COMBINING LEVEL- 1 ,2 & 3 CLASSIFIERS FORFINGERPRINT RECOGNITION SYSTEM
Dr.R.Seshadri ,B.Tech,M.E,Ph.DDirector, S.V.U.Computer CenterS.V.University, TirupatiE-mail : ravalaseshadri@gmail.comYaswanth Kumar.Avulapati,M.C.A,M.Tech,(Ph.D)Research Scholar, Dept of Computer ScienceS.V.University, TirupatiE-mail:yaswanthkumar_1817@yahoo.co.in
Abstract
Biometrics is the science of establishing the identity of an person basedon their physical, chemical and behavioralcharacteristics of the person. Fingerprints arethe most widely used biometric feature forperson identification and verification in thefield of biometric identification .A fingerprint is the representation of the epidermis of a finger. It consists of a pattern of interleavedridges and valleys.Fingerprints are graphical flow-likeridges present on human fingers. They arefully formed at about seven months of fetusdevelopment and finger ridge configurationsdo not change throughout the life of anindividual except due to accidents such asbruises and cuts on the fingertips.This property makes fingerprints avery attractive biometric identifier. Now aday’s fingerprints are widely used amongdifferent biometrics technologies. In thispaper we proposed an approach toclassifying the fingerprints into differentgroups. These fingerprints classifiers arecombined together for recognizing the peoplein an effective way.
Keywords
-Biometrics, Classifier,Level-1,Level-2 features,Level-3 features
Introduction
A fingerprint is a pattern of ridges andvalleys located on the tip of each finger.Fingerprints were used for personalidentification for many centuries and thematching accuracy was very high. Humanfingerprint recognition has a tremendouspotential in a wide variety of forensic,commercial and law enforcementapplications.Fingerprints are broadly classified intothree levels they are Level-1 which includesarch,tentarch, loop, double Loop, pockedLoop, whorl ,mixed, left-loop, right-loop theLevel-2 includes the minutiae and Level 3includes pores etc.There are so many approaches arethere for recognizing the fingerprints amongthese correlation based, minutiae based, ridgefeature based are most popular ones.Several biometrics systems have beensuccessfully developed and installed. However some methods do not perform well inmany real-world situations due to its noise.
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 8, No. 7, October 2010128http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
Fingerprint Classifier
Here we proposed a fingerprint classifierframework. A combination scheme involvingdifferent fingerprint classifiers whichintegrates vital information is likely toimprove the overall system performance.The fingerprint classifier combination can beimplemented at two levels feature level anddecision level. We use the decision levelcombination that is more appropriate whenthe component classifiers use different typesof features. Kittler provides a theoreticalframework to combine various classifiers atthe decision level. Many practicalapplications of combining multiple classifiershave been developed. Brunelli and Falavignapresented a person identification system bycombining outputs from classifiers based onAudio and visual.Here the combination approach is designed atthe decision level utilizing all the availableinformation, i.e. a subset of (Fingerprint)labels along with a confidence value, calledthe matching score provided by each of thenine finger print recognition method.
Classification of Fingerprint(Level-1,Level -2 & Level-3) Features
Level 1 features describe the ridgeflow pattern of a fingerprint. According tothe Henry classification system there areeight major pattern classes, comprised of whorl, left loop, right loop, twin loop, arch,tented arch. as shown in the figure 1.,
Fig 1. Fingerprint Level 1 Features
Level 2 features describe various ridgepath deviations where single or multipleridges form abrupt stops, splits, spursbifurcation Composite minutiae (i.e., forks,spurs, bridges, crossovers and bifur-cations)can all be considered as combinations of these basic forms enclosures, etc. Thesefeatures, known as the Galton points orminutiae, have two basic forms: ridge endingand ridge as shown in fig 2.
Fig 2. Fingerprint Level 2 Features
Level 3 features refer to alldimensional attributes of a ridge, such asridge path deviation, width, shape, pores,edge contour, incipient ridges, breaks,creases, scars and other permanent details asshown in fig 3.
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 8, No. 7, October 2010129http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
Fig 3. Fingerprint Level 3 FeaturesClassifier Combination System
We proposed a classifier combinationshown in the Fig .Here currently we use onlynine classifiers for level-1 features of fingerprints namely arch,tentarch, loop,double Loop, pocked Loop, whorl ,mixed,left-loop, right-loopFor Finger print level-2 featuresnamely right-loop various ridge pathdeviations where single or multiple ridgesform abrupt stops, splits, spurs bifurcationComposite minutiae (i.e., forks, spurs,bridges, crossovers and bifurcationsFor Level-3 features namely deviation,width, shape, pores, edge contour, incipientridges, breaks, creases, scarsFollowing two strategies are providedfor integrating outputs of individualclassifiers, (i) the sum rule, and (ii) a RBFnetwork as a classifier, using matching scoresas the input feature vectors as shown in fig 4.FingerprintTraining Fingerprint
Fig 4.Fingerprint Classifier CombinationSystemCombination Strategy
Kittler analyzed several classifiercombination rules and concluded that thesum rule as shown in the given belowoutperforms other combination schemesbased on empirical observations.Unlike explicitly setting upcombination rules, it is possible to design anew classifier using the outputs of individualclassifiers as features to this new classifier.Here we assume the RBF network as anew classifier. Given
m
templates in thetraining set,
m
matching scores will be outputfor each test image from each classifier.We consider the following two integrationstrategiesLevel -1Level -2Level-3Features of finger prints
MatchingFinal Out PutFinal Out Put
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 8, No. 7, October 2010130http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
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Combining Level- 1 ,2 & 3 Classifiers For Fingerprint Recognition System
Biometrics is the science of establishing the identity of an person based on their physical, chemical and behavioral characteristics of the person. Fingerprints are the most widely used biometric feature for person identification and verification in…
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