August 11 2010 article

Hyewon Jang

EMERGENCE OF A NEW ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE MECHANISM IN

INDIA, PAKISTAN, AND THE UK: A MOLECULAR, BIOLOGICAL, AND
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY
Taking into account…
 GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA=multidrug
resistant, therefore they’re a greater risk

 ESBL:extended spectrum beta lactamase, the so

called “origin” of the resistance to antibiotics

 CTX-M-15: globally dominant ESBL

 NDM-1: subject in discussion in this issue that

originated from CTX-M-15 in chromosomes that
jumped to plasmids
 The CTX-M-15 made carbapenems (reserved antibiotic)
necesary.

 In existance there are only few more reserved antibiotics,

exempting carbapenems

 Recently discovered a gene (blaNDM-1) that is even

resistant to this antibiotic. Swiss

 Identified 44 isolates with NDM-1 in Chennai, 26 in Haryana,

37 in the UK, and 73 in other sites in India and Pakistan.

 NDM-1 was mostly found among Escherichia coli (36) and

Klebsiella pneumoniae (111)
In china
 National resistance alert call level 3

 Increase of non-prescription use of

antibiotic

 Concern: since there are so few

antibiotics that could be possibly used
against gram negative bacteria, this
causes for the “alternatives” to decrease.
In UK
 First western country to register the
widespread presence on NDM-1positive
bacteria

In swiss
• First to isolate