Oracle Administration and

Monitoring Tools for Windows

Administering and Monitoring Oracle

with Windows Tools
Objectives
At the end of this module the student will understand the following
tasks and concepts.
 Oracle GUI Administration Tools
 Oracle Services Configuration
 Event Viewer
 Task Manager
 Oracle Administration Assistant for Windows
 Windows Performance Monitor
 Oracle Counters for Windows Performance Monitor
 Oracle Command Line Administration Tools
 Using SQLPlus for Administration
 The ORADIM utility
 Creating password files with orapwd
 The ORADEBUG Utility
 STATSPACK
 Automatic Workload Repository Reports (10g)
 Oracle Web Tools
 Managing Oracle with Oracle 10g Grid Control
Managing Oracle Services
 Oracle Services can be
accessed by Control
Panel -> Administrative
Tools -> Services
 You can start, stop,
pause and restart an
Oracle Service.
 Services can also be
enabled or disabled.
 It is also possible to run
a custom program upon
a Service failure event.
Viewing Oracle Events
 Oracle Events can be
viewed through the
Application Event Viewer.
 The Event Viewer can be
accessed by Control Panel
-> Administrative Tools ->
Event Viewer
 Choose Application from
the Log menu.
 Oracle 10g problems and
other significant events are
recorded here.
 A “drill-down” description
of each event is available
by double-clicking an
individual event.
The Task Manager Tool
 The Task Manager Tool displays:
 High-level summary of the concurrent applications and processes running
 Information about process state
 Graphical summary of CPU usage
 Graphical summary of memory usage
 Information about OS users
 Task Manager can be used to change the priority of a process.
 The Task Manager can be launched two ways:
 Hit control-alt-escape
 Right-click on the task bar at the bottom of the screen
 The Performance tab contains useful information that directly impacts
Oracle performance
The Task Manager Tool – Oracle
Performance
 CPU Usage, as well as Memory and
Page File Usage can be monitored
with the Performance tab
 Both CPU Usage and Memory and
Page File Usage are critical for
Oracle performance
 CPU Usage should be consistently
high, but not maxed out
 You should not consistently see
higher memory usage than the
physical RAM
 Neither should you see high Page
File Usage or a steadily climbing rate
of Page File Usage
The System Monitor
 Launching Perfmon
 Start  Programs  Administrative Tools  Performance
System Performance Monitor

 Performance Objects
 Counters
 Explain Text
Performance Logs and Alerts
 Right click on Counter
Logs, Trace Logs, or alerts
to set up
 Alerts require you to set
limits for counter values
 Creating a performance log
file with System Monitor
 Comma-separated format or
tab-separated format
 Use meaningful collection
intervals (> 1 minute)
Administration Assistant for
Windows
 Startup from Start -> Oracle
-Orahome92 ->
Configuration and
Migration Tools ->
Administration Assistant for
Windows
 Maneuver to the Database
object
 Right click to login
 You can now startup and
shutdown Oracle, as well as
several other administrative
functions.
 Right click and choose
Process Information
 This gives you a way to kill
Oracle threads, if
necessary.
Oracle Counters for Windows
Performance Monitor
 To initially configure the
Oracle Counters for
Windows Performance
Monitor, open a command
line window
 Enter the following:
OPerfCfg –U system –P
{password} –D {SID}
 The registry entries for the
Performance Monitor are
now set.
 Note: Oracle Counters for
Performance Monitor is
sensitive to Oracle Net
settings, which must be
correct
Oracle Counters for Windows
Performance Monitor
 Oracle Counters for
Windows Performance
Manager is available as a
stand-alone application, or
as add-in performance
counters to Perfmon
 Startup from Start -> Oracle
-Orahome92 ->
Configuration and
Migration Tools -> Oracle
Counters for Windows
Performance Monitor
 By default, two Oracle
counters for Sorts are
displayed.
Oracle Counters for Windows
Performance Monitor
 To display alternate counters, right-
click in the window and choose
Properties
 Click on the Performance Object
menu. A list of Oracle counters is
displayed.
 Use the Add and Remove buttons to
modify the display.
 For example, to monitor database I/O,
add the following counters:
 physreads/sec
 physwrites/sec
Managing Oracle with SQL Plus

 Startup SQL Plus from Start

-> Oracle -Orahome92 ->
Application Development ->
SQL Plus
 Log in as the SYSTEM user.
 You can then use
connect / as sysdba
to login with full privileges
(on the console)
 You can now startup and
shutdown Oracle, as well as
any other administrative
function.
The ORADIM Utility
 The ORADIM utility is a command line tool that can be used
to manually create, delete or modify databases
 To get help, enter
oradim -? | -H | -HELP
 To create an instance called PROD, for example, you could
enter:
C:\> oradim -NEW -SID prod -INTPWD mypassword1
-STARTMODE auto -PFILE C:\oracle\admin\prod\pfile\init.ora
 To start an instance called PROD, for example, you could
enter:
C:\> oradim -STARTUP -SID prod -STARTTYPE inst -PFILE
C:\oracle\admin\prod\pfile\init.ora
The ORADIM Utility
 To stop an instance called PROD, for example, you could
enter:
C:\> oradim -SHUTDOWN -SID prod -SHUTTYPE srvc, inst
 To change an instance name from prod to lynx, set a new
instance password mycat123, and specify a new initialization
parameter file, for example, you could enter:
C:\> oradim -EDIT -SID prod -NEWSID lynx -INTPWD mycat123
-STARTMODE a –PFILE C:\oracle\admin\lynx\pfile\init.ora
 To delete an instance called prod, for example, you might
enter:
C:\> oradim -DELETE -SID prod
Creating an Oracle Password File

 To establish a secure local logon user and password, you

need to create a password file
 It can also be used for remote access to the database for
selected users
 To start, open a command line session and
cd C:\oracle\ora92\dbs
 Enter the following:
orapwd file=ORACLE_SIDpwd password={your password}
entries=5 (the maximum number of open admin
connections)
 A password file is now created
The Oracle ORADEBUG Utility
 The ORADEBUG utility is a debugging tool that
sends debug commands through SQL*Plus to an
Oracle process.
 To start the ORADEBUG utility:
 Start SQL*Plus from the command prompt:
C:\> sqlplus / NOLOG
 Connect to Oracle9i database as SYSDBA:
SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
 Enter the following at the SQL*Plus prompt:
SQL> ORADEBUG ORADEBUG
 The utility runs and prompts you for parameters.
The Oracle ORADEBUG Utility
 To obtain a list of ORADEBUG parameters, enter the
following:
SQL> ORADEBUG HELP
 Output from most debug commands is written to trace files in
the BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST and
USER_DUMP_DEST directories.
 To find the location of your trace file, enter the following at
the SQL*Plus prompt:
SQL> ORADEBUG TRACEFILE_NAME
 If output is more than one line, then the result is sent to a trace file.
 If a debug command produces only one line of output, then the output
is relayed directly to SQL*Plus.
Statspack
 Standard Performance Package
 Similar to original BSTAT/ESTAT
 Install
@?\rdbms\admin\spcreate
 Run
SQL> CONNECT perfstat/perfstat
SQL> EXECUTE statspack.snap;
 Create the report with
@spreport
 Tell it which snapshots to use.
 A report is created.
 Report contains a wealth of diagnostic information
and predictive tools
Statspack Output Summary
 Statspack is divided into several sections including:
 Summary information
 RAC statistics (if applicable)
 Wait events
 Top resource consumers
 Instance activity
 Cache statistics
 Rollback and Undo statistics
 SGA and Shared Pool statistics
 Initialization parameters
Automatic Workload Repository
Features
 Statspack on Steroids (10g only)
 Collects stats every 60 minutes
 Kept for a week then purged
 A collection of performance stats
 A new background process MMON
 Resides in new sysaux tablespace
Automatic Workload Repository
Reports
 Two reports provided by Oracle
 awrrpt.sql
 awrrpti.sql
 Similar to Statspack report
 Reports can be generated with scripts or
through a GUI interface
 Optional HTML or plain text formats
Administering Oracle and Monitoring
Performance with Oracle 10g Grid Control
 Oracle Grid Control is the enhanced
version of OEM that is installed
with Oracle 10g
 Requires a central Management
Repository and Agents on each
database server
 Enhancements for managing and
deploying RAC nodes and
application grid nodes
 Significant improvements in
automatic performance monitoring
and analysis
 Central interface for administering
and monitoring Oracle 10g
 Perform all Administration tasks
 Contains a variety of Advisors for
improving performance
Oracle Grid Control Performance Page
 The database
Performance page
gives a quick look at
performance trends
 Host CPU
 Average Active
Sessions
 Instance Disk I/O
 Instance Throughput
AWR Reports
 To create an AWR report:
 On the Database Administration page, select the Automatic
Workload Repository link under Statistics Management. The
Automatic Workload Repository page appears.
 Under Manage Snapshots and Preserved Snapshot Sets, click
Snapshots link. The Snapshots page appears.
 Under Select Beginning Snapshot, select the start point for the range
of snapshots that will be included in the report.
 From the Actions pull-down menu, select View Report and click
Go. The View Report page appears.
 Under Select Ending Snapshot, select the end point for the range of
snapshots and click OK. The Processing: View Report page appears
while the report is being generated.
 Once completed, the Snapshot Details page appears and the
report will be displayed.
 To save the report as an HTML file, click Save to File.
AWR Reports
Using the Segment Space Advisor
 The Oracle 10g Segment Advisor helps you determine
whether an object has space available for reclamation.
 Available in 10g OEM or Grid Control
 The Segment Advisor can generate advice at three levels:
 Object level - advice is generated for the entire object, such as a table.
Advice does not cascade to dependent objects.
 Segment level, - advice is generated for a single segment, such as
unpartitioned table, a partition or subpartition of a partitioned table, or
an index or LOB column.
 Tablespace level - advice is generated for every segment in the
tablespace.
Using the Segment Space Advisor
Using the Segment Space Advisor
SQL Tuning Advisor
 10g Oracle Enterprise Manager (DB Console, Grid
Control) offers the SQL Tuning Advisor as a SQL
statement tuning tool.
 Accessed from Advisor Central
 Select one or more SQL statements, or generate an SQL
Tuning Set
 View automatically generated Recommendations
 View Explain Plan output
SQL Tuning Advisor Recommendations
SQL Tuning Advisor Explain Plan
Using the SQLAccess Advisor
 The SQLAccess Advisor provides an alternative to manually
determining which indexes are required.
 The SQLAccess advisor may be invoked from Advisor
Central in OEM or run with the procedures in the
DBMS_ADVISOR package.
 For a chosen schema, the SQLAccess Advisor either
recommends using a workload or it can generate a
hypothetical workload.
 Given a workload, the SQLAccess Advisor generates a set of
recommendations from which you can select indexes to be
implemented.
 SQLAccess Advisor generates an implementation script that
can be executed manually or through OEM.
Using the SQLAccess Advisor
 The SQLAccess Advisor provides an alternative to manually
determining which indexes are required.
 The SQLAccess advisor may be invoked from Advisor
Central in OEM or run with the procedures in the
DBMS_ADVISOR package.
 For a chosen schema, the SQLAccess Advisor either
recommends using a workload or it can generate a
hypothetical workload.
 Given a workload, the SQLAccess Advisor generates a set of
recommendations from which you can select indexes to be
implemented.
 SQLAccess Advisor generates an implementation script that
can be executed manually or through OEM.
Using the SQLAccess Advisor
Automatic Database Diagnostic
Monitor
 ADDM considers the following to make
performance tuning recommendations:
 CPU bottlenecks
 Undersized Memory Structures
 I/O capacity issues
 High load SQL statements
 High load PL/SQL execution and compilation
 High load Java usage
 RAC specific issues:
 Global cache hot blocks and objects
 Iinterconnect latency issues
Automatic Database Diagnostic
Monitor (cont.)
 ADDM considers the following to make
recommendations:
 Sub-optimal use of Oracle by the application:
 Poor connection management
 Excessive parsing
 Application level lock contention
 Database configuration issues:
 Incorrect sizing of log files
 Archiving issues, excessive checkpoints
 Sub-optimal parameter settings
 Concurrency issues - Are there buffer busy problems?
 Hot objects and top SQL for various problem areas
ADDM Recommended Solutions
 Hardware changes
 Adding CPUs
 Changing the I/O subsystem configuration
 Database configuration
 Changing initialization parameter settings
 Schema changes
 Hash partitioning a table or index
 Using automatic segment-space management (ASSM)
 Application changes
 Using the cache option for sequences
 Using bind variables
 Using other advisors
 Running the SQL Tuning Advisor on high load SQL
 Running the Segment Advisor on hot objects
Viewing Current ADDM
Findings
 You can view ADDM findings based on the
latest analysis period within OEM
 Go to the Database Home page
 View the Diagnostic Summary to see a list of
ADDM findings
 Click on a finding link to see details
ADDM Findings in OEM
Running ADDM Manually
 From the Database Home page
 Under Related Links, click the Advisor Central link
 On the ADDM page, under Advisors, click the ADDM
link
 Select Run ADDM to analyze past instance
performance
 Choose the Period Start Time (choose starting snapshot)
 Choose the Period End Time (default is last snapshot)
 Click OK to start analysis
Running ADDM in OEM
 Scheduling Jobs in Oracle 10g
 Oracle 10g contains a new
Scheduler for scheduling and
tracking jobs.
 One way to access the Scheduler is
through the Grid Control Job
Activity page. From this page you
can:
 Search for existing job runs and job
executions
 Restrict the search by name, owner,
status, scheduled start, job type,
target type, and target name.
 Create a job
 View, edit, create like, suspend,
resume, stop, and delete a run
 View, edit, create like, suspend,
resume, retry, stop, and delete an
execution
 RAC Cluster Cache Coherency
 Heavy concurrent read and
write activity on shared data
in a cluster can cause
performance problems.
 The Cluster Cache
Coherency page enables you
to
 View cache coherency
metrics for the entire cluster
database
 Identify processing trends
 Optimize performance for
your Real Application
Clusters environment
Cluster Interconnects
 The Cluster Interconnects page
enables you to view the current
state of interfaces on hosts
 You can use this page to
 Monitor the interconnect
interfaces
 Determine configuration issues
 Identify transfer rate-related
issues, such as excess traffic.
 This page helps determine the
load added by individual
instances and databases on the
interconnect.
 Sometimes, you can
immediately identify
interconnect delays due to
applications outside the Oracle
Database.
Conclusions
 Oracle GUI Administration Tools
 Oracle Services Configuration
 Event Viewer
 Oracle Administration Assistant for Windows
 Windows Performance Monitor
 Oracle for Windows Performance Monitor
 Oracle Command Line Administration Tools
 Using SQLPlus for Administration
 The oradim utility
 Creating password files with orapwd
 The ORADEBUG Utility
 Statspack
 AWR
 Oracle Web Tools
 Managing Oracle with Oracle 10g Grid Control
Review
 How could you customize an Oracle Service?
 What command is used to create an Oracle
password file?
 How must you log in to SQLPlus in order to stop
and start the database?
 Where can you go if you need to kill Oracle
threads?
 What Advisors can you launch from Oracle Grid
Control to help monitor performance?
Summary
In this training module the following tasks and
concepts were covered:
 Managing Oracle Services on Windows
 Creating a password file with orapwd
 Managing a database with SQLPlus
 Managing a database with Administration
Assistant for NT
 Managing and Monitoring a database with Oracle
Enterprise Manager