*00 Jmxbkhkdkal`ed  Erxl`dm
 
XEODM
5
‐ Pbevlna Mmr`lpmp
Ila}rm 5
* Pxerxlna o| bkdhlna knxk e o}namm+mdepxl` dlcm exbmreoenh$ xbm a|jnepx v}ddp xbm o}namm hkqnqerhp o| rk}nhlnabmr oe`c$ enh v}ddlna ln xbm `bmpx$xr|lna xk jelnxeln en kvmn blvvkplxlkn ikr ep dkna ep vkpplodm.Xbm jkxlkn pbk}dh om iepx qlxbjeljed renam ki jkxlkn. Irkjxbm `knxre`xlkn xbm a|jnepxpdkqd| rmx}rn xk xbm pxerxlnavkplxlkn. ?*0pmxp ki 56 rmvp lprm`kjjmnhmh.
Ila}rm ?
‐ Pxerx o| de|lna`rkppqe|p kymr e vkjjmd. Xbma|jnepxp encdm erm xlmh qlxb enmdepxl` "xbmreoenh lp akkh,exxe`bmh xk en en`bkr vklnx$ krxbm `ke`b. Qlxbk}x er`blna xbma|jnepx pxrknad| idmmp xbm cnmmpenh hrlymp blp+bmr o}xx }vqerhp$xben pdkqd| rmx}rnp xk xbm pxerx. ?*0 Pmxp ki 56 rmvp lp rm`kjjmnhmh.
Ila}rm 0
* Pxerxlna ln e bedi bkddkq+hlpb pbevm qlxb xbm erjpep ier oe`c ep xbm a|jnepx `enbenhdm$ xbm a|jnepx u}l`cd| enhplj}dxenmk}pd| hreqp xbm cnmmpxkqerhp blp `bmpx enh bm+pbmrme`bmp ikr xbm pbln enh dlixp xbmpbk}dhmrp xk jmmx xbm cnmmp lnhklna pk epp}jlna e x}`c vkplxlkn.Xbm a|jnepx xben u}l`cd| rmx}rnpxk xbm pxerlna vkplxlkn. Xbma|jnepx pbk}dh areo xbm jlhhdmki xbm pblnp kn me`b rmvmxlxlknenh ik`}p kn kvmnlna oe`c xk xbm`krrm`x pxerlna vkplxkn. ?*0 pmxpki 56 rmvp.
Ila}rm 8
* Xbm a|jnepx pxerxp lnen mxmnhmh vkplxlkn qlxb xbmlrblvp rmpxlna kn xbm oer$ enh xbm`ke`b bkdhlna knxk xbmlr encdmp.Kn xbm `ke`bmp jerc xbma|jnepxp idmmp blp+bmr cnmmp ekymr blp+bmr bmeh qbldmplj}dxenmk}pd| `knxre`xlna enhrk}nhlna xbrk}ab xbm `bmpx enh oe`c. Xbm `ke`b bmdvp qlxb xbmhlrm`xlkn ki xbm dmap enh bm+pbmj}px jelnxeln xbm vkplxlkn ki xbmencdmp ep ln xbm vl`x}rm "0, lnkrhmr xk xbm a|jnepx nkx xk iedd kii xbm oer. Xblp hrldd lp hknm ln pmxpki eok}x =*9$ qlxb mjvbeplp kn`krrm`x x}`clna jm`benl`p. Nkxm7Xbm `ke`b j}px `knpxenxd| bkdhxbm a|jnepx encdmp xk pm`}rmxbmj xkm oer .
Krlmnxexlkn
 Ex xbm pejm xljm xbex xbm a|jnepx lp qkrclna kn xbm okh| e`xlknp enh pbevmp xbm a|jnepx pbk}dh pxerx qkrclna kn oepl` krlmnxexlkn hrlddp "Xeodm ?,75* Xeodm hrkv lnxk xk º irknx x}`c xk oe`chrkv xk pxenh "knxrejvkdlnm, "Ila}rm =, ‐?* Irkj pxenhlna g}jv º irknx xk oe`chrkv xk immx "knxrejvkdlnm, "Ila}rm 9,0* Ikrqerh rkdd kii mdmyexmh p}rie`m xk denh "Ila}rm 1,
XEODM
?
* Krlmnxexlkn Mmr`lpmp
Ila}rm =
 
"eokym,
‐
Irkj e pjedd ok}n`m xbm a|jnepxp lnlxlexmp xbmrkxexlkn kn xbm xecm*kii xbrk}ab e pjedd bmmd hrlym enh nkx o| dmenlnaikrqerh"5*?,. Li xbm a|jnepx hkmp xbm bmmd hrlym kn xecm*kii xbm| qlddlnlxlexm xbm idlv ex qbl`b vklnx xbm| `en hrkv xbm erjp hkqn$ `knxre`xxbrk}ab xbm `bmpx enh idm xbm cnmmp xk `knxln}m xbm dma enh o}xx dlixdenhlna ln e xeodm hrkv "0*8,. Kn rmok}nh xbm a|jnepx hrlym xbm blvpenh dmap kymr blp+bmr bmeh$ qlxbk}x v}pblna ki xbm benhp enh idlvp kymrkn blp+bmr oe`c jelnxelnlna xbm `krrm`x x}`c vkplxlkn enh xben ok}n`mp}v xk pxenh pxldd jelnxelnlna xbm rk}nh oe`c vkplxlkn "=*1,. Xblp hrlddrmu}lrmp xbex xbm a|jnepx }nhmrpxenh xbm xeodm hrkv vkplxlkn. Lxxme`bmp xbmj xk pxe| rk}nh$ enh lnlxlexm xbm idlv irkj xbm dmap nkx xbmpbk}dhmrp.
Ila}rm 9
*
Xblp hrldd lp e vrkarmpplkn xk xbm hrldd pbkqn ln Ila}rm =.Xbm ik`}p ki xblp hrldd lp xk xme`b xbm a|jnepx xk xbm ljvkrxen`m ki i}dd| pxrmx`blna xbrk}ab xbm dmap kn xecm*kii. Xblp qldd vrkoeod| xecm xljm$enh qldd nmmh xk e jexxmr ki `knilhmn`m. Xbm `ke`b `en pdlhm ln e pkixjex edpk. Lx lp ljvkrxenx xbex xbm a|jnepx mxmnh xbrk}ab xbm dmap lnkrhmr xk lnlxlexm xbm rkxexlkn irkj xbm dmap. Qlxbk}x i}dd dma mxmnplknblab enh rkxexlkn lp `kjvrkjlpmh.
Ila}rm 1
‐ Xblp hrldd xme`bmpbmdvp xk xme`b xbm rkxexlkn lnxkdenhlna ep qmdd ep pvm`ledkrlmnxexlkn. Xbm cm| bmrm lp xkbmdv xbm a|jnepx hmymdkv xbm odlnh denhlna$ enh }nhmrpxenhbkq xk kvmn k}x ki xbm x}`c xkdenh. Xbm a|jnepx pbk}dh beym e`repb jex xk denh kn xk vrmymnxlng}r| enh mnp}rm e peim xrelnlnamnylrknjmnx. Xme`b xbm pvkxxlna
¬?662 Xbm A|j Vrmpp. Edd rlabxp rmpmrymh * ?9 *
 
Y. ]w}nky$ A|j @ke`b$ Ykd.? "?662, ?=*00 Jmxbkhkdkal`ed  Erxl`dm
 
`kjlna k}x ki xbm rkdd. Pbevmkn`m eaeln lp ylxed
 Vbepm ? ‐ Xbm xecm*kii enh Pkjmrpe}dx 
Xecm*kii 
Xblp vbepm `en om `knplhmrmh ep xbm jkpx `rlxl`ed$ enh xbmjkpx hliil`}dx xk jepxmr. Xbm p}``mpp ki xbm pkjmrpe}dx lpjkpxd| hmvmnhmnx kn xbm xecm*kii Xbm ilrpx pxmv xk dmernlna xbm xecm*kii `krrm`xd| lp xk qkrc kn pxrelabx g}jvp. Xbm }pm ki rmok}nh p}rie`mp lp lhmed exxbm pxerx$ dlcm e hk}odm jlnl$ e xrejvkdlnm$ x}jodm xre`c$ epvrlna okerh m`x$ mpvm`ledd| ilrpx pxeamp ki xblp vbepm. Xbma|jnepx pbk}dh elj xk om eodm xk hk e pxrelabx g}jvp knxke 96`j pxe`c ki jexp ki xbm pvrlnaokerh$ enh }v xk <6`jkii xbm hk}odm jlnl. Xblp bmdvp xk hmymdkv xbm a|jnepxxecm*kii enh pmx. Lx edpk mnp}rmp xbex xbm a|jnepx bepmnk}ab pvrlna ki xbm okerh xk p}``mppi}dd| peimd| vmrikrjxbm pkjmrpe}dx. Kn`m lp eodm xk e`blmym xblp$ xbm| peimd| ehhxbm pkjmrpe}dx kii xbmlr xecm*kii$ o}x lx qkn“x om nm`mpperld| ep akkh ep lx `k}dh+pbk}dh om. E`blmylna e 96`j pxrelabx g}px p}aampxp xbm vkxmnxled o}x hkmp nkx a}erenxmmljjmhlexm p}``mpp. E v}n`b*g}jv lnxk xbm pkjmrpe}dx lp vrmimrmh "erjp }vkymr xbm bmeh,$ kymr e _}pplen dlix. Mymn xbk}ab e _}pplendlix xm`bnl`ed `en om g}px ep miim`xlym ikr xbm plnadmpkjmrpe}dx "kn xbm idkkr nkx xbm pvrlnaokerh kr hk}odmjlnl,. Xbm hkqnieddp xk xbm _}pplen dlix xm`bnlu}m lp xbexrkxexlkn lp nkx kvxljlwmh$ xbm erj e`xlkn bep xk hmymdkvmhenh xe}abx$ mymnx}edd| xbm kymr erj xm`bnlu}m qldd nmmh xk om lnxrkh}`mh ikr `knpm`}xlym pkjmrpe}dxp$ enh lx hkmp nkx qkrc ikr pkjmrpe}dxp "irknx, k}x ki ok}nhlna pclddp p}`b epbenhpvrlnap$ id|pvlnap$ de|k}xp.Xbm b}rhdm lnxk xbm xecm*kii lp pljlder xk ye}dx$ ep ln xbm|  okxb erm hmvmnhmnx kn r}n*}v pvmmh$ dkna enh idex$ rexbmrxbmn blab enh pbkrx. Bkqmymr ln xbm pkjmrpe}dx xbm xecm*kii bep xk om jkrm }vrlabx$ xben kn ye}dx$ ep bmlabx bep xk om jeljlwmh ep kvvkpmh xk rkxexlkn$ mpvm`ledd| ikr plnadmpkjmrpe}dxp. Ik`}p pbk}dh om hlrm`xmh kn xbm b}rhdm$ mnxr| enh xecm*kii h}rlna edd pxeam ki xrelnlna. Kn`m eaeln xbmrmehmr lp rmjelnmh xbex xbm p}``mpp ki xbm pkjmrpe}dx qldd om deramd| hmvmnhmnx kn xbm h|nejl`p enh jm`benl`p ki xbm xecm*kii.
Xbm Pkjmrpe}dx 
Kn`m xbm a|jnepx bep }nhmrpxkkh bkq xk lnlxlexm rkxexlknenh lp `eveodm ki xbm e akkh xecm*kii irkj xbm pvrlnaokerh$xbm xqk e`xlknp `en om `kjolnmh$ xk vmrikrj xbm i}ddpkjmrpe}dx ki kii xbm hk}odm jlnl kr xrejv enh kii epvrlnaokerh. Ex xblp pxeam lx lp ljvkrxenx xk `knxln}m qlxbxbm pbevlna hrlddp. Xbm jeln ikrj ki krlmnxexlkn xrelnlna lpnkq hmymdkvmh o| hklna xbm pkjmrpe}dxp pvkxxmh enhlnhmvmnhmnxd|.Lxp vrmimreodm xk pvkx xbm a|jnepx kn rmok}nh p}rie`mpirkj knd| 5 g}jv+bkv xk v}n`b irknx knxk e dmymdmhdenhlna p}rie`m. Xblp ikr`mp xbm a|jnepx xk beym qkrc ki xm`bnlu}m rexbmr beym xbm jkjmnx}j xk `err| xbmj kymr.Pkjmrpe}dxp pbk}dh nmymr om qkrcmh hkqn bldd "pk xbexxbex xbm denhlna p}rie`m lp dkqmr xbmn xbm xecm*kii p}rie`m.Omxxmr ikr xbm a|jnepx xkk cmmv denhlna kn xbmlr o}xx kn edmymdmh p}rie`m xben xk xbmlr immx kn xbm dkqmr p}rie`m.Kn`m xbm `ke`b lp `knilhmnx xbm a|jnepx lp peim xk vmrikrjxbm pkjmrpe}dx kn xbmlr kqn xbm| `en pxmv eqe|$ kr pdkqd| enh areh}edd| rmh}`m xbm pvkx }nxld xbm `ke`b lp knd| pbehkq pvkxxlna. Ex xblp pxeam jkpx a|jnepxp qldd vrkoeod| pxldd nkx om eodm xk vmrikrj e vmrim`x pkjmrpe}dx$ ep xbm|  qldd nmmh xk ak xbrk}ab e `knilhmn`m hmymdkvlna vmrlkh$ qbmrm xm`bnlu}m lp nkx xbm hkjlnenx ik`}p$ bkqmymr xbmxrenplxlkn hkmp ljvrkym ymr| u}l`cd| ep xbm| amx `knilhmnx.Kn`m xbm a|jnepx lp vrkil`lmnx ex hklna xbm pkjmrpe}dx knxbm relpmh p}rie`m kii e xrejvkdlnm kr hk}odm jlnl$ xbm| `enpxerx hklna lx kii e pvrlnaokerh. Xbm hrldd ki `bkl`m xk qkrc xbm pkjmrpe}dx ki xbm pvrlnaokerh lp e pljvdm b}rhdm ki okxkv "kr en| mdmyexmh p}rie`m, xk xbm pvrlnaokerh lnxk eirknx x}`c knxk e 96`j jex. Xbm `ke`b pbk}dh lnlxledd| pvkx ikr xbm a|jnepx xk hmymdkv xbm `knilhmn`m eaeln$ o}xkn`m eaeln pbk}dh elj xk jkym eqe| qbmn xbm a|jnepx lppeim.Xbm dma vkqmr enh xecm*kii jm`benl`p qldd om xbm jelnie`xkr xk xbmlr p}``mpp. Xbm| nmmh xk dmern xbm `krrm`x gklnxenh j}p`}der e`xlyexlkn vexxmrnp kn e xecm*kii "mvdelnmhln jkrm hmxeld ln hlp`}pplkn,. Xbm| j}px dmern xk immd e`kjvdmxm pxrmx`b kn xbmlr xecm*kii$ enh nkx xk r}pb lnxk epkjmrpe}dx. Xblp lp xbm jkpx `kjjkn mrrkr$ xbex jegkrlx| ki a|jnepx qldd hk. Xbm dmnaxb ki xljm hmykxmh xk xblp pxeamhmvmnhp kn xbm lnhlylh}ed a|jnepx. Vkqmri}d$ enh qmddkrlmnxexmh a|jnepx qldd u}l`cd| ehyen`m xk hklna xblp hrlddp}``mppi}dd|$ pdkqmr$ enh dmpp qmdd `kkrhlnexmh a|jnepx qldd pvmnh dknamr. Hk nkx r}pb xk xecm xbm pkjmrpe}dx xk xbmidkkr$ ki ep e `ke`b |k} rlpc rmarmpplkn ln vrkarmpp$ enhlng}rlmp.
Xeclna lx xk xbm idkkr 
Kn`m xbm a|jnepx lp vrkil`lmnx ex hklna xbm pkjmrpe}dx kii xbm pvrlna okerh xk en mdmyexmh p}rie`m lx lp peim xklnxrkh}`m xbm pkjmrpe}dx kn xbm idkkr. Ex xblp vklnx xbmvb|pl`ed vrmverexlkn ki xbm a|jnepx qldd om xbm cm| hmxmrjlnenx xk bkq u}l`cd| xbm a|jnepx `en xrenpimr xbmpcldd xk xbm idkkr. Xbm j}p`dm e`xlyexlkn xljlnap$ enh vkqmrnmmhmh xk hk xbm pkjmrpe}dx kii xbm idkkr lp hliimrmnx xk xbmpvrlnaokerh pk xrenpimr ki xbm pcldd je| nkx om ljjmhlexm$bkqmymr lx qkn“x xecm ymr| dkna.Pljlder hrlddp hknm merdlmr ln xbm xrelnlna `en om }pmh xkxreln xbm xrenpimr ki xbm pkjmrpe}dx irkj xbm pvrlnaokerh
¬?662 Xbm A|j Vrmpp. Edd rlabxp rmpmrymh * ?1 *
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