A turn in Fortune

How were the early years of war?

• The South, although outnumbered, was
fairing strongly against the North
• Confederate victories at Fredericksburg
and Chancellorsville gave the south hope
of ultimate victory
• Lee decided in 1863 to move into the
North. This allowed him to feed and
clothe confederate soldiers and put
preassure on the north
What was the Battle of Gettysburg?
• July 1-3, 1863
• This battle was the turning point of the war
• Robert E. Lee wanted this to be the last
battle
• Lee attempted to outflank the Northern
position on the 2nd day but the line was
held by Joshua L. Chamberlain of the 20th
Maine
• The
wheat
field
• Dead
confederate
s at
McPherson'
s Ridge
• Dead at little
round top
• Dead
confederate
sniper posed at
Devil’s Den.
Devil’s Den is
right across
from Little round
top
What was the Battle of Gettysburg?
• On the 3rd and last day, Lee ordered
12,000 Confederate soldiers to charge the
middle line
• Picket’s Charge
• The South was destroyed
• In November of 1863, There was a
ceremony to honor the dead at Gettysburg
“Gettysburg Address”
 Grant to Sheridan:
“Leave nothing to invite the enemy to return.
Destroy whatever cannot be consumed.
Let the valley be left so that crows flying
over it will have to carry their rations along
with them.”
 What was Total War?
• Commanding General U.S. Grant wanted
to end the war quickly
• He ordered Sheridan to destroy the
Shenandoah valley
• He ordered Sherman to capture Atlanta
and then march all the way to the coast
• This type of combat was new, horrible,
and destructive
• Terrorized the confederate citizens
• Destruction in
Savannah,
GA
What was the new Confederate War
Plan?
• Confederates now hope to prolong the
war to make it costly for the North and
force a stalemate.
 What was the final stand?
■ First Lee leaves Petersburg in an effort to
draw Grant into an open field battle.
■ Grant does not take the bait, even though
he outnumbers Lee 5 to 1.
■ Lee trapped at Appomattox, VA
 You set the terms!
• For this activity, work with a partner.
Pretend that you are Union General US
Grant and you have received the
surrender of Robert E. Lee. Write out the
“terms of surrender”. That is, what must
the confederate army do, in order for you
to accept their surrender.
• Notebook paper
How did Lee surrender at Appomattox?
■ Surrender all arms except for
officer’s revolvers and swords.
■ Confederates can keep their
privately owned horses.
■ Take an oath to the Union.
 What happened on April 14, 1865?
• Pro-confederate actor John Wilkes
Booth assassinates President Lincoln.
What were some legal results of the Civil
War?
 Thirteenth Amendment (1865):
Prohibits slavery.
 Fourteenth Amendment (1868): Makes
the Bill of Rights also apply to state
governments.
 Fifteenth Amendment (1870): Voting
cannot be deprived based on race or
previous servitude.