Lecture 2

BASIC INSTRUCTIONS

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 MOV instruction

• Is used to transfer data :

– between registers,
– between a register & a memory location.
Or
– To move a number directly into a register or
memory location.
• Syntax
MOV destination , source

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Examples:
MOV AX , WORD1
MOV AX , BX
MOV AH , ‘A’

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 XCHG instruction

• (Exchange) operation is used to exchange

the contents of

– two registers, or
– a register and a memory location
– Syntax
XCHG destination , source

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Examples:
XCHG AH , BL
XCHG AX , WORD1

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 Restrictions on MOV & XCHG
MOV Destination Operand
Source General Segment Memory Constant
Operand Register Register Location
General
Register yes yes yes no
Segment
Register yes no yes no
Memory
Location yes yes no no
Constant yes no yes no

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Restrictions on MOV & XCHG
XCHG Destination Operand
Source General Memory
Operand Register Location

General
Register yes yes

Memory
Location yes no

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 ADD & SUB

• Are used to add & subtract the contents of

– two registers,
– a register & memory location , or
– add ( subtract ) a number to ( from ) a register or a
memory location.
– Syntax
ADD destination , source

SUB destination , source

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 Example

Examples
ADD WORD1 , AX
SUB AX , DX
ADD BL , 5

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 Legal combinations of operands for
ADD & SUB

Destination operand
Source Operand General Register Memory location

General Register yes yes

Memory location yes no

Constant yes yes

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 INC ( increment )
&DEC ( decrement )

INC: Is used to add 1 to the contents of

a
• Register or
• Memory location
DEC: Is used to subtract 1 from the
contents of a
• Register or
• Memory location
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Syntax
INC destination
DEC destination

Examples:
INC WORD1
DEC BYTE1

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 NEG

• Is used to negate the contents of the destination.

The destination may be a

register or
memory location.

• It does this by replacing the contents by its

two’s complement.

• Syntax
NEG destination

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 Translation of HLL to
Assembly Language

Statement Translation

A = 5–A MOV AX , 5 ; put 5 in AX

SUB AX , A ; AX…. 5 – A
MOV A , AX ; put it in A

There is another shorter way :

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 NEG A ; A = -A

ADD A , 5 ;A = 5 - A

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 Translation of HLL to
Assembly Language

Statement Translation

A= B–2*A MOV AX , B ; AX has B

SUB AX , A ; AX has B – A
SUB AX , A ; AX has B – 2 * A
MOV A , AX ; move results to B

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