Vl3BoCTJ15I

HA

6bnrAPCK~O APXEOnOr~4ECKO npYmECTBO

VII 1919-.1920

Cl. 119 06pa3a In. TeKCTa h 3 Ta6nHUH

BULLETIN

DR LA

SOCIETE ARCHEOLOGIQUE BULOARE

VII 1919-1920

aYe( 119 fll'u~ dans Ie texte et 3 planche •

•

C04>HjI - SOPIA

1920

vt3BoCTvt5I

HA

EbJlr APCKOTO APXE0J10fVl4ECKO llPY)f(ECTBO

VII 1919-1920

CD 119 06paaa B'b TeKCTa " 3 T36J1HUH

BULLETIN

DE LA

SOCIETE ARCHEOLOGIQUE BULGARE

VII 1919-1920

avec 119 figures dans Ie texte et 3 planches

CO<l>H5,I - SOFIA

nPHAROPHA nEIiATHHLlA, A 1<1,{, ,Il .. BO - IMPRIMERIE DE LA COU., 1I0C'!Tt PAR ACTIOHS

1920

Cb,ll.b pxca H He

CTp.

KallapOa"h, r. H. AHrH'!HH naMeTHHUH H31> Bsnrapaa ('1eTB1>pTa CTaTHSI) 1

MYTaclJiulea"h, n. H fOCDOAHHOB'b, 10. Basanaxara npa L(06aH'b nepe, ECKH-

ll>KYMaltcKo 15

606'1eB'b, C. H. llBt cTapHHHH U'bpKBH B1> OKOJlHOCTbTa ua rp. CtP1> • 38

JlPOHIIHJlOB"h, K. L(epena OT1> CTapoxpHCTHSlHCKa rporiaaua B'b COCPHSI (C1>

Ta6J1. I .. II) 58

HBaHOa"h, it KIOCTeH.llIfJlCKHSlT1> XHCapJl1>K1> H aeroaars CTapaHH (CD Ta6J1. III) 66

MYWMOB'b, H. A. HOBH 6'bJlrapCKH MOHeTH C1> KOHHaUH 124

ApXeOJlOrH'IeCKH B1IcrH. - EbnrapcKoTo Apxeonoraseceo )1PYlKecTBo. - <l>pecKHT-t Bb

irspssara CB. I'eoprn Bb CO!j>H.r (E. <1» - Bosacxara uspsea (E. <1» - CrapHHHTt OTb nOraHOBCKHSI MOHaCTHpb (0. <1>.) - Pa3KonKH B'b T'bPHOBO

. (5. <1>.) - Pa3KonKH Bb Mecexepaa (E. <1>.) - Pa3KonKH npa Baroaauie H nOn'IHWe, MOPHXOBCKO (0. <1>.) - ApXeOIJOrH'IeSKH 6-tn-tlKKH aa c. Fepea's, nJlOB.llHBCKO (VIB. Beaxoss). - HaXO.llKH B'b MeceMBpHIi (liB. BenKOBb). - Enaa aaxoasa aa BH3aHTHAcKH MOHeTH (H. MYWMOBb) - .uy6pOBHHWKH H BeHeUHaHCKH HaXO.llKH Bb llIYMeHb (VIB. MO.1J10Bb). - Haarpooea's nannac» OTb Ap6aHacH (Il. 4HneB'b). - AHTH'IHH HaXO.llKH on Fioeureso (M. Epb'lKOBa). - M-tcTolIonolKeHHeTo Ha rp. VlCTPOCb (>K. Paaean). - Apxeoaora'1eCKH OTKpHTHlI Bb MaKe.llOHHII (E. <P.) - Ba3H OTb Illanaa-nepe ~f. H. Kanapoas). - CTapH rpamnna H p33BanHHH Bb IOlKHa TpaKHlI (Xp. Kapaaaa-

AlKYKOBb) • • • • • • . . . • . • . . . . . . . • . . .• 129

HOBOOTKPHTH crapaaa (csoemasar» E. <l>HnOB'b H HB. Beaxos-s)

146

OU"tHKH H 6H6JIHorpacpHH. - O. S e u re, Connaltrlons-nous, enfin, un texte en langue thrace? ()1. )1e'leBbj. - J. Svoronos, L'Hellenisrne primitive de la Macedoine (H. MYWMOB'b). - O. Millet, Recherches sur l'iconographie de l'Evangile (A. Fpaeaps). - )1. B. ADHanOB'b, BH3aHTiAcKall lKHBonHCb XIV CTO' JltTill (A. Fpaeaps), - HOBH KHHfH OTHoceWH ce 110 apxeoaorasra H8

E'bnfapHIi • • • • , • • • • '. • • • . . • • • • • . • •• 154

Ta6nHUH

I H II. YepenH on crapoxpacrnaacxa rpo6HHua B1> COcpHSI.

III. <l>parMeHTH on rJlHHeHH canose OT'b XHCapn1>Ka B1>KIOCTeH.llHJl1>.

:.:"

':I ,-:)

• t

Table des ,matfetes·

.'

.

(v, Ie resume en francais au en allemand ~ la fin de chaque lIrtkle).,

~.

Kazarow, O. I. Monuments antiques de Bulgarie (IV-e article) " 1

~outaftchiew, P. et Oospodinow, J. La basilique pres Tchoban-dere, arron-

:, dissement d'Eski-Djoumata . 15

S'obtchew, S. N. Deux egllses anciennes aux environs de Serres 38

Drontchilow. K. Cranes provenant de I'ancienne necropole chretienne de Sofia

(avec pl. I et II) , 58

Ivanow, J, Fouilles de I'Hissarlik pres de Kusten iii (avec pl. III) . 66

Mouchmow, N. A. Monnaies' bulgares representant Ie roi a cheval . 124

Nouvelles arch6ologiques, - La Societe archeologtque bulgare a Sofia. - Les fresques

de I'eglise de Saint-Georges a Sofia \B. F) - L'egllse de Botana B. F , - Les monuments anciens du couvent de Poganovo iB, F.) - Fouiltes a Tir- . novo ,B F.) - Foullles a Messembria (B. F.) .,.. FouiUes pres de Vitolicht~ et Poltchlchte, en Macedoine (B. F.) - Monuments archeologlques de Oheren, pres de Philippople IJ, Velkow) • .:_ Trouvailles archeologiques de Messe'mbria 0. Velkow),- Trouvaille de monnaies byzantines (N. Mouchmow). - Monuments ragusains et venltiens de Choumen (J. Mollow). - Monument funeralre d'Arbanassi (P. Tchilew). - Trouvailles archeologiques de Giiechevo (M. Bratchkova). - L'emplacement de la ville. d'Istr •• s (G. Radew). +: D~couvertes archeologiques en Macedoine (B. F.) - Vases en argile de Chapladere (G I. Kazarow), - Anciennes forteresses et ruines dans laThrace me~ .

ridionale (Chr Karamandjoukow) . . . . • . • . . .: . . . '." 129

'D6co'uvertes arch6ologiques en Bulgarle pendant 1919-1920 (B. Fllow etJ. Velkow) 146 ,BibUographie, - G. S e u r e, Connaitrions nous, en fin, un texte en languethrace? (D.

Detchew) - J. Svoronos, L'Hellenfsme primitive de la MacMolne(N. Mouchmow). - G. Millet, Recherches sur I'iconographie de l'Evanglle (A. Grabar) . -r- D. V. Alnalow, La peinture byzantine au XIV-e steele (enrusse.

- A. Grabar). - Publications nouvelles' se rattachant a l'archeologie bulgare 154

Table des planches et des illustrations

I et II. Cranes provenant de I'anctenneuecrcpole chretienne de Sofia ...

III. Fragments de vases en argile vernisses de Kustendil.. ,

Fig. Page

I. Fragment d'un bas-relief de Kamenitsa, arrond, de Doupnltsa. .;. 1

2. Bas-relief du .cavaller thrace' de Mlndia, arrond.(j'Elena • . .;. ' 3

3. Inscription grecque de Rassnlk, arrond. de Radomlr " ; . 5

4. ' .. ". . _., .'. 8

5. • Oinikli, arrond. de Harmanlt , . •. .,....., '" 9

c; 6 Fragment d'un bas-relief du .cavaller thraee" de ,Garmen,jUTond.del'JevrokElP;',: "')0

VI

Table des planches et des Illustrations

Fig.

7. Croquis de la localite de la basllique pres Tchoban-dere, arrond, d'Eskl-Djoumata,

8. Les ruines de la basilique pres Tchoban-dere: vue d'ensemble.

9. Plan de la basiJique pres Tchoban-dere . . . . . .

10. L'abslde de la basilique avec ·Ies restes du synthrone. ) 1. Profil du mur de l'abside avec le synthrone . "

12. Fragment d'une colonne en marbre . . . . . .

13. La nef principale de la basilique, vue du cote ouest

14. Pilastres entre la nef principale et la nef du nord

.. 10; La partie nord du narthex interleur . . 16. L'escalier du narthex exterleur . . . . ) 7. Profit de l'escali r du narthex exterteur.

18. La porte du baptistere . . . . . . .

19. Le bassin du baptlstere . . . . . .

20. Coupe transversale a travers la partieest de la basilique (Y -2 du plan).

21. L'angle nord-ouest de la nef prlncipale de la basllique

22. Briques avec des ernpreiates, proven ant de la basilique

23. Fragments architecturaux de la basillque. • .

24. Reliquaire en marbre, provenant de la basilique 25 Croix en bronze, provenant de la basilique. .

26. Objets en fer et bracelet en bronze, provenant de la .basilique.

27. L'eglise de Saint-Nicolas a Serres, vue du cote ouest (phot. de B. Fllow'.

28. La meme egllse, vue du cote sud-est (phot. de B. Ftlow: . . . . . 29 La conque .nord de la me me eglise : vue interieure (phot, de B. Fllow)

30. Plan de l'egltse de Salnt-Nlcolas a Serres • . . . . . . . .

31. Construction de ta .partie superieuredes conques: vue Interleure '.

32. Construction de la partie superieure des conques : vue exterleure .

33. La facade sud de l'egJise: reconstruction _ .

• 34. Coupe longitudiriale de l'eglise : reconstruction .' . . .

35. Plan de l'egllse de Saint-Elie a Salonique. . . . . .

36. Plan de l'e~lise de Saint-Nicolas it Doutli pres de Serres

37. L'eglise de Saint-N'colas it Doutli, vue du cote nord-ouest .

38. Chapiteau de la meme egllse . . . . . . .

39. La colline de l'Hissarllk pres de Kustendil.,. . 40-42. Monnaies en bronze de Pautalia (Kusteridil) .

43. Mosarque romaine de Kustendil . . . . , ~ .

44. Fragment d'une statue en marbre d'Asclepios, provenant de Kustendll . 45. Bas-relief en marbre d'Asclepios et de Hygie, proven ant de Kustendll .

46.

.. .

47. Tete en marbre d' Asclepios, proven ant de Kustendll, . . . . . . . ,

48. Bas-relief en marbre d'Asclepios et de Hygie, provenant de Kustendil ;

49. Fragment d'un bas-relief en marbre d'Hercule, provenant du Kustendll

50. Les ruinc s du sanctuaire romaine sur. l'Hissarlik pres de Kustendil

51. Corniche en marbre du meme sanctualre . . . . . 52- 58. Inscriptions grecques proven ant du rneme endroit. 59-60. Fragments de bas-reliefs •

61. Inscription grecque

. 62 Fragment d'une statuette en marbre, ·provenant du meme endroit .

63. Vase en argile et strigile en fer, provenant de l'Hissarlik pres de Kustendll.

64. Flacons en verre et vase en argile,

65. Inscription grecque de Kustendil . .

66. Plan de la forteresse de Kustendil. .

67. Partledu mar de·Ja tn!meforterease .

Page 15 16 17 18 18 18 19 20 21 Z2 22 23 24 24 26 29 29 30 31 31 39 40

41

42 43 43 44 45 46 53 54 55 66

69...::70 72 73 74 75 75 76 77 79 80

81-84 85 85 86 87 88 88 90

.93

Table des planches et des illustrations

vn

I'lg.

68. fragments de brlques de la meme forteresse .

69-71. Brlques avec des inscriptions de la meme forteresse.

72. Tulle avec Inscription de la rnerne forteresse. . . . .

73. Fragment d'une tuile •• " . . . .

74 Orandes amphores en argile trouvees Ie long des murs de la forteresse de Kustendtl,

75. Porte de la forteresse de Kustendil . . . . . . .

76. Objet en bronze, provenant de la forteresse de Kustendll . . 77-78. Plaques en marbre, provenant de la forteresse de Kustendil

79. Vase en marbre, proven ant de la forteresse de Kust- ndil

80. Vase en pierre

81. Le fond du rneme vase . . . . . . . . . . . . .

82. Amphore en argile, provenant de la f"rteresse de Kustendil

83. Couvercle d'une amphore, provenant de la forteresse de Kustendil

84. Amphores en argile

85. Vases en argile ..

86. fragments de vases en argile, provenant de la forteresse de Kustendll ,

87. Fusatoles en pierre et en argile

88. Manches en bois de renne

89. Objet en bois de renne

90. Poids en bronze

91. Objet en verre

92. Ampoule en bronze dore

93. Bulle de plomb

~. Plaque en bronze argente .. "

95. Plaque en pierre de Mikorzyn en Pologne. .

96. La forteresse de Kustendll d'apres une gravure de P. Harrewyn (XVIIe steele) 97'. Bas-relief en rnarbre, provenant de Kustendil. .

98-99. Monnaies en cuivre du roi bulgare Constantin Assene 100-101. Monnaies en cuivre du roi bulgare Ivan Alexandre

102. Bas-relief en argile de Messembria . . . . .

103. Inscription grecque de Messembria . . . . .

104. Vases en argile it figures rouges de Chapla-dere

105. Lecythe en argile de Ch ipla-dere . . . . .

106-·107. Disqucs en argent dore de Galitche, arrond, d'Orehovo

108. Bague en or de Bechli, arrond. d'Orechovo . . . . .

109. Buste en marbre de Svichtov . . . . . . . . . .

110. Tete de belier en or de Gherlovo, arrond. d'Osmanpazar ·111. Plateau en argent de Basaourt, arrond. de Dobritch

112. Objets en argent de Basaourt, arrond, de Dobritch

113. Bague en or d'Anchlalo. . . .

114. Statuette en bronze de Karnobad . 115 Masque en bronze de Karnobad

116. Bague en or de Stanlmaka . . .

117. Buste en bronze de Kustendll , .

118. Bas-rellef funeralre de Prossotchenl, arrond. de Drama

119. Bas-relief funeralre, provenant de la Thrace .. , . . .

" "

.,

,.

PAge 94 94 95 95 98 99

105 106 107 107 107 108 109 109 110

.110 III 111 112 112 112 113 113 114 114 120 121 125 127 135 135 140 141 148 148 149 149 ISO 151 151 152 152 103 153 153 154

AHTH4HH naMeTHHI~H H3b 6bJIrapH5I

(4eTB'hpTa CTaTllII1) On r. H. Kauapoa's

Bb H3BtCTHSI sa Apx. llpY>K. IV 281 2) 5. <PHlIOBb csocuraaasa Ht· KOlIKO <!JparMeHTa OTb MpHMOpHH OOpOtlHH pelIHe<!JH, HaMtpeHH Bb OKOlIJIOCTbTa na C. Kaxeaaua (Ilynaaunco), npoasxoneura BtpOHTHO OTb irsxoe rpaxaaceo CBeTHlIHw.e; TOBa CiK .n:B_a <!JparMeHTa OTb pelIHe<pb na TpaKHiicKHH KOHHHK1-., naa <t>'parMeHTa OT'b pelIHe<!J'b na Xepa, .n:onHH sacrs OTb pelIHe<!Jb aa Xepa H HaH·nOClIt .n:O.lJHH sacrs on OOpOqHa naosa Cb sannacs ; OT'b H300pa>KeHHeTO na TaH naosa He e sanaseno HHIl{O. TOH <!JparMeHTb e BHC.0·09, map. 0 15, .n:eo. OK. 0'03 M.; BHC. aa OYKBHTt, KOHTO CR\ .n:OCTa 3alIHqeHH, 0'015 -0'018 M.; cp. oep, 1. Hannacsr-s ce qeTe: .•. liyplw &€W E7t['fjx6w] ... A]Up(1jAto;) MOUXW[pC(A~<;].

<PHlIOBb npsnnoaara, se u

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OptKOP'bT'b E7t1jXOO~ (= KOHTO H3CJIYlllBa MOJIHTBHTt), uto ce nasa na oora aypto~ B'b aannaca OTb Kaxesana, ce cp'suia qeCTO KaTO enarer-s aa H3T04HH, rpt.uxa H PHMCKH OO>KeCTBa. Ha THH oorOBe e nOCBeTeHa enaa

06p. 1. - Penaeqn, on Kaaeaaua

1) Cp 1131lbCTflH II 175; III 180; V 1.

2) Cp, Archaol, Anzeiger 1915. 222.

3) 3a • Ajp~OI ~60£ cpo O. Wei n rei c h. Triskaidekadische Siudien (Religionsgesch. Versuche XVI, 1), 70 CJl. - Hexa np"nOMHHM'h, 'Ie HaWHIIT'h H3J1nHC'h C HaM-BpeH'h B'h 06J1aCTbT8, 06llrasaaa eJ1HO BP-BMC on arpaanar-s (HJlll 'Ayp£()(~). IlMC Cp0J11l0 C'h &.yp6~; cp, To mas C h e k, Thraker I 22; tt 11 BaH 0 B 'h, C-BB MaKCJ10Hlllf 2.

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2

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OCHOBHa cry.zr.HB 0T'b O. BaAapaAx'b,l) KOHTO nasa H c6HpKa na Ha.zr.nHcHTt, B'b KOHTO ce cpsma TOB enarers. K'bM'b CnHC'bKa aa BaHHpaHx'b HHe w.e npH6aBHM'b H cnt.zr.HHrB ,Ha.zr.nHCH,~ KOHTO He ~ My 6anH noaRalH:

1) Bor'bT'b A y JI a p x e H'b HOCH TOSI enarers H B'b e.zr.HH'b aaanacs OT'b KapH06aTcKa OKOJlHB: 8) 8e(i) E1tT)XO[ro AO]AIZPX1Jv(i) AO[pJ(~ALO~) I MOOXLIZV[O~ ••. J tJo1J~ Uvo ... I Top1Jv[o~ ••. ]~ 'A~pe-C[eA~7]1 NL ••.•

2) APT e M H.zr. a - B'b e.zr.HH'b aannacs 0T'b ACKJlenHeBOTO CBeTHJlHw.e npa r nasa Ilaaera: ") 'Ap-cetJowL E1tT)xOro I T£-co~ ~'tlZ'tLA£OO I XIZPLarljPLOV.

3) An 0 JI 0 H 'b - B'b aannaca, 0T'b c. lIHHHIUlH (XapMaHJlHAcKa OKOJlHSI): Ii) 'ArlZ~ l·wXll. I 'A1t6MlroVL reLxeaTJlv(i) E1tT)XOro I ~e~IZ<TtLIZIV~ BpeL~IVEO~ ~OoA(EO't1J~) I £O;dtJ.EIVO~ !&1JlxlZ I.Eo:rox~l.

AnOJlOH'b HOCH c£w.aB nptKOp'b' H B'b e.zr.HII'b neceaapoaaam, orne Ha.zr.nHC'b' 0T'b c. Btll(aHOBO (JIYKOBHTCKO): 'A1t6Mro[VL] £n;1J[xO]ro AOp~P .. LO~] 'Am. • . • orcep llZo'totj XIZt -c(i)v -cexvrov eOXIZpLarljpWV.

4) X e K a r a - B'b_ e.zr.HH'b peJlHec}rb 0T'b Bapaa: 6). <E'X.fl't1J. £1tT)xoro I 'AtJoi-CPLQ~. .

'5) TpaKHHCKHBT'b KOHHHK'b HOCH TOB enarers B'b e.zr.HH'b- peJlHe4»'b, HaMtpeH'b B'b c. MHH.zr.H (EJleHCKa o KOJlHSI), 7) cera Db HapOJl.HHHMY· 3eH: MpHMopHa nJlOlla, ropa 38 Kp£r.ll.eHa, map, 0235, BHC. 0'145 . .zr.eo. OK. 0'025 M., .zr.OJlHBTa sacrs sarytieaa: KOHHHK'bT'b' C'b K&.zr.paBa xoca, 06'bp· HaT'b K'bMb apHTeJJH, 06J1tqeHb Bb' K£ca apexa H xnaMH.zr.a,. KOBTO ce pasBtsa aa.zr.'b rop6a MY, .zr.'bP>KH K£CO xonae C'b aaaraarara CH narops .zr.ecnana (06p. 2 )., Bspxy ropasra paaxa Ha.zr.nHC'b (~H·C. aa .6yKBHTt OKOJlO- 0"01 M.): eJ1tT)xOro. Haanacsr», MOlKe 6H, e npo.zr.'bJllKaOaJl'b B'bpxy Hary6e· aara .zr.OJlHB paaxa aa peJlHe4»a.

OT'b cOHpKaTa na BaAHpaHX'b ce BHlK.zr.a, se nosesero naanaca, B'b KOHTO ce BBRBa enarersru En:ijX,OO~, npoaaxoaorars 0T'b ctBepHHTt npoBHHUHH H npHHaAJle>KaT'b na pHMcKan enoxa; HaH-MHoro ooaqe C£ 0T'b oCTPOBHTt,

1) O. W e l nr e i C h, 8so~ imjltOot u" MifteH. des deutschen archaol. Instituts in Athen

XXXVII 1912, CTp. 1-68.' ' •

2)norpllJDBO qeTan. Ad. Reinach H Weinreich (u .... 21 oN! }02) i'ltt'IC.£W u" HaltDHC8 OTD Fnasa.Flaaera, ll()6pycKH"Apx. H38. aa Hap. MY3Cll I 71, 6p. 63, 06p. 42; HaAnHCDTD ce sere: ltOtp£W hUi i'ltt'lt£W (BlIPOIITHO BM. l~L'lt('lt)£W); cp H3BlICTHII III 127.

s) 1l06pycKH, Apx. H3B. na Hap. MY3ell I 114, 6p. 164 a, 06p. 93; B,,2-HII peA" e ••• 1111' a He •.. ~,; B" 4-HII pelt" ll06pycKH -reTe: NL'IC.~Clto'?] ••• [IUXCltptCl't'lflptoV, KoeTO e C"MHHTCJlHO .

.• ) H8K" t8 .. ". I 81 61'. 117, 06p. 59.

Ii) nan raJfb I 123, tip. 174. 06p. 101.

6) cl>HnpBD, H3B •. UI 45, 6p. 41, 06p. 41.

1) CnOMeH8n 0T'b .n:06pYCKH, Mc6. XVDI 796.

r. 11. Kauapoas, AHTH'IHH naMeTHHUH H3b DbJlrapHIi

3

M. A3HSI, nO-.lI.aJIelJHHSI H3TOK'b H Erarrert, : B'b TOBa seve, KaKTO 3a6t· JIt3sa BaHHpaHX'b, H3nx"KBa CHJIHOTO BJIHSlHHe aa M3TOlJHHTt KYJITOse.

KaTO ce cnapa CneUHaJIHO B'bpXy TpaKHS!, MH3HS! M ,UaKMS!, BaHHpaHX'b H3T'bKBa,1) lie M B'b THH npOBHHQHH TOSI enarert, HOCHT'b npt.lI.H BCHlJKO 60- meCTBa-JItKapH; raxa ACKJIenH CaM'b MJIM C'b XHrHH, XlfrHSI caaa, MnH n'bK'b ACKJIenH, Xaraa H Teaecdiopr, 3ae.lI.HO. ABTOP'bT'b npaexa aaurero MHtHHe 2), lie ACKJlenH B'b TpaKHSI e CTx"nIfJl'b aa MtCTOTO aa HtKOH .lI.OMaWeH'b 6or'bntKapb; B'b I'aana Flaaera TOH 6or'b ce e noxaraa» OTHalJaJlO KaTO xup~o~ lrdjx.oo~ ~IXAOOOULO"0"7iVO;; noors 3ae.lI.HO C'b rp'bUKHSI rarrs 6Hno npaero H HMeTO ACKJlenH. LlOMaWHH 60meCTBa ute .aa ce KpHS!T'b H nozrs 3eBca H Xepa B'b Ha.!lnHcHTt OT'b CO<PHH H KOCTHH6po.!l'b (y Weinreich M 136, 137),3) KOHTO HOCS!T'b noKaJlHH HMeHa H npbxopa Z1t~xoo~.

nO.!106eH'b carypein, CJlYlIaH HMaMe B'b nannaca OT'b T'hPHOBO (.N'213; Seure, Rev. arch. 1908 II 52, 6p. 51) CD nOCBentenae : 'A1tOAAWVL AUAIX-

06p. 2. - Pe1JHet:jJb OTD MHH/lH.

PLOXW &EW e1t71XOW, KOHTO ce e nosara-rs TYK'b KaTO nOKpOBHTeJIh na }f(ent3Hlnt PY.lI.HH1\H; B'b e.lI.HH'b peJIlfe<p'b na TpaKHHCKHSl KOHHHK'b OT'b Crapa-Baropa 4) AYJlapHOX'b ce SlBSIBa caxo C'b .lI.OMaWHOTO CH HMe: &EW e1t7jXOW (.LEytO"tW AUAIXPX71VWL. LlpYrH nO.lI.06HH caysaa C'b D ian a 0 e r met it h a H Anoaom, KEVOpLo"O~ H3T'bKHaXMe Belle na npyro MtCTO.5)

Ilo-sarar-sm, HOCHTo enarera erdjxoo~: AnOJIOH'b, Aprexana, HJIH H naaMaTa saenao, A<pPO.lI.HTa, Xexara, HHM<PHrt H nJIYTOH'b; 60r'bT'b ~OUPEYE&71~ H TpaKHHCKHSlT'b KOHHHK'b-XepOH ce cptnnar-s C'b TOSI enarers caxo B'b TpaKHSI. Enoaa ce e nosaraaa KaTO &Ea erdjxoo~ caao B'b MH3HSI. SE~: e1t~x(jot 6e3'b HMe ce HBHBaT'b B'b HaADHca OT'b nJIOB.lI.HB'b Y K ali n k a, Ant. Denk-

1) URT. M. CTp. 40 CJI.

2) O. Ka z ar ow, Arch. fiir Religionswiss. XI, 575.

3) Cp. r. K a u a p 0 B D, 1138. IV 81.

4) .LJ:06pYCKH, Apx. H3B. na Hap. MY3ell I 113, 6p. 163, Y Weinreich 6p. 44. Cp.

B. M u ell e r, MiT~~ SEG\; (Dissert. Philo!. Halenses XXI 3, 327).

5) 1138. na "CTOp. llPYlK. IV 2; Jahreshefte des osterr, arch. Instit, XVI Beiblatt 208.

4

r. 11. Kauapoes, AHTH'IHH naMeTHHUH H31> 61>nrapHIi

maier in Bulgarien N!! 144. 1) B'b aannaca or's Nicopolis ad Istrum (Seure, Rev. arch. 1908 II 53 6p. 54) cnopezs 8aHHpaHX'b nom- &a& e1t'fjxoo~ auctV't1j'to~ Tpt6sa na ce pastiapa BeJIHKaTa MaHKa na 60roBerl. TIOCJIt C'b TOSI enarer-s B'b TpaKHSI ce S1BSlBaT'b: MaJIOaaHSlTCKaTa 60rHHSI Ma, Ca6a3HH, KOHTO '1eCTO HOCH H JIOKaJIHH npbxopa, XeJIHocb-MHTpa H 3eBC'b f)4La'to~.

B'b Eraners, na Ha06w.0 aa HaTOK'b, B'b crapo BptMe e 6HJI'b pasnpocrpanerrs 06HlJaSlT'b na ce noceeuiaaars na 60rOBen OttH H yWH OT'b CKiV\.nOlJ.tHeH'b MarepHaJI'b, aa na ce H3T'bKHe, lie 60r'b .BH>K,lla H lJYBa BCH'IKO.2) B'b XHepOrJIH<i>HlJHHT'B aannaca secro ce ce cpsuta sa 60ro~~ enarers ~TOB, KOHTO sysa MOJIHrBHTt"; TOil enarer s OTrOBapSi aa rp'blJ.KHSI e1t'fjxoo~. MO>Ke na ce npaeae, 'Ie TOSI 06H'Ia8 me ,lla e oxaaam, BJIHSlHHe B'biJXY CTapHSI CBtT'b, xoraro B'b enoxara aa peJIHrH03HHSI cHHKpeTH3'bM'b erHneTCKHTt 60>KeCTSa ce pa3npOCTpaHHJIH TB'bP,llt MHoro. Ii ,lltHcTBHTeJIHO, aanaseaa CiV\. 06pO'lHH yWH, nO,llHaCSlHH aa 60>KeCTBOTO, sa ,lla ce OMHJIOCTHBH HJIH na My ce 6JIarO,llapH sa H3CJIywaHaMOJI6a. Ii >KepTBeHHlJ.H noasxora CiV\. yxpaceaa C'b TOSI CHMEOJI'b (yWH). BaHHpaAx'b e c'b6paJI'b H 06HCHHJI'b THSI naMeTHHlJ.H. 8) YHaC'b, ao KOJIKOTO aaaesrs.. nO,l106HH naxerHHlJ.H no cera He CiV\. HaMtpeHH. B'b ocotiaa rpyna Tpt6sa na ce OT,lltJIHT'b 06pO'lHHTt yWH, KOHTO CiV\. 6HJIH nocaeutaaaaa aa 60>KeCTSOTO KaTO 6JIaro.lIapHOCTb aa aatrspsaaae aa THH lJJIeHOBe lJpt3'b nerosara noxoms. Tos 06H'IaH e 6HJI'b WHPOKO pasnpocrpaaem, B'b crapo BpilMC, a n'bK'b e aanaaeirs H no nneurem, neas, KaKTO B'b npyra CTpaHH, raxa H y tIaC'b.4)

II

1. OTKiV\.CJIeK'b OT'b MpHMOpHa Q6pO'lHa nJIOlJa, WHp. 0'155, BHC. (f08~ ,lleo. ox. 0'04 M.; HaM-BpeH'b B'b MtcTHocTbTa PaJIeBlJ.H npa c. PaCHHK'b, (Pa,llOMHpCKa OKOJIHSI) B'b enaa HHBa,' ,lltTO HMaJIO MHoro KiV\.COBe' OTh crapa TyXJIH H ,lltTO 6HJIH HaMHpaHH H MOlIeTH; cera S'b HapoJ(HHSl MY3eH B'b CO$HfI. Ha naosara e 6HJI'b H306pa3eH'b Xepamcrs ; aanaseua ClK caxo .lI8t XO,llHJIa OT'b xpaxara My H B'b JItBO '1aCTb OT'b KpHBaKa (?); aannacsri, e sanasem, lJ.tJI'b (BHC. aa 6yKBHlt 0014, B'b nOCJIt,llHHSI pezrs 0'008 M.) .H ce sere (o6p 3): <H(.l~XAij BELcr~A7J'tYJI[vii)] MoV'ttXvo~ .1LVEtAOU LE(.lEU~ tivel&7JxEv.

I} Iloaeace D1> 1011 penlleljJ1> e npnacrasem, rposaooeps, BallHpilIlX1> npsnnoaara, se 06pOK1>T1> e nonaecetrs KaTO 6narOllapHOCTh sa 60raTHli nnon».

2) Cp, Wei nrc i C h, u. M CTp. 46 C.~

3) 06PO'lHH YUIH OT1> MY3ell D1> Konouraaps oeaaponaa Hanocn1l.ll1>K1> A. Bud a y Sb Dolgozatok. Travaux de la section arch eol, au Musee National de Transylvanie, VII 1916, 95 ca. 4) Cp. OCHODHOTO C1>'lHHeHHe aa R. Andree, Votive und We1hegaben, 1904. - B1> MHoro U'bpKBH y HaC1> ce HaMHpaTD nO.ll06HH 06pO'lHH napoae sa H3u1lpeHH 'lneHOSe; lKena· TenHO 6H 6Hi1o M.- ceo c,,6epaTD, npoysan, H H3..o;aMTD.

5

r. r1 Kauapoas, AHTH'IHH naxeraaua H3b 6bJlrapH5I

Bs TOH naanact, Xepaxtors ce HBSlBa 3a npbBb n~Tb Cb MilcTeHb np sxopt, BE~O'CXArl''Y)VO;, KOHTO C~IIJ.O no cera He 6twe H3BilcTeHb. I1MeTo BE(O'cxA'Y)n'Jvo~ e 6e3cnopHo TpaKHHcKo: eJIeMeHTbTb O'CXA'Y)'t- ce cptnna Bb HMeTO Denseleti 1) HJIH KaKTO rJIaCH no crapara <popMa Y Teonouna 2) I1CXV&CXAiJ'tCX~; 3) Bb Ha.n:nHCHrB ce cp'suia H JIHtIHOTO HMe Dansala. Harepecao e na ce H3TbKHe, tIe Ha.n:nHCbTb npOH3XO}K.n:a TbKMO OTb TaH 06JIaCTb na ropas CTPYMa, KOHTO B'b crapo BptMe ce 06HTaBaJIa OTb TpaKHHCKOTO nxexe zteaceaera. Ilo-aarar-sxt, Tpt6Ba zta ce npaaene KaTO napaaena KbMb BEtO'CXA'Y)n'JVO(; H TpaKHHCKOTO naexe Haleti, KoeTO cnOMeHYBa nJIHHHH,4) a MO}Ke 6H Bb TaH penaua Tpt6Ba .n:a ce nOCTaBSlTb H BtO'ctA'tcxt. Iloaeace HaWHHTb aannacs e OTb KbCHO PHMCKO BP~Mt', Bb BEt-O'CXA'Y)'trJVO(; CTOH BEt BtPOHTHO BMtCTO Bt,

I1MeTo I1tVErAO(; e BtPOSlTHO TpaKHHCKO H 6H MorJIO na ce CMtTa KaTO YMaJIHTeJIHO OTb A(v'Y)~ (T 0 m as C h e k, Th raker II 2, 33), xa I<TO nphanoaara n. netIeBb; 5) cp. MAlXtAO(;, Bull. de corr. hell. XX 183 (sa I1cxAcx- Tomaschek II 2, 30; 70); IIcxtpD,cx(;, Bull. de corr. hell. XXIV 306 (aa IIcx(p'Y)(; HJIH IIcx!pcx(; ibidem) H np.

HOBOoTKpHBaHHT'B enarpa<pCI<H naMeTHHL(H Bb TpaKHH

06p. 3 - 06pOlJeHb uannnct, OTb C. PaCHHKb.

YBeJIHtIaBaTb nOCTOSlHHO 6poSl Ha MilcTHHTt nptKopH Ha TpaI<HHCKHTt 60' }KeCTBa; CJIt.n:HHHTb cnacsxs, xaxapt, H nerrsaerrs, HCHO cBH.n:tTeJICTBYBa aa rOJItMoTO aaasenae ua THSI np'sxopa Bb peJIHrHSlTa aa crapars TpaKH.

3 e B C b HOCH CJIt.n:HHTt npbxopa : I1tf.LEpCXVO(;, 'Oltlto),'Y)VO(; HJIH 'OxovYjvo;, Tamitenus, ZtVOpOUf.L7I'IO;. X epa :'Ap'tcxItYJv~, 'APf.LOUA'Y)'/~, 'PrIO'ItUV&!;, ~ovltrl'tYJ'dl ~'XcxpO''Y)v~. 6)

1) Cp. Tom a s C h e k, Thraker I 62; E. 0 b e r hum mer Y P a u 1 Y - W iss 0 w a, Realenc

IV 2101.

2) Theopomp. fro 214 Grenfell.

3) 3a I(OJle6aHHeTO MelK,llY & H a cp. r13BtCTHH V 232.

4) Plin. Nat. hist. IV 11,40; cp, Tomaschek 172. ") Y CTHO csoomeaae.

6) Ilorpburaa e rpopvara l:<.tp(1)'t1)V'rj, KOHTO nasa Kretschmer Y Ge r c k e, Einleitung in die AItertumswiss. I, 2 asn, 556 (cnopem, crapo H3,ll3Hlle 113 aannnca).

6

r. 11. Kauapos's, AHTH'!HH naMeTlIHUH H3"h D"hllrapHIi

3eBC'b H Xepa Sa~HO: 'AAexex~~P~1JVOt, ••. ep1JVot,: Kexp~O'toP1Jvo£.1) TpaKHAcKW1 C}K MOlKe OH H nptKopHT'B na Beaca ~oexAet't"l)~ H Kexp~1JV6~ 2)

An 0 n 0 H 'b: 'AA01Jv6~, 3) l\.uAexpX1Jv6~, 4) re~xe&~1Jv6~, 5) 'EO'tpexxel)v6~, 6) ZeAex1Jv6~,7) KexoP1Jv6~,8) K[ev]ope01Jv6~,9) KepJ1~n1Jv6~ linH KUPJ1tA1Jv6~,10) Aex'toJ11Jv6~,1l) '0t'euoexv6~ ('E'teuoC£v~axo~), 12) <Pexv~axeA1Jv6~, 13) ~xoop1Jv6~, 14) ~'texpexax1Jv6~, 15) ~~xepl)v6~,16) Texo1Jv6~,17) Vergulesrs,") Z1JpUv&W~19)

A C K n e n a: KouAxoua01Jv6~, 20) 4,(XA01JVC~" E(XAoo~Ua01Jv6~ H IexAooxeA 1Jv6~, 21) IX(xA1t1Jv6~,2!!) ~'tpexJ1W1JV6~,!!3) Zimidrenus.") <Pexa~1t1JPe. •.. 25)

A p re M H.II. a: IexAoo~ua01Jvij (~exA01Jvij). 26)

T P a K HAc K H H T'b K 0 H H H K 'b - X e p 0 A: ~ou~'touAlIv6~, ~cxAooxeAlIv6¢j AuAexpXllv6~; 27)noKanHH npsxopa ,MOlKe .II.~ ce C'b.ll.'bplKaT'b H 8'bHen'bnHO sanaSeHHT'B liMeHa: IIoupo .•.. , ~x01t1Jr .... , It'ou ..•. 28)

1) Cp. 113Bi>eTHII IV 81, Jli>TO ex. YKa3aHH H8J(nHeHrl, y KOHTO ee epi>Ill:IT"h THII HMeHal

2) Bull. de corr. hell. XXV 34, 178: Att Ils,cii.(tp] ~!U.s!'tlI (orb BHTHHflll); XXI 98, 12'; ALl Kctp1;'ljvib (0T"b nacpllarOIlHII); aa nOJlotSHlI TpaKHlleKil HMeHa cp, Tomasehekii 46, 84.

3) Dum 0 nt - Hom 0 I I e, Melanges 62 d •

. ,) KaHnka, Ant. Denkm. in Bulgarien 153, 154.

5) Cpo no-rep's crp. 2

6) MeG. XVII, 787, 6p. 98.

7) Arcb.-eplgr. 'MitteH. aus Oesterrelch-Ungarn XVII 219, 6p, 122,

8, KaJinka 158. ! •

9) K a U a p 0 B"h, Ilpauocs K"hM"h HeTo,HIITa' na COCPHII 80, 6p,: 1,6,

10) Me6. XIII 425, 6p. 8; XVI-XVII 13 6p.16.

II) Dum on t-H 0 mo 11 e 78.

12) U e u z e y, Miss. arch. en Maeedolnc 319, 6p. 125. "

13) KaJinka 1.')9. u) Mc6. XI 86.

15) ibid. XI 91.

16) KaJinka 161.

~7) K a U a p OB"h, UHT. M. 88 6p. 65; <I> H II 0 B"h, 113B. I 227.

18) Dumont-HomolJe 117 e.

19) Pauly-Wissowa RE II 52.- lI.o6pyeKH (Apx. H3B. aa Hap. MY3ell I 171) npi>Jlnonara, 'Ie B"h aanuaca y Dessau, Inscr. lat. sel. I 472 6p. 2350 Tpi>6Ba na ee sere Apollini Dysyro (BMi>eTo npsaaaeaoro Dyspro, B"h KoeTO Dessau npsnnonara TpaKHlIcKH rrpbxops aa Anonona): TOBa e Bi>POIITHO, 3amOTO B"h nannaca MelKJlY JlapH'teIlHTi> HMa H TpaKHIIUH.

20) Me6. XVJI1 781.

21) 1I. 0 6 P Y e K H, Apx. H3B. aa Hap. MY3ell I 25. 2'~) ibid. 90, 6p. 131.

23) Me6. XVI-XVII 112 6p. 19.

2!) Dumont-HomolJe 117 q 16.

1!5) 1I.06pyeKH, Apx. H3B. aa Hap. MY3ell I 90 6p. 130.

26) Apx. H3B. ua. Hap. MY3ell I 82, 6p. 119 H 121.

27) 113Bi>CTHR III 127.

28) 113Bi>CTHR III 127 CJl.

r. ,11. K3U3POB"b, AHTH'IHH n8MeTHHUH H31> 6DJ1rllpl!II

7

C a 6 aSH H: 'APo"tA7IVO~, 1) 'A('O"s ••• 1JVO~, 2) 'Ap .. VcxIl7lv6~, 8) ~-&u1t(Xp7lv6~. ') .ll H 0 H H C'b: ". Tasibastenus, 5) OU7lP~EA(71v61j;?),6) KEPP~VtOIj;,7) 'AO"o(j6A7I~'a" H H M !I> H Tt : Boopocx1t7jvcxl.9) .

K H 6 e JI a: ~X.EAEV'tTI~.10)

OKOHqaHHeTO -71v6~ (HJlH -CXVOIj;), CD KoeTO ce ocpaaysar» eTHHqHH aassaHHH orb MtCt'HH 'HMeHa, ce cpauta lJeCTO S'b casepaa MaJla·AsHH, S'b 06HTasaHHrl; OTh !l>pHrH 06J1aCTH. Iloaescero HaMtpsaMe T'bH Hs06HJlHO H S'b Tpakaa, Tpt6Ba ,ZI.a ce npaeae, lJeTO e 0T'b TpaKo-!I>pHrHHcKH I)POHSXO,Zl.'b.ll)

KaKTo 'B'ho6J1aCTbTa na HSKYCTSOTO,12) nH H S'b peJlHrHOSHO OTHOureaae, rpaxars OTpaHO c& 6HJlH CHJlHO' nOMHHHH 0T'b MHHHSMa; HHe SHlKlI.aMe,· lJe S'b PHMCKO sptMe nOSelJeTO 0T'b 60lKeCTsaTa na rp'bKO-pHMCKHH naareons CN. 6HJlH nOlJHTaHH S'b TpaKHH nozrs lJYlK.lI.Hn CH HMeHa H CN. 6HJlH Hs06paSHBaHH cnopezrs C'bS,ZI.a,Zl.eHHn 0T'b rpsuxero HSKYCTBO ranose. 06alJe MHore:> 0T'b THH OOlKeCTsa CN. CTN.nHJlH ua MtCTOTO aa nO-CTapH ,ZI.OMaWHH 60rose; TpaKHHCKHHT'b np'sxopa, nparypeirs K'bM'b HMeTO na lJY>K,ZI.HH 6oroiH8stPHOe- HanOMHIOSaJl'b aa rpaxaeua CTapHH 60r'h, H3MtcreH'b OT'b lJym,Zl.eHena;' '110 He HSJIq.qeH'b S'b .. peJlHrH03HOTO CDSHaHHe na BtpBalI(HH. AJia H,ZI.OMaWHHTB 60lKeCKH' HMeHa He 6HJIH CDSctM'b saepaaeaa; MaKap'b H pt,Zl.KO, SCenaK'bHSA&KBa tyK'h-TaM'b HMeTO aa HtKoe lJHCTO TP3KHiicKO 60lKecrBo, KaTO aanp, M7IOO~EUIj;, .:l7lA61mJ~,A~~cx't61tEto.lj;, TtA&Ii~71~, Acxp~dACXIj; HJIH AEP~EAd't7j~, TCl't671~, 'Icxf1~a:006A7I, 'AO"OCl6A7I~, ~ClOPE"(E&7j~, 18) 6es'b .lJ,a rosopasn, ryxa sa HsstcTHHn 0T'b KJlaCHlJeCKan nBCaTeJlH TpaKHHcKH 60roBe. 06aqe aCHMHJIal(HHT8-Ha lJY>K,ZI.Hn 60lKeCTsa me ,ZI.a e CTaB8J18 H no ,ZI.pyl"'b aalJaH'b: K'bM'b HMeTO na rp'bl(KHH 601"'b ce npH6asH KaTO enarers HMeTO aa

1) Mc6. XVI-XVII 79.

I) Arch.-epigr. Mitteil., aus Oesterrelch-Ungarn 1895. 119; MOiKe n3 ce sere 'ApOS[Aj'Y)-

v6,; cp, S e u r e, Rev. arch. 1908 II 44.

lI) . S e u r e, Rev. arch. 1907 II 426 6p. 18. ') Kali n ka 185.

6) Perdrizet, Bull. de corr. hell. 1900. 312. (

6) Mc6. xvi-xvu 92, 6p. 14. '

7) Athen. Mltteil. XXX-VII 12, 6p. 49 (on KH3HK1»; cpo aa HMeTO A. F i c k, Hattlden

und Danubier 52.

8) Rev. arch 1904 I 20; POCTOB ue s-s. CBIITHnHlUe 8paK. 60rOB1>, CTp. 26.

9) Mc6. XIII 416.

10) H3BilcTHII III 22. 6p. J.9.

11) Cp. Kretschmer y Oercke, Ein1eit. in die Altertumswiss. 1556; Einleit. in die Oesch. der grlech, Spr, 192; Sun d wall, Die einheimischen Namen der Lykier 4.1.

12) cf> H nOB 1>, H3BilCTHII III 220; VI 54.

1S) 3a npyra nOKanHH 6oiKecTB3, 03Ha'l3BaHH KaTO xepoa, cp. H3Bilcnlll III 127 cn. Cp, H "Hpl!), Totpoo~!a[t\;?l: Seure, Etude sur quelques types du cavalier thrace B1> Rev. des etudes anciennes, XIV, CTp. 40 H3 OT.!! Ome'l3ThK1>.

8

r. 11 Kauapoe s, AHTHlJHII naMCrHIIUII 113'b D'bJIraplIlI

C'bOTBtTHOTO rpaxancxo 6mKeCTBO: raxa uie na e aanp. CJIYlJaSlTb C'b 'AltOAAW'I KEVOp~crO<; H Deana Germetitha (cp. no-rep-s CTp. 3); BtPOSITHO H B'b npyra npsxopa KaTO aanp. THSI na nHaHa: Initia, Scoptitia, ce KpHSlT'b JIOKaJIHH TpaKuHcKH 60}KeCTBa.

2. 3ae.n:Ho C'b ropHOTO ex-voto na Xepaxaa e 6UJIb HaMtpeH'b H npyr-s OTK~CJIeK'b OT'b MpSiMOpHa 06pOlJHa nnoxa, BHC. 0'06, WHp. 0'14, .n:e6eJI'b OK. 0'05 M.; OT'b qmrypUT-B - 3eBC'b H Xepa, KaKTO ce BH}K.n:a OT'b Hallnaca - e sanaseao caxo enao XO.n:HJIO ;.n:eCHaTa crpaaa aa aannaca e orsyneaa: BHC. na 6YKBHT-B 0'01, B'b nOCJIt.n:HHSI pem, 0'006 M. 06p. 4. 3ana3eHaTa xacrs 0T'b aannaca MO}Ke.n:a ce nposere:

'A y[ (X&rj 'tuX7J]

[~]~E1 )ted "HplX ITo [Eotu]-

X~(Xvou ~.-cr6'1o~)tlXv .

EutUXW<;

Haanacsrt, M~lJHO MO}Ke JI,a ce B'b3CTaHOBH; CJltJI,'b "HplX B'b BTOPMSI pem, MO}Ke 6H CJlt.n:Ba HtKaK'bB'b MtcTeH'b npbxop-s aa 60}KeCTBaTa UJiH n'bK'b rrsxoe JIHlJHO HMe. Bt. rpeTHSI pezrs npod» A. BHJIXeJIM'b, 1) KOMYTO .n:'bJI}KHM'b

H lJeTeHeTO [Eu'tulx~(XwjU,

nphnaara na ce lJeTe

cruvo~)t[o]'1, B'b KOHTO CJIYlJaH

06p. 4. - 06POlJCHb KlIM'bK'b OTb c. PaCHIIK'b.

me npaexesrs, 'Ie ce cnoMeHYBa CJlY}K6aTa crU'lO~)('o<;, 2) KOSITO B'bnpOCHOTO JIHI.le e H3n'bJIHSlBaJIO JI,Ba n~TH (~); M~lJHOTHSI npbncrass 06alJe, 'Ie CJIt.n:'b K B'b ran .n:YMa ce BH}K.n:a A, MO}Ke 6H rpburxa na xaaeaozrsneua.

III

MpSlMopHa nJIOlJa, csyrreaa aa .n:Bt, rpersra lJaCTb JIHncYBa, BHC. 0'225, WHp. 0'316, .n:e6. 0016 M. C'b 8 pena aaanacs: BHC. aa 6YKBHTt 0'015- 0'018 M. (0, W, IX, E ce cp surar-s B'b nO-MaJIKa rpopaa): B'b HalJaJIOTO H xpaa aa rrspsas pezrs no e.n:HH'b 6P'bWJISlHOB'b JIHCT'b (06p. 5).

1) Ad. Wi I h C I m B'b lJaCTHO nIlCMO.

2) CIIHJl.IIK'bT'b ce lIBIIBa B'b PIIMCKO BptMe; Toll e 113B'bHpeJl.eH'b n'bJIHOMOIUHIIK'b aa 061UIIHaT3, HaTOBapCH'b aa 331U1l1U3S3 rrsxoe atJIO npsm. IIMnep3ropa IlJIII ynpaSIITeJIli ira npOBIIHUIIIITa; cp. Lie ben a m, Stadteverwaltung irn rom. Kaiserreich 303; V. C hap 0 t, Y Daremberg-Saglio, Dictionn. des Antiquites IV 1582.

r. H. Kauapoas, AHTHlJHH OaMeTHHl\H H3b IhJlraplIH

9

Ha.n:nHC'bT'b.1) Kotho npoasxoxaa OT'b CSeTHJIHlll.eTO na TpaKHHCKHSI KOHHHK'b H aa AnOJIOHa S'b nHHHKJIH,2) ce sere :

. 'AylX&~t 'tUX"lJt.

[LlEO'J7tO'tYJ A 7tOAAWVt rEtxlXt['tt~VW AUJp~A[tJO~ 'A7tOAAOOWPO;

5.

[ou ['tJou lltvx[O'ou 6]7tEp E(lIXU'tOO [O'W't"l)p[IX~J XIX! yUVlXtxb~

[XIX! 'toO lXenou] orxou EUXlXpt['J~pto'l] &VE&"fJXIX.

EnHTeT'bT'b LlEO'7t6't"fJ~) KOHTO orroaaps HCl xupw~, ce nasa TYKa aa AnoJIOHa KaTO raaaerrs 60f'b aa MtcTHocTbTa, zrhro ce e nOlJIiTaJI'b; 3) S'b e.n:HH'b aannacs OT'b OKOJIHOCTbTa aa CJIHSt'H'b 4) AnOJIOH'b ce napasa LlEO'7tO't"fJ~&EWV.

OptKOP'bT'b rEtxlXm'Yj'l6~ 5) ce cptnna orne S'b CJIt.n:flHTt Ha.n:nHCH OT'b nHHHKJIH:

1) Hannacs 6) S'hpxy nonCTaSKa OT'b CTaTYHKa aa KOH· HHKa: &EW 'A7tOAAWVt AUP~At(O); MlXpxtlXvb~ O''tPIX'ttW't"l)~ I 7tPlXt'tWPt· IXvb~ rEtxE&tYjVW EUXIXPtO'~PtlX.

2) PeJIHe4>'b aa TpaKHH'

CKHSI KOHHHK'b: 7) ~OUV'toO; rEo

06p. 5. - Hannact, OTb c. llHllflKJlH.

'ItXE),OU rEU7tIXO'Yjvb~ &EW I ~W~O'I'tt rtXEV'ttYjVW EUXIXPt'J't~Ptr;,'I.

3) PeJIHe4>'b aa TpaKHHcKHSI KOHHHK'b: 8) Kuptw 'A7tOAAW'It! rl'IXlO'"f)'IW <I>A(IXOUW~) OU&A"f)~ O''tPIX'ttW't"fJ~ LluO'up"f)'1b~ \J) I XIXPtO''t~'PlO'I.

1) H3.llaueHb OTb II 0 6 P Y c K a, Apx. H3B. na Hap. MY3ell I 150 6e3b q,aKCI1MHJle.

2) 3a TOBa CBCTHJlHll\e cp. II 0 6 P Y C K H, Mc6. XI 75; XIII 426; XVIII 800; H3BtCTHH aa Hap. MY3ell I 116, 150; cf:J H JI 0 B b, H3B. apx . .llPYlK. III 35.

3) Cp, Usener, Gottcrnarnen 221; Drexler y Roscher, Lexik. der griech. und rom.

Mythol. II 1765.

4) K a Ii n k a, Ant. Denkm. in Bu'garien 155 (HeY.llOBJleTBopHTeJlHo Bb McG. VlII 75

N~ 49).

5) Cp. Cumont y Pauly-Kroll RE VII 1356

6) II 0 6 P Y c K H. Apx. H3B. na Hap. MY3eii I 117, 6p. 165. Ilocrsnnara .LIYMa 1l06pyCKH

xere EUXOCp~O't~p~(o)y; ooase Bb HaJJ.OHca CbBCtMb HCIIO ce xere EUXOCp~O~p~oc.

7) Ilaxt, HMb CTp. 120 6p. 170. 1l06pyCKH norptunno qeTe r~)tsm'ljv6) BM. r~)tS'I't~'Ij'16}.

H) Mc6. XI 75, 6p. 2.

9) 4eTeHeTO aa TOB3 liMe lie e cnrypno.

- ~~-~---~-.~--.----- ---~-----------~----.

10

r. VI. Kauapoa's, AHTH'!HH na~ICTHHUH H3'b D'bJlrapHH

4) CTaTYHKa1) na KOHHHKb: AUAOU'tPIXAt~ Bpt~E[VE)\Or;; (,A1tOnjO.M I'ivXtcr[Yjvwj.

5) Penaedn. na TpaKHHcKHSI KOHHHKb: 2) 'A1tonwVt rEtXEcrYjVW EUXlXptcrTIj(cr)\PWV &'IE&YjXE'I MouxtlXVO; cr'tPIX'ttW'tYj;.

6) Haanacs BbPXY KOJIOHa: cp. no-rep's CTp. 2, 6p. 3.

THSI pa3HH BapHSlHTH aa npbxopa rEtXlXmrIVo~: rEtXE&t"l)'IO~: rEtxEcrYjVO;: rtXEV'tt"l)VOr;;, rtVXtcrYjvor;; nOKa3BaTb, qe TOH He e MOJKaJIb .lI.a ce aanaure TOqHO Cb rpt.uxa 6YKBH; noziotiaa nposrsaa aa 'tt HJIH &t Bb cr ce cp'sura aanp, Bb HMeTO Z~EA&tOUpoor;; = Z~EAcroupoor;;; cpasxara rEt HJIH Tt ce SlBSlBa H C'h HOCOBKa, CN-mO H cpanxara Xt HJIH XE.3)

Bs qeTB'bpTHSI pem, HMeTO IHvxtcror;; e cxuro TpaKHHcKo; rrspsara sacrs aa TOBa HMe e CXO.ll.HO Cb IHvxo;, phxa Bb fOpHSI MH3HSI (cera Ilexs): 4) nropara qaCTb HH HanOMHIOBa HMeHaTa Dardisa, G) Drigisa,") KlXtYEtcrO;.7)

IV

MpSlMopeHb <pparMeHTb 8') OTb peJIHe<pb na TpaKHHCKHSI KOHHHK'b, BHC. 0'205, WHp. 0'26, .lI.e6. OK. 0'055 M.; aanaseaa 3a.ll.HHn xpa-

xa aa KOHSI H e.ll.HllbTb xpaxt, na KOHHHKa; HaMtpeHb Bb C. fbpMeHb (HeBpOKoncKO), cera Bb HapO.ll.HHSI MY3eH Bb .CO<pHSI. 06p. 6. Hannact.rt, (BHC. na 6YKBHTt 0'01-002 M.) ce sere :

06p. 6. - Penaeqn, on c. f'bpMeH'b

'l..UptW "Hpwt ITupftYjp[OUAIX) ..•• . . EAEtOu Eu~[ciftE'IO; &'1E&YjXE)

1) 1l06pYCKH, Apx. 83B. na Hap. MY3Cll 1119, 6p. 168.

2) Mc6. XI 75, 6p. 1.

3) KaKTO II!~o~ 8 II!v~o~ (pro cop. de aed IV 11, p. 146.12 Haury);cp. Dit t e n b e rg e r, Sy lloge II 3-0 H31l. N~ 880.

4) Tomaschek, Thraker II 2,95; cpo Pincum aa llYHaBa: Ki e p e r t, Forrnae orb. antiqui XVII; B'b CBp'b3Ka C'b TOBa HMe CTOH H II~1t'ljv(l~O~ (P to 10m. III 9, 2), B'b KoeTO CPH'!xara m ce HBlIBa 6e3'b HOCOBK3; Cpo Bp~1t~O'Y/~ H BP~VXct~5~;, r5~1t51k(lV6~ H r~vx~(l'Yjv6;.

") Tom as c h e k II 2, 30.

Ii) K ali n ka, Ant. Denkm. in Bulg. 6p. 392.

7) 1l06pYCKH, Apx. H3B. na Hap. MY3ell I 77, 6p. 90.

s) Hawspem, OT'b noxoaans K. AT3HacoBb, KYCTOC'b B'b YHHBepCI1TeTCK3T3 6H6J1110TeKa.

r. 11. Kanapoas, AHTHQHHnaMeTHHUH H3l> 6l>nrapHli

11

. KaKTo e sese H3nKHaTO,1) HMeTO IIu@p.71@OUA~ e TpaKHHCKO; TO ee cpbuta H 8'b CJIt.llHHn aaanaca on Tp_aKHB:

1) OTJlOM'bK'b OT'b peJlHe4>'b aa TpaKHHcKHB KOHHHK'b on CBeTHJlHrueTO npa c. rOJltMa Bpbcraaua (Tereaeacxa OKOJlHB) 2) C'b Ha.llnHC'b: ll]u@IL71@oUAcx. 2) PeJlHe4>'b na KOHHHKa on' CBeTHJlHrueTO npa e. JII06J1eH'b (Ilo nOB· cxa OKOJlHSI) C'b nocsemeaae: 8) "H@(I)L llu@UIL1J@uACX I d:~cXACX~ dt~cXAO\J I £oX~v rlva-thI'Xe.

3), PeJlHe4>'b na KOHHHKa on C~IUOTO MtCTO: 4) lluPIL71@OUACX I Mou'Xcx- 1tCXt~71~ I eox~v.

4) PeJlHe4>'b na KOHHHKa. on enao rpaaaute na B'bpXa Kepexem, npa c. Apanaape (nOnOBCKa OKOJlHSJ): 5) ("H@(I)L llu@IL71]POUA(I) !CXL'Xt&rj~ Zou@~ot.i~ eox~vciv[a&rj'X¢v].

5) )KepTBeHHK'b on c. KOaalJeBO (C.-H3TOIJHO OT'b MenifHK'b) C'b noc. DemeHne : 6) &eli) Meyc£A(I)' llu'@llLlj@UACX 'AAx~al~to~ OOA1ttIXIVb~ Aovrer'lo~ I X(i·e e'm'tlXrYlv I 'l'Qu!(I)@etou (?) I dlXLatOU I reAlXaSrVO~ E1tOtet.

6) PeJlHe4>b na KQHHHKa C'b HeH3BtCTHo MtCToHaXOlKJleHHe: 7) Kup€(I)

llu@OUIL71@O()A[d] I B(I)axeti~~: SiOaxetAou. .

KaK!O B~lK.llaMe, nOBelJe:rp OT'b HaJlnHc~Tt, B'b KOI:l~~ ee .cnoaeayaa TOSJ 60r'b, C)II\. 01'1,>. <;tBepl;fa O'bJIrapHSI; ADa e)ll\. OT'b OKOJlQOCTbTa H,~, MeJl-

• '0 • , " "',

HHK'b H HeapOKO;n'b;CaMO Gp. 6-H e MOlKe 6H on TpaKQSI. B'b naanaca

0T'b KOBalJeBO 6or'bT'b ce HMeHYBa "BeJlHK'bK (ILEylX~). nptKopHn aa 60ro· Ben lLar~ H !J.Erta'tO~ .l106HBaTb no WHPOKO paanpocrpaaeaaey r'bpUHn rerrspaa B'b BptMeTO, xoraro ee nOIJBa CHJlHOTO BJlHSlHHe aa H3TO'lHHn KYJlTOBe; THSI npsxopa ee naaars MaBHO sa 60lKeCTBa, 3aeTH OT'b . npyra napona HJlH aa lJylK.llH 60lKeCTBa cMtceHH C'b rp'bUKHn.8)

, B'b TpaKHSI C'bTHSJ nptKopH .. ce osaasaaar-s CJIt.llHHTB 60lKeCTBa:

1) d£@~eAcX't1J~ -B'b nannaca 0T'b Bapaa : 9) &eou IL£YcXAOU de@~£AcX'tOU; 1'OBa e CA'l.mHSlT'b 60r'h, KO'HTO ce H306pa3S1Ba..B'b MOHeTHn aa Onecocs

1) S. Re i n a.ch, Bull. areheol. du Comlte des travaux historiques 1894,415; .llo6py-

c K H, Apx. H3B aa Hap. Myaell I 105.

2) .l106pYCKH, Apx. H3B. na Hap. MyaeD I 100, 6p. 142.

3) naKl> TaMl> CTp. 103,15p. 148.

4) naKl> TaMl> 103, 6p. 149.

5) naKl> TaMl> CTp. 149.

6) naKl> TaMl> CTp. 104, aa6. 4.

7) .l106pYCKH, Mc6. XI 79; S. Re i n a c h, Bull. archeol. du Comlte des travaux hist. 1894. 415.

8) Cp, B. M u e II e r, M.syCX;; 3-66" Dissert. philol. Halenses XXI 3, passim.

9) K a Ii n k a, Ant. Denkmaler in BuIgarien 6p. 114.

12

r. 11. Kauapoas, AHTH'!HH naMeTHHUH H3'b 6'bnrapHH

(Bapaajor» PHMCKO Bpi>Me, KOHTO HOOln, HaAnHC'b: &Eou p.eyciAou '087jat'tli'>v; cnOMeHYBa ce H B'b e.ll.HH'b HaADHC'b on, 6aJlIIHK'b.1) ToA ce e nOIlHTaJl'b KaTO XTOHH'IeCKH 601"b. 2)

2) TpaKHAcKHHT'b x e p o a ce aapaxa tdr~ B'b ABa aaanaca on, ErHnen,.8)

3) Ay JI a p x e ~ 0 C'b - B'b naanaca on Crapa-Saropa: ') &EW imptoro p.eyfcnro AOAIX@XYjVli'>t.

4) Xe p ax-s a s ~ B'b eAHH'b HaAnHC'b on, Pecoso (MaI<eAOHKH): 6) 'H@IXXAfj &EW ~Ey£acnro; H B'b APYI"b on OXPHA'b: 6) 'H@IXXAEr ~Ey(cnro.

5) 3eBC'b AOJlHx.eHCKH - B'b aaanaca OT'b Kapa-opaarrs r") 4tl ~E-

yfcnro ~OAtXYjVIi'>. '

6) C a 6 aSH A - B'b aaanaca on, Nicopolis ad Istrum: 8) uili'> &E~l 'I8IXfIX~ MErciAYj~ [M?J't@]b[~] ~d 'HAt'fl p.eyci[Aro xu@ijro ~E~IX~£ro.

7) BeJlHKaTa Malha a a 60roBeTi> (KH6eJla) - B'b eAHH'b HaAnacs on, Bapna,") Ai>TO AOn'bJlHeHHeTO XIXl M[Yj'tE@IX ~EraAYjv &EIi'>V] e C'bMHHTenHO; cp. H 6p. 6.

8) Cap a n H C'b - B'b naanaca OT'b rOMH (KIOCTeHA>Ka): 10) &£W ~EraAro ~~@a1t[l8l.

KaKTo BH>KAaMe, B'b TpaKHH enHTeT'LT'b ~ErIX~ HOCHn, npi>AH BCHIIKO XTOHHlleCKH 60>KeCTBa; saroaa MO>Ke CD H'3Bi>~HO OCHOBaHHe aa ce npbnnoaara, lie H IIu@~Yj@QUAIX~ e rrsxoe nOKanHO XTOHHlleCKO 60>KeCTBO, KoeTO HanCTH ce e cni>no C'b xepOH-KOHHHK'b.

v

npOq,HnYBaH'b HaArp06eH'b C'rbn6'b 0T'b BapOBHHK'b, BHC. 0'78, WHp. 0'33, Ae6. 0'27 M.; BHCOIIHHa na 6YKBHrl 0'03 M.; (0 H ro no ManKH: 0'015 - 0·02 M.); HaMi>peH'b B'b craporo paspyureno lIepKOBHIl.{e CB. l'bHH, KoeTO ce naaapa 1/2 lIaC'b HSTO'lHO OT'b C. KanHMaH~H (MenHHWKO). r'H'b nonnopy'lHK'b Jl. CTOHMeHOB'b, 6HBW'b CTYAeHn, no HCTOpHH B'b HaWHH YHHBep-

1) K a Ii n k a, N~ 95.

2) Cp, II 0 6 P Y C K H, Apx. H38. aa Hap. MY3el! I 178 H UHTHpa\laTa y Hero mrreparypa ; OCB1>H'b TOBa M. P 0 C T 0 B U e B 'b. Pocnacs Kepseacxoa rpo6HHUbI, B'b C60PHHK'b B'b seers fpaeJIa 606pHHcKaro, CTp. 15 aa OTA. ornes.

3) Y Mueller, u, M. 6p. 167 H 168.

i) Cpo no-rops CTp. 3.

b) L. Heuzey, Mission archeol, de M;;cedoine 329, 6p. 133.

6) L. Heuzey, ibid. 341, 6p. 141.

7) Ka l i n k a, CTP, 119 6p. 127.

8) S e u r e, Rev. archeol, 1906, II, 44 6p. 45.

9) Kalinka 193, 6p. 229.

10) Inscr. Graecae ad res Romanaspertin. 1 6p. 604

r. 11. Kauapos», AHTH'IHH naMeTHHUH H3'b fi'bnrapHH

13

C"TeTD, KOHTO HaMi;pHJI'b TOH naMeTHHK'b, npbanoaara, qe TOH e np'saecem, OT'b 6JIH3KOTO CeJIO KaTyH~H, Ai;TO HMaJI-O pa3BaJIHHH OTD CTapH rpaAelKH. 06HapOABaMe TY~a aaanaca cnopens npsnaca na raa CTOHMeHOBa; OT'D BTOpHH pem, aa naanaca TOH HH npara H KHHlKeH'b OTneqaTDK'b. HaAnHC'bTD ee sere :

APTEMI6WPO ' A p'tEt-LtO{J)"O[~]
OYIBIOYZWWN€ OUL~{OU ~w{J)v a-
nYHC€€AYTWKA 'ltU'ljCJE ia;u'ttj> xa;[1]
Cu>_GInOAITHrYN ~{J)crt'lt6At 't1J yuv[a;t]-
5 KIKAIAOYKIWKAI l".t XiX! Aouxttp XiX!
T€P€NTIATOICT€K TEPEV't{~ 'to!~ 't€l'..[VOt~]
MNHMHCXAPIN t-Lv1jt-L'Ij~ X~"tv. B'b TpeTHH peA'b sropara 6yKBa r (B'b im'ljCJE) CTOH BMi;eTO ct ; B'b K'bCHHTi; rp'b~KH HaAnHCH TaH sasrsaa ee cpsura qeCTO; ep. aanp. K a l i n k a, Antike Denkm. in Bulgarien 34, I, 37; npyra npHMi;pH B'bnOKa3aJIe~a K'bM'b Inseriptiones Graecae ad res Roman. pertinentes I CTp. 668 H Y Dum 0 n tHom 0 II e, Melanges d'archeologie CTp. 4~2. - 4-TH pezrs : ~{J)CJt'lt6At BM. ~{J)CJt'lt6AEt; nOCJIBAHHTa 4>opMa ce cpama B'b eAHH'b HaAnHC'b OTD Marue3HH:

Dittenberger, Sylloge Inscr. Graec, II, 3-TO H3A. 6p. 589, 48.

Antike De n k m a l e r in Bulgarien IV. I} - In vorliegender Abhandlung werden folgende, neurdings in Bulgarien gefundene Denkmaler besprochen :

I. Marmorfragment, hoeh 0'09 m., breit 0'15 m., dick 0'03 m.; wahrscheinlich von einem Relief des thrakischen Reiters, gefunden beim Dorfe Kamenitza (Bizirk Dupnitzaj.f) mit der Widmung <iypC{J) &sw i'lt['ljx6{J)]; Abbild. 1. Beachtenswert ist der Beiname ayptO~, deruns den thrakischen Reiter auch als Gottheit des landlichen Segens offenbart. Ober den Beinamen E~xoo~ vgl. O. Wei n rei c h, Athen. Mitteil. XXXVII 1; zu seiner Inschriftenliste bezuglich E~xoo~ gibt der Verfasser einen Nachtrag von thrakischen Inschriften (S. 2 N2 1-5 und Abbild. 2).

II. 1. Marmorfragment eines Weihreliefs, hoch 0'08 m., breit 0'155 m., dick 0'04 m., gefunden beim Dorfe Rasnik (Bezirk von Radomir), jetzt im Nationalmuseum in Sofia; Abbild. 3. In der Inschrift erscheint Heracles mit dem bis jetzt unbekannten Beinamen BStCJa;).~t7jv6~, der zweifellos thra-

1) Vgl. Bulletin II 175; III 180; V 1.

2) Veroffenllicht von F i low, Archaol. Anzeiger 1915, 222; vgl, Wei n rei c h, Triskaldekad, Studien 71.

14

r. 11. Kauapost., AUTH'!HH naMeTHI\UH H3'b 5'blJrapHII'

kisch ist; zum Element O'IXA'IIt- vgl. Denseleti oder AIXV-&IXA7jt(ZL; 1) es ist vom Interessehervorzuheben, dass die Inschrift gerade ausder Gegend stammt, die im Altertum von den thrakischen Dentheleten bewohnt wurde.

Die localen Gotterbeinamen haben in Thrakien eine sehr weite Verbreitung gehabt (vgt. die Zusammenstellung S. 5 f.); mit solchen Beinamen erscheinen nicht nur die einheimischen, sondern auch die fremden, von den Thrakern iibernommenen Gottheiten des griechisch-romischen Pantheons; im letzteren FaIle ist anzunehmen, dass der fremde Gott an die Stelle eines einheimischen thrakischen Gottes getreten ist.Es kommen aber auch Falle

. vor, wo zu dem Namen des fremden Gottes der Name der entsprechenden thrakischen Gottheit als Epitheton hinzugefiigt ist, z. B. 'A,.6Uwv KEVQ(lL0'6~, Diana Germetitha.s)

2. Zusammen mit dem schon erwahnten Heracles-exvoto wurde auch das Marmorfragment eines Zeus und Hera gewidmeten Reliefs gefunden, hoch 006, breit 0'14, dick 0'05 m.; Abbild. 4. Die Lesung der Inschrilt bleibt zweifel haft;

111. Fragmentierte Marmorplatte, hoch 0'225, ·breit 0'316, dick 0016 m., gefunden im Apolloheiligtum beim Dorfe _ Dinikli (Bezirk von Harmanli), jetzt im Nationalmuseum in Sofia. Abbild. 5. Der locale Beiname des Gottes rW(IXLtL'IIv6~ wird, wie schon aus anderen Inschriften bekannt (vgl. S. 9-10), in verschiedener Weise geschrieben : rELXE&L'IIv6~, rELXEil'YIv6~, rLXEVtL'IIv6~, rLVXLil'YIv6~.3)

IV. Marmorfragment eines Reliefs-des thrakischen Reiters, hoch 0205, breit 0'26,. dick 0'055 m, gefunden beim Dorfe Grmen (Bezirk von NewroImp in Macedonien), jetzt im Nationalmuseum zu Sofia, Abbild. 6. Den Heros nU(lI.I.'II(lQUA~ kennen wir schon aus anderen Inschriften (vgl. S. 11 n 1-:-:6); in der In~hJift von Kovacevo wird dem Gott der Beiname pkr~ beigelegt. In Thrakien tragen diesen Beinamen vor allem chthonlsche Getter (vgl. die Zusammenstellung der betreffenden Inschriften S. 12) und es ist zu vermuten, dass ITU(lI.I.'II(lQUA(Zi ebenfalls eine chthonische Gottheitgewesen ist, die mit dem Reiterheros zusammengeflossen ist. . .

V. Grabstele aus Kalkstein, hoch '0'78, brett .0'33, dick 0'27 m., gefunden beider zerstorten Kirche Sveti Ilia, 112 Stun de ostlich vom Dorfe Kalimantzi (Bezirk von Melnik in Macedonien); veroffentlicht hier nach einer Abschrift des Herrn Leutenant D. Stoimenov (Zelle- '2 auch nach Papierabklatsch); S. 13 ..

Gawril Ka z a r o w.

1) In diese Reihe gehoren .vielleicht auch die Haleti (P I I it. Nat. his! IV II, 40) und die B~oiA'CGt~.

2) Vgl. Osterrelch. Jahreshefte XVI Beiblat! 208.

B) Uber das Schwanken dec Orthographle. ,3-, und a) vgl. K ret s c hrn er, Eirileitung in die Oesch. der griech. Spr. 231.

6a3HJIHKaTa npn 406aHb-,lJ.epe, ECKH-D.iKYMaHCKO

On n.MYTa4l'lHeB'b H 10. rOCnO,ll.HUOB'b -4--

Pa3KOnaHHTt ~HeC1> pa3BaJlHHH na 6a3HJlHKaTa ce HaMHpan 3 1/2 KJlM. ua sarram, ors c. 1..Jo.6aub- nepe, nenocpsncrseao BbPXY CTpbMHHSI JltB'b 6ptr'b aa noroxa KaJlraMaq'b.,lI.epe (ra. naana oep. 7), nparoxs na p. Bpaaa, xosro ce BJlHBa Bb Tasanom, rp. Ilpbcaaes, Iloroesra C1>6Hpa Bo.~Hrl CH H3'b aanaasars qaCTH ua Ilpscaaacsara naauana H S'b ropaoro CH re-

06p. 7. - Ilnam, U3 Mi>CTHOCTbT3, 81. KOHTO e paanoaoxena 63SHJlHK3r3.

nenae B'bPB" H3b .~'bJI6o.K'b ~o.JI'b - KaJlraMaq'b·6o.a3'b, H3'b Ko.HTo. Bo.~SlT'b n~reKH aa IOr'b aa I'epaoso. CJlt~'b xaro HSMHHe MaJiKaTa Ko.TJlo.BHHa OKOJlo. crapara irspsaa, To.H· ce nposapa npt3'b enao CK8J1HCTo. YCTHe, oepasyaano ors no.cn1iii:HHr.; HS~'bHKH H8 naanaaara - H HaBJlH3a B'b B'bJlHHCTaTa paBHHHa na rp.: ECKH· .llm}'MaSl. rpa~'bn e ~aJleq'b o.n TY'Ka13 KJlM.

Iloaom, sa ·pasKo.nKurl aaae ro.JltMo.To. HaBo.~HeHHe np'fts'b JltTo.To. 1914 r., ors KOeTo. nit MHOro. nocrpaaa ECKH'~YMaHCKHSlT'b KpaiL 1..Jpt3'b

16

O. MYT3BlJHeBb, Oa3HJIHK3T3 npa 4063Hb-).(epe, ECKH-lllKYMallcKo

nOJIHl..leHCKaTa BJIaCTb Bb ECKH-lI.>KYMaH 6HJIO .n:OHeCeHO aa lllYMeHcKHH OKP"'>KeHb ynpanareas, 'Ie CHJIHO npH.n:OIIIJIHTt BO.n:H aa Kaaraxa-rs-aepe H3POBHJIH

HtKaKBH CTapH rpanezca. Cbo6IU.eHHeTO .n:oH.n:e no COq>HHCKOTO apxeoaorusecxo .n:pY>KeCTBO, zrhro senuara 6t B3eTO p smenae .n:a ce ztopaaxonae OTKPHTOTO H Cb TOBa na ce npt.n:ynpt.n:HTb B'b3MO}l{HHTt onHTH na 8Ma-

16

11, MY"fIlB'lIleUl>, 6a31MIlKllrll npn Lfo6I1Hb-llCPC:, ECK,,-D.lKYM311CKO

nOJIHLl.eHCKaTa BJlaCTb Bb ECKH·,UmYM8S1 6HJJO JI,OHeCeHO aa WYMeHCKHSI OKPNo.>KeHb yrrpaaareas, "Ie CHJlHQ npHJl,OWJlHTt BO,ll,H ua KaJlraMa4b-,ll,epe H3POBHJlH

HtKaKBH era pa rpanezca. C1>06w.eIIHeTO ,ll,OH,ll,e no Coq:mikKOTO apxeoaonl"leCKO .llPYiKeCTBO, JI,tTO senuara 6i; B3eTO ptweHHe na ce aopaasonae OTKPHTOTO H CD TOBa na ce nptnynptJI,SlTh B1>3MO}KHHrB OIlHTH H8 HMa·

Il. Myraesaeas, Baaanaxara npn 406aH'b-Jlepe, ECKH·lllKYMallcKo

17

HSlpH na pa3pOBSlT1> H paspyurars pa3BaJlHHHT'B. Pa3KOnKHTt 6txa nOlJHaTH C1> cpsncrsa aa ,llpY>KeCTBOTO H Pi'KKOBO,n;CTBOTO HM1> 6t B1>3J10>KeHO aa YlJHTeJUI 10. rOCnO,n;HHOB1>.

MtCTOTO aazrs OTKpHTaTa rrspxsa, no npt,n;H neCeTHHa rO,n;HHH nOKpHTO C1> ri'KCTa ropa, npt,n;-

crasame pOXKasa opaa 3eMSI. lle6eJlHSlT1> naCHn1> Han1>JlHO aapaaaure pasaaJlHHHTt. eJlt,n;'h KaTO npa pasxonKHT'B BCHlJKHSlT1> TOSI HaCHn1> 6H,lle paClJHCTeH1>, ycTaHOBH ce, lJe ptxara, nonpaasaKH BHCO KHSI 6ptr1>, OrOJlHJla H OTlJaCTH paspyuraaa caxo IO>KHHT'B rpaae>KH aa passaaanara, a OCTaHaJlHTt Ii lJaCTH CTOSlT1> HenOK'bTHaTH nom. aacana.

,

06p. 9. - nJJ3H'b aa 6a3HJJHKara.

OTKpHTara rrspxaa (ra, o6p. 8 H 9) e rpaxopariaa 6a3HJlHKa C'b npaCTPOHKH K'bM1> sanazrs H K1>M1> csseps. Otinrara Ii ,n;1>JI>KHHa (OT'b H3- TOK'b K'bM'b aarrazrs) e 24.75 M., a WHpOlJHHara 16'80 M. Ha H3TOK'b nJlaH1>Th CB'bpWBa C'b ,n;1>Jl60Ka nonxosooepaaaa ancana (WHp. 4'53 M. H ,n;'bJl6. 3'72 M.). Ilpa ctBepHHSI i'Kr'bJl'b ua rrocrsnnsra 6txa aanasena lJaCTH OTh

HaB1;cTHH na Apx. JlPYlK. VII.

2

18

Il. Myr3B4HcBb, 53311JIIIHara npa LJo6aHb-D.Cpe, ECKII-lllKYMaHCHO

TPIf crxnaaa (06p. 10, a Ch\.W;O If nanphsaas paapbs's 06p. 11), KOIfTO ex crsnsana KOHKaBIfTeTa na ancaanara crbaa If Ch\. OCTaTbL\If OTb HtKoraWHfm

06p. 10. - Ancaaaracs ocrarsun OTb CHHTpOHa.

CHHTPOHb aa irspxaara. 3ana.n;HO OTb TtXb, nozrs paanamero na nona, 6txa uasrspeaa in situ OCHOBHT'B aa ,n:B'B MaJlKH KOJlOHKIf (na naana a, 0). nOMe2K,n:y IfMb ce OTKpH sxonarrs Bb 3eMHTa rpa,n:e2Kb OTb ,n:tJlaHH KaMbHH; cp s.aaurero My 06- pasyaaure 'IeTBbpTHTa nyrnca 0'23 X 0'195 M. H ,n:bJI60Ka 1'10 M. Bee na TOBa MtCTO Bb nacana 613 aspoaem, <pparMeHTb OTb KOJIOna (06p. 12), nonoona na aasrbpenarb in situ OCTaTbL\H. TIfH

06p. 11. - Paapsa's aa anCIID.HaTa crbaa Cb CHHTpOHa.

o ~S ......

--7 (-- 0·.0 .....

06p. 12. - Q>parMeHTb OTb MpllMOpHa KOJIOHa.

KOJlOHKH, saenuo Cb 'IeTBbpTa, OTb KOHTO He Ch\. OCTaHaJIIf HHKaKBIf CJIt,n:H, M02Ke 6If Ch\. no,n:,n:bp2KaJIH np'scroaern, KaMbKb IfJIIf KIfBOpIfH.

Il. MyraBlJHCBb, 5a3HJlHKara npa 406aHb-,l(Cpe, ECKH-.llmYMaticKo

19

Cpt.l{HlUlT'b xopafit, (06p. 13), UHlPOK'b 5'25 M., e OT.l{tJIeH'b OT'b ct. aepaaa C'b nen, lIeTlfpHiKr'bJIHH nHJIaCTpH (06p. 14). n'bpSHTt TpH 0T'b TtX'b (OT'b aanazn, K'bM'b H3TOK'b, aa naaaa e -e~) ce H3.l{HraT'b B'bpXY xaaeuem, 60P.ll.IOP'b, IIHlPOK'b 90 CM. H BHCOK'b 20 CM. Ha.l{'b nona, Cbaepaarh naJIaCTpH CiK aanaseaa aa SHCOllHHa no 1'80 M. Ilaaacrpar-s Me>K.l{Y Cpt.l{HHH H IO>KHHH xopaca He CiK CHMeTpHlIHH C'b csaepaarb. OT'b TtX'b CiK sana- 3eHH caao ztaa (BHC . .lIO 1'20 M.). Tt CiK~O ce aaaarar-s m.pxy xaaenem, 60P.l{IOP'b, ncnotiem, aa TOH K'bM'b chaeps, HO nO-KiKC'b OT'b Hero. AKO ce

06p. 13. - Cpi;,l(HHHrb Kopa6b aa 6a3HJlHKara, raenam, orb sauam..

np snnonoaca, lie na H3TOK'b OT'b Ka3aHHTt zma IO>KHH nHJIaCTpa B'bpXy TOH 60p.l{lOp'b ce e H3.l{HraJI'b H TpeTH, HHTepKOJIYMHHT'h, KOHTO TOH 6H otipa- 3YBaJI'b, He me CiK 6HJIH e.l{HaKBO IIHlpOKH C'b THSI K'bM'b aanazrs. 113TOllHO OT'b TOH 60p.l{lOp'b nossa OCHOBeH'b 3H.l{'b (8), KOHTO e CTpOeH'b He3aBHCHMO OT'b Hero H npbncraaa Ht~O KaTO npar-s Me>K.l{Y He e.l{HaKBO SHCOKHTt paanauta aa Cpt.l{HHH H IO>KHHH xopaoa. B'b H3TOllHHH KpaH sa TOSI OCHOserrs RH.l{'b ce BH>K.l{aT'b OCTaHKHTt aa ezram. nOJIynHJIaCT'bp'b (2), C'b KOHTO IO>KHaTa KOJIOHa.l{a ce e aamspumaaa. BtpOHTHO npa TOH nOJIynHJIaCT'bp'b e HMaJIO apara aa nphxo C'b06~eHHe Me>K.l{Y nsara xopaoa. IO>KHHHT'b KOpa6'b He e e.1lHaKBO .l{'bJI'br'b C'b rrspsarb ziaa. Me>K.l{Y Hero H ancanara ce naaapa MaJIKOTO orzrsaeaae A, lIHeTO nOJIO>KeHHe nOKa3Ba, 'Ie TO e 06pa3YBaJIO nacrs OT'b CBeTHJIH~eTO. HerOBHHT'b nozn, e CD .l{Bt CTiKnaJIa

20

fl. Myranuncu», Oa31J1ll1KaTa npn LJo6aH1,-J(epc, ECKI1·ll>KYMailcKO

nO-H113bKb OTb T051 na Cpt.ll.Hlf51 xoparit., Cb KOHTO ro Cbe.ll.HH5IBa spara, umpoxa 95 CM. Ha 34 CM. nozrs HaCTHJIKaTa aa TOBa orn'snenae 6t OTKpHTb KaHaJIb, KOHTO aa cbaept, ce ry6lf nozn- paBHHIll.eTO aa Cpt.ll.IIH5I xoparrs, a na IOrb ce pa311IHp5lBa Bb MaJIbKb aarpanern, Cb KaMbHlf 6aceHHb (35 X 45 CM., .lI.nJI60Kb 38 CM.). Bt, nOCJIt.ll.HH5I BtP05lTHO e HMaJIO HtKaKbBb OTBOPb sa H3TlfIIaHe na sonara, aneura no KaHaJIa OTb cbaept-. lO}!{HaTa lIaCTb na BbnpOCHOTO OT.lI.tJIeHHe e lf3b OCHOBa OTHeceH3 OTb p sxara, IIO nopaaa sanaaeaara xpaanna na aarosuara My cr-saa MO}!{e Cb carypnocrs .lI.a ce np snoaara, lie TO e lfMaJIO KOHXaJIHa <popMa, Cb KaKBaTO

Oop, l.f. - Ilaaacrpu MelKu)' cpi;J(HH5I H ci;BepHIl51 xopaoa aa 6a31l1l1lKaTa.

ro npsncraaaae If na nnaua. Oraeceua C cxmo TbH If Cbct.ll.H5ITa My lIaCTb OTb IQ)KHaTJ cr-saa aa LI:bpKBaTa, TbH lie OCTaBa aenocrar-suuo yHCHelIb HaIlHHa, no KOHTO TlfH .lI.Bt CTtHlf Chi. ce Cbe.ll.HH5IBaJIH. Mo}!{c 6lf Bb lf3'1e3HaJIaTa 'IaCTb OTb IO}!{HaTa CTtHa na LI:bpKBaTa .lI.a e lfMaJIO crpaHl1l1Ha spara, a MO}!{e 6lf T5I nenp sxxcnaro na e npomorscaaaaa .lI.O CTtHaTa Ha nplfaJITapHOTO OT.lI.tJIeHHe.

Ha aanazrs Cpt.ll.Hlf5lTb xopact, C OT.lI.tJIeHb OTb nparsopa (rrphnnaepne, naprmca, o6p. 15) Cb crsna If spara, unrpoxa 2'25 M. 3aCJIy}!{aBa BHHMaHHC 06CT05lTeJICTBOTO, lie rpanauara Me}!{.lI.Y crpaaasaar-s xopatia If TOBa up hnnaepae He e MapKHpaHa Cb HHKaKBH apxarexrypna CJIeMeHTlf. Ilopaaa TOBa ce nOJIyllaBa sneuarneaaero, KaTO lie JIlf ziaara crpamrsna xopatia 06pa3YBaTb 3ae.ll.HO Cb Hero e.ll.lfHb Blf.ll.b raJIeplfH OKOJIO TPlfTt CTpaHlf Ha

Il, Myras-mee s, 6a3HIIIJKara npn 406aHb·J].epe, ECKI1-ll.lKYMalicKO

21

J..(eHTpaJIHHH Kopa6'b H lJe TOH nOCJItJ1.HHHT'b nptJ1.CTaBH C~m:HHCKHH xpaxrs. TOBa BnelJaTJIeHHe ce YCHJIBa ouie H OT'b BHCOKHTt 60PJ1.IOpH, KOHTO -- He3aBHCHMO OT'b KOJIOHaJ1.HTt -- pa3J1.tJIHT'b CptJ1.HHH Kopa6'b OT'b CTpaHHlJHHTt. B'spxy 06HCHeHHeTO na TaH nOJ1.p06HOCTb me ce cnpesrs nO-J1.0JIt.

Ha aanazrs OT'b Ka3aHOTO B~TptlIIHO npbnnsepae ce aaaapa BTOPO, no-npocropno OT'b n'bpBOTO (limp. 3'05 M.). C'b06m:eHHeTo MelKJ1.Y J1.BtTt e CTaBaJIO nocptJ1.CTBOM'b nmpoxa 1'93 M. spara, B'bpXy lJHHTO 1I.0JIeH'b npartC~ aanaaena fHt3J1.aTa OT'b HtKoraIllHHTt J1.BepH K'bM'b IOr'b TOH B'bHIlleH'b nparnopt, e orsopetrs. Heroaara aanazma ct-sna, K3KTO TOBa ce BHlKJ1.a na

06p, 15. - CtBepH3r3 'laCTb na BJ;.TpilllIHOTO np snnaepne.

nnaaa, e CBo6oJ1.Ha. EJ1.Ha OT'b TPYll.HHT'B aaaasa na pasxonxar-s 6t, 11.3 ce OTKpHe, J1.aJIH TyKa aa ror-s H roro-aanam- OT'b trspxaara He e HMaJIO trbKaKBH npHCTpOHKH, ce KOHTO TaH crsna J1.a e 6HJIa cat.paaaa H H306m:o - KaKBO e nptJ1.CTaBHJI'b MapKHpaHHHT'b OT'b HeH raaaem, BXO,lI'b na rrspxsara. Ha TOBa MtCTO ooase cera ce naxapa J1.'bJI60KO H3pOBeHOTO JIerJIO na phxara, T'bH ue H J1.a e HMaJIO HtKaKBH rpanexcr, Tt C~ 6HJIH H3'b OCHOBa OTHeCeHH. OT'b ztpyra crpana Yll.e6eJIeHHHT'b IOlKeH'b KpaH aa m.npocaara cr-saa MOlKe na ce B3eMe 3a npnsaaxt., se TH e 6HJla csorionaa. MOlKe Vii T3H Y lI.e6eJIeHa lJaCTb aaenao C'b cp'sutynonoacaara crsua na m.pxsara J1.a e nozorspacaaa HtKaKBa crp sxa Hall.'b BXOJ1.a H3 BbHWHOTO nptJ1.J1.BepHC.

22

O. Myrasuaees, Baannasara npa 406aH'b"nepe, ECKll-lllKYMaiicKo

Cbaepnara tIaCTh aa TOSI BbHWeHb npHTBOPb e saera OTb CTbJI6a Cb WeCTh CT£naJIa, HanbJIHO Cna3eHH (06p. 16 H nanp. pasp. 06p. 17). TH H3Be)K.ZI.a Bb CTpaHHtIHOTO OT.ZI.i>JIeHHe B. To e WHPOKO 3'90 M., a nOJIbTb MY, nopann

06p. 16. - CT'bJl6ara B'b B'bHWHOrO npsnasepue.

CTpbMHHH 6pi>rb, na xoilro e nocrpoena m.pxsara, e Cb 1.5 M. nO-BHCOKb OTb nO.ZI.a aa caxara HeSI. 4pi>3b e.ZI.Ha npara aa H3TOKb (06p. 18) TO ce cb06- urasa Cb Or.ZI.i>JIeHHeTO C, KoeTO e rb llB-R CT£naJI::J nO·HH3KO OTb Hero H

06p. 17. - Pa3pt3'b npi>3'b CT'bJl6ar3 aa B'bHWHOrO npbnnaepne.

na H3TOKb CBbpWBa Cb nOJIYKp£rJIa anCH.ZI.a. TOBa OT.ZI.i>JIeHHe HecbMHi>HO e 6HJIO 6anTHCTepHH. Bb cphaara My tIeTHpH .ZI.06pi> H3rJIa.ZI.eHH TpaBepTHHoBH 6J10KOBe C£ nOJlO)KeHH B1. BHll1. na KPbCTb, tmeTO cpbnaute 06pa3YBa

n. MYTaBtUleBb. 6a3HJlHKaTa npa 406aHb-L\epC, ECKH-ll)l{YMallcKo

23

KpX-fbJI'b 6acetiH'b (JI;HaM. 62 CM., JI;'bJI6. 71 CM.) - KIOBa na 6anTHCTepHSI (06p. 19). Ha JI;'bHOTO H, 06pa3YBaHo OT'b OTJI;tJIeH'b BKOnaH'b rpasepraaom, 6JIOK'b, HMa xpxrna nyrnca - aa H3THIIaHe na BOJI;aTa. MO>Ke 6H OT'b TaM'b no-ma KaHaJI'bl''b, lJHeTO npOJI;'bJI>KeHHe ce HaMtpH B'b npHaJITapHOTo OTJI;t· JIeHHe A. flOJIO>KeHHeTO na paaeaara aa Kp'bCTa-KIOBa He csanana cs OCbTa aa cssepaara npacrpoaxa, KOHTO, KaKTO H irsnara rrspxsa, e opaenrapaaa K'bM'b ctBepO-H3TOK'b. TOBa OTKJIOHeHHe BtPOHTHO e 6HJIO nptJI;H3- BHKaHO OT'b HeYJI;06cTBOTO aa repena: npa eJI;HO npaBHJIHO opaerrrnpaae anCHJI;aTa aa rrspxaara 6H saena pasuame MHoro nO-HH3KO OT'b TOBa na

06p. 18. - Bpara na 6anTHCTepHlI.

3anaJI;HHTt H lJaCTH. 3a repena, na KOtiTO e nocrpoeaa rrspxsara, MO>Ke JI;a HH JI;aJI;e npbncraaa pa3pt3'bT'b 06p. 20.

OTJI;tJIeHHeTO B MO>Ke 6H e nptJI;CTaBHJIO KaTexYMeHHH - MtCTO aa orJIalIIeHHTt. B'b crapar-s trspxaa Tt CX- 6HJIH JI;OnymaHH 06HKHoBeHo B'b MtCTO C'bCtJI;HO aa 6anTHCTepHH.1)

B'b aanaanara sacrs aa KaTexYMeHHH, HaJI;'b cT'bJI6aTa, 6txa OTKpHTH JI;Ba K'bCHH 3HJI;a (u, K). lJHeTO Ha3HalJeHHe MX-lJHO MO>Ke JI;a ce YCTaHoBH. 3aJI;'b TtX'b, nptJI;'b aanazmara crsna na rrspxsara, 6t OTKpHT'b 3HJI;'b tt, xofrro

1) fil. Fr. X. K r a 11 S, Real-Encyclopadie der christl. Altcrthumer II 153 s. V. XIX't'fjxoullavlX.

24

Il. MYT3WIIlCBb, !)a31111HK3T3 npn '106JII1'-llepe, ECKll-ll)J{YMili1cKO

80 CM. OT'b CT'BHaTa ce 'lynH nozrs npast, LKr'bJI'b H CJI-B,ll.'b TOBa ce H3ry6Ba. Fpanem, e, KaKTO H BLKTP-Bll1HHT-B zma, OT'b KaJIb H JIOMeHH KaM'bHH.

Pa3BaJIHHHTt He CLK aanaaena HaBctKLK,ll.t ennaxso BHCOKO. Iloacse e paspyureaa !O)!(HaTa HM'b sacrs, .lI,tTO H aacarrsr-s e no-r-sm.ics. Ha HaH-

06p. 19. - Baccnm.r-s H3 6anmCTepIH1.

rOJI1")Ma BHCOtIHHa (2'40 M.) e aanasena crhnara Me)!(.lI,y cssepaaa xopaor, H KurexYMeHHH. Ilpaaeacannrrb nHJIaCrpH na TOH xoparn, (o6p. 14), a CLKru.O H rpaneacnr-h OKOJIO ctBepO-3ana,ll.HHTt'laCTH aa trspxaara, 6txa OTKpHTH

, , ~ L. 1--

'1 S S.M..

.L==±C~· ~~=

o 6p. 20. - Paspuai, 118 li1 pxuara nrt3b H3TO'IH313 11 '13eTh (Y -2).

na BHCO'lHHa 2-3 M. HanpOTHB'b THH K'bM'b !Or'b He ce H3.lI,HraT'b nO-BHCOKO OT'b 0'8-1 M. CTtHl1Tt CLK ,ll.e6eJIH 0'95-1 M.

Llt.pxaara H306ru.o e 6HJIa crpoena Orb JIOMellH KaM'bHH H xopam, 6-BJI'b xopocam., 110 BHHMaTeJIHOTO H3CJIt,ll.BaHe aa crpoezca na OT.lI,tJIHHrt H

n. Myr3BQHeB'b, Oa3HJJHK3r3 npa 4063H'b-llepe, ECKH-./llKYM3DcKO

25

lJaCTH nOKa3Ba, lJe HeHHHSlT'b JJ.HeWeH'b nJlaH'h e pesyarar-s na HtKOJlKO noK'bCHH nptcrpOSIBaHHSI. B'bHWHHrt crtHH KaKTO H3 caaara trspxsa, T'bH H na CTpaHHIJHHrt OTJJ.tJleHHSI, CA" rpaneaa C'bBCtM'b eJJ.HaKBO H H3KJlIOIJH' TeJlHO 0T'b MtcreH'b naosecrs KaM'bK'b. nO·JJ.PYfb BHJJ.'b HMa HeAHaTa KOJlOHaJJ.a. nptJJ.H BCHIJKO paaraeacnaaero aa HaA'H3TOIIHHSI naaacrsp-s (0) OT'b cssepaara KOJlOHaJJ.a nOKa3Ba, lie Mem.ll.Y HerOBHSI rpaJJ.em'b H TOSI na npaaescautara .My crsaa HtM:a HHKaKBa opraaasecxa spsaxa. ToA e npocro .lI.OJltneH'b .lI.O crsaara H TO no TaK'bB'b HaIJHH'b, lJe aa naneaoro MtCTO e aanaaena sacrs 0T'b rrspsoaanaaaara H Ma3HJlKa. TOBa 3HaIJH, se B'b n'bpBHIJHHSI nJlaH'b Ha U'bpKBaTa TOSI nOJlynHJlaCT'bp'b e JlHnCBaJl'b H e 6HJI'b nOCTpOeH'b nO-K'bCHO. LIe TO~ He npOH3xomJJ.aOT'b rrspaoaasaaaara nOCTpoAKa, ce BHm.ll.a H 0T'b TOBa, JJ.tTO B'b rpanaaoro My' Mem.ll.Y JlOMeHHrt KaM'bHH ce cpsurart, H JJ.06pt H3.l1.tJlaHH 6J10KOBe 0T'b ntCDIJHHK'b H rpaeeprairs. IloCJltJJ.HHTt He ce cptIUaT'b HHrJJ.t B'b rpaaaaoro aa B'bHWHHrt CTtHH. KasaHaTa oc06eHOCTh HaMHpaMe H B'b rpaJJ.ema Ha CDctJJ.HHrt'MY .lI.Ba nHJlaCTpa (01-02), a CA"IUO H npa crsaara n-x, OTJJ.tJlSIIUa xpaxa 0T'b npaaasepaero. Ilpa BCHIJKHrt THSI enYlJaH B'b rpaJJ.HBOTO CA" ynoTpt6S1BaHH OTJJ.tJlHH 6J10- KOBe 0T'b rpasepram, H ntC'b'lHHK'b, HtKOH OT'b KOHTO C'b aHTHIJHH opaaMeHTH, KaKTO e nanp. CJlYIJ3SIT'b C'b eJJ.HH'b <pparMeHT'b npa B'bHWHHSI cssepoaanaaeirs A"r'bJl'b Me>KJJ.Y nparaopa H xpaaa (aa nJla'Ha 06p. 9 npa m ; rn, 06p. 21 npa 3HaKa X).

Ilo- JJ.PYr'b BHJI,'b HMaT'b naaacrpars, KOHTO B'b naaaa CA" nptJJ.CTaBeHH C'b JJ.HarOHaJlHH lJ'bprH. Tt CA" rpanena caxo on MtCTHH nJlOlJeCTH KaM'bHH. Haa-xapaxrepao sa rtX'b e 06aIJe npyro eJJ.HO 06CTOSlTeJlCTBO, a HMeHHO rt BCHIJKH ce H3JJ.HraT'b HenocptJJ.CTBeHO B'bpXY cnOMeHaTHSI sese 60p.nlOp'b H CA" crpoena eJJ.HOBpi;MeHHO CD Hero. B'b chsepaara KOJlOHaJJ.a 60pJJ.lOp'bT'b JJ.OCTHra Jl,0 TpeTHSI naaacrsp's (02), HO TOSI noentJl,HHstT'b HtMa HHKaKBH Bp'b3KH CD Hero H e npocro arpanem, B'b uerosara Maca. CA"IUara MHOr03HaIJHTeJlHa ocoeeaocrs ce 3a6tJlt3Ba H npa cbsepo-sanannas A"r'bJl'b na- cptJl,HHSlKOpa6'b (aa naaaa npa m-p). DOPJJ.IOP'bT'b TaM'b e caxo .11.0- JltneH'b .11.0 sananaara craaa, 6e3'b JJ.a HMa KaKsaTO H na 6HJlO KOHCTPYKTHBHa apsasa CD nes. OIUe nO-SiCHO H3nA"KBa TOBa 06CTOSlTeJlCTBO npa IOrO-3anaJJ.HHSI A"M>JI'b na eptJJ.HHSI Kopa6'b (npa .It-At). Koraro 60pJJ.lOp'bT'b TaM'b 6t paaxsprerrs, OKa3a ee, se B'bpXy OrOJleHOTO MtCTO aa aananaara crsna OIUe e aanaseaa sacrs OT'b Ma3HJlKaTa CD OCTaT'bUH OT'b I}lpeCKH.

Pasraenaaars .11.0 TyK'b oco6eHOCTH S'b crpoeaca na trspxsara pasp'smasart, narrsaao B'hnpOCa 3a npOH3XOJl,a na OTJJ.tJlHHrt H lJaCTH H, entJJ.oBaTeJlHO, sa npoMtHHrt, aa KOHTO e OHJI'b nOJJ.JlOmeH'b HeAHHSlT'b nJlaH'b.

26

[I. Myraasaea's, Baaannsara npn LJo6aHb-UCpe, Ecxa-Ibsyuaacxo

Ors rrspaoaasaanara nOCTpOMKa cs: caxo rpaneaorrs, KOHro B'b nnaaa Clf... 03HalJeHH C'b sepuo. Ll'spxeara e 6HJIa aaztnrnara xaro enaoxopatina 6a- 3HJIHKa C'b np snaaepae, KaTeXYMeHHM H 6anTHCTepHM. Or-s Clf...IItHSI CTPOHTeJIeH'b nepxozrs npOH3XOlK.lI.a H IQlKHOTO npaanraptro orzrsneaae, a BtPOSlTHO H CHHTPOH'bT'b, KOMTO e rpanerrs OT'b JIOMeHH KaM'bHH H 6tJI'b XOpOCaH'b. 3a

06p. 21.

Ct.aepo-aananaasr-s ",milo na cptUHHH Kopa6o na 6a3HilHKaTa.

ropnsra UOHCTPYKl.\HSI na T'bH nocrpoeaara irspxaa He MOlKe na ce saae HHl.l.\O onpbzrbaeao. TSI MOlKe 6H e HMaJIa nJIOC'bK'b H3Blf...Tpt nOKpHB'b, 6tJItr'b aa KaK'bBTO e H JIHnCaTa na BctKaKBH B'bHWHH HJIH Blf...TptWHH KOHTpa¢opCH.

Illnpoxoro axrpbumo npoCTpaHC1'BO na rrspaoaauanaara nocrponxa nO-K'bCHO e 6HJIO paasneneno na TpH xopaoa If nphanaepae. OT'b rpanelKHTt aa TOSI cTpOHTeJIeH'b nepaom- cera CN" aanasesa caxo TpHTB cseepan

n. MyraB'IHeB'b, 6aSHJlHKara rrpa 406aH'b-Jlepe, ECKH-lllKYMaltcKo 27

nHJJaCTpa (a-02) H crsnara Me>KJl.Y naoca H B~TptWHHSI npareops, KaKTO Ka3aXMe sese, n ce xapaxrepaaapar-s C'b TOBa, lJe B'b rpaJl.HBOTO HM'b ce cptIUaT'b OTJl.tnHH Jl.tnaHH KaM'bHH. C'b K'bCHOTO B~TptWHO pa3lJJJeHSIBaHe na irspxsara IUe Tp-B6Ba Jl.a ce 06S1CHH H oT6tnt3aH~Ta no-rope ocoeeHOCTh, JI.-BTO Jl.BaTa CTpaHHlJHH xopatia He C~ paarpaaaseaa 0T'b B~TptWHHSI nparaops, a 06pa3YBaT'b 3aeJl.HO C'b Hero el[HH'b BHJI.'b Henpi;~cHaT'b KOPHJl.Op'b oxoao SlCHO 060c06eHHSI cptJl.eH'b Kopa6'b. Fpaaauara Me>KJl.Y crpaHHlJHHn xopaea H nparsopa 6H Morna B'b CJlYlJaSi Jl.a ce MapKHpa C'b mHHH naaacrpa, a nXHOTO nOCTaBSlHe, npa HeJl.OCTaT'blJHaTa WHpOlJHHa na T'bit 06pa3YBaHHn Jl.Ba xopaoa, 6H C'b3J1.anO stBHH HeYJl.06CTBa sa Jl.BH>KeHHeTO B'b trspxsara. Haa-cerirs, B'bnpOC'bT'b aa K'bCHHn npsnpanxa ce paapsuraaa H 0T'b eJl.HH'b npocrs noraezrs B'bpXY caMHSI nnaH'b aa rrspxsara. Cp-BJl.HHSlT'b Kopa6'b e TpH n~TH nO'WHpOK'b 0T'b CTpaHHlJHHTt (5'25 cpstny 1'60 M.). nOJl.06Ha pa3JIHKa H3JIH3a B'bH'b 0T'b acsxa aopaa H e HeMHCJIHltIa npa eJl.Ha 6a3HJIHKa C'b n'bpBOHalJaJIHO 3aMHCJleH'b nJIaH'b. B'b 6a3HJIHKHn Jl.OpH na CHPHS! H MaJIa A3HSI, Jl.tTO npa CTpaHHlJHHT"B xopatia 06HKHoBeHo aaMHpaMe XOpH30HTaneH'b KaMeHeH'b nOKpHB'b, OTHoweHHeTO Me>KJl.Y rsxaara WHpOlJHHa H ras na ueHTpaJIHHSI Kopa6'b aaxora He Jl.OCTHni TOSI xoetpaneers. rOn-BMaTa WHpOlJHHa na Cp-BJl.HHSI Kopa6'b B'b H3CJltJl.BaHaTa irspxaa ce JI.'bJl>KH aa WHpOKaTa :if ancana, A npa cpasaareano He3HalJHTeJIHHT"B pasMtPH na ~tJJaTanOCTpoHKa ras urapoxa ancaaa e HaH'SlcHoTO Jl.OKa3aTeJICTBO, lJe trspxsara n'bpBOHalJaJIHOe 6HJIa aaaacaeaa H asrrsaaesa KaTO eJl.HOKOpa6Ha 6a3HJIHKa.

Pa3lJJIeHeHHeTo na B~TptWHOTO npoerpaacrao aa irspxaara e 6HJIO npHJl.PY>KeHO H C'b npoMtHa aa HalJHHa na nOKpHBaHeTO :if. MO>Ke na ce MHCJlH, lJe ~eHTpaJJHHSlT'b xopaes, nopana rontMaTa CH WHpOlJHHa, IUe e OCTaHaJI'b C'b nJIOc'bK'b nOKpHB'b. CTpaHHlJHHn xopatia 06alJe HSrne>KJl.a Jl.a c~ 6HnH nOKpHTH C'b ~HJJHHJl.pHqHH CBOJl.OBe. EJl.HH'b rontM'b 6nOK'b OT'b cnoena cs XOpOCaH'b ryXJIH 6t uaMtpeH'b B'b H3TOlJHaTa sacrs aa ctBepHHSI Kopa6'b. TOH carypno e OCTaT'bK'b 0T'b CBOJl.a, KOHTO e nOKpHBaJI'b xopaoa. OT'b aapeaotaaero na TyxnH-r;B MO>Ke na ce C~Jl.H, se 3aCBOJl.SlBaHeTo e 6HJIO H3B'bpWBaHO C'b nOMoIUhTa Hawa6JIOHH (cintrage). CaMHTt nanacrpa n'bK'b C~ 6HJJH C'beJl.HHeHH eJl.HH'b C'b Jl.pyr'b lJpt3'b apKH 0T'b KaM'bHH, HeC'bMHtHo on TaKHBa apxa npOH3XO>KJl.an HaMtpeHHT"B B'b rOJltMo KOJIHlJeCTBO H3'b HaCHna TpaaepTHHOBH KJIHH006pa3HH KaM'bHH.

KaKBH npHlJHMH C~ nptJl.H3BHKaJIH npbnpaaxara aa irspxsara H npbBp'bIUaHeTO :if B'b TpHKopa6Ha 6a3HJIHKa -- eB'bnpOC'b, Ha KOHTO MO>Ke Jl.a ce OTrOBopH caxo C'b nptJl.nOJIO>KeHHSI. CHrypHO e caao," lJe T'bH B'b306HO-

28

Il. MyraB'IHeB'b, Oa3HJJHKara rrpa 4u6aH'b-Aepe. ECKH-JllKYMallcKo

seaara irspxaa e 6HJla BTOpH n~Tb paapymasana H nJlaH'bT'b, KoiiTo naecs HMaMe, e peayararu aa HeHHOTO nOBTopHO nO)l.HOBSIBaHe. OT'b TOBa nOCJI'h)l.HOTO npOH3XO>Kn,aTb TPHT'h aanansa nHJlaCTpH na csaepnara 'KOJlOHan,a, a cxuto H nanacrparb Me>K)l.y Cp'h)l.HHSI H IO>KHHSI xopatia. Xapaxrepaoro aa BCHqKHm THSI nHJlaCTpH e, se m ce H3)1.HraT'b BbPXY aenpsK~CHaT'b xaaeaem. 60P)l.IOP'b, aa qHHTO rpaneacs rl C~ aenocpbncraeao npozrsnaceaae. THSI n'bK'b OTb ou'hJl'hJlHn qaCTH aa rrspaara KOJlOHan,a, KOHTO rpaaasat-s C'b B'bnpOCHHSI 60P)l.IOP'b, KaKTO e uanp, CJIyqaSlTb Cb nanacrpa d2 H C'b H3CT~nHm npa crsnara aa nparsopa - C~ 6HJlH arpa)l.CHH Bb Hero.

TOBa nOBTopHO 06HOBJleHHe Ha 6a3HJlHKaTa BtPOSITHO e 6HJlO H3B'bpmeso 0T'b HeYM'hJla pxxa, T'bR KaTO He e cnaseaa CHMeTpHSITa Me>KD.Y cpaw:ynoJlo)l{HHm nHJlaCTpH na csnep s H IOr'b. BHn,OH3MtHeH'b e 6HJI'b B'b H5- BtCTHa CMHC'bJib H CaMHSlT'b rIJlaH'b. BHCOKHSlT'b 60P)l.IOPb e OT)I.-BJlHJI'b ome nO'pt3KO Cp'hn,HHSI Kopa6'b OTb CTpaHHqHHTt, T'bR qe cb06w:eHHeTO Me>KJlY T'hX'b e MOrJlO na CTaBa, KaKTO H3rJle>K)l.a, caxo npt3'b )l.Btm H3TOqHH HHTepKOJlYMHH na cbsepaara K01l0Ha)l.a H npt3'b HaR-H3TOqHaTa aa IO>KHaTa.

II. Fpannno: HaM-BpeHH npn pa3KOnKHT-B np-B.l1.MeTH.

KaKTo cnoaeaaxae no ropb, trspxaara e rpaneaa OT'b JlOMeHH naoqeCTH KaM'bHH. XOpOCaH'bT'b HaBctK~)l.t e 6e3'b npHMtC'b OT'b rpourena xepaMH)l.H. B'b OTKpHTHm rpanezca TyXJlH Hlir)l.t He ce cptw:aT'b ;Tt C~ 6HJlH ynoTpt6S1BaHH caxo npa CBO)l.OBeTt. HaMtpeHHTt B'b nacana TYXJlH C~ Cb npH6J1H3HTe1lHO xaanparna <popMa (27-31 CM.), )l.e6eJlH 3-4 CM. Ha nosesero 0T'b mx'b ce cpsurar-s 3HaUH, npoxapsaaa 06HKHOBeHO C'b np'scra no ome neaacsxaanara rnaaa. HtKOH 0T'b THSI TyXJlH C'b 3HaUH C~ npanCTaBeHH ua 06p. 22. B'b rOJItMo KOJlHqeCTBO ce cpsntart, H3'b aacana H xepaMH)l.H'rt. Tt C~ naa BH)l.a: e)l.HHTt C~ rOJltMH 58 X 40 CM. H )l.Btm HM'b )I.'bJirH CTpaHH C~ caaeo nonrxnara, a npynrrs C~ mCHH, C'b KOHKaBHa nOBp'bXHHHa, H C~ CJlY>KeJlH ,lI.a nOKpHBaT'b C'bct,ll.HHm nonrxaar« xpaama aa no- rOJltMHm.

TpaBepTHHOBHm 6J10KOBe, ynorparieaa npa rrspsara npsnpaaxa aa trspxsara, C~ rvramco H3,l1.tJlaHH, HtKOH c~npo<pHJlYBaHH;a B'bpXy npyra C~ sanaseaa opHaMeHTH.3a KOHTO cnoxeuaxae no-roph; B'b nacana 6txa pa3XB'bpJlSlHH MHoro npyra, nO·HHTepeCHHm OT'b KOHTO C~ np'sncraaeaa na 06p. 23. OpHaMeHTHTt, C'b KOHTO Tt C~ yxpacena - 3~6UH, p03eTH,

fl. MYT8BlJflCB'h, 683fl.mK8T8 npa 406aH'h-II.CpC, ECKH-Jl.lKYMallcKO

29

6poeHHUH, OBOH..QHH JIHCTH H np. - CBH..QineJICTBYBaTb, qC Tt cs; B~eTH OTb HtKOH aHTliqHH nOCTpoHKH.

c

rl 10. .-.-.'Ji ~ .. ~. ! .• ~.:.:, id_F\~1J0

L' l.;!

--~-

06p. 22. - Tyxnn ct, 3H3KOBe OT'h 63311JHIKaTa.

06p. 23. - OpHaMeHTHpaHH apxnrexrypnn rpparaearn Olb 6a31V1HKaT3.

4aCTH OTb Ma3HJIKa 6txa OTKPHTH, KaKTO Ka3aXMe, BbPXY CTtHaTa npa IOrO-H3ToqHHH If,.rbJIb aa Cpt..QHHH xopatit.. Bb nacana npa sparara na Blf,.-

30

Il Myraesaerrs, Baannasara npa 406aH'b-,D,epe, ECKH-lllKYMal!cKo

TpimIHOTO np aanaepne 6-B asnpaaerrs H e.rr.HH'b rOJI-BM'b JI.-BJIaH'b KaM'bK'b, JI.'bJI'br'b 1'30, mnpoxt. 0'37 H Jl.e6eJI'b 0'30 M., m.pxy KOHTO cxuio 6-B sanaaeua Ma3HJIKa C'b cppeCKH. Tos KaM'bK'b S-BPOSITHO e CJIY}f{eJI'b aa roperrs npar's na xasaaara npara.

HaH-HHTepeCHHSlT'b np-BJl.MeT'b, nasrspem. npa pa3KOnKHT-B, e eJl.HO MpHMOPHO capxorparse, SHCOKO H ,D;'bJIro no 14 CM. Hump. 9 CM. (06p. 24). A\.rJIHT-B aa xarraxa My C~ yxpaceaa C'b nOSp'bXHOCTHO H3J1.-BJIaHH axporepa,

06p. 24. - MP!lMOPHO capsooar-re-peaaxenaps ors 6a3HJlHKaTa.

a CT-BHHT-B My C~ C'b Jl.OCTa CJIO}f{eH'b npocpHJI'b. KanaK'bT'b My ce Bp-B3Ba B'b mHHn na Jl.OJIHSlTa sacrs, T'bH lJe capxorparaero MO}f{e Jl.a ce OTBOPH, KaTO ce H3TerJIH xanaxvrs B'b BH.zr.'b aa rapoaps. OTKPHTO 6-B B'b nacana aa anrapa, 6JIH30 Jl.0 crsnara aa ancazara, orpaneao C'b H-BKOJIKO TYXJIH. Capxotparnero 6-B sanesaraao C'b OJIOBO H npa OTBapSlHeTO My B'b Hero ce HaM-BpHXa H-BKOJJKO Jl.pe6HH KOCTH (0T'b nTHI.\a), 3aeJl.HO C'b Jl.B-B MaJIKH CT'b. KJIeHHI.\H. B-BPOSITHO TO np-BJl.CTaBSI peJIHKBHap'b H HaMHpaHeTO My B'b pa3BaJIHHHT-B na anrapa me Tp-B6Ba na ce 06S1CHH C'b CTapoxpHCTHSlHCKHSI 06HlJaH npa np-BCTOJIa aa Bci>Ka trspxsa Jl.a ce na3S1T'b MOmHT-B aa H-BKOH CSeTeI.\'b. Ha T03H 06HlJaH ce JI.'bJI}f{H nOCTpOSlsaHeTO aa T'bH HapelJeHHT-B

Il. Myraauaem., 6a31l1IIlK3ra npa lj063Ho-llepC, ECKIi-lllKYM311cKO

31

confessiones H criptae nozrs aarapars na craparb IlbPKSH aa sanazrs. Bb cayuaarb, .zr,tTO rrspxear-s C£ nparezcasana CaMO xacra orb MOll..lHrt sa HtKOM caeretrs, 3a.zr,OB0JI5JBaJIH ce, xaxro npa HaIIIHH CJIYlJaM, .zr,a rn naasrrs Sb MaJIKH KOSqe>Kera OTb MpHMOpb HJIH 06HKHoseHb KaMbKb.1) Orb npyrart, npbnaera, HaMtpeHH ryrrs, aaCJIY>Kasa na ce cnoxeae e.llHHb 6POH30Sb OCMOxpaem, xp'scrs (o6p. 25), aspoaem, npa 3ananaara crbaa na KarexYMeHHH. 4erHpH£r'bJInara nynxa Sb cpbnara My noxasaa, qe TOM e HtKaKsa anJIHKaIlHH. H3b pa3HH Mtcra aa nacana 6txa uasrspesa .zr,st aoaoiera, enaa >KeJIt3Ha crpbna, .zr,st orpH6KH (o6p. 26), HtKOJIKO >KeJIt3HH

rsoanea H xaoro napxera Orb CrbKJIa H qaCTH

06p. 25.

6POH30Bo Kpocro oro 6a31l1I1lK3r3.

06p. 26. - )l{elIt3HIl nptllMeTil Il 6POH30B3 rpasas, n3MtpeHil Bo 6a31l1I1lKar3.

OTb CrbKJIeHH cx.aose. npt.zr,H paaxonxarb, Sb no-mara csaepao orb pasSaJIHHHn, e 6HJIa aasrhpena 6pOH30sa MOHera OTb EJIara6aJIb (218-222 r.); 1) Fa. Lasteyrie, L'architecture en France a l'epoque romane. Paris 1912, crp, 97 CII.

32

n. MYT8B'IHeBb, 68:lHnHK8Ta npa 406allb-.!lepC, ECKH L{lKYMaI!CKO

npyra MOHeTa - CpeO'bpHa OTD lis. Aaescaunpa (1330-1365 r.) - ot. aaMt.peHa . H3'b aacana ua aaraps. OKOJlO 250 xpassa cssepo-sananuo OTD rrspxsara ot. paaxonarrs H,eJJ.HH'b rpotis, Me}KJJ.Y lIHHTO pasespxaaa KOCTH ce HaMt.pH OpoH30BaTa rpHBHSI oop. 26, 6.

III. npOH3XO.ll.1>; OKOJIHOCTb na LJ.1>pKBaTa.

nJlaH'bTD H apXHTeKTOHCKaTa <popMa aa pasxonaaara trspxsa He JJ.aBaT'b TB'bPJJ.t. carypeirs xarepae.rs aa HeHHOTO JJ.aTYBaHe. EJJ.HOKopaoHHTt. Oa3HJlHKH, KaKBaTO TSI rrspsoaasaaao e OHJla, ce cp t.IUaTD B'b BCHlIKH BPt. MeHa. li aKO Tt. He ClK TDH xaoro Me}K.llY JJ.HeC'b sanaseaarf naMeTHHUH OTD no-crapara enoxa, TO e MO}Ke OH sa TOBa, lie - nOCTpOSlBaHH OOHKHOBeHO cs nO-OCKlKJJ.HH cpt.JJ.CTBa - Tt. He ClK 6HJlH B'b C'bCTOSlHHe JJ.a npoTHBOCTOSlT'b na pa3pYlIIHTeJlHOTO JJ.t.HCTBHe na Bpt.MeTO. Bee naxs U'bpKBH OT'b TOSI rarrs ClK aanaaena na MHoro Mt.cTa, OCOOHO B'b MaJla-A3HSI H CHPHSI, H TOBa e JJ.OKa3aTeJlCTBO, lie eJJ.HoKopaOHHSlT'b Oa3HJlHKaJleH'b nJlaH'b He e OHJI'b pt.JJ.KOCTb JJ.OpH H B'b naa-ornaaeseaara enoxa.

MaTepHaJl'bTD, 0T'b KOHTO e nocrpoena naurara irspxsa, ClKIUO He npbnCTaBSI xpbnxa OCHOBa sa HeHHOTO JJ.aTYBaHe. OOIUHSlT'b B'bHlIIeH'b BHJJ.'b ua paaBaJlHHHTt. OH MOr'bJl'b JJ.a HaBeJJ.e aa npt.JJ.nOJlO}KeHHeTO, lie Tt. npOH3XO}KJJ.aTD OTD K'bCHOTO Cpt.JJ.HOBt.KOBHe - XIII HJlH XIV B. - xoraro CTpOHTeJlHaTa TeXHHKa TB'bP.llt. xnoro ynana. Toraaa ce paanpocrpaasaa WHPOKO OOHlIaHTD, JJ.a ce rpaaa C'b JlOMeH'b KaM'bK'b na lIIHpOKH nJlOCKOCTH, Oe3'b Bct.KaKBH npO<pHJlH HJlH opHaMeHTaJlHH pa3l1J1eHeHHSI.IIptJJ.H3BHKaH'b OT'b OCKlKJJ.HOCTb aa Cpt.JJ.CTBaTa, TOH HallHH'b aa rpaneacs ce aazrspaca y sacs npsas K'bCHaTa enoxa na POOCTBOTO, xoraro JJ.OOHBa H H3KJlIOlIHTeJlHO paanpocrpaaeaae na ClKJJ.HM'b otiase aa npOH3XOJJ.a aa aaurara irspxsa caxo no rpaaasoro iI, OH OHJlO norpbnmo, oute noseue, xoraro saaesrs, lie rpaJJ.HBOTO C'b JlOMeHH KaM'bHH, KaTO npaaaao HJIH H3KJIIOlIeHHe, ce cpsuta npa naMeTHHUHTt. OTb HaH-JJ.'bJIOOKaTa npeeaocrs JJ.O HOBO Bpt.Me. 6t.JIHHTD XOpOCaH'b, ynoTpt.OeH'b B'b rpaaeaca, ClKIUO He e H3KJIIOlIHTeJIeH'b npaaaaxs aa K'bC' HOTO cptJJ.HOBt.KOBHe.

Ilpa pasxomorrs He ot.xa aasrspeaa HHKaKBH HaJJ.nHCH HJIH apyra npt.JJ.MeTH, KOHTO JJ.a ClK npHHaJJ.JIe}KHOCTb caxo na onpt.JJ.t.JIeHa enoxa, ra B'b3'b OCHOBa na Tt.X'b JJ.a JJ.aTYBaMepa3BaJIHHHTt.. KaTO eJJ.HHCTpeHO Cpt.JJ.CTBO npoxee JJ.a HaJIYllKaMe orrosopa aa nOCTaBeHHSI B'bnpOC'b, HH OCTaBa .lI.a ce cnpesrs HaJJ.'b nOJJ.pOOHOCTHTt. OTD apXHTeKTYpeH'b xapaxrep-s H .u.a npOBt.pHM'b nOJIyqeHHTt. OT'b Tt.X'b H3BOJJ.H lIpt.3'b .llpyrH C'bnOCTaBKH

n. MYTaB'!HeO'b, 5a3HnHKaT8 npa 406aH'b'Aepe, ECKH-lllKYMallcKo

33

')'

HtKOJlKO ocoeeaocra Bb naaaa na trspxaara MOraTb.ll.a ce B3eMaTb

aa npasaaua, lJe TSI e crpoena Bb HalJaJlOTO aa cpt.ll.HOBtKoBHeTO. Ha m.pao MtCTO Me3<.lI.Y T"BXb e OOCTOSlTeJlCTBOTO, .lI.tTO npa aes HaMHpaMe OanTHcTepHii. no Bbnpoca3a nOCTpOHKaTa aa OaDTHCTepHTt sese e rosopeao aa npyro MtCTO. 1) TaMo ce KOHcTaTHpa, se HHKOSI OTb H3BtCTHHTt H8 113ToKb H Bb OaJlKaHcKHTi> 3eMH ll"bpKBH CD oanTHCTepHH He e nO-K"bCHa OTb VI B.2) 06HKHOBeHHO OT"b VII B. nacasrs OOPSl.ll."bT"b na xp'suremrero ce H3B"bpWBa sese Bb caxara trspxaa. B"b YCTpoifcTBOTO aa oanTHCTepHTi> T"bH cxuio ,MOll(e .; na ce YCTaHOBH H3BtCTHO pa3BHTHe. .l1.oKaTo B"b CTapoxpHCTHSlHCKaTa enoxa .K"bM"b Kp"bll.{eHHe cx..ce aonyutaaa caxo B"b3paCTHliTt, nO-K"bCHOTO nossa .lI.a ce H3B"bpUlBa Ha.ll."b .lI.tl.{aTa. 3a· npt.ll.:BJI"b Me>K.lI.Y THSI nsa 00H1J3S1

'OOHKHoseHO ce 'hpKeMa VI-VII B.3) OT"b roraaa H oa~eHHHTt (piscinae) ce 3aMtHSlT"b CD KYnenH. Ilpa HaWHSI cnYlJaHHr,t3MeHiHUo cpbnno Mem.ll.Y

nHCl.{HHa H xyneas, ')

iJ .... r ,

3aKJlIOIJeBHSlTa ooalJe, na KOHTO MO>Ke i.ll.!l·' J}r~aBe.ll.e Cx..W.ecTBYBaHeTo aa 6aitTlfcrepHH npHH3BtCTHa: trspxna, He' CR;.'(AoCTaT"blJlIa . onopa npa rOlIHTa 3ci"'HeHHoTo .lI.aTYBaHe. TtBamaT"b caxo xaro .lI.OBO.ll.H B"b noasa na enaa . .lI.oraitka: AKOOT.lI.tJleHHeT03ana.ll.HO OT"b 6anTHCTepHSI e npbncrasaao xareXYMeHHH, TOBa OH >(SlIno orne e.ll.HH"b aprysreurs sa paamnoro .lI.aTHpaHe Ha

llopKBhTa. I1HCTHTYT"bT'b aa 'OI-naWeHHTt ria H3TOK"b, KaKTO H na 8~na.ll."b, H3lJeSBa TB"bP.ll.t pano H B"b BctKH cnYlJaH He ce sazrspzca cnt.ll."b yI B.

T'hpCeHKH onopaa TOlJKa aa .lI.aTYBaHeTO aa rrspaoaasaaaara nOCTpOH~a, He MO>KeM"b .lI.a He ce cnpesrs H aa HaMtpeHOTO xosnesce-peaaaeaap». OOHlJ,aSlT"b, IllOTO npa l.{"bPKBHTi> .lI.a ce csxpaasaar-s lJaCTH 0T"b MOIllHTi> na tBeTUH, e aanaseirs-a .lI.O .lI.HeC"b. nOBelJeTO 0T"b H3BtCTHHrt peaaxaaapa

~'c£'ooalJe OOHKlIOB~HH KOBlJe>KeT3 OTb Mt!Tan"b - HaH-lJeCTO Cpe~"bpHH - YKpa.~ceHH C;, KOBaHa opHaMeHTHKa H C"b nannaca. XapaKTepHOTO sa HaMtpeaU~ npa HaCTOSlIllHrt pasxonxa penaxaaap's e He caao MaTepHan"bT"b, HO

1) rn. H3BtCTHSI V CTp. 106 ca.

'C)'2) Ha aanans 6aUTHCTepH ce CTPOSlT'b AO XII B., HO TOBa C,\I. eAHHH'!HH cnysaa (rn.

La s+e y r i e, UHT. CD'!. 697 cn.), B'b Fanas BptMeTo aa Kapna BenHKH 06HKHOBeHO ce npneaa sa Ilpt.Atn'b, entll'b xoaro U'bPKBHTt ce CTPOIIT'b 6e3'b 6anTHcTepH (nas's TaM'b, 280).

3) OT'b enoxara npt3'b V-VII B. C,\I. Hall-H3BtcTHHrt sanaaeaa AHeC'b 6anrHcTepH cs 'npOCTopHH 6aceltHH (rn. Cab r 0 I, Dictionnaire d'archeol, chretienne II, CTp. 480 en., La s teyrie, . UHf. eM. 120 en.; H ol tz i n g e r, Ole altchrlstl. Architektur in system. Darsteilung, Stuttgart 1889, CTp. 212 cn.).

4) On C,\I.lIlHSI np'sxonerrs ram, e aanp, KJOB8Ta B'b in.pxaara CB. Ilerspt, H' MapKO (AHeC'b XOAlKa MycTacpa AlKaMH) B'b Ilaparpaas, crpoeaa B'b 458 r. Fn. A. Mil lin g e n, By.zantine churches -in Constantinople, London 1912, erp. 192 en.H ra6.,. 51.

HSB'liCTHR Ha Apx. APYlK. VII.

3

34

n. MyraB'IHeB1>, Oa3HJlHKaTa npa 406aH1> nepe, ECXH ll>KYMaAcKo

H CaMHBn My BHA'b - B1. aero e sanaaeaa TpalJ,HUHOHHaTa lPOpMa aa aHTHlJHHrl . capxoipasa.

HaHCTHHa, SaKJIlOlJeHHSlTa, na KOHTO HH HaBemA8- HaMi;peHHBn B'b paaaaaaasrrs na U1.pKBaTa peJlHKBHap1., He CJK pi;waB8mH S8 HeAHan A8Ta. Toil .Mome Aa e npsaecem, TYK'b H lJ,8 Hba, HHK8KBa apsaxa CD C8MaTa U1.PKB8; Bseaars JlH ce 06alJe npi;A'b BHlJ,1.":JI lJ,pyrHn HsnKHaTH AO TYK1. ocoeeaocra, ace nO-rOJli;MO OCHOBaHHe AOGHBa Bi;pOHTHOCTbTa, mOTO H3eni;ABaHaTa CTapHHa na npOHsXOlKAa on nc-paaaara XPHCTHHHCKa enoxa. 3a nOllKpi;na na TaKOB8 lJ,aTYBaHe MOran na cenpaseaarsa ApyrH nOAp06Hocr,H on HeHHHB nJlaH1.. Heaaara ancaza - KpJKrJla OTB'bH'be He06~KlloBeHa sa BHsaHTHilcKHrl U1.pKBH on CptJlHHB nepaoas: rlx· HHrl ancHAH CJK CD nOJlHrOHaJlHH B1.HWHH OlJ'bpTaHHH.l.) Kp&rJlHrl anCHAH C& HSBi;CTHH TyK'b caxo npa naMeTHHUHn aa npiJAIOCTHHHaHOBaTa apxaTeKTYpa, entlJ,1. KoeTO H3lJeSBaT'b, sa na ce HBHn OTHOBo npa U1.PKOBHHT'h nocrpoaxa on XIII-XIV B. Haurara U1.pKBa no HHKOR HalJHH1. He Mome lJ,a 6JKAe oraecena K1.M1. TaB noeni;AHH enoxa, H aKO xasaaara nOAp06HOCTb He e pesyarar-s on Hi;KaKBH oco6eHHBK}'COBe HJlH BJlHHHHB. me Tpi;6Ba

.aa ce npaexe sa 6tntro na lJ,aTYBaHe HaR MaJlKO npi;AH ¥II B. C'b KpJKrJlH B1.HWHH OlJ1.pTaHHSl C& anCHAHTt aa MHoro on CT3PHrl U1.pKBH B1. CHPHB H B&Tpi;wHa MaJla-AsHH. B1. HaWHB enYlJaR Mome }~a ce nptAnoJlara nOll.06HO H3TOlJHO BJlHHHHe; TO, B1. cK06HKasaHO. e npoaaeao H B1. nOAKOBo06pasHHB nJlaH1. na utJlara ancaaa; HO CJKlll.OrO'TOBa BJlHHHHe e HOB'b nOBOlJ,1., lJ,3 ce .0THece nOCTpOHBaHeTO aa U1.pKBaTa K1.M'b npi;lJ,IOCTHHHaHOsara enoxa, xoraro BHsaHTHH orne He 6t HaJlOmHJla H3ll.'b nOJlYOCTpOBa KYJlryPHOTO CH BJlHHHHe H CBOHrl' apXHTeKTypHH H XYlJ,OmeCTBeHH lPOPMH.

BHAi;xMe, Ife B1. aaraps na H3YlfB3HaTa U1.pKBa C& sanasean OCTaT'bUH on CHHTPOH1. - nOJlYKpJKrJl3 aMlPHTeaTpaJlHa ecrpaaa, na KOHTO C& celJ,i;JlH THH 0T"b IfJleHoBerl Ha KJlHpa, KOHTO He BSeMaJlH npi;KO YlfaCTHe B1. 60rOCJlYlICeHHeTO. B1.npOCDn sa pas6HPaHHHTa HJlH HYlKAHn, KOHTO nphaHSBHKBaT1. . TOBa OTAi;JlHHe aa nyxoaeacraoro B'b CneUHaJlHO Mi;CTO aa xpaxa, He e AOCTanlfHO paSHCHeH1.. Caarpoeoaers ce cpi;man caxo npa U1.PKBHrl C1. rOJltMb KJlHP1., npa KOHTO He UtJlOTO .n:YXOBeHCTBO e MOrJlO aa YlfaCTBYBa B'b JlHTyprHHTa. 06HKHOBeHO TOB.a CJK 6HJlH enacxoncxara U1.pKBH H sa TOBa B1. Cpi;lJ,aTa Ha BCHlfKHlJ.06pi; sanaseHH CHHTpOHOBe HaMHpaMe no- BHCOKaTa KaTeApa, KOSITO e 6HJla orpeneaa sa enacxona.s) no-

1) rJl. no CJKIlI,HH B1>npOC1> H 113B1lCTHH V CTp. 105.

2) Hanp. npa 6a3HJlHKaTa. B1> Ilapeauo (rJl. Die h I, Manuel d'art byzantin, Paris 1910 crp, 164; H ii b s c h, Die altchristl, Kirchen, CTp. 46, Ta6JJ. XX, 8, 9; R e use n s, Elemen~

..

----------------------------.-------------------------------------

n. MYTaB'IHeB'b, 6a3HnHKaTa npa lJ06aH'b-.!lepe, ECKH-,n>KYMaltcKo

35

paJUI TOBa 06CTOBTeJICTBO H nO-HHSKH-rB OTb HeB CeA8JIH1ll8 sa OOOKHOBeHOTO AYXOBeRCr80 C&. ce HapHlJaJIH oute subsellia, CJUl-'ocJi£)..Atl%, &p6vQt 8e6{)-e?Qt. 1) Ha sanam, 0611'11UlTh Aa ce CTpOSlTb cy6CeJIHH ce SaA'bp)f(a AO IX B.,2) xoraro na HSTOK'b BCHIJKH H3B'kCTHH U'bpKBH CD CHHTpOHOBe He HSrJIe)f(.ltan nO·K'bCHH OTb VI B.3) KaTO 6tJItro sa 'TaKOBa HMeHHO paamao AaryBaHP, sa KOeTO sese npHBeAOXMe H apyra C'b06pa>KeHHB, MO)f(e SHallH Aa ce asexe CHHTPOH'bTb na nanrara trspxsa. Ho aerosoro cxmecrsyeaue ryK'b HaBe)f(.lta H aa npyro eAHO nptAnOJIO)l(eHHe - lJe irspxaara e 06CJIymBaJIa HtKaKBO SHallHTeJIHO ceaauie, Mome' 60 CT8p'b enHCKonCKH' ueHT'bp'b.

HaA'b CKJIOHa, B'b IIHHTO OCHOBH e trspicaara, ce HaMHpaTb paSBaJIHHH aa Kpi;noCTb. TB e saeaaaa HSTOIJHOTO npOA'bJI)f(eHHe ua X'bJIM8, KOHTO B'b BHAD na TtceH'b eSHK'b ce HaABtCSl Han,'b npOJIOMa HaA'b KaJIraMalJ'b- nepe nptAH H3JIHSaHeTO My B'b paBHHHaTa (rJI. 06p. 7). nO-rOJItMaTa xacrs OTb C1"hHHTt na xpanocrera ~ paspymeaa AO OCHOBH, HO K'bM'b sanam, on TtX'b ~ sanaseaa OT~CJIeUH aa BHCOIIHHa AO 1112 M. Fpaaena cz, KaKTO H m-pxaara, OTb JIOMeHH KaM'bHH CD xopaes 6tJI'b xopocaas. X'bJIM'bT'b, aa KOHTO ce aaxapa xpsnocrsra, ce YA'bJIlKaBa aa lOrD B'b WHpOKa, CJIa60HSAHrallla ce nOJIBHa, KOSITO CD HMeTO K a JI e - A 103 10 AOCTHra AO CT8pOnJI8HHHCKHB BP'bX'b 4HOHaK'b. CaMHBTb IOlKeH'b CKJIOH'b CD MtCTHOCTbTa OKOJIO irspxaara H WHpOKaTa naAHHa sanaaso OTb HeB, no JItBHB 6ptrD aa psxara, e HSBtCTeH'b

d'archeologte chretlenne, Louvain 1885, I, 195); canto npa Tall B'b Topseao (H U b s C h, CTp. 92 Ta6J1. XXVIII; ~ e use n s, U. c. 193 CJI.; Len 0 i r, Architecture monastique, Paris 1852, I crp, 204 en.).

. 1) A. S C h u 1 t z e, ArchAologie der aItchristl. Kunst,' MUnchen 1895, CTp. 130; Ho l-

z I n g e r, Die altchristliche Architektur in systematischer Darstellung, CTp. 162 en.

2) HanpHMi;p'b IS ... xaoro OT'b PHMCKHrl 683HnHKH (S. Marla Maggiore, S. Prassede, S.

Maria In Trastevere H .!lp.). B'b naaaa aa AM6p03HaHcKaTa 6a3HJlHKa OT'b IX B. HaMHpaMe cy6- CeJIHHrl, xoraro B'b TOll OT'b XI B. rl nHnCBaT'b (C 1 a u sse, Basiliques et mosatques chretlennes, Paris 1883, I crp. 386). CaMO B'b CHUHnHlI HaMHpaMe Cy6CeJIHH H K8TeJlPH CD nO-K'bCHa JlllT3. TaK'bB'b e enY'lallT'b aanp. npa noerpoeaara CD OC06HO BeJlHKOni;nHe MHtpononHTcKa U'bpKBa B'b MOHpeane 0T'b 1182 r, (C 1 a u sse, u, c. II, 81). Ilpa pOMaHcKHrl U'bpKBH CHHtpOH'bT'b B'b paarne)KJlaHHlI My BH.!l'b nHnCBa (L a s t e y r I e, u, c. 694).

II) C'b CHHTpoHOBe, cnopeas Hubsch'a, CA 6HnH U'bpKBHrl Ha CB. fp06'b H B'b TPHP'b, nocrpoeaa 0T'b KOHCTaHTHH8 (u, c. pl. XXXI, 1- 3). Me>K.!lY naecs aanaseaars H H3Bi;CTHH U'bpKBH aa H3TOK'b CH8TP08'b aaaapaue npa irspxsara Y crrsaae B'b HHKeli (W u If, Kolmesiskirche In Nicla, Strassburg 1903, CTp. 180) H CB. Haxoaa B'b MHpa (R 0 t t, Klelnasiatische Denkmaler, Leipzig 1908, erp, 328 cn.). Ha6anK8HCKHlI noayocrpoas C& H3Bi;cTHH.!l0 cera caao TpH U'bpKBH CD C8HtpOH'b: crapara MHtpononHlI B'b MeceMBpHli (lll K op n H n 'b', lJepHoMOPCKOTO KpaA6pi;>KHe, Mc6. III, crp, 27; M . .l: i m mer man n, 8eitriige zur Kenntnls christl, Denkmaler In Bulgarlen, Berlin 1913, crp, 5), uspxaara CB. I1pHHa B'b Ilaparpam, (6i;nlleB'b, XpaM'b CB. HPHBbI, BH3aHT. BpeMe8HHK'b 1782 en.; W. Georges, The church of Saint Elrene at Constantinople, Oxford, crp, 27 en.) H HeOT.!laBHa pasxparara U'bpKBa B'b lJepBeBCK8Ta Kpi;nOCTb (K. III K 0 P n II n 'b, Onacs aa crapanars no Te'leBHeTO aa ptKa PyceBcKII JIOM'b, Co4IHlI 1914, CTp. 158).

..

36

O. MYT8B'lneB"b. 083HJlIIK8T8 IlP~ 4068H"b-Aepe,,RcKH-lllKYM3I!.cKo

lU10KonHOTO TypCKO aaceaeaae . cs HMeTO, I1H.iC;ap,'b K'h (YHCapn'hK'h). TyK'h H3'hCnpHHutatlice cpsmar-s napsera. OT]> rnHHeHH C.iYi.JJ;oae{'a 'npt3'h api>Me na pasKonKHrl6tHaMtpeHa neJJ;aJIelJ'h 0T'h U'hp.1CBa'ta H enna 6POH-

,30Ba MOHeTa 0T'h IOcTHHa 1(518-527 r.). 3aJJ;'h cpbutynoaosoraa.cssepem, CKnOH'h HaJJ;'h xpsnocrsra ce npocrapa WupOKalJ}f:3K!:I KOTAbB.HHa~AXMe.J('b· lJaHp'h,C.iYi.lUO yctslHa CD napsera-ryxaa H xepaxana, lJepen.KBOnrrJlHHeHH C~Jf.O,Be, a np'SJJ;H pa3,KOQKHrl 'TyK'h e 6}:lna HaMtpeHa H.,eJlHaJ3n8TH.a MO' sera OT'h 3eHOHa (474~479 r.). B'h~xycpt:~ynonO)KHHJJ,"J1.eCeH'b 6p-tn. aa Kaaraaavs-nepe ·C~i\Ba)l(1l.aT1> 3a,CJfnaHH rpaaana. OTb KaM'hHH; n(1)JJ;'h T.hX'h

'BtPOSITHO HMa, HtKal()'lH,;pa;iJ)38Jtt.tHH. 113TO'lHo";01'h rl~'b,;ce>f1pOCTHpa lIJHpOKa'CeJJ;nOlJHHa -':',6IOIOK'h-analrb, a orne no aa H3TOK'h.+KIO'IYKl,.~naH'h. B'h TaR' nocllt.lI:tUlTanptJJ;H .llece~Hfla rOJJ;HHH ~(Jj;llI~aTaHa ,trn,HH1>ayplJHH'h . one. Y06aH'h~jlepe QHJIH H3pOtlea~' .0~().1l0 ,~O ,cpe6'J;pl!H ~Henr· i OT'b HB.

Anel<cauJJ;pa If MH:l.[aHJla.." n:J;Ji',~qEf"· .f j 1;) n

, ", BCHtfKH,l"OptHsopoeHH 6tnt:,!H:H HaXOJJ;KHCBHJJ;tTe..IlCTBYBaT'b~:: lJeHa TOBa MtcrO ,ce e }j8MHpano 3Ha'lJHtenHO ceaaiue, '1HeTOl C.iYi.lUeCTBYBBHe cnopezrs HaMtpeHHrl .MOHeTH MO}Ke JJ;8P~:.n:e npocrsaeuo 0T'b K'hCROPHMCKaT8 .enoxa AOKP~SI H8 BTOPOTO 6'I;>J{rapCKO uapC11BO. Kp:!;noorbT3, KOHTO ro e nasaaa, .e 6Hn8 R'b.' C.iYi.lUOTO BptMe H,;SBeHO B'h separara ,YKptneHH

,Mtcra, ,KOHTO £~ 6paUHnH nptnt3HTt npt3'b Ta)1'IJIlOT!;:Ha~ Crapa-naasaaa. 3a HerOBOTO HMe H sa MHHanOTO My He 3HaeM'h HHlUO., Ho U'hp~a,'~oHTO ro e o6CJJy>KBaJ1a;.lUe. ecrio~i>n~JJ~, HerO.BHrl C~JJ;6HHH. 'Mome 6H -ors ne-

, • ". _./ .. • 'J.. ,. I - _. .'. .., -' - - .•

rOBHTt aHTHlJHH nocrpoaxa me e JJ;OCTaBeHa lJ8CTb OT'b MaTepHi:1Jla aa rrsp-

BOTO if 06HoBHB8ffe. KDM'h,'RO¢: ap-hMe IIl.eTpt6B.~ na 6i\Vl.e 'O;;R~te.Ho roaa

. ,',' ,'-' -- ; - ~ _'". .;:;' . - . ~ - -. - '

nocntJJ;HOTO; cxuto T'bH,;'ejM~'JJIO JJ;ace O!1pi>JJ;tJIl{; Ma~jlpD sacras-

HOTO pa3wHpeHHeaa fl'bpB6'HaQanHaTa u':'pKaa;, :!f' H3JJ.HraHeTo 'H 'B'h no"3HCKaH'h nnaH" Aa'Hai:rl~;;ailn" ~a ron-hMHrh:·fb6HTH'H '0T'b H8'1aJIOTO H8

, '. ~ - .) '-' _ ... ,' ol ',: .""~' ,_. ,J , -

6'hnrapCKara HcrOPHSI --" npi;C&IIeHHeTO B'h noayocrposa H npaeaaaero -IIa

xpHcrHHHCTSOTO. IUd ceoTh~,~" Ai> HeHHoto nOBTopHO B'b306HOBHSltHe, to ute e 0T'b TB'hp.n:t J<'hCH8~nQxa. HO CHrypHO nptJJ;H 'I:YPCKOTO',3aBoeB8HHe, xoraro KaI<TOCeJJHlUeTo,'M.it- H;U'bpKB8Ta C.iYi. '6H~H 'YHHlUO}KeHH, a utnHHT'h TOH KpaH saceaetrs cs TyPUH.

La b.a s i l i q u e pres Tch o ba n-Der e, ar ro nd lsse m e nt-d'Eskl-.

D j 0 u maYa. -- La decouverte de cette basilique est due a l'inondatien de 1'914 dans 'la vallee' de Kalgarnatch-Dere, lorsque, sous la riveernportee .par les eaux, apparurent les vestiges d'une ruine. Lesfouilles entreprises par la Societe archeologique bulgare aboutirent aux constatations suivarrtes; La

n. MYTaS'IHeS'b, 5a3HJJIIKaTa npa 406aH'b-.llepe, ECKII-.J.>KYMallcKO

37

basilique (voir le plan, figure 9), aux dimensions de 24'75 m. sur 16'80 m., ne presentait dans sa construction primitive qu'une nef; plus tard, par deux rangees de pilastres, elle a recu encore deux nefs laterales. L'abside a la forme d'un fer a cheval, une particularite que 1'0n rencontre pour la premiere fois dans les constructions religieuses de l'art chretien primitif en Bulgarie. Dans l'abside ont ete trouves des vestiges de sieges (synthrone) (fig. 10). Au nord de la basilique on remarque les fondements d'un catechumene (fig; 9,B) ei' druil baptistere (fig. 10 C, 18 et 19). Pour laconstruction de l'edifice primitif etaient employes 1& pierre brisee et le mortier blanc. Dans les M.tisses supplementaires, d'une epoque posterieure, on rencontre des. blocs en tuf. Les briques n'ont ete employees que dans les voutes, Elles portent souvent des empreintes faites aux doigts sur la terre crue avant qu'eJ1e eut passe au four (fig. 22). Dans l'abside a ete trouve un reliquaire en marbre ayantIa.forme d'un .sarcofage et aux dimensions suivantes: h. 14 cm., 1. 14 cm., largo 9 em. (fig. 24). Le reliquaire, cachete de plornb, contenait quelques menus ossements et deux petits vases en verre. Parmi les autres objets trouves, c'est la croix en bronze (fig. 25) qui merite une attention particuliere. - En considerant Ie baptistere, le catechurnene et le synthrone, on pcut dater la premiere construction a l'epoque chretienne primitive, en tous cas: non· posterieure all Vile siecle.

P. Moutaftchiew et U. Gospodinow.

, 1):

I '.

('·1

, ".11

D.Bt CTapHHHH U'hPKBH B1> OKOJIHOCTbTa aa rp. Cspt,

•

ors C. H. 606QeB'b .-+----

,llBi; CTapHHHH nOCTpOHKH B'b OKOJIHOCTbTa na rp. Ci;p'b npHBIIHlIaT'b BHHMaHHeTO na nxrnaxa C'b xy6aBaTa CH apXHTeKTYpa B'b BHaaHTHHCKH CTHJI'b. TOBa C.li'\ pasaaaaaara na MaJiKaTa l\'bpKBa "CB. HHKOJla", na aaTOl(HHSI KpaA na cspcxara crapa Kpi;nOCTb, H trspxsara "CB. HHKOJIaK Bb c. ,llYTJlH, 6 KJlM. csaepao 0T'b rpana.

Hi;KOJIKOTO xaca, KOHTO nHWeIllHHT'b THSI peaose MOlK8 .zta OT,Zti;JlH aa 6i;rJlo·apXHTeKTYPHO CHHMaHe Ha naH l\'bpKBH npi;3'b Bpi;Me Ha BoeHHaTa CH cJlYlK6a B'b ci;PCKHH KpaA 01"& 1916-1918 r., ceraWHOTO HM'b C'bCTOSlHHe H JlHnCaTa aa nO-nOJlOlKHTeJJHH CBi;.zti;HHR aa Ti;xHOTO MHHaJlO, He nosaozaxa, 1ll0TO onacaaaero HM'b .zta 6&.zte HSlIepnaTeJlHO H HayqBaHeTO HM'b n'bJiHO. Lh.pxeara na cspcxara Kpi;nOCTb, .KORTO OT.ztaBHa Belle e paasaJlHHa, CKOPO me ce 'C'b60PH C'bBci;M'b H me ce Hsry6H sa HSCJli;.ztBalla, aKO He ce nanpasa Hi;1ll0 aa 3anaSBaHeTO H. TOBa He CTaHa HHTO npi;3'b Bpi;Me aa uamero, HHTO npi;3'b Bpi;Me aa rpsuxoro (1913-1916) KPaTKoTpaHHo ynpaaaeaae ua ci;PCKHH KpaH H eaaa JlH CKOPO me ce nanpasa. no TaR npHlIHHa H3Yl(BaHeTO na l\'bPKBHri; B'b ceranmaa HM'b BH.zt'b, nopana HCTOpHlIeeKHSI H xy.ztOlKeCTBeH'b aarepecs, KOHTO n npi;.ztCTaBSIT'b. MH ee BH.zti; He06xo.ztHMO.

I

U'bpKBaTa .CB. HHKOJla" na cspcxara Kpi;noCTb e nocrpoeaa, KaKTO ce xasa, aa H3TOllHHSI KpaH na uaraaeaara (csaepao 0T'b rpana), TOKY no caaara Kpi;nOCTHa crsaa. OT'b HeR e OCTaHaJlO cera caao: ancanara aa anrapa, caMHHT'b aaraps, csaepaara "anCH.zta K, .ztBa 0T'b naH.ztaHTHBHn aa ueaTpMHHH KYnOJl'b H MaJlKa l(aCTb 0T'b ni;BHH KYnOJl'b aa nparaopa (06p. 27 -29. no 4>oTorpa41HH 0T'b ,ll-p'b B. <l>HJlOB'b). tIaCTb 0T'b C'b60peHHH uearpaaem, KYDOJl'b JlelKH B.li'\Tpi; B'b caaara uspsea.

C. H. 5061JeB'b, llBt CTapHHHH U'bpKBH B" OKOJIHOCTbTa aa rp. Ctp'b 39

Llt.pxaara HMa ynpocrerrs naam, aa ezsoxopaeaa KynOJIHa TpHKOH· XaJIHa 1) nOCTpOHKa Cb npHTBOPb (06p. 30). KbMb ror-s H cssepi, OTb nonxynOJIHOTO MtCTO Ha xpaMa H3JIH3aTb TBbp.zr.t K~CHTt HanptqHH paMeHa Ha xp'scra (nonxyrroanar-h csonoae-apxa), KOHTO aaaspuraat-s Cb nOJIYKpJKrJIH HHUJH; aa H3TOKb on Hero e enaoxoparinasr-s anraps cs TpH aJITapHH HHUJH, a na sanam, e 6HJIO 06HKHOBeHoTo, paaabaeao na TpH qaCTH npsnnaepae.

nbJI>KHHaTa ua rrspxsara e 6HJIa 11'90 M., uraposaaara - 9'10 M., .zr.e6eJIHHaTa aa CTtHHTt e cphnao 90 CM. BHCOqHHaTa na rJIaBHHSI KOPHH3b,

06p. 27. - Lh.pxaara CB. HHKOJIa npn Ctp'b, rnenaaa OT .. aanam, (no 4>oTorpa4>IHI OT'b ll·p'b 6. <PHJlOB'b).

KpaCHBO KOMn03HpaHb OTb nsa peaa TyXJIH na jHl"'b.3arb, e OKOJIO 5 M. OTb ceraUJHOTO HHBO, KoeTO e Cb OKOJIO 1 MeTbpb nO·BHCOKO on HtKO· ralIlHOTO. Ham, KOPHH3HTt e nossam, 06HKHoBeHb nsycrpanem, nOKpHBb no .zr.bJIraTa OCb na m.pxsara, xp scrocairs OTb C~llI.O TaKbBb no K~caTa OCb (BbPXY pH3aJIHT006pa3HHSI rpancerrrs). Ha np'scasanero na Tt3H nsa nOKpHBa ce e H3.zr.HraJIb ueHTpaJIHHSlTb KynOJI'h, uocerrs BtPOSlTHO on 6apa· 6aHb. KOJIKO BHCOKb H KaKbBb e 6HJIb T03H 6apa6aHb, He MO>Ke .zr.a ce YCTaHOBH, TbH KaTO ce e 3ana3HJIa caxo enaa HHllI.O>KHa sacn, OTb OCHOBaHHeTO MY, aa BHCOqHHa OKOJIO 40 CM. Bb BctKH CJIyqaH TOH 6H HH .zr.aJIb

1) C'b TpH .anCH.1lH· HJm nO·TOIJHO C'b TpH HHlllH (KOHXH), KOHTO aaraapsru xpaauiara ua xp scra. Ta3H 4>opMa ce aapuua Il'b HOBO BptMe • .1ltTeJlHHOBH.1lHa·.

40 C. H. 606'1eBb, llBt Crapl1HHH U1,PKBH Bb oxomoctsra na rp. Cbpt,

eJI.HH OTb HaM rJIaBHliTt JI.aHHH sa xapaxrepasapaae H JI.aTHpaHe aa trspKBaTa. AnCHJI.HTt c,¥. 6HJIH nOKpHTH Cb napaaananerrs (ct. panna HJIH KpHBa nOBpbXHHHa) nOKpHBb, a KynOJIbTb - BtP05lTHO Cb «pepasecxa. UbPKBaTa e HMaJIa H nOJI.3eMHa 'IaCTh (xparrra), KoeTO ce BH}!(JI.a OTb 3ana3eHH5I H nposopetrs aa H3TO'lHara ancana,

BbHlIIHOCThTa na rrspxsara, MaKap'h H Cb npOCTH cptJI.CTBa, e yxpacena H pasnoctipaaeaa Cb peJI.YBaHeTO na JI.Ba TYXJIeHH H eJI.HHb KaMeHeHb pezrs, Ka1<TO H Cb CJItnHTt apxa - no JI.Bt aa scsxa anCHJI.a - KaTO cpbnI15lTa crpana na TpHCTpaHHliTt anCH.lI.H e HMaJIa, BMtCTO czrlsrra apxa, JI.BOeHb

06p. 28. - Lh.pxnara CB. HHKoiIa rrpa Cbps, raenana OTb IOrO-H3TOKb (no !jJoTorpa!jJI1H OTb ll-Pb 6. ¢lliIOBb).

nposopetrs. 3a Cb}!(aJIeHHe Tt3H np030pLl.H, KOHTO C,¥. 6HJIH pa3JI.tJIeHH aa JI.Bt, BtP05ITHO Cb MaJIKa KOJIOHKa, cera ClK TbM nOBptJI.eHH, 'Ie rrspsona'IaJIHH5lTb HMb BHJI.b MO}!(e JI.a ce Bb3CTaHOBH caxo no nptJI.nOJIO}!(eHHe. OTb JI.BtTt CTpaHH na anrapaara anCHJI.a, Bb MaJIKHrn anCHJI.H, HMa orne JI.Ba TSbPJI.t TtCHH np030pLl.H. OCBtHb ors TH5l np030pLl.H, irspxsara ce e OCBtTHB3JIa BtPOSITHO H o'rs np030pLl.HTt na 6apa6aHa, KOHTO ClK 6HJIH no eAHfl"&' Ha scsxa OTb 'neroear-s ocexs CTpnHH, HJIH nbKb caxo na 'IeTHpH o+b;TB~'£, -'-' npt3b eziaa. Taxa ~bPKBaTa e 6HJIa JI.OCTaTb'lHO csbraa.

OPHTBOPbTb (HapTHKa) Cb JI.SaTa MaJIKH KynOJIa na JI.BaTa CH KP,UI MO}!(a JI.a ce S'h3CTaHOBH Sb nnam, 6JIarOJI.apeHHe na eJI.HHb oxorrs, narrpa-

~-~----------------

C. H. 606l1eBo, .llBt CTapHHHH UbpKBH Bo OKOIIHOCTbTa na rp. Ctpo 41

BeHb sa aoenaa HY>K)J,lf, KOi-iTO OTKPlf OCHOBlfTt My. Otiase apxarexrypara sa rJIaBHlfSI CPPOHTb (KbMb aanazn.) OCTaBa zra ce Bb3CTaHOBlf caxo no np'hanonoacenne. 3a 3a6tJIt3BaHe e, 'Ie npa BbHKaUlHaTa apxarexrypna 06pa60TKa He BlfHarlf C~ cna3BaHH e)J,HaKBlf )J,bJI>KHHH 3a CbOTBtTHH lJaCTH OTb )J,BtTt crpana na CHMeTplflJHaTa OCb (rJI. paasrsparb, oaaaseua aa 06p. 30).

3acBo)J,SIBaHeTo na trspxaara (xynona, nOJIYKynOJIH H L{HJIHH)J,plflllm csonoae) e nOCTHrHaTO ocotieao snpaso Cb rpH>KJIHBO asm.pureua CBpb3K3 H3 TYXJIlfTt lJpt3b nJIaCTOBHlJHa onaurxa", T. e. Cb penone nozrs ~rbJIb OTb

Orip, 29. - CtBepH3T3 KOHxa H3 UopKB3Ta CB. HHKOll3 npa Cbpr., rnenana OTIl"'Tpii (no ¢oTorpa¢Hll oro ll-pb D. <I>.J.~OBb)

OKOJIO 45° cupbxo OCbTa aa caona (06p. 31 H 32). nbJIrOTpaHHocTbTa na TlfSI CBO)J,OBe ce )J,bJI}!{H Me>K)J,y zrpyroro H na nptHMyw:ecTBaTa na TaSI cap saxa, KOSITO HtMa aKCHaJIHH cpym, paaaosrbpno paanp'szrsaa aairsraaero BbPXY BCHlJKH CTtHH If nasa npasnnno yafsraae na CBO)J,a npa CTpOe>Ka My. 4e.THPHTt rJIaBHH CBO)J,OBe·apKlf, aoceuia 6apa6aHa, aanaaar-s Bb cphaara CH CJIa6b, ensa 3a6tJIt>KHMb BPbXb, KOHTO 06alJe He ce OTpa3SIBa BbPXY nOJIyxynoxar-s naancaaarb. Tt3lf apxa C~ xpacaso KOHcTpYHpaHlf OTb )J,tJIaHb TYCPb If TYXJIH. Anrapst s e 3aCBO)J,eHb no ocoriea-s HalJHHb Cb rpa L{HJIHH)J,PHlJHH CBO)J,a, OTb KOHTO Cpt)J,HHSlTb ce HOCH OTb )J,PYfHTt )J,Ba.

3a 3H)J,OBeTt C~ ynorp stiean rpanarna KaMbHH, B3eTH OTb ptncara, 3aKp~rJIeHH OTb BJIalJeHeTO aa BO)J,aTa, a nI-IJIaCTpHTt H HtKOH nporpaaa-

42 C. H. 506'1eBb, llB1; CT3pHHHH UbpKBH B'& OKOJlHOCTbT3 sa rp. Cbpt,

pana apxarexrypaa lIaCTH Bb Bx..Tp-BIllHOCTbTa cx.. OTb .l1.-BJIaHb TyCPb. KOHCTPYKIJ.HSlTa e TbH COJIH.l1.Ha - H-BIUO xapaxrepao aa nOCTpOHKHTt OTb PHMCKO H BH3aHTHHCKO Bp-BMe - lie CTapHHTb nxreurecreeaarcs no MaKe.l1.0HHH Cousinery, KaTO rosopa aa aes, Cb npaso 3a6tJI-B3Ba: .les cailJoux sont d'une forme arrondie et par la peu propres a la oatisse : mais its sont lies par un ciment si dur qu'it resiste a la force du marteau- .1) BCHqKO

06p. 30. - n,1aHb H3 UbpKB3T3 CB. HHKOJl3 npa Cbp s.

OCTaHaJIO e aarpa.aeno OTb TyXJIH Cb cpopMaTb 36X15X3'5 CM. H-BKOH OTb T-BXb cs: np'aneuean H raauara e cronena na qepHa CTbKJIeHa Maca. OTb nO-TbHKHTt apxarexrypna qaCTH Bb Bx..Tp-BIllHOCTbTa e OIJ.-BJI-BJIb in situ, H TO He HaBC-BKx...l1.-B, caao e.l1.lfHb npotpaaapam, B-BHeltb aa BHCOqlfHaTa aa xanareaar-h, KOHTO e OTlI,-BJIHJIb CTtHlfT'B OTb CBOlI,OBeT-B OKOJIOBPbCTb W1 IJ.-BJIaTa IJ.bpKBa.

1) Co 11 sin e r y, Voyage dans 1a Macedoine, Paris 182~, 11 1.59-160.

C. H. Do6qeBb, llBt. CrapHHHH UbpKBH Bb OKOJlHOCrbra aa rp. CtPb 43

OTB~Tpt trspxsara e 6HJIa aanacana C'b if>peCl<OBa >KHBOnHCb, CJIa6H CJIt.11.H on KOSITO HMa H .11.0 cera. 06pa3HT-B H Ha.11.nHcHTt C~ nOBpt.11.eHH .11.0 HeY3HaBaeMOCTb He OT.11.aBHa, KoeTO JIHlIH no rrpbcnorara na .11.paCKOTH-

f=-J=1=*==i=t:1 =l1=!I=I'~1 oFf =1=1 "*1 =======II,,~"nr>·

1 Ii

-

06p. 31. - KOHcrpYKUHSI aa csoaosers aa KOHxHTt; BN>.TptllleHb aaraem.,

HHTt. no .11.YMHT-B aa cspsaaa .11.0 npt.11.H 60-70 rO.11.HHH rrspxsara 6HJIa 3.11.paBa, HO B'b HeSi He ce CJIY>KeJIO H JIeKa nOJIeKa TSI ce C060pHJIa on ar-

06p. 32.

KOHCTPYKUHSI aa csoaosers na KOHXHTt; asmuem, aarnem..

Mocif>epHH BJIHSlHHH, OT'b TYPUHT-B H 3eMJIeTpeCeHHSlTa. HHKOH He ce norpa>KHJI'b 3a nonpasaaero H 3ana3BaHeTO H.

Koraro aa 27 MaH 1917 ron, nocsrax-s aa np'bB'b n~Tb Ctp'b, saaaPHX'b rpana, a ocoeeno xp'snocrsra, yxptmeaa MO.11.ePHO H BKJIlOlIeHH B'b

.--~.--.------.-.--~--- ---

44 C. H. Do64eB"b, llBt cTapHHHH U"bpKBH B"b OKOIIHOCTbTa aa rp. CtP"b

rrspsara OT6paHHTeJIHa JIHHHSI CptIUY aparoser-s HH; npa TOBa nOJIO:>KeHHe Tt He6txa MHOrO y.n.06HH aa H3CJIt.n.BaHHSI. B'b rpana CBt.n.tHHSI sa CTapara IJ.'bpKBa He HaMtpHxb; MtCTHOTO Y'IHTeJICTBO H .n.YXOBeHCTBOOTCJ¥.TCTBYaaure, a 6H6JIHOTeKHTt aa MHTpOnOJIHSlTa H IJ.'bpKBHTt ?txa He.n.OCTJ¥.nHH aa MeHe. )KHTeJIHTt aa rpazta n'bK'b MH 06S1CHSlBaxa MHHaJIOTO aa «p snocrsrn

06p. 33.

PeKoHcTPYHpaH"b naraem, na m.pxsara CB. HHKOlIa npa C'sp s ; 113T04Ha rpacana.

H IJ.'bpKBaTa H nocphacrsoxn, cpaHTaCTH'IHH H cyeaspan nerenna 3a 6op- 6HTt C'b TYPUHTt, B'b KOHTO nO'lTH HHIUO npaanononoono HtMa.

HHe ce onaraaxe na B'b3CTaHOBHM'b IJ.'bpKBaTa B'b3'b OCHOBa na sanaaeHlfrt H nO-rJI3BHH 'IaCTH (o6p. 33 H 34). Cnopem, nacs, B'bT03H CH BH.n.'b, 1'51 e naMeTHHK'b OT'b BptMeTo CJIt.n.'b OHaSl enoxa B'b HCTopHSlTa na BH3aHTHiicKaTa apxaresrypa, KOSltO npod» Strzygowski napasa "cpt.n.HlI" HOT.n.tJISI 'Ipt3'b ro.n.HHHTt 867 (xpan na HI<OH06opCTBOTO) H 1204 (npsaaexanero naLlapa- '

C. H. Do64eB'b, 11Bt CrapHHHH U'bpKBH B'b OKOIlHOCTbTa aa rp. Ctp'b 45

-irpam, OTb I<P'h!2TOHOCI.IJITt H3 OaJl.11.ymta) OT'1>.11.B-B .11.pyri16-B.11.HH H T~}I{HH 3aSH3aHTHM,CI<OTO CTpOHTeJlHO H3KYCTBO enOXH. Cbo6pa}l{eHHHTa HH C~ C:lJ1>.11.",HT1>. 5ICHO aapasesa cpopMa na BH3aH'rHficKa enaoxopatiaa xynonna TPHI<OH-

06p. 34.

Beprnxaaerrs paapss's aa ut.pxsara CB. Haxoaa npn Cbp s B'b pexoncrpyapauas i1 BHJ('b.

XaJIHa rrspxsa cpbutaxe 3a np sm, n~Tb nOJIO}l{HTeJIHO .11.aTHpaHa Bb COJIYH' cxara irspxaa nCB. I1JIHH" OTb 1012 ron. (o6p. 35).1) Orb rosa Bp1>Me TH

1) [II. C h. T e X i ere t R. P. Pull a n, L'architecture byzantine ou recueil de monuments des premiers temps du chrlstianisme en Orient, Londres 1864, CTp. 164; R. B 0 r rman n und J. N e u w i r t h, Geschichte der Baukunst, Leipzig 1904, _ II CTp. 99. OO/.l06Ha

46 C. H. D06'1eBo, 11.Bt cTapHHHH U'hPKBH Bo OKOJIHOCTbTa aa rp. Ctpo

------:::.;:::_~-::--~--~~~~-;::========================

craaa, T'bH .lJ.a ce xasce, KaHOHH3HpaHb OTb H3TOlJHaTa trspxsa nJIaHb, TH· naserrs aa MaJIKH H Cpt.lJ.HH MOHaCTHpCKH llbpKBH HJIH rocnonapcxa rrspxsanapaKJIHCH H3b Kp-BnOCTHT'B H rpaaautara, KaKBaTO e H aatnara.') nOK8TO 06alJe COJIYHcKaTa rrspxsa ~ CB. HJIHH" e caspaaaa ome C'b -oH-BKOH no-craps <pOPMH (rOJI-BMb aepaarpanasem, 0T'b MaCHBHH mHH nparaop's, JIHnCa aa TpHm anCH.lJ.H Bb aJITapH, WHPOKH nposopua, MaCHBHH He06pa60TeHH apxarexrypna lJaCTH), Bb HaUlHH CJIYlJaH HMaMe, npa eaaa l'tfaCHBHOCTb aa Cr-BHHm, HaJIO>KeHa MO>Ke 68 caxo OTb KOHCTPYKTHBHH HY>KJlH, eJlHH cpaBHHTeJIHO nO'JIeKH H nO'T'bHKH <pOPMH aa apxarexrypaarh lJaCTH, CBOJlOBem H npoaopunr-s. BbPXY p83Jl-BJIeYHH npHTBOPb HM8Me aaa

MaJIKH KynOJIa, a Bb anrapa eJlHO MaKapb H B'b 3apOJlHWb pa3Jl-BJISme aa TpH lJaCTH, KoeTO Bb no rOJI-BMHm, np-BHMYll.leCTBeHO rpaxopaeaa trspxaa ce C'bCTOH OTb SlCHO pa3lJJIeHeHH diaconicon, CP-B' JleHb anraps H prothesis (>KepTBeHHKb). YeTHpHm fJIaBHH CBOJlOBe·apKH, aocema 6apa6aH8, C)K MaJIKO H3JlHruaTH Bb cpaaara, Jl-BTO HMaT'b CJIa6b apsxs.") CBOJlOBem na HHwHm C'b CBOSiTa cap'saxa aa rYXJIHT-B nocpbncraosn, "JIaCTOBHlJHa onaurxa" H Cb B-BTPHJIHOTO CH pa3KJIOHeHHe na <PyrHm C)K

06p.35.

I1J1aHo aa irspxaara CB.

I1J1HlI Bo COJlYHo.

¢lopMa ce cpbuta ouie Bo IV Bi;Ko CJI. Xp. Bo HaJl3eMHHrt UopKBH npn BXOJlOBeTt aa pHM· CKHTt KaTaKOM6H, Bo V B. Bo llIeHYTCKHlI MOHaCTHpo npa Coxaro (rOpHH Eraners), Bo uspxaara .CB. AHD.pell" Bo Ilaparpaas OTo VI BtKo, KaKTO H Bo MOHaCTHpCKHTt UopKBH na ATOHo (IX B.) H np., HO Bo .CB. Asnpen" H Bo MOHaeTHpcKHrt UopKBH ex. aanaseaa TPHTt xoparia Bo nocrpoaxara.

1) Cp, naaaosera aa UopKBHTt Bo Paaauaua, Kpyuiesairs, CMeD.epeBO (H. H 0)· I lin g e r, Die altchristliche und byzant. Baukunst, Stuttgart 1899, CTp. 165-167), KaKTO H naaaoaerf na nOD.06HHTt eD.HOKOpa6HH UopKBH Bo c. BHHeHH. Ilpbcnaacxo (Il. H. M H JI JO. K 0 B 0, XPHCTillHCKilI D.peBHOCTH san. MaKeD.OHiH, Bo 113B. PYCCK. apx. IlHCr. Bo K·noJlt, IV CTp. 54), xynoxaara KpoCTOBHD.Ha irspxaa • CB. Cnaco' (it 11 BaH 0 B 0, CTapHHCKH UopKBH Bo JOrO-3anaD.Ha DoJlrapHlI, 113B. na apx. D.-BO III 1920, CTp. 55), .CB Apxanre.rs raBpaHJlo" JItCHOBCKH npa Kparoso, crapara UbpKBa Bo noraHOBCKHlI MOHaCTHpo (11 p e'I e K 0, nX.TYBaHIlII no DonrapHlI, CTp. 549) H MHOro JlpyrH.

2) HHe 6HxMe ornata TOBa nO-CKOpO aa KOHCTPYKTHBHH npH'IHHH, OTKOJIKOTO aa HtKaKBO ¢lOpMaJlHO BJlHlIHHe OTo H3TOKo (flJlH OTo aanans), Toll KaTO rrpneuaaero ua XOPH30H' TaJlHO aacoseaara '1aCTb OTD pasrrssareaaara CHJla aa CBOD.OBeTt·apKH, noceum eD.HHo D.OCTa aaasareaein, aa passrspnrt, aa irspxeara xynom, He e ocarypeao, OCBtHo OTo CTt· HHTt aa irspxaara, KOHTO aa '1eTHpHTt nHJlaCTpH cx. D.OCTa MaCHBHH (BX.TptlllHH centre-forts) H OTo D.opBeHH rpena, '1HHTO aeraa ouie 3i;lITo. Ilpa TOBa BopXoTo He ce OTpa311B3 BopXY nOJlYKynoJlHHlI CBOD.o aa • anCH,IIHTt". 3aOCTpeHH CBOllOBe-apKH cpbuiaae Bo BH3aHTHII· CKaTa apxarexrypa ouie Ro BptMeTO aa IOCTHHHaHa, HO nptHMymecTBeHO nO-KoCHO: CB. CO¢lHlI Bo Tpaneaynrs, xarenpaaara Bo AHH (ApMeHHlI\ Bo Cryaenaua Il B'b Pasaaaua (B'b C'bp6HlI), B'b Mapropaaa (Ilaaepxo) H J1p.

C. H. 606qes'b, )lsi; CTapHHHH U'bPKSH S'b OKonHOCTbTa sa rp. Ci;p'b 47

npHMtpH HaBH3aHTHHCKH CBO,ll.OBe, nOCTpoeHH 6e3b ,lI.bpBeHb uradJ10Hb (cintrage) on cpaBHHTeJlHO K'bCHO BptMe (ra, C hoi s y, L'art de batir chez les Byzantins, CTp. 76-77 H n. H. MHJlIOKOBb, XpHCT. npesn. aan. MaKe,ll.OHiH, CTp. 43). TaKbBb no-paasars BH,lI.b H CTpOe>K'b ,lI.06HBa TpHKOHXaJlHaTa H H306w.0 irspxoaaara $opMa Db BH38HTHSI noKbCHO npt3b BptMero na KOMHHHHn H orne nO-KbCHO, npt3b Bp-kMeTO na Ilaaeoaoaars, on KoeTO nocJlt.ll.HO BptMe ,lI.aTHpan H nOMeHarHn no-rep's nO,ll.06HH UbpKBH Bb DbJlrapHSI H Cbp6HSI (B'b e. BHHeHH on XIV B., CnaCOBHua on 1330 ron., Bb Kpymeaairs on 1360 r., Bb Pasaanna on cpnaara na XIV B., "CB. MapHSI· Bb Caenepeso H np.). nJlaHbn na aaurara irspxsa HanOMHSI npt,ll.H BCHlJKO naanoaers aa nOCJlt.l.l.HHn cpb6· CKH UbpKBH, H3BtcrHH no Kanitz'a, HO y C'bp6Hn, KaKTO H y aacs, T03H nJlaHb e 3aHMCTBYBaHb OTb BH3aHTHHUHn.l) 3a TOBa nbK'b rpaaeaca it, cxonem, narrsaao C'b OHSI aa nO-rOJItMaTa sacre on KptnoCTHHn crtHH aa uaraaeaara, saenao C'b raasaara KYJla, xosro HOCH BH3aHTHHCKH aaanaca H 3HaUH, SI ornaca CHrypHO KbMb BptMeTo aa CTpOe>Ka na n3H crtHH H KyJlH, a TO e BptMeTO CJlt,ll.b saeaaae aa xpanocrsra HaHOBO OTb BH3aHTHHUHTt (1246 r.), xoraro TSI 6HJla np'hBb nlKTb nonpaseaa on rOJltMHn paspymenaa npt3'b BptMe ua 60p6Hrt Me>K,llY 6bJlrapH, BH3aHTHHUH H KPbCTOHOCUH.

IUo ce OTHaeSi nbKb H300W.0 ]10 BbHWHaTa ryxaeaa apxarexrypa (,lI.BOHHH cntnH apxa, KOPHH3H H np.), TSI Y aamara rrspxaa He e e,ll.HHb on 60raTHn no yxpacara CH oopaaa, aa KaK'bBTO SI B3HMa n. nan areo p r H y Bb CBOSlTa CTaTHSI At ~epplXL XIXI 't" 1tpoaO''tELIX 't" mpl 't"1:: ~epplX<; XIXI ~ p.ov~ 'Iroavvou 'toG llpoopollOU (Byz. Zeitsehr. III 242), KaTO SI cpaaassa C'b COJlYHcKaTa trspxsa .. 12 Anocroaa", aa ,lI.a SI asxapa "on XI, aKO He on X BtK'b". no ras TOlJKa HHe aarrsaao CnO,ll.tJlSlMe MHtHHeTO na n. H. MHJ1IOKOBb, xoaro B'b UHTHpaHHSI no-rops CBOH rpyzrs MHoro npaao Ka3Ba sa ooraTaTa TYXJleHa apXHTeKTypa Ha npOlJYTaTa conYHCKa UbpKBa: nnOMHMO apXHTeKTypHOH KOHCTPYKUiH uepxsa, CBOHCTBeHHOH HtCKOJlbKHMb CTOJlt· TiSlMb noapam, H, CJltJOBareJlbHO, He Moryw.eH cnY>KHTb BtPHOH OCHOBOH

I .

,lI.J1H xponoaoria uepxsa, caMOH xapaxrepaoa oc06eHHOCTbIO es CTHJlH OC·

raercs Y,lI.HBHTeJlbHaSi arpa xapnasa, otipaayiomaro e$eKTHble $eCTOHbI H npHlJY,lI.J1HBble ysopa. Me>K,lI.y nMb eTY sepry - KHpnHlJHYIO KJla.ll.KYC'b opHaMeHTOMb - MbI He pas» BCTptTHMb Bb llaJlHtHweMb onacaaia MaKe·

1) Ti;3H Cp'b6CKH U'bPKSH OT'b no-cenrsurao epsae (XIV Si;K'b) ClK crpoena nom, CHnHO aanaaao (pOM3HCKO H rOTHQeCKO) snHlIHHe. BlK. lIlustriertes Baulexlkon, Berlin und Leipzig 1881, IV CTp. 192: Serbische Bauwelse, xoraro cspcxara HMa QHCTO SH3aHTHIlcKH xapasreps.

48 C. H. 506'leBb, llBtcTapHHHH U'bpKBH B'b OKOJlHOCTbTa aa rp. Ctp''h

.zr.OHCKHX'b uepxaea: H BCSlKiH pas's, xornanpa 3TOM'b MO>KHO onpi;.zr.-BJlHTb apeMSI nOCTpOeHiSi ,~epKBH - OKa3bIBaeTCH, qTO;OHa OTHOCHTCH' K'b XIV CTOJl-BTilO" (~HT. Cbq. CTp. 26). .llaTHpaHeTo Ha,,12 Anocroza "Bb XIV B.

.nporp. MHJlIOKOB'b YCTaHoBH no e.zr.Hlrb neocnopasrs HaqlUfI'bH qP-B3'b ~r.rOHOrpaaa na narpaapxa Haqiona BbpxYKanHTeJlHT-B aa nparaopa :(riaK'b TaM'b CTp. 26).

T-B3H cb06pa>KeHHSI ce nOTBbp.zr.SlBaT'b H HCTOpHlJeCKH. Karo ce H3- KJllOqH Bp-BMeTO OT'b 1195 roz., xoraro 6'bJJrapHT-B na AdHSI Ii Ilerpa -paa6HJlH BH3aHTHH~HT-B IO>KHO OT'b CtP'bH' BJla.zr.tJlH- OKOJlHOCTbTa My CJI-B.zr.'b TOBa on 1204-1205 ron., KoraTOKp'bCTOHOC~HTt,KoHTO nptcJlt.zr.BaJlH BCHqKO BH3aHTHHcKO, o6pa3YBaJlH 8'b COJlYH'b H H3TOqHa MaKe.zr.oHHSI saenao C'b Ctp'b csoe uapCTBO aa MOH<pepaTCKHSI MapklfSb OOHHipatl.HSI H Bp"hMet() on 1205-1246 ron., xoraro Hair.'b' Ctp'b C~BJla.zr.tJlH6bJlrapcxarb uape' KaJlOHHb,OOPHC'b H HBaHb' ActHb II, npts'b KoeTO BptMe BH3aHTHH~HTt He C~ MOrJlH .zr.a crpoar-strspxaa na ~HTa.zr.eJlaia,'BJla.zr.ttHr HJm 06cam.zr.aHa OnT-BXHH aenpaareaa, TO KaTO .lHaH-BtpoSiTHOBp-BMe1Sa csrpam.zr.aHeTO HattpcKHst nCe.HHKona" OCTaBa BptMeTO CJIt.zr.'b 1246 ron. , koraTo Ctp'b 6HJI-b HaHOBb 3aBJla;n;tJtb6+-bJ HHl<eHCI<HHMMnep~TOp'b HOaH'b

'.llYKaC'b Barauees C1> no.zr.kynBaHeTO aa xacrpcrpanaaca aa xpsnocrsra 60.irstpaaa .llparoTa, HJlH n'bK'b BptMeTo na nOCJlt.zr.HHTt HMnepaTopH OT'b MaKe.zr.OHCKaTa .zr.HHaCTHSI no xpas aa ~apYBaHeTO mtKoMHH1'Unt H AHreJlbB~HT-B (1057-1183-1203), uapysasero Ha KOH'fO -e 6HJI() 03HaMeHYB3Ho C'be.n.UiM, HOB'b paanssr-s aa BH3aHTHHcKaTa ~'bpKOBHa apxarexrypa CJlt.zr.'b yna.zr.1,Ka H npt3'b BptMe aa HKOH060pCKHT-B, pasnpa. B'b3p-a>KeHHeTO npOTHB~n'bpBOTO rrpsnnoaoaceaae, xaxao enaa J1H 6H MOrJlO .zr.a' ce nonycrae, qe cspCKaTa xp'snocrs - ezma OT'b rOJltMHTt onopa HaBH3aHTHHcKaTa zrspacaaa, crpoeaa ome B'b rrspnar's BtKoBe aa HMIIepHSlTa - e CTOSlJla TOJlKO~a BptMe 6e3'b, rrspxsa HJIH napaxaaes, 3aw.OTO MtCTHHS1n xacrpodiaaaxcs e HMaJI'b HY>K.zr.a on raxaaa, sa .zr.a MO>Ke za ce sepxyaa B'b BptMe aa oocana, aa KaKBaTO qeCTO 6HJI'b H3J1araH'b,1) He e OCHOBaTeJlHO. Taxasa ~'bpKBaMO>Ke na ecaurecrayaaaa OTb no-paao H .zr.a e 6Hmt pa3pymeHa, KaKTO H3rJle>K.n;a on enao cnOMeHYBaHC Y HCTopHKa Banxapnyeaa, qe B'b 120S+0.zr.., CJlt.n;'b npbsseaaaero sa Ctp'b, .Joliannls (KaJlOS1H'b) fist abatre Ie C hast e let I a

1) Oute B'b 977 ron, xpsnocrsra e 6HJIa rearsps aa rOJItMH 60eBe MelK.1lY 6'bJlrapH H BH3aHTHI1UH. Ilons Hel1HHrt CrtHH roraaa e 3arHHaJI'b e.1lHH'b OT'b CaMYHJIOBHTt 6paTSIMol1cell.

C. H. D06lJeBb, nBt crapaaaa UbpKBII Bb OKOJIHOCrbra aa rp. CtPb 49

cite et s'en rala vers Ie marchis ".') CN\.mOTO naure H BH3aHTHHCKHSlT'b HCTOPHK'b HHKHTa XOHHaT'b. B'b TOH CJlYIJaH MO}Ke na ce npt.lI.nOJIO}KH, 'Ie BCHIJKH nOCTpoHKH B'bpXY naranezara, aKO raxasa e HMaJIO no-pane, BKJIIOIJHTeJIHO H irspxsara H, CN\. 6HJIH pa3pYlIIeHH HJIH noaphaena H nocrs B'b3CTaHOBeHH resp. nonpaaeaa, HHKOH OT'b naaxara He Ka3Ba 06aIJe noTOIJHO, KaKBO e 6HJIO CD60peHo: .lI.aJIH caao B'bHlIIHHTt CTtHH aa rpana HJIH H nOC1'poHKHTt aa caaara axrpbunra xp'snocn, (uaraneaa). Ho rJIaBHO no npHIJHHHTt 0T'b apxarexrypeirs xapaxrep's (KOHCTPYKTHBHH H <popMaJIHH), H3JIO}KeHH no-reps, HHe CMe HaKJIOHHH Jla npaeaesrs .3a no-ssPOHTHO n'bpBOTO npt.lI.nOJIO}KeHHe, HMeHHO se irspxaara e nocrpoeaa OT'b BH3aHTHHl.{HTt CJItJl'b 1246 ron,

3a csrpaacaaaero na irspxaara, CB'bp3aHO CD OHOBa na xpbnocrsra, CN\.meCTBYBa 06aIJe Y MtCTHOTO HaCeJIeHHe eJlHO npbnaaae, cnopeas KoeTO rSi 6HJIa nocrpoeaa 0T'b CDp6HTt B'b BptMeTo sa Kpanb Cretpam, .llYlIIaH'b. Cnopezrs CN\.mOTO nphaaaae TOH nOJlHOBHJI'b xpsnocrsra, nOCTpOHJI'b H .lI.O cera ome OTIJaCTH 3ana3eHHH H aKBe.lI.YKT'b H HtKOJIKO l.{'bpKBH B'b "Bapoura- (cera BeIJe HeCN\.meCTBYBamH), a raxa CN\.mO H 6JIH3KHSI MOHaCTHp'h "CB. HB. Ilpbnresa-, B'b nO-rOJItMaTa CH IJaCTb TOBa np snaaae He cssnana CD HCrOpHIJeCKara HCTHHa. nptJlH BCHIJKO me oT6tJIt}KHM'b, se B'b MHoroIJHCJleHHTt nHCMeHHH naMeTHHl.{H 0T'b OHOBa BptMe HtMa CBt.lI.tHHSI B'b nonxpbna na TOBa aceooeaaute H BCHIJKO 06S1CHSIBame npanaaae, ETO HanpOTHB'b, KaKBH HHTepeCHH CBtJltHHSI, MaKap'b H npt3'b rp'suxa OIJHJIa, HH zraaa roraaaurHHSlT'b BH3aHTHHCKH HCTOPHK'b HHKH<POp'b I'peropacs sa .llYlIIaHa H aa nerosara .lI.tHHOCTb B'b ctPCKO (1345-1355).2) Cnopezrs Hero Ilymam, TOJIKOBa MHoro 06HIJaJI'b BH3aHTHHcKHTt HpaBH H }KHBOT'b, 'Ie "pa3.lI.tJIHJI'b irsaara A'bp}KaBHa BJIaCTb C'b CHHa CH (MHXaHJI'b YpOlIla), KaTO HeMY OTCTN\.nHJI'b na ynpaBJISIBa cnopezrs "CP'b6CKHTt 3aKOHH" 3fMHTa, xoaro ce npoerapa 0T'b I10HHHCKHSI 3aJIHB'b H ptKa HCT'bp'b (Ilyaaas) IJaK'b JlO rpam, Cxonae, B'b KOSITO npOBHHl.{HSI HSBHpa H rese B'b ropasra CH IJaCTb rOJItMaTa psxa

1) .KaJIOHHb cb60PH 3aMbKa H r-p a aa (K. H.) H aacrzrm KbMb MapKH3a" (COJIYHCKHII apaas), rn. Oeoffroi de Ville Hardouin, Conquete de Constantinople etc. Texte origlnal, 3-erne ed. Paris 1882.

2) rn. ~op.a.. HBaHoBb, DbJIrapHrt Bb Maxenoaaa, crp. 48-49. Ilpa see rosa .11.0 1372 r. CtPb e 6Hnb nee oiue nom, cpb6cKa BJIaCrb; ryKb ynpaBJIHBaJIb BbJIKaIllHHOBllllrb 6paTb aecnorvrs (Bb H1pO.a.HHrt rrscaa .6aHb") Hoam, YrJIeIllb, xonro 3arHHaJIb Cb 6para CH Bb naaeraas 4HpMeHcKH 60A MelK.a.y rbxrrara cbp6cKO-6bJIrapCKa soacxa H rypuars ua 7 cenreuspa 1371 r. CB1l.a.tHHHra sa cAI..a.6ara aa rp. C1lPb cnt.a.b ras nara CAl. rBbp.a.1l nporaaopelJHBH . Cnopeas e.a.HH'b rypcsa .a.OKYMeHrb Kp1lnocrbra 6HJIa aaera OTb -rYPUHrt np1l3b 1374 r.; TJI. Am 0 nOB b, 113rolJHHKb sa 6bllr. acropas, Ilep. cnac, KH. LXIII crp. 11.

H3Bi;cTHR aa Apx. APym. VII.

4

50 C. H. Eo6IJCB1>, .llB-B cTapHHHH U1>PKBH B1> OKonHOCTbTa aa rp. C-BP1>

AKCHYcn (Bapaaps): aa ce6e CH n'bK'b 3ana3HJI'b pOMeMcKHrl 3eMH H rpanose, 0T'b Hero MtCTO lJoaK'b .lI.O XpHCTOnOJlCKHTt KJlHCypH (npa Kasana), KOHTO 3eMH H rpanoae OCTaHaJiH na ce ynpaeaaaars no po M eM C K H T t 3 a K 0 H H . .. Karo npoxbaam, aapsapcxar-a CH npaaa C'b 06HlJaHrl H }KHSOTa na poaearb, TOM ynpaaaaaam, no YCTaHOBeHHrB 0T'b poaearb saKOHH" .1) Taxa rp'bUKHHT'b nacareas nOCl'aBH rpaaauara na 3eMHrl, KOHTO ce ynpasaaeaaa no .Cp'b6CKHH 3aKOH'b"'. no TaH npauaaa, B'bnptKH aa.rsranero CH 3a irspxaara H .lI.'bp}KaBaTa, Ilymam, He me na e pa38HJI'b raxaaa CTpOHTeJlCKa .lI.tMHOCTb H aa e OCTaBHJI'b raxasa CJlt.ll.H OT'b Cp'b6CKa xyarypa B'b H3TOlJHa MaKe.ll.OHHH, KaKTO My npanacsa HapO.ll.HOTO np snanae, 3ana3HJlO 3a Hero HaM-cBt}K'b CnOMeH'b KaTO 0T'b nocrsneirs roo JltM'b XPHCTHHHCKH rocnozaps B'b MaKe.ll.OHHH. TOM B'b HHmO He napyunon, C£IUeCTBYBamHH BH3aHTHMCKH pezrs, a HanpOTHB'b ce HBHJI'b KaTO nerom, nO.ll..ll.p'b}KHHK'b. HaHcTHHa TOM 60raTO aaaapssam, MOHaCTHpHrl, Me}K.lI.Y KOHTO H 3HaMeHHTHH MOHaCTHp'b .CB. I1s. Ilp'snresa" , OKOJlO 8 KJlM. aa C.-H. 0T'b ctp'b, aa KoeTO ce csara H neroas KTHTOP'b, HO TOBa e naxapano BtPORTHO HapO.ll.HOTO nphaaaae H .lI.O .lI.HeC'b .lI.a ro ClJHTa aa 0 C H 0- a a r e JI b na MOHaCTHpa. TOBa aaponao npbnaaae e 3a6J1Y.ll.HJlO MHO' 3HHa, KaTO HanpHMtp'b Cousinery, KOMTO B'b UHTHpaHoTo no-ropb csoe cnlJHHeHHe TS'bP.ll.H, 'Ie MOHaCTHp'bT'b 6HJI'b 0 C HOB a H 'b 0T'b e.ll.HH'b 6'bJlrapcxa (cnaBHHcKH I) uaps ; noors A. Illonoaa, KOMTO B'b CTaTHHTa CH "E.lI.HO n£TYBaHe B'b MaKe.ll.OHHH" (Ilepaon. cnac, 1906, CTp. 787) .nonpaaaCousinery, KaTO KaBBa: "H3BtCTHO e, 'Ie ctpCKHH MOHacTHpb "CB. I1B. npt.ll.TelJa" e 0 C HOB a H 'b (?) B'b uapysaaero na CP'b6CKHSI naps .uywaH8, KOMTO ce ClJHTa H KTHTOP'b aa MOHaCTHpH". I1cTHHaTa 06alJe e, 'Ie Ta3~ 06HTeJlb e OCHOBaHa MHoro, no-pane, - B'b HHKOM CJlYlJaM He nO-K'bCHO 0T'b 1280 r.2) E.lI.Ba B'b 1345 r. xpans Crerparrs .nywaH'b nors'spnaaa H YBeJlHlJaBa

1) Ni ce ph, Gr e g o r as, Byzant. hist. ed, Schopen, Bonne 1830, IIcTp, 747 (uHTaT1>T1> np-BBCllCH1> on K. Eo6IJCB1».

l!) Ouie B1> XII B. B1> M-BCTHOCTbTa aa MOHacTHpa (B1> CMHitHHua nJIaHHHa, crapara KepKHHa nnaHHHB) lKHB-BJIH .MoHacH-nYCTHHOCJIYlKHTCJIH" B1> 06HTenb .CB. 5e3Cpe61>pHHUH·. np-B31> BptMeTo na MHxaHJIa VIII Ilaaeoaor-s (1261-1295) 3J!1.XHeHCKHlIT1> enHCKOn1> 110aH1>, rorasa onte MOHaX'b, uonpaaars crapas xpasrs na HMeTO aa .CB. I1B. Ilpsnrexa" aa M-BCTOTO aa ceraurnas MOHaCTHp1> (K1>M1> 1280 r.). 3a cxutecrayaaaero aa cerauraaa MOHaCTHp1> B1> 1290 ron, CBHll-BTeJIcrBYBa YCTaB1>n MY, aanaaeas MaKap'b H B'b np-BnHC1> on nO-K'bCHO Bp-BMe, a sa C'bCTOllHHeTO My 1i11> 1309 roa. rosopa n1>pBHlIT'b H311alleH1> aa MOHaCTHpa xpacosym, aa BH3aHTHitCKHlI HMnepaTOp'b AHllPOHHK1> II Ilaaeoaor-s (1295-1328). C'b Hero ron rrora'spnssa HMeHHlITa na Tall 06HTeJIb. On enaa MOHaCTHpCKH KOllHKH, HaM-BpeHH npt3'b 1845 ron, naxs TaM1>, H3nH3a, 'Ie B'b 1321 r. I.{OHaCTHp'bn e 6HJI'b sese TB1>Pllt 60ran H H3B-BcreH'b. BlK. B. fpHrOpOBHIJ1>, Ouepxt, yseaaro nyreiuecrla no Eapon, Typuia, Mocsaa 1877, CTp. 145;

C. H; 506qellb, llBi> crapnaaa UbpKBH BbOKOJlHOCrbra aa rp. Ci>Pb 51

)J.OCTOHHHe'TO My C'b OC06eH'b xpHCOByJI'b na r p 'b UK H e 3 H Ko. CLKll{OTO e H C'b cspcxara C'b60pHa U'bpKBa-e)J.Ha 0T'b Haif·xy6aBHT'h Cpi>)J.HOB-hKOBHH crpaaa B'b MaKe)J.OHHH-H3ropi>JIa Bo 1811 r., KOHTO .llywaH'b npHCTpOHJI'b H yxpaCHJI'b (rn; KOH)J.aKOB'b, MaKe)J.oHiH, CTp. 150) - TOJIKOBa naponuara jtaMeTb e D'b CDCTOHHHe Bi>PHO )J.1i aanasa H npi>)J.a.il:e HCTOpHlJeCKHT'B q,aKTH. H aKO ce CLK1I;H no BCHlJKO OCTaHallO aa Bpi>Mero, xoraro dPCKHHT'b "CB. HHKOJIa;' e 6Hn'b nOCTpOeH'b, TO H3rJIelK)J.a; lJe H B'b 'T(')3H cJIYlJaif aaponHOTO nphnaaae ute 1I;a e CLKll{O TOJIKOBa Ha)J.elK)J.eH'b' HCTOpHlJeCKH H3BOP'b, KOJIKOTO e H D'b npHBe~eHHT'B no-reps CJIYlJaH, a HaCTOHlJHBOCTbTa,' Co KOHTO TO ce. e 3ana3HJIO, MaKapl, H B'b He TB'bP)J.t onpt~tJIeHa q,opMa, MOlKe )J.a ce,06HCHH C'bTOBa, se C'bp6HT'B CLK 6HJlH nOCJIt)J.HHTt XpHCTHS!HH CD nOJIHTHlJeCKa caMOCTOHTeJIHOCTb D'b Ta3H sacn, na MaKe)J.OHHH npt)J.H na)J.aHHeTO if no)J.'b TYPUHT'B. '

3a trspxaara "CB. HHKOJIa" cnOMeHYBaT'b xoe 6i> rno , xoe no-no)J.P06HO H 'MH03HHa ?T'b nLKTYBalJHT'B B'b H3TOlJHa MaKe)J.OHHS!: (nanp. Cousinery, I'paropoaa-rs, KLKHlJeB'b, Ilanareopray, BepKOBHlJ'b, Z, KOH)J.aKOB'b).

Karoonacsa espcxara xpsnoers, KOS!TO TOH nocsraat, npt3'b Bpi>Me aa ce)J.eM)J.HeBHOTO CH nptCTOS!BaHe S'b Ci>p'b, Cousinery Ka3Ba: "Presque au centre (!) de ce'chateau' est une petite eglise dedieea Saint Athanase (?) dont lespeintures encore conservees paraissent appartenir au onzteme ou au douzieme siecle" (UHT. C'blJ. crp. 159). C'b TOBa otiaue Toif He npaHaCH MuOro aa )J.aTHpaHeTO na caxara irspxaa, 3all{OTO )J.aTHpaHeTO' caxo aa q,peCKHT'B He BHHarH MOlKe 1I;a nOCJIYlKH sa Ta3H UtJIb. OCBtH'b rosa TB'bP)J.t 06ll{0 TB'bp)J.eHHe, npasa BnelJaTJIeHHe, lie )J.alKe H irsutara He CLK oT6'h4t3aHH y Hero npaBHJIHO; OpH TOBa rrspxsara e 6HJIa oute anpaaa, xoraro TOiH' nOdTHJI'b (B'b 1815 r.).

COnyHClGlHT'b YIJHTeJIb·apxeOJlor'b O. Ilanareopray My nOCOlJBa rpbmKHT'B B'b CTaTHftTa CH "At ~Eppci~ XOGt 't1X 1tporXO"t€~OG 't1X 1t€pt 'tIX~ ~EPpOG~ XOGI 1j 1l0v7j 'JrorXVVou 'to\) IIpoqp61l0u " , 06Hapo)J.BaHa Bb Byzant. Zeitschtift III (asnpoCHTeJIHHHT'b H y)J.HBHTeilHHHT'b 3HaUH B'b. ropaaa UHTaT'b 0T'b Cousinery CLK aerosa). CaM'b TOH onacsa HaCTp. 241-242 nocra nOJ(p06HO irspxsara. Karo H 3aBapHJI'b Belle pyaaa (B'b 1889-1891 roa.), Toif 3a6hJIt3aJI'b no q,peCKHT'B B'b aarapa if ~OCTa 11180ro Ha)J.nHCH na rp'bUKH, KOHTO nasa aa OT1I;tJIeH'b lIHCT'b na xpaa HaCTaTHHTa CH.

Ko H aa KO B b, MaKe)lOHil1, Cn6. 1909 CTp. 163; II. N. II cx.ltcqsw P l' (e u, At l:appcx.1 ~cx.l 't1X. ltpoci.aulcx. 'ta. mpl "C~ l:app~ 'Xcx.l ij p.ovij 'Iwci.Vv<iu 'toil IIpo8pop.ou, Byz. Zeitschr. III crp. 235 H .CKa3aHie 0 HaQa.li> H HaCTOl1IUeMb nOJlOlKeHiH craaponartaasnaro MOHaCTblpl1 H np. rrpopoxa

Ioaana Bb Ceppecxoaenapxla B1. MaKe)lOHiH', Cn6. 1864, CTp.4.:....15. .

52 C. H. Eio6'!cs"b, llst cTapHHHH U1.PKSH S1. OKOJIHOCTbTa na rp. Ctp'b

Ha cxmara crpaaaua TOM xasaa sa trspxsara CJI-B.lI,HOTO: "OT'b Sa-TP-BWHOTO npaaaaepae e sanaaeaa .lI,O cera caao MaJiKa sacrs ; nponyxaaas S'b cpsnara KynOJl'b nOM'bp)l{aT'b lJeTHpH apxa (e£r.jJrOE~); ~-BJI'b e caao caeTHHT'b anraps, KOMTO HOCH na H3TOlJHaTa CHmHa 06HKHOSeHHrn TpH KOHXH (niches, vUIL~(X~) - Cp-B.lI,HSlTa nO-rOJl-BMa OTb .lI,pyrHrn .lI,B-B - S'b neeaara H S'b JltsaTa CTp2Ha aa anrapa-, C'b .lI,YMaTa .e£r.jJrOE~" [Ianareopray 03HalJaS3 CSO.ll,OSeT-B (apxa) - 3HalJeHHe, KaKSOTO Ta3H .lI,YMa e UMaJia Y SH3aHTHM~Hrn. Haxpas TOM CpaSHS1Ba aaurara trspxaa no KOHCTPYK~HHTa na aaaa H no eJleraHTHOCTbTa H pa3Ho06pa3HeTO na S'bHKaWHaTa if apxarexrypa C'bCOJlYHCKHrn ~'bpKSH ~12 AnOCTOJlH" H .Ca. EKaTepHHa" (?) - cera .lI,)I{aMHH - H C'b rosa H nocrass KaTO ., naMeTHHKb aa XI, aKO He H aa X StK'b M. HaHCTHHa Me)l{.lI,Y S'bHWHHrn 6-BJI-B3H H KOHCTPYKTHSHHT-B OCO- 6eHOCTH na ,,12 AnOCTOJlH" H na aanrara irspxsa HM3Ji3S-BCTaa npanasa, otiase narapaaero aa trspxsara ,,12 AnOCTOJlH" 8'b X HJlH XI S-BK'b e norpsunro. Cnopezrs MH-BHHeTO aa no KOMneTeHTHH Y'IeHH TSI Tpt6sa na ce oraece lJaK'b S'b XIV S-BK'b.1)

PYCKHHT'b Y'IeH'b B. rpHrOpOSH'I'b nocsraa-s cspcxara Kp-BnOCTb H irspxsara if S'b 1845 ron, (29. V-8. VI), HO S'b C'b'lHHeHHeTO CH "O'lepK'b Y'IeHarO nyreurecrais H np." naaa sa rnX'b aa CTp. 144 caao 6-BrJlH 6tJlt)l{KH. H3S-BCTHHHT'b aaurs MaKe.ll,OHOS-B.lI,'b, nOKOMHHHT'b B. Ka-H'IeS'b, S'b 06WHPHHTt CH na-THH 6tJlt)l{KH "rIa-TysaHe no .lI,OJlHHHrn aa CTPYM~, MtcTa H Bpbraaaaua" (Mc6. X, 1894, 476) cnoxeayaa aa trspxsara raxa : .Xacap srs e enna SIfCOKa KOHyco06pa3Ha aspuraaa, aa KOSlTO e 6HJI'b rJlaSHHHT'b ~HTa.ll,eJl'b Ha CTapHH rpa.ll,'b. TYK'b Jle)l{aT'b ~tJl'b Kyn'b OCTaHKH 0T'b mHHrn H KYJlHrn; HMa H eana MaJiKa nepxaaua, KOHTO H3S'bH'b ~-BJia e sanaaena, HO H3Sa-TP-B C'bSC-BM'b onycroureaa". HHTepeCHO e, 'Ie TOM aaMHpa trspxsara (S'b 1892 ron.), ,,"3S'bH'b ~tJla sanaaena ", xoraro noCTaPHrn narysasa H OnHCSaT'b KaTO PYHHa.

Haurara trspxaa cnoeeeasars ouie Z (Usa CaH.lI,)I{aKa S'b HCTOlJHa MaKe.ll,OHAH, Ilep en, VII KH. 36 CTp. 829), C. H. BepKOSH'I'b (Tonorpatp> eTHorpacpH'leCKiM osepxs MaKe.ll,OHiH, CTp. 57) H KOH.lI,aKOS'b (MaKe.ll,OHiSl, CTp. 161).

II

LI.'bpKBaTa "C S. H H K 0 JI a· B'b lJHCTO 6'bJlrapCKOTo ceao nYTJlH (I'opeaua), KoeTO e nOJlY'IHJlO ceraWHOTO CH TypCKO HMe 0T'b utKOJIKOTO XHJlH.lI,H MaCJlHHeHH .lI,'bpSeTa H3'b rpaaaaars MY, e nocrpoeaa no e.lJ.HH'b

1) MHJJIOKOB'b, UHT. C'b'!. 26-27; KOHJlaKOB'b, MaKCJlOHill, CTp. 120.

C. H. B06'1eB'b, ,UBt CTapllHHII U'bpKBII B'b OKOJlHOCTbTa aa rp, Ctp'b 53

.-

T8'bP.ll.t pasnpocrpaaem, H He nO-MaJIKO THnHlJeH'b sa BH3aHTHiicKHrl U'bpKBH

"JIaHn (06p. 36). Macro TaKHBa ce aatipoaaart, B'b D'bJIrapHSI H MaKe.u.:oHHSI.1) Karo H3KJIlOlJHM'b sananaara if npacrpoasa, KOSITO e OT'b nO-HOBO BptMe (1851 r.) H HtKOH .llpyrH MaJIKH nonpasxa, MO>Ke .lI.a ce xazce, lJe TSI e sana3Hna o[Ue CBOSI n'bpBOHalJaJIeH'b BH.lI.'b.

l1.'bpKBaTa e xsanparaa KynOJIHa nocrpoaxa, C'b nJIaH'b B'b ~opMa na rp'bUKH KP'bCT'b, C'b KynOJI'b B'bpxy BHCOK'b 6apa6aH'b, HOCeH'b 0T'b lJeTHpH KOJIOHH, 0 KOHTO aaxapar-s onopa H lJeTHpH nO-M3JIKH KynOJIH B'b ",rJIHrl

06p. 36. ~ nJlaH'b na trspxaara CB. HIIKOJla B'b C. ,UyrIUL

Me>K.IJ,Y paxenara aa Kp'bCTa, 3aKpHTH 0T'b B'bH'b C'b nOKpHBa (06p. 37). Taxa nOCTPQeHa trspxsara e rpaxopatiaa, 06alJe nocoxara aa UHJIHH.lI.PHlJHHrl CBO.llOBe B'bpxy paxeaara aa xp'scra, KaKTO H rlcHHn OTBOPH Me>K.lI.Y Tt3H paMeHa H MaJIKHT-B KynOJIH B'b ~rJIHrl, oTcJIa6BaT'b 3HaQHTeJIHO TOBa pa3lJJIeHeHHe. AJITapbT'b HMa enaa Cpt.ll.HSI nO-rOJItMa ancana H 0T'b crpaHHTt if .lI.Bi; nO-MaJIKH, ·'.KOHTO 0T'b B'bH'b He ce H3.l1.aBaT'b. MO>Ke 6H irspKBaTa e HMaJIa HtKora nparaope, KOHTO e 6HJI'b 3aMtCTeH'b C'b nosreaa-

1) Hanp. BtJlOBCKaTa irspxaa 0T'b XIV B. (ra. tt 11 B a HO B 'h, 113B. aa Apx. 'uPYlK. III, CTP 58), .CB. Feopra KOJlYWKII' npa KJOcTeHjI,IIJI'h, .CB. Apxaarem," npa Illarrs, "CB. K.~IIMeHT'b" B'b OXPlljI,'b 0T'b 1295 r., .CB. I1BaH'b' B'b MeceMBplIlI, .CB. repMaH'b-' B'b' c. I'epMaH'b, • CB. COIPIIII' B'b BII5a (K. X. ill K 0 P n II JI 'b, 113B. na Apx. 'uPYlK. III, CTp. 240), m.pKBaTa .3aYM'b· aa OXPHlICKOTO esepo (OT'b 1361 r.) II MHoro IIp.

54 C. H. 606'-1CB'h, llBi; cTapHHHH U'hPKBH B'h OKOilHOCTbTa na rp. Ci;p'h

--- ~-====================,==========~===============~-------

rara npHCTpOHKa (cs eanopa) OTb nO-HOBO BptMe, TBbPJI.t 0611IHpHa aa eJI.HO np'snnsepae. B'll3MO)KHO e o6alJe nparaop'sr-s JI.a e aancaaas OTb caMOTO aasaao, KaKbBTO e nanp. CJlYlJaHTb npa EtJlOBCKaTa trspxsa.

HHe me onauresn, caxo crapara sacrs aa irspxaara. TSI e zrsara 8'40 M., urapoxa 7'20 M. H BHCOKaOTb cerauraoro HHBO JI.O nOKpHBa 4,50 M. lle6eJlHHaTa aa crtHHTt e 80 CM. nOKpHTa e, KaKTO H CtPCKHSITb .CB.

06p:i37. - Il-spxsara CB. HIIKOila B'h C.1:I.YTillI, raenana oro c-BBCPO-H3TOK'h.

HHI{oJla A, Cb JI.SYCTpaHHIi ctJI.JlOBH.II.HIi noxpaaa no m.arara Ii I<a.cara OCb na rrspxsara (Bb cnysas nOlJTH paBHH), KaTO OHH no KlKcaTa OCb (BbPXY OTB'hHb cnaoo H3JI.aJI.eHbrpaHCenTb Cb JI.Ba KpaCHBIi <PPOHTa KbMb IOrb H C-BBepb) e MaJiKonO'-H3JI.ItrHaTb OTb JI.PYrHSi. Ha np scauanero aa nOKpHBHTt" ce H3JI.Hra HanpcVU)" .6e3b 06HKHOBeHHSI np sxonem, qeTHpHcTtHb,

~ . , ' ' , ,'" -

OCMocrtHeHb 6apa6aH'l:.KoHTOHMa caxo 4 nposopua (no-cern's nonpaasaa, Ta he elK MOrJl,H na 3ana~HTb rn.paosasaaaara CH <popMa; TOBa' ce OTHaCH ,n:o BCHlJKH nposopua na rn.pxaara). OCTaHaJlHTt crpana aa 6apa6aHa HMaTb

C. H. 606qeBb, 1J.Bt CTapHHHH UbpKBH Bb OKOJlHOCTbTa aa rp. Ctpb 55

CJIimH apxa, B'bpxy KOHTO, KaKTO H B'bpxy JlpyrH'rB xerapa np030pelJHH apxa, ce H3BHBaT'b KpacHBH apKH-KoPHH3H OT'b no lJeTHpH pena TYXJIH, nsa OT'b KOHTO cx... na snr-s-aar-s. Ha px...60BeT-B aa 6apa6aHa T-B ce cpmuar-s H CBE'JK)l.aT'b B'b JIeKH KOHCOJIH. Bt.pxy T03H KOpHH3'b CTOH KynOJI'bT'b, cs xpaaura Bpt.3aHH B'b apKIIT-B aa 6apa6aHa, nOKpHT'b C'b lIlHpOKH cJIa60 H3BHTH xepaMHJlH. 11306ll1,o 6apa6aH'bT'b C'b KpaCHBH5I CH KOPHH3'b H apsarb, KOHTO Bt.P05lTHO cx... 6HJIH nOJln'bpJKaHH OT'b JIeKH KOJIOHKH, ce OTJIHlJaBa no CB05lTa H351ll1,HOCTb (06p. 37). OCB-BH'b 6apa6aHa, xytiaaa apxnrexrypna 06pa60TK2I HMaT'b H ztaara <jlpoHTa na rpaacerrra. EJlHa JlBOllHa apxa SlCHO MapKHpa U:HJlHHllPHlJHHSI CBOJl'b aa Bx...Tpt.WHocTbTa, a BbPXY ues, CJIt.)l.Balll,'b JIHHHSlTa na nOKpHBa, MHHaBa Cx...llI,H5IT'b C'bCTaBeH'b OT'b 4 pena TyXJIH (2 na 3Hr'bsar-s) KOPHH3'b, KOllTO Bt.pOHTHO e onacBaJl'b B-BHeua na crpanara. B'b T03H csozrs-apxa HMa 90 CM. WHpOKb OT'b Bx...Tp-B paszrexem, aa JlB-B Cb KOJIOHKa

nposopeirs. OTB'bH'b TpHCTpaHHaTa, a

OT'b Bx...Tp-B UHJIHHllpHlJeCKa Cpt.llH5I

anrapna ancana HMa caxo e)l.HH'b npoaopeirs, CX...llI,O KpaCHBO pa3Jlt.JIeH'b na JlBt. C'b MaJlKH apxa, Ht.Kora non m.pJKaHH B'b cp snara OT'b KOJIOHKa. noKpHTa e cs TB'bP1I.-B nJIOC'bK'b H cera He- 51CHO osepram, nHpaMHJlaneH'b (?) noKpHB'b, JIerHaJI'b B'bpXy 06HKHOBeHH5I KOPHH3'b. MaJIKHT-B ancnna cx... MapKHpana OT'b BbH'b C'b JlB-B HHWH.

OTBx...Tp-B trspxsara C'b CBOHT-B

MaCHBHH CBO)l.OBe e Tt.CHa H T'bMHa,

KaKTO nOBelJeTO MaJIKH UbpKBH C'b nOJl06eHb nnatrs. 4eTHpH MpSlMOpHH KOJlOHH C'b )l.OJleH'b JlHaMeT'bp'b 45 CM. H cJIa60 CT-BCHSlBaHe aarop s nonJl'bpJKaT'b BbPXY llOHH3HpaHH KanHTeJIH Cb rOJl-BMH TpaneUOBHJlHH KeMn<jlepH TeJKKHT-B CBO)l.OBe. B'spxy KeMn<jlepHT-B cz, rpaaapann C'b cJla6'b npo<jlHJI'b npocra p03eTKH no naa pa3J1HlJHH 06pa3UH (06p. 38). Basara ce xpae MOJKe 6H B'b nOB1I.HrHaTH5I naBIIMeHT'b 0T'b MpHMOpHH H JlP· nJlOlJH. HHKaKBH npyra apxarexrypaa 1I.eKOpaUHH He xpacsr's Bx...Tp-BWHOCTbTa. 06HKHOBeHb Jl'bpBeH'b HKOHOCT::tC'b OT)I.-BJl5I anrapa, B'b KOllTO .JlSlI<OHHKbTb" H nJKepTBeUHHK'bTb" Cx... sese paasxenenx. BCHlJKH CT-BHH C]I.. H3nHCaHH C'b nocra Jl06p-B aanaseaa CTapH rppecxa Cb rp-suxa aannaca,

06p. 38. - KOJlOHa Cb xamrre.n, OTb m.pxsara CB. HHKOJla Bb C. LlYTJlH.

56 C. H. Eo6qeB'b. llBi; cTapHHHH U'bpKBH B'b OKOJlHOCTbTa ua rp. Ctp'b

3a rpa.n.e>K'b C~ ynorpbrieaa P-BIJHH KaM'bHH aapem, C'b .n.tnaH'b saPOBHHK'b H T'bHKH TyxnH (4)opMaT'b 36/15/4 CM.), no nsa peaa cnt.ll'b BdKH pem, KaM'bHH B'b .n.e6enH 4>yrH.

6'bnrapHT-B .llYTnHHlJaHH 06HlJaT'b Ta'bp.n.t MHoro CBOSiTa trspxaa - "utna OT'b KaM'bK'b H ryxaa, 6e3'b .ll'bPBO" - H paanpaaars sa nes pa3HH npt.n.aHHSI, cnopezrs KOHTO TH 6Hna nocrpoena 20 rO.llHHH (I) cnt.n.'b ocaosaaaaero na 6nH3KHSI MOHaCTHp'b "CB. HB. npt.llTelJa" (3HaIJH oxoao 1300 r.). Cnt.n.'b HaweCTBHeTO na TYPUHrn rrspxsara rpoaaaa nOCTeneHHO .n.a ce paspyura, T'bH KaTO TYPUHTt He nosaoaaaaaa na ce nonpaes. Ho B'bnptKH nptcnt.n.BaHHSlTa H HaKa3aHHSlTa, aaceaeaaero H3B'bprnBaJIO TaHHo HOmHO BptMe He06xo.n.HMHTt nonpanxa. TOBa me e npo.n.'bJI>KaBaJIO BtPOSITHO .n.o BptMeTo aa cYJITaH'b MaxMy.n.a II, npa KorOTO peaaraosuara cB060.n.a e 6H.'la ncraspneaa cb aeroaas TaH3HMaT'b (1833 ron.) H xoraro ce nOIJHaJIa .lla>Ke nocTpoHKaTa Ha MHoro HOBH UbpKBH B'b TYPuHSI.

3a C'b>KaJIeHHe He MO>KaX'b na Y3HaSi HHUlO no nO.llP06HO H nOJIO>KHTeJIHO 3a MHHaJIOTO na trspxaara. Bs KaKBH OTHorneHHSI ce HaMHpaJIa TSI cnpbao rOJItMHSI MOHaCTHp'b H CtpCKHTt J1YXOBHH BJIaCTH, .n.aJIH ome OTHalJaJIO e 6HJIa nocrpoeaa KaTO eHopHHCKa trspxsa, KaKBaTO e cera, IIJIH e 6HJIa MeTOX'b, C.'hUlO He MH e H3BtCTHO. 3a aes, C'b H3KJIIOIJeHHe aa BepKOBHIJ'h H Z, KOHTO H8 KpaTKO Ka3BaT'b, se 6HJIa csrpaneaa "no aesxa BtPOSITHOCTb B'b enao H C~UlO BptM{, C'b MOHaCTHpSl Ca. HBaH'b H C'b MHTpOnOJIHSlTa B'b Ctp'b· j 1) He cnOMeHYBa HHKOH 0T'b UHTHpaHHT-B B'b 6tJIt>KKHT-B sa ctpCKHSI .CB. HHKOJIa" n~TerneCTBeHHUH. B'b xpacosyaarb aa naJIeOJI03HT-B H Ilyuraaa, H3.lla.n.eHH na MOHaCTHpa CB. HB. Ilpbnresa, ce cnOMeHYBa "MeTOX'b Kepaaaua", "HMeHHe (&y,,[otov) Kepaaaaua", HO na ce YCTaHOBH H.lleHTHIJHOCTbTa Ha. T03H MeTOX'b C'b ceJIO I'opeaua (.llYTJIH), KoeTO e H3BtCTHO C'b TOBa CH HMe caao aa BepKOBHlJa, MeH'b ce IJHHH, se me Tpt6Ba .n.a ce nanpasa CneUHaJIHO H3CJIt.llBaHe.

E.llHH'b rp'bUKH MpSiMOpeH'b nannacs B'bpXY 3ana.n.HHSI Q:>POHT'b aa HOsara npHCTpOHKa rJIaCH, se TSI 6HJIa aanpaaeaa B'b 1851 ron., C'b nonesaTeJICTBOTO na cspcxas MHTpOnOJIHT'b. HtKOH 0T'b HKOHHT-B na eMnOpHT-B, H3nHcaHH B'b 1882 ron. 0T'b .lle6'bpCKH HKOHonHCUH, C~ nannacaaa no rpsuxa, HO C'b CJIaBSlHCKH 6YKBH.

Taxa, xaxapt, H .n.06pt aanaseaa, rrspxsara MO>Ke .n.a ce narapa caao npH6JIH3HTeJIHO BD WHPOKH rpaHHUH. no nJIaH'b H KOHCTPYKUHSI TSI 6H

1) Be p K 0 B H q 'b, UHT. C'bq. CTp. 61 H Z. UHT. C'bq. CTp. 837.

C. H. 606qeB'b, .llBt CTapHHHH U'bpKBH B'b OKOJlHOCTbTa na rp. Ctp'b 57

MOrJIa .ZI.a 6JK.ZI.e .ZI.OCTa crapa (aanp. on XII BtK'b), HO no CBOH KynOJI'b B'bpXy BHCOKHH 6apa6aH'b TH npHJIHqa .ZI.a e nO-CKopO on xpas aa XIII HJIH on XIV BtK'b. CJIt.ZI.OBaTeJIHO H Ta3H trspxaa uta .ZI.a 6JK.ZI.e npH6JIH3HTeJIHO on CJKmaTa enoxa, KaKTO trspxsara • CB. HHKOJIa II B'b ctp'b, MaKap'b H on MaJIKO nO-K'bCHO BptMe.

D e u x e g l i s e san C i en ri e s a u x e n vir 0 n s deS err e s. - Les relations de quelques-uns des voyageurs anciens mentionnent l'eglise de S' Ni colas, sur la citadelle de Serres, mais elles ne nous ont pas laisse Ie plan ou la description detaillee du monument. L'eglise presente une construction en forme de croix a trois conques (fig. 27-30), avec une coupole, un narthex et une crypte, et aux dimensions 11'90 m. sur 9'10 m. L'edifice etait voute sans cintrage. Grace aux recherches minutieuses faites sur la place, l'eglise pourrait etre reconstruite, comme c'est montre fig. 33 et 34. Sa date doit remonter au Xllls siecle, probablement bientot apres 1246, lorsque les Byzantins se firent maitres de la forteresse de Serres.

II. L'eglise de St Nicolas a Doutli, un village bulgare pres de Serres, est une construction carree en forme d'une croix grecque (fig. 36 et 37); la coupole repose sur un haut tambour soutenu par quatre colonnes. Les memes colonnes servent de soutien aux quatre petites coupoles, entre les angles formes par les branches de la croix; ces coupoles ne sont pas surelevees au dehors et restent sous Ie toit (fig. 37). La partie de I'ouest est une construction posterieure de 1851. L'eglise primitive qui doit se rapporter au XIVe steele, a 8'40 m. de longueur sur 7'20 m. de largeur et 4'50 m. de hauteur.

S. N. Bobtchew.

4epenH OTb CTapoxpHCTH~HCKa rpo6HHua Bb CO<PH~

ors KpYM'b JlPOH'IHJlOB'b (CD Ta6JJ. I H II)

B'b OTKpHTaTa npt3'b 1909 ron, npt.n;'b xxuiara .N!! 13 aa Yll.

I'ypxo crapoxpacraaacsa rpooaaua npoq» r. Kanapoas e HaMtpHlI'b_ H rpascraao npH6pall'b 8 He aarrsnao sanaseaa qOBtWKH sepena. Cnopem, H3yqBaHHSlTa aa r. Kauaposa 1) rp06HHuaTaMome .D;ace oraece K'bM'b V HlIH HaH-K'bCHO K'bM'b VI BtK'b ClI. Xg .. G'b xepenar-aue c""- HaMtpeHH HHKaKBH OCTaHKH OT'b MaTepHallHa KYlITypa,ThH qe HtMa HHUl.O npyro, OCBtH'b caaara rpoeaaua C'b HeHHHn H306p;a>«eHHH H Ha.D;nHCH, KoeTO na e MtpO.D;aBHO sa .D;aTHp3HeTO HM'b. 3a C'bMfflilute,. qeWitTaSl rpooaaua c""- norpe6- BallH H B'b no-cerasmaa BptMeHa, ra qeH uepenarana He C""- 0T'b noxasaaara sa rpotiaauara enoxa, HtMaMe sa cera HHKaKBO QCHOBaHHe. Koraro ce aatiepe nosese H .D;06pt .D;aTHpaH"b MaTepHall'b, S'b3'b OCHOBa na KOUTO zta HH ce YSlCHaT'b aarponoaorauecxarb HacnOSlBaHHSl aa 6allKaHCKHSl nonYOCTpOB'b, roraaa we MO>Ke .D;a ce nonurae T03H B'bnpOCb H .n.a Ka>KeM'b, KaKBH C""- 6HlIH, xora H OTKN;..n.t C""- nouraa THSI xopa, xepenar-a aa KOHTO C""- nasrbpeaa B'b B'bnpOCHaTa rpotiaaua.

Tt3H sepena npsncraaar-s rOlltM'b naysem, aarepees, T'bU KaTO Tt XB'bPllSlT'b ManKO cBtTnHHa B'bpXy $H3HqeCKHSl xapaxreps aa naceneaaero na CO$HSl B'b OHOBa BptMe, npa ace se rt c""- MHoro ManKO H He.D;OCTaT'bqHH, 3a .D;a HH .D;a.D;aT'b npH6nH3HTenHO BtpHa KapTHHa aa xpaaaoaoraqeCKHrt OC06HOCTH ua TOBa aaceaeaae, 3a C'bmaneHHe, npa no-paauiaa pasxonxa nOqTH ne ce e o6p'bUl.ano BHHMaHHe na nO.D;06HH UtHHH MaTe· paana, KOHTO 6Hxa HH YSlCHHlIH MHoro T'bMHH B'bnpOCH B'bpXY no-panWHOTO, na H ceramao aaceaeaae na HaWHR nonYOCTpOB'b, T'bH qe Luschan 2) HMa rrsaao npaso, KaTO Ka3Ba: .Leute, die sieh nicht die Miihe nehmen

1) r. VI. K a u a P 0 B D H x. T a lj e B D, HOBooTKpHTa CTapoxpHCTHlIHCKa rpotiaaua Bb COCPHli. Vl3B-tCTHli I, 1910, 23-28.

2) Y Nell m eye r, Anleitung zu wissenschaftlichen 8eobachtungen auf Reisen, Han-

nover, 1905. .

KpYMb .nPOH'IHJlOBb. llepenH OTb CTapOXpHCTHIIHCKa rp06HHUa Bb COcpHII. 59

wollen, auch die rnenschlichen Uberreste zu bergen, und denen es nur urn die Orabbeigaben zu tun ist, soli ten von Arnts wegen an solch frivoler Grabschandung gehindert werden." Ha.lI:BSI ce, lie npHMtp'b'I'b na nporp, Kanaposa IUe 6~~e nOCJIt~BaH'b OT'b BCHlIKH HaWH apXeOJl03H H npaHCTopHUH, KOHTO npHCBOHT'B pasxonxa HtMa ~a OCTaBSlT'b 6e3'b BHHMaHHe 1I0BtWKHT'B OCTaHKH.1)

B'bnpOCHHT'B sepena-ae C~ Han'bJIHO aanaseaa. TPH OT'b ';'X'b npt~CTaBJlT'b . caao ropaara sacrs OT'b M03'bllHHSI seperrs. ,UpyrHTt ners C~ C'b OTlIaCTH sanaseao ropao JlHue H 6e3'b ~OJIHSI lIeJlIOCTb, E~HH'b OT'b nocrsnHH$ e,11.t-rCJ<HIT'bii lie lIHCJIOTO HallepenHT'B, KOHTO xorara na ce H3- nOJI3YB8T'b sa cpaBHHTeJIHO KpaHHOJIOrHlIeCKO H3YlIBaHe, ce HaMaJISIBa OIUe noaese.

no asapaers qepenHT'B cepasnpsasaar» KaKTO CJIt~Ba: 1 juu., 4 ad.

H 3 mat. Karo He B3HMaMe npt~'b BH~'b ~tTCKHSI seperrs, BCHliKH npyra C~ MIK>KKH. ,Ua.l(eHHT'B TyK'b H3MtpeHHSI C~ aanpaseaa cnopezrs cnopaaYMtHHeTO B'b MOHaKO. 2) HeCHrypHHT'B MtpKH C~ nOCTaBeHH B'b CKo6KH.

4epenHT'B He npt~CTaBSI'r'b enna paCOBO XOMoreHHa rpyna. Tt nOKa3- BaT'b, se B'b HaCeJIeHHeTO, OT'b KoeTO CAli. OCTaHaJIH, C~ B3eJlH ysacrae Hi,· KOJIKO paCOBH eJIeMeHTH. Me}K.Zl.Y ~pyro sacrxnem, e H xaaenposonem, 6paxHKe<paJI'b. npt}K~eBptMeHHO e cera, npa HaJIHlIHOCTbTa aa TOJlK03'b MaJIKO xarepaaa's, ~a H3noJl3YBaMe KOHCTaTHpaHHT'B KpaHHOJIornlleCKH ripH3HaUH, KaKTO H cpsutanero HM'b B'b ~HeWHOTO HaCeJIeHHe aa 10. 3. 6'bJIrapHSI, sa eTHoreHeTHlJHH 3aKJllOlIeHHSI. Tyxt, nasaxe caxo onacaaaero H H3MtpeHHHTa aa sepernrrs, KaTO MaJl'bK'b npHHOC'b. K'bM'b. eraorpatpaara aa 6aJIKaHCKHSI nOJlYOCTpOB'b B'b CTapHT'B B'hKoBe.

1. 4epen'b .M! 1 (Ta6JI. t 1 a-d). Calvarium mat., C). Jlancsa My Jlt· sara H6'bJIlIiJa ~OCTb 3ae~HO C'b Sl6'bJlllHaTa· ~~ra H MaJlKa xacrs OT'b Jlt-

1) On Ttxl;Halt'BalKHH cx. xepern.rs. T33'bTb H 6ellpeHHrl> KOCTH. KOCTH, KOHTO cx.

"IelKaJlH .IlbllrO Bb 3eMIITa, cx. 'CTaHaIlH H3BbHpe.llHO 'IynllIlBH, ra Tpi>6Ba Jl3 ce 1I3BalK1I.an MHoro BHIIMaTeIlHo.3aToBa rl> ce nonxonasar-s. H H3BalKlaTb rplllKlIlIBO Cb OKOJlHaTa 11Mb npscn, H ce OCTaBllTo 1I.a 'CbXHaTb Cb Hell 2-3 AHH. Koraro H3CbXHan, Ti> 3Ha'lHTeJlHO YIIK'IaBan. Ilpscrsra ce oponaa nocnb CD 1I.bpBe8a Klle'lKa HilH rrsmo n01l.06HO, 80 no 811- KOIt Ha'lHHb 'IynJlH.BH KOCTH He ce MHHTbCb BOJ(a. 3a na ce YSlK'Ian It HanpaBHT1> rOJlHII sa rpaacnoprs, H3BbHpeJlHO 'IynIlHBIITi> KOCTII Moralb. na ce HaMalKaTb Cb pasronem, creaparrs Cb 'IeTKa. Tpi>6Ba nace cb6epan 1-1 npHKpi>nHTb K'bMb xepena, KbMb xoaro npHHaJlllelKaT'b. H3naJlHailHTi> 3x.6H H JlOJlHaTa 'IeJlIOCTb. KbMb KOCTIlrl> Tpi>6Ba na ce npnrypaeanara 6i>Jli>li(Ka sa Mi>cToHaXOlKJleHHeTO H .sa HaMi>pe8Hn CbTtXb npi>JlMeTH, KOIITO cs: BalKHII sa narapaaero HMb.

• .' 2) F. v. L usc han, Die Konferenz von Monaco, Bb Korrespodenzblatt d. Deutschen Gesell. f. Anthropologie, Ethnologie u. Urgeschlchte, XXXVII, 1906, N2 7:

60 KpyM'b llpoH'IHJJOB'b, 4epeuH on crapoxpacraaacxa rpoea-ua B'b CO«PHII

sara ropaa IJeJIIOCTb. Oro 3",6Hn CA'i. OCTaHaJIH caao ropHHTB I H II sanaa K"'THHl{H na necaara crpaaa. n'bpBHSln OT'b TBX'b e nocra aarupxarrs. C'bOTB-BTHHT'B I H II JI'BBH ropaa aanaa KA'i. THHl{H H naara ropaa MA'i..llpel{H CA'i. H3Ba.lleHH npH}KHB-B, a .llpyrHn 3",6H c'" nanaaaa CJIt.ll'b CM'bPTbT3. TeMnOpaJIHHTB IJaCTH H3 KOPOH3PHHSI H nOIJTH l{'BJIHSln CarHT3JIeH'b urees c'" CP3CTH3JIH, 3 OCTaHaJIHTB uresoae CA'i. 3H3IJHTeJIHO onpOCTeHH. B'b 06n3CTbTa na JI3M6.zr.a ce aaxapa MaJIKa BopMHaHOB3 KOCTb. T03H e Ha'ii-.ll'bJIrHSI seperrs B'b cepHSITa (.ll'bJI}K.-WHp. HH.lleKC'b 75'1, CJI'B.llOB3TeJIHO Me30Ke!fJ3JI'b, na rpaaauara na .llOJIHXoKe!fJ3JIHSlT3). Xaaexerpam, (HH.lleKC'b 68'5). rOpHOTO My JIHl{e e oproraarao H Me30np030nHO (npH6JIH3HTeJIHO H3IJHCJIeH'b HH.lleKC'b 50'0). AJIBeOJIapHaTa IJaCTb aa ropasra IJeJIIOCTb npt.llCT3BSI npaBHJIHO U C'b .ll'bJI. }KHHa 55 MM. H niapaaa 66 MM. 3a o.T6tJl-B3BaHe e nocra pa3BHTHSlT'b torus palatinus. Me}K.llY ztaara rrspsa pbaua HM3 3HaIJHTeJIH3 .llHaCTeMa. HOC'bT'b e BHCOK'b 55 MM., a WHPOK'b 28 MM.; H3IJHCJIeHHSln HH.lleKC'b e 50'9, CJIt.llOB3TeJIHO Me30pHHb. HOCOBHTB KOCTH C'" WHPOKH H rOJI-RMH. Bb cphaara rl c'" KOHKaBHO H3BHTH. 06JI3CTbTa aa Ha3HOHa e M3JIKO B.llJI'b6HaTa. Op6HTHTt c'" HH3KH (HH.lleKC'b 77'8). Hanp'BIJHaTa HM'b OCb e MaJIKO HaKJIQHeHa aa B'bH'b. 5I6'bJIIJHHn KOCTH C'" OTBbpHaTH aasam., B'b norma lateralis sepem-rs nOKa3Ba H3n"'KHaJIa rJIa6eJIa, B'b3HH3KO, MaJIKO HaKJIOHeHO IJeJIO H nOCTelleHHO 3aKp",rJISIBaHe aa IJeJiHaTa KOCTb K'bM'b TeMeTO. 4eJIHaT3 KOCTb e 6e3'b IJeJJHH H3.lla.zr.KH. JleK3T3 H3BHBK3 H3 reMeHHHn KOCTH ce cnyura nOCTeneHHO K'bM'b JIaM6.lla, oro .ll-BTO C'b MaJlKO CT",naJIO np-BMHHaB3 K'bM'b CHJIHO 3aKp",rJIeHaT3 THJIH3 KOCTb, .llOJIHSlTa IJaCTb na KOSITO e nOIJTH XOPH30HT3JIH3. On BCHIJKH sepena T03H HM3 Ha'ii'p33BHn H H3'ii-H3n"'KHaJI'b oxuanyrs. CHJlH3Ta H3BHBK3H3 THJIHaT3 KOCTb B'b cpaBHeHHe C'b TaSi Ha IJeJIH3T3 H TeMeHHHn KOCTH ce BH}K.ll3 on HH.lleKCHn, KOHTO np'B.llCTaBSlT'b creneasra H3 CarHTaJIHOTO 3aKpA'i.fJISIBaHe H3 TB3H KOCTH: 80'0 sa lJeJIH3T3, 90'8 33 TeMeHHHTB H 74'8 aa THJIHaT3 KOCTH. OS temporalis e MaJIKO H3nA'i.KH3JI'b B'b cpbnara : processus mastoideus e MaCHBeH'b. TeMeHHHT'B H311a.llKH He CA'i. P33BHTH, ra xeperrsr-s B'b norma occipitalis e .llo6p'B 3aKp",rJIeH'b. Linea nuchae superior e CHJIHO pa3BHTa H C'b rOJIt.M'b processus occipitalis B'b cphaara, rJIe.zr.3H'b B'b norma uerticalis seperrsr-s HM3 eJIHnCOBH.llH3 !fJ0pMa C'b 33KpA'i.rJIeHH IJeJIO H THJI'b. 06JIaCTbT3 ua for. magnum e B'b3nnOCK3. nocntllHHSlT'b e OBaJIeH'b C'b annexes 88'9.

2. 4epen'b .N'!! 2 (T36JI. I 2 a-d). Calvarium, ad., O. rOJItM'b, HO OTHOCHTeJIHO JIeK'b. JlHncB3 My l{-BJIaT3 necaa nOJIOBHHa na JIHl{eTO saeaao C'b .llCCHaTa Sl6'bnlJHa .ll",ra H .llB'BTB HOCOBH KOCTH. OTIJyneHH CA'i. H JIHn-

------------------------~------------------

KpYMb llpoHqlflJOBb, Yepenll OTb CTapoxpliCTIIHHCKa rpodaaua Bb CQ(jJIIH 61

csart, oute sacrs OTb JI-BSaTa HObJIlJHa .ll:lKra, aanaara aJISeOJIapHa sacrs OTb OCTaHaJIaTa JI-Bsa rOpHH lJeJIIOCTb, aanaara sacrs na HeOueTO H lJaCTH OTb CrlHHrl aa OpOHTHT'B. Ha necao OTb for. magnum HMa MaJIbKb npozrsnrosar-s .ll:e<l>eKT'b. Or-s 31K0HT-B CIK OCTaHaJIH JI-BSHrl ropaa np-B.ll:HH KIKTHHUH H KYlJeWKHHTb 31K0b. llpymrl 3IKOH CIK H3na.ll:HaJIH CJI-B.ll:b CMbpTbTa' OCTaHaJIHrl 31K0H HMaT'b MaJiKH CJI-B.ll:H 0T'b H3T'bpKSaHe, a SCHlJKH uresose CIK MHoro Ha31K0eHH H HanbJIHO orsopeaa, ra Bb3paCTbTa na sepena nptCM-BTaMe nO-OJIH30 .ll:0 .ll:Sa.ll:eCeTbrt, OTKOJIKOTO .ll:0 TpH.ll:eCeTbrl rO.ll:HHH. Tosa e Me30Ke<l>aJIeHb (HH.ll:eKCD 76'3) H HH3bKb (xaaexerpaa», aanexcs 68·0) xeperrs, Cb T'BCHO JIHue (npHOJIH3HTeJIHO H3lJHCJIeHb HH.ll:eKCD 56.0). Macaana ropas lJeJIIOCTb. E.ll:PHT'B HObJIlJHH KOCTH CIK .ll:pbnHaTH uasam.. OpOHTHrl_ CIK HH3KH (HH.ll:eKCb 75 0). Hanpbsaara HMb OCb e MaJIKO aaKJIOHeHa na SbHb. Bb norma lateralis ce SHlK.ll:a JIeKO aaaanena raaoeaa, MaJIKO nOJIeraTO lJeJIO, JIeKO 3aKpIKrJIHSaHe aa lJeJIHaTa KOCTb KbMb TeMeTO, KOHTypaTa aa KoeTO npnacraaa CHJIHO CnJIeCHaTa .ll:lKra, KOHTO nOCTeneHHO aasaaa KbMb nOJIYKplKrJIHH oxuanyrs. Creneasra aa 3aKpIKrJIHSaHeTo na OT.ll:-BJlHHrl KOCTH HH naaa'rs aaaexcars : 87'9 sa lJeJIHaTa, 89·6 sa TeMeHHHrl H 82'8 aa THJIHaTa KOCTH. LJeJIHHT-B H TeMeHHHrl H3.ll:a.ll:KH He CIK pa3SHTH. Processus mastoideus e Cp11.ll:HO rOJI-BMb. I'aenam, 0T'b rops, seperrsr-s npbncraas Hanp-B.ll:b norbcerrs, nasazrs no-urapoxs OSOH.ll:b, a Sb norma occipitalis - neTOlKrDJIHHKb, KOHTO e noselJe WHPOKb, OTKOJIKOTO SHCOKb H cs 3aKpIKrJIeHH SbPxose. 1l0JIHHTa sacra aa THJIHaTa KOCTb e cJlaoo HaKJIOHeHa KbMb for. magnum. nOCJI-B.ll:HHHTb npnacraas MaJIKO npo.ll:'bJIrosaT'b OSaJIb (HH.ll:eKCD 78.4).

3. LJepenb .N'!! 3 (TaOJI. II 1 a-d.). Calvarium, ad., O. 1l0cTa TelKbKb, Cb .ll:eOeJIH KOCTH. Jlancsa My rOJI-BMa sacrs 0T'b JI-BSaTa lJeJIIOCTb saenno CD JI-BSaTa H6bJIlJHa KOCTb H HObJIlJHaTa .ll:lKra. CrtHHrt na OpOHTHrl, pemer'sxaara KOCTb H sacrs 'OTb KJIHHOSH.ll:HaTa KOCTb CIK paapymeaa. OTlJyneHH CIK oute .ll:OJIHSlTa nOJIOSHHa na HOCOSH:r-B KOCTH H sananra sacrs na neeuero. OT'b sanaaaara necaa nOJIOSHHa na ropasra lJeJIIOCTb JUllJH, lJe I np-B.u.eHb KIKTHHKb, I aaneirs KIKTHHKb H MIK.ll:peU'bTb elK OHJIH H3Sa.ll:eHH

..

npHlKHS-B, a .tI.pyrHrn 31K0H CIK H3na.ll:HaJIH CJI-B.ll:'b csrsprera. Illeaoeers CIK

accra onpocreaa, ocoeeao CarHTaJIHHHT'b mees, KOHTO e nOlJHaJIb .ll:a ce cpacraa B'b OOJIaCTbTa aa OOeJlHOHa. TeMnOpaJIHHrt lJaCTH na xopoaapaas WeB'b CIK Ooaqe oute Han'bJIHO orsopeaa, LJepen'bT'b e opaxHKe<l>aJI'b (HH.ll:eKCD 81'5), oproxerpam, (HH.ll:eKCD 74'5), Cb Cp-B.ll:HO-WHPOKO aaue (npHOJIH3HTeJIHO H3lJHCJIeH'b aaaexes 50'0). HOCDT'b My e BHCOK'b H C'b WHpOKIf HOCOSH KOCTH. ~O'bJIqHHrt _ KOCTH C1K Cp-BAHO rOJI-BMH H JIeKO

62 KpyMb llP(lH'IHJlOBb, 4epenH orb crapoxpacraaacxa rpoeaaua Bb CO",H!!

.llp'bnHaTH aasazrs. Op6HTHT'B ClK S'b3HH3KH (HH.lleKC'b 79'5) H C'b MaJlKO naKJlOHeHa S"b CTpaHH aanphsaa OCb. 4eJlOTO e OTB'BCHO, BHCOKO, 3ao6J1eHO, 6e3'b '1eJlHH H3.lla.llKH H C'b CHJlHO pa3BHTH arcus superciliares. B'b norma filleralis KOHTypaTa My ce H3SHBa nOCTeneHHO K'bM'b TeMeHHHT'B KOCTH, KOHTO OT'b cpaaara ce 6'bP30 aaxpxraanar-s K'bM'b caaeopaasaraa, o6a'le aaxpxraerrs THJI"b. Creneasra aa aaxpxraaaanero aa OT.ll'BJlHHT'B KOCTH Hlf .llaBaT'b cn'B.llHHT'B HH.lleKCH: 87'5 aa seaaara, 88'6 aa TeMeHHHTi; H 79'2 sa THJlHaTa KOCTH. Planum temporale e SHCOK'b; processus mastoideus cpt.llHd rOJltM'b. TeMeHHHT'B asnanxa He ClK pa3SHTH, ra S'b norma occipitalis lJe~ perrsrs np'B.ll:CTaBSl rops CHJlHO aaxpxraeaa ncrozr-sana <popMa. B'b Cp'Bztara aa linea nuchae superior HMa pa3BHT'b processus occipitalis. nOJlHSlTa sacrs aa THJlHaTa KOCTb e cJla60 HaKJlOHeHa K'bM'b OSaJlHHSl for. magnum, lJHHTO HH.lleKC'b e 79'5.

4. 4epen'b N.! 4 (Ta6J1. II 2 a-d). Calvarium, mat., C). nOCTa TelK'bK'b H CD .lle6eJIH KOCTH. JIHncDa My OCHOBaTa H .lleCHHSlT'b os temporalis C'b rOJl'BMH '1aCTH OT'b lJeJIHaTa H .lleCH8ra reaeuna KOCTH D'b 06J1aCTbTa aa nrepaoaa. OTlJyneHH ClK ClKIUO .llOJlHHTa '1aCTb na raaaara KOCTb, sacrs OT'b JI'BBHH os temporalis aenno C'b JI'BBaTa YUIUa KOCTb H .llB'BT'B Sl6'b~lJHH .ll&rH. Paspymeaa ClK OIUe HOCHHT'B KOCTH H sanasra lJaCTb na necaara opeara. BCH'IKHT'B 3lK6H C'b H3KJ11OlJeHHe aa rrspsaa roperrsnphaea's Ki%THHK'b ClK H3- na.llHaJlH CJI'B.ll'b csrsprsra. OCTaHaJlHSlT'b npt.lleH'b KlKrHHK'b e CHJlHO H3T'bp~ KaU'b. TeMnOpaJlHHT'B '1aCTH aa KopOHapHHSl H aanasra nOJlOBHHa aa cararaJlHHSl meas, ocooeao B'b 06J1aCTbTa aa 06eJlHOHa, CIK -CpaCTHaJlH. 4e· - perrsr's e 6paxHKe<paJl"b (aanexci, 84'2) C'b oproraarao H WHPOKO JlH~e. Aaaeonapaara sacrs aa ropasra 'leJlIOCTb e urapoxa H nonxoaooepaana. JIH~eTo e nJlOCKO H Sl6'bJl'lHHT'B My KOCTH ClK CHJlHO H3.lla.lleHH aanpbm., ra HMa MOHrOJlOSH.lleH'b HdrJle.ll'b. Hoesrs e Cp'B.llHO UIHPOK'b (.Me30pUIt7J, HH.lleKC'b 48'1). r'bp6'bT'b aa aoca npa OCHOBaTa My e JleKO aaxpxraem-. 0p()HTHT'B ClK MaJlKH H Me30KOHXHH (aaaexes 82'1); nanpssaara HM'b OCb e CHJlHO HaKJlOHeHa S'b CTpaHH. rJla6enaTa e aaaanena aenao C'b pa3BHTHT'B arcus superciliares. Pa3BHTH CIK MaJlKO H lJeJlHHT'B H3.lla.llKH. 4eJlOTO e BH· COKO H OTS'BCHO. Faenaao OT'b crpaaa, TO 3aSHBa 6'bP30 K'bM'b JleKO aa- 06J1eHOTO reae, KOHTypaTa na TeMeHHHT'B KOCTH 3aSHBa 6'bP30 OT'b Cp'B· nara HM'b K'bM'b nOlJTH nJlOCKHSl THJI'b. CarHTaJlHOTO saxpxrasaaae na '1eJl· sara H reMeHHHT'B KOCTH ce H3pa3SlBa OT'b HH.lleKCHT'B: 85'83a rrspsara H 85'9 aa BTOPHT'B KOCTH. TeMeHHHT'B H3.lla.llKH He CIK pa3BHTH. B'b norma verticalis '1epen'bT'bnp'B.llCTaSSl urapoxa SlH~eo6pa3Ha <popMa C'b cJla60 aaxpxrneaa aanaa sacrs, rJle.llaH'b OT'b aazrs, npsncraea CHJlHO aaxpxraeaa neTO.i'Kr'bJIHa q>opMa.-

KpyMb .llpOHlJHnOBb, LJepenH ort, CTapOXpHCTH!lHCKa rpotinana Bb C04JH!i 63

5. 4epen'b .Nl! 5. Calva, ad., O. C'bCTOH ce caxo OT'b senaara, TeMeHHHTB H THJlHaTa KOCTH. OT'b n'bpBHTB CN,. OTlJyneHH MaJiKH lJaCTH 0T'b 06- aacrsra na nrepaoaa, a OT'b noorsnnara - .lI:OJlHSlTa sacrs .lI:O 06eJlHOHa. BCHlJKH lIIeBOBe CN,. orsopena, 3ana3eH'b e aarrsaao MeTOnHlJHHSlT'b lIIeB'b (sutura frontalis). B's JlaM60H.lI:HHSI mem, B'b JI-BBO OT'b JlaM6.l1:a ce naaapa rOJl-BMa CHJlHO Ha3N,.6eHa H C'b MaJIKO eJlHnCOBH.lI:Ha rpopaa BopMHaHOBa KOCTb (naaxerpa OKOJIO 3 X 2 CM.), snanena CHJlHO B'b TeMeHHaTa KOCTb. B'b norma lateralis lJepen'bT'b nOKa3Ba CHJlHO pa3BHTH arcus superciliares, HH3KO qeJIO, CHJlHO 3aBHTa K'bM'b TeMeTO xenaa KOCTb; KOHTypaTa ua reMeHHHTB KOCTH B'b aropara HM'b qeTB'bpTb ce nosnara MaJiKO H ce JleKO saxpxrasaa K'bM'b CJIa603aKpN,.rJIeHHSI oxnanyrs, JIaM6.l1:a ce aaxapa MHoro BHCOKO, ra pascrosaaero 6perMa-JIaM6.l1:a e MaJIKO. I1H.lI:eKc'bT'b sa H3BHBxara na neanara KOCTb e 87'8, sa TeMeHHHTB 91'3, a sa THJIHaTa 82'2. TeMeHHH-rn KOCTH CN,. 6e3'b H3zr.a.ll:KH H CN,. CHJIHO 3aKpN,.rJleHH. B'b norma oerticatis seperrsr-s np-B.lI:CTaBSI eJIHnCa, H3.l1:YTa CHJlHO B'b cpsnara : qeJlOTO B'b 06J1aCTbTa na MeTOnHqHHSI lIIeB'b e MaJIKO saocrpeno. THJIHaTa KOCTb e MHoro BHCOKa. B'b 06JIaCTbTa aa naara acrepaoaa ce BH>K.llaT'b MaJiKH lJaCTH 0T'b sutura transversa.

6. 4epen'b .Nl! 6. Calvarium, juo. Pecraapapairs 0T'b MHorOTO napxera, aa KOHTO e 6HJI'b pa36HT'b. JIHnCBaT'b My cease H-BKOH qaCTH OT'b pa3J1HqHHTt My KOCTH. Taxa, Me>K.lI:Y .llpyrHT-B, JlHnCBaT'b MaJIKHqaCTH 0T'b TeMeHHHTB, THJlHaTa, necaara rexnopaaaa H HOCOBHTB KOCTH. OCB-BH'b TOBa 06JIaCTbTa Ha JI-BBHSI nTepHOH'b, pelIIeT'bqHaTa H KJlHHOBH.lI:HaTa KOCTH CN,. pa3pYlIIeHH. OT'b 3N,.6HTB CN,. OCTaHaJIH na necaara crpaaa KyqelIIKHSlT'b H I H II sanaa KN,.THHl.\H, a na JI-BBaTa rrspaasrs np-B.lI:eH'b KN,.THHK'b HI H 11 3a.ll:HH KN,.THHl.\H . .llpyrHTB3N,.6H CN,. H3na.ll:HaJIH cn-B.lI:'b CM'bpTbTa. 3a.ll:'b BTOpHTB saaaa KN,.THHl.\H 3-BSlT'b .lI:'bJl60KH SlMH, 0T'b KOHTO CN,. H3na.ll:HaJIH Hepa3BHTHTB oute MN,.npeaa. Iloaeace BTOpHTB3a.ll:HH KN,.THHl.\H CN,. aarrsaao H3paCTHaJlH, TO np-BCM-Braxe, se xeperrsr-s e on HH.lI:HBH.lI:'b aa 14-..15 ron, B'b3pacTb. TOBa e MaJl'bK'b, xunepopaxaxerpaaem, (HH.lI:eKC'b 87'0) H xansaseqiaaem, (HH.lI:eKC'b 82'7) 'Ieperrs, JIHl.\eTO My e TBCHO (npH6JIH3HTeJlHO np-BCM-BTHaT'b HH.lI:eKC'b 53 4), C'b BHCOK'b H l-BCeH'b HOC'b (HH.lI:eKC'b 49'0) H BHCOKH Op6HTH (xHn3HKOHX'b, HH.lI:eKC'b 86'1). Hanpsxaara OCb na Op6HTHT-B e HaKJlOHeHa MaJiKO B'b CTpaHH. B'b .norma lateralis ce BH>K.lI:a cn-B.lI:HSlTa KOHTypa:· OTHaqaJlO OTB-BCHaTa lJeJiHa KOCTb nOlJBa Ha BHCOlJHHa Ha'pa3BHTHTB lJeJIHH H3.l1:a.ll:KH .lI:a ce aaxpxrassa nOCTeneHHO K'bM'b MaJIKO 3a06J1eHOTO rexe : OT'b cp'snara na TeMeHHHTB KOCTH TSI 6'bP30 ce cnywa K'bM'b cJIa60 3aKpN,.rJleHHSI OKl.\Hnyn. B'b norma oerticalis seperrsrs HMa SlHl.\e06pa3Ha q>opMa C'b Muoro

64 KpYM'b llpoH'IHJJOB1:, YepenH OT'b crapoxpacrasacaa rpoenaua B'b COCPHH

WHpOKa H JIeKO aaxpxraeaa sanaa sacrs, a Bo norma occipitalis CHJIHO saxpxraeaa neroxr-sana $opMa. THJIHaTa KOCTb e MHoro HaKJIOHeHa KoMo for. magnum, trsaara OKOJIHOCTb aa KOHTO e H3.lla.lleHa XYHHo06pa3Ho.

7. 4epeno .N'!? 7. Calva, mat., O. CoCTOH ce OTo lJeJIHaTa H .llBtTt TeMeHHH KOCTH, KOHTO c'"" .lle6eJIH H TelKKH. OTD 3a.llo H OTD CTpaHH na TeMeHHHTt KOCTH, ocooeao OTD JItBaTa, C}h orsyneaa 3HaIJHTeJIHH lJaCTH. CarHTaJIHHHTD nreas, CD MaJIKO H3KJIIOIJeHHe Bo nphanara My xacrs, H TeMnopanesrrs lJaCTH aa KopOHapHHH weBo C}h CpaCTHaJIH. 4eJIHaTa KOCTb e .ll06pt saxpxraeaa H 6e30 lJeJIHH H3.lla.llKH. Arcus superciliarts e pa3BHTD. TeMeHHHrn KOCTH, raenaaa Bo norma lateralis, npaasrs CHJIHa H3BHBKa Bo cpsaara CH. Tt ex 6e3o H3.lla.llKH.

8. 4epeno N!! 8. Calva, ad., O. CoCTOH ce caxo OTD lJeJIHaTa H .llBtrn TeMeHHH KOCTH, KOHTO C}h .lle6eJIH H TelKKH. 3a.llHHTa sacrs aa JItBaTa reMeHHa KOCTb e crsyneaa, Illeaosers C}h 311alJHTeJIHO onpocreaa, HO aascsK}h.llt OIUe OTBopeHH. LJeJIOTO e BHCOKO H 3a06JIeHO, CD .ll06pt pa3BHTH arcus superciliares. TeMeHHHrn KOCTH C'"" .ll06pt 3aKp,""rJIeHH H 6e3o H3- .lla.llKH. ,[(0 KOJIKOTO MOlKe .lla ce C}h.llH Bo3o OCHOBa na sanaaemrrs KOCTH, lJepenoTD e 6paXHKe$aJIo.

Cranes provenant de I'ancienne n e c r o p o l e c h r e tf e n n e de So f i a. Y sont decrits huit cranes trouves a Sofia en 1909, dans un tombeau vieuxchretien. (v. Bulletin de la Societe archeologique bulgare, I, 23 et suiv.), Le tombeau remo nte au Ve ou VIe s. Au point de vue racial. les cranes ne presentent pas une homogeneite ; ils montreat que la population chretienne de Sofia de cette epo que la appartenait a des races differentes. Les quatre cranes mieux conserves sont reproduits sur les planches I et II. lis ont ete mesures (p. 65) suivant la base adoptee a Monaco.

K. Dr o n tch il o w.

._--_._._--

KpYM'b !lpOHqHnOB'b, 4epenH on CTapoxpHCTHlIHCKa rpo6HHua B'b C04lHll 65

113M1>PEHI151 11 I1H,UEKCI1.

HYMep'b~Ha sepena B'b3paCTb. • • • non'b • . . . .

HSM'kpeHHR :

HaD-rontMa ll'bnlKHHa

• ~. WHpHHa....

BHCOqHHa (6a3HOH'b-6perna) • HaD ManKa WHpHHa aa xenoro •

• rontMa • • •

6HyroMaTHqHa WHpHHa. . BHCOqHHa Ha ropHOTO nHue

• • Hoca.

UlHPHHa.. • • • • • . • . . • . • ~~yop6HTHa WHpHHa (1l8KPHOH'b-llaKpHOH'b) P 83CTOllHHe 6a3HOH'b- Ha3HOH'b. • . • • • !ll,n>KHHa HII nHUeTO (6a3HOH'b-npOCTHOH'b).

• • foramen magnum.

IllHpHHa." •

• • Op6HTHrt (OT'b naxpaoae) .

BHCOqHHa • • •.•

!l'bn>KHHa Ha ropHllTa qenlOCTb • • • • . . . • AJiBeOnapHa WHpHHa Ha ropasra qenlOCTb • • • • Ill· paaa Me>K.aYYWHHrt TOqKH. • . . . . . • }COPH30HT8nHa 06HKonKa (npt3'b o4lpHoHa H naa-roa.

prot. OCC.). • • " •••••••••

UlrHT8nHa 06HKonKa (Ha3HOH'b-OnHCTHOH'b). . . •

• • aa xeaaara KOCTb (Ha3HOH'b-

6perna). • . • . • • • • . .• •

Cararaaaa 06HKonKa aa reseaars KOCTH (6perMa-

naM611a). • • . • • . • • . • • • • • .

Cararaaaa 06HKonKa na THnHaTa KOCTb (naM611a~

onHCTHOH'b) • • • . • • • •. ••

nptKO pa3CTOllHHe Me>KllY Ha3HOH'b H 6perMa •

• • • 6perMa H naM611a, .

• " • naM611a H onHCTHOH'b

550 551 535 (536) - 480 - - 390 391 379 373 348 - -

133 140 128 141 123 118 - 130

(130) 135 131 128 115 120 - -

120 - 135 110 - - 116 121 108 104 - 144 121 110 105 105 - -

95 - III 95 - -

345 ad. mat. ad.

000

1 2 mat. ad.

o 0

167 194 184 148 148 150 135 134 137 104 107 102 - 130 128

(144 (134) (148) -

72 75 74 72

55 55 58 54-

28 - - 26

22- 2826

107 104 106

98 (97) (95) -

36 37 39

32 29 31

45 44 44

35 33 35

55 - -

66 - -

129 116 131

(127)1 116 117 123 (118) 121 (96) 96

HH.II.eKCH: !l'bn>KHHHo,wHpoqeH'b HHlleKC'b (I00XWHP.)

ll'bn>K.

( l00XBHC.) ll'bn>K.

(I00XBHC.) IIIHp.

(l00XBHc.Harop. nHUe)

HR.II.eKC"b. Ha ropaoro nHue . 6HyroMaT. WHp.

HOca (lOOXWHP') . • '. 50'9

• llbn>K.

6 rt (101XBHC. )

• op HTH WHp. •

. (I00XWHP.)

• " for. magnum •

ll'bn>K

(100xnptKo paCT. M. Ha3HOH'b H 6perMa )

ceraraaaa 06HKonKa aa qenH. KOCTb .

,llOOXnp't.Ko·pacT. M. 6perMa H naM6118)

'\ catHi'anlia 06HKOnK8 na TeM. KOCTH ••

(l00xnp'tKo paCT. M. naM611a H onHCTHOH'b)

carHTanHa 06HKonKa Ha THnH, KOCTb .

UlHPOqHO

HSBlICTH8 Ha Apx, ApYlI(, VII,

184 180 155 157

96

39 32

64

6 7 8 juv. mat. ad.

- 00

162 - - 141 - - 134 - - 94 99 99 - - 127

- (116, - -

62 - - 45 - - 22 - -

97

96 - - (90) - - 33-- 26 - - 36 - - 31 - -

60-- 116 - -

- ,......-

5

68'5 68'0 74'S

75'1 76'3 81'5 84'2 87'2 87'0 - -

91'2 90'5 91'3

- 82'7 - -

- 95'0 - -

I'

- 48'1

50'0) (50'0) (50'() - - (53'4) - -

- 49'0 - -

88-9 78'4 79'5

77.8 75'0 79'5 82-1 - 86'1 - -

87'0 87'5 87'S 85'S 87'8 88'1 - 877

90'8) 89'6 88'6 85'9 91'3 87'5 - -

75,6) 82'8 79'2 - 82'2 86'4 - -

I [

- 78'8 - -

KIOCTeH,UHJICKH5ITb XHCa PJIbKb H HerOBHT-B CTapHHH

OTb Hop. HBaHOBb (Cb Ta6J1. 111). ---0---

Henocp snao ,l.I,O rpazia KIOCTeH,l.I,HJIb, OTb IO}I{HaTa My crpana, ce H3- nara CTpbMHO e,l.l,HHb XbJIMb, xoaro e nOCJIt,l.l,HH 113,l.1,aHKa aa Ocoroscxara nJIaHHHa. Tos XbJIMb e n03HaTb Cb I1MeTO .XHCapJIbKb". 1) XHCapJIbKbTb HMa H3rJIe,l.l,b aa naaeneno nptctqeHb KOHYCb, Cb no HI13KaTa CH cssepaa crpaaa 06bpHaTb KbMb rpan -. OTKbMb IOrb TOH ce cnoaaa cs pa3KJIOHeHI1S1Ta na OcorOBO. Ham, rpaaa, KOHTO cp'snao HMa 515 Merpa uanxopcxa

06p. 39. - XI1CaplIbK'bTb npn KlOcTeHIHIJlb.

BHCOTa, XHCapJIbKbTb ce H3,l.1,Hra Cb 166 M. npa HuH-BHcoKaTa CH xacts, H Cb 141 M. npa nO-HI13KaTa CH nacrs, mo e OTKbMb rpana. fOPHOTO pasaauie aa XHCapJI"cKa HMa HenpaBHJIHa eJIHnCOBH,l.I,Ha <fJopMa; aa ,l.I,JIb}l{b TOBa paaaauie MtPH OKOJIO 250 M., a aamap s 150 M. ~rJI. o6p. 39).

1) CTapOTO TypCKO aaceaesue napauatuc XbJlMa .xacap.rsx-s", KOeTO we pexe pasaa,1I1HII. Cera no ce QYBa IIMeTO .XlIcap,lbKl,· T. e rpanauie. Ha apa6CKII .xacap s" 3HaQll noapsna, pa3BalIIIHa, a .XlIcapb· w.e xasce yxpt.n.reune, uaranena.

Aop Ha8HOB'b, KIOCTeHJl}IJICKHIIT'b XHcapn'bK'b H HeroBm CT8PHHH 67

KaKTo ropnsra paBHHHa aa Xacapasxa, raxa H BerOBHn CK.7IOHOBe ~ OOpaCJIH C'b naea H nHTOMHa ropa (raasao OOP'b), npourapeaa TYK'b.TaM'B C'b

, n.llO)l.HH . Jl'bpBera: 1JepeWH, KPYWH. MYWMYlIH.' KeCTeHH. nOpa)l.H-: CBOHTa OllH30CTb )1.0 rpaaa, nopana paCTHTellHOCTbTa H sonara CH, XHCapll'bK'bT'b, KoATO e e)l.HH'b 0T'b HaA.xy6aBHrl KlKTOBe na O'bllrapCKaTa 3eMH, BHHarH e ~Y}[(lfll'b sa npHHTHa pasxonxa na KJOCTeH)l.HlIIJ.H H aa nO'Jl311e1JHH rOCTH. XIfCapll'bK'bT'b He e 6HBan'b 3a6paBHH'h H np'B3'b MHHanHn Bp'BMeHa: B'b )l.peBHOCTb ToA ce e KpaC'hll'b C'b xpaaoae H ACK.7lenHeBa n'B1Je6HHIJ.a, a np'B~'b KpaH aa pHMCKaTa enoxa H Cp'B)l.HHn BtKoBe ex. H3n01l3YBallH crpaTetH1JHOT() My noaoscenae, KaTO ClK H3)1.HrallH no Hero Kp'BnOCTHH mHH H KYlIH.

CSH)I.'BTenCTBaTa. aa CTapH nacareaa H naMeTHHIJ.H 3a KJOCTeH)l.lfnCKHH _XHC~p:n'bK'b, BH40HMHT'B no Hero OCTaHKH on CTapHHH, KaKTO H aanaaeaars H )1.0 aanre Bp'BMe np'B.n:.aHHR sa Ti>X'b Me no.n:.oY)l.HXa )l.a aanpasa apxeonOrH1JeCKH pa3KonKH H .n:.a B'b3KpcCR H'BKOnKO CTpaHHIJ.H 0T'b MHHanOTO Ha TOBa MtCTO. 3a TOBa Me noaspsnaxa Co<pHAcKOTO apxeonorasecso .n:.pylKe<:TBO. H KJOCTeH)l.HlICKaTa rpancxa 06IllHHa, C'b 1JHHTO nOMOIllH Mo}[(aXa )l.a <;_e H~npaBHT'b pasxonxa H na ce OTKpHHT'b )l.OCTa CTapHHH. Pa3KonKHn

.,

ce H3B'bpWBaXa K'bM'b KpaH aa ntToTO H HatJanOTO aa eceasra, xora sa no-

)I.'bnro. sora sa nO-KlKCO Bp'BMe, cnopeas Cp'B)l.CTBaT8, np'B3'b 1906, 1908, 1909, 1911 H 1912 r. Ha ytJHTenH CJI. B'bnKOB'b C'bM'b ocoeeno 6narO)l.apeH'b _aa .rOll'BMOTO yespnae H .n:.06POC'bBtCTHOCTb, nio ynoTpt6H npa ynxreaaero

. Hapa6oTHHIJ.HT'B H 'aanaaaaaero aa HaXOJlKHrn.

3a OTKPHTOTO C'b06IllaBaX'b aa xparxo ome aa BptMe B'b aacsnaaasra aa Coq,HAcKoToapxeonorHtJecKo apyscecrao HnH B'b cnacaaaero aa ClKIllOTO apyacecreo. TYKa ute )l.aM'b 06Ill'b OTtJeT'b sa nOCTHrHaTHn pe3ynT8TH, KaTO . me ce. nocrapas .na caspaca OHOBa, KoeTO otwe CKPHTO B'b H'B)l.paTaHa 3eMRTa. C'b BtCTHT'B aa HCTopHHTa.

, ·HaXO)l.KHT'h ceOTHaCSlT'b K'bM'b naa np'B.n:.MeTa on )l.B'B enOXH ~ e3H.. ,tJeCKH cseraaauta H KPtnoCTb; if cnopezrs TOBa me pa3np'B.n:.tllSi MaTe- pHflTa aa )l.sa )I.'Bna.

I. CSeTHnHma.

Ha MtCTOTO na cerauraas rpam, KIOCTeH)l.Hn'b HtKora ce e Ha)l.Hrana - Tp3KHAcKaT8 nayrallHSI HnH naBTanHH (Pautalia, lla.u'tIX.ALa.), n03HaTa B'b HCTopHHTa no Ha)l.nHCH H naMeTHHIJ.H 0T'b I B. cnt.n:.'b Xp. aacaers. M'BCTHOTO ·TpaKHAc~o. naeae - ~eHTeneTH'l"B ce HBHBaT'b no-paso B'b HCTopHSlTa, ome

,----,------------

B'b IV B. npt]1,H Xp.') H cnassars CBOHTa MOllJ.b H caaocronaocre ]1,0 cpsnara aa I B. CJI. Xp., xoraro l.I,tJIa TP~KHH6t OO'bpHaTa B'b pHMcK,a n1>.9- BHHUHH. .llellTeJIeTHTt no-paao OHJIH npHHTeJIH H C'bI03HHl.I,H aa PHMJIHHHT'B, K,.acKTO sa ,TOBa 3Hae!'d'b H 01'1> e1J.HaUHl.I,epOHOBa pt%. 2) _PH~HHrl> JI,()pH nO-MaraJIH C'b soacxa.aa JI,eHTeJIeTCKHH naps CHTa. naYTaJIHH, raaaeus rpa.~'b aa JI.eHTeJIeTHT'B, BtPOHTHO nOpaJI,H. T.HH CH npHHTeJICKH Sp'b3KH cs PHM'b, KaTO BJIt3JIa Bb C'bCTaBaHa-pHMCKaTa HMnepHH, nOJIyqJiJIa np~~() ]1,a ~qe aBTOHOMHH MOHeTH Ha csoe HM~ Oe3'b oopasa.aa ynpllB~Te.nnHa,<_OOJIaCT~ra

•• A j ·· •• 1 _~ •. ._. '.,-, _,,,.. _. C. _. ;.' ", '.', • ~". ." ."

HJIB ~ll HMnepaToI'~: Toaa6.H~ npt3'b, D1?PBHSI B. CJI. Xp, B'b HaqaJIOTO, na

II a., sazr.HHHT'b JI,J>p>Ka.aeH'b ,opraHH3aT.oJ)'b, axneparopt, TpaHH'b '. (9!-11 I. r.) .S'b300HOaH~'bnaYTa~HH, H rpaJI,'bT'b nOqHaJI'b JI,a' ce KHqH C'b npt~opa Ha \SOH 6JIarOll.:STeJIb YJInHH TpaH,H3 H 11.a ce aapasa YJIDHH naYTaJIHH.' OOJJOB~Ha BtK'b CJItA'b rosa, rpazrsr-s OHJI'b yxpacem, on ytfeHOJIIOOHBltH HM-

nepaTOp'b MapK'b ASpeJIHH (161-180 r.), ra OayraJIHH B'b HtKOH Ha]1,nHCH

c~_e '~~JI-~qae, H ,KaTojAapeJIHeSa (PClut~iia Aurelii). Baaronapenae Ha3a~p~. ~eHHH MHp'b H 11.0~pa ypenria, npt3'b II H III B. rpaJI,'bT'b .lI.0CTHrHaJI'b ao .ija-B~yIl.l,eC'bCTOHHHe~ 3a rona cnOMOrHaJIH H PYJI,apCKHTt H 3eMJIeJI,tJICKH ooraTcTsa, cs KOHTO eOHJI'b H300HJIeH'b KIOCTeHJI,HJICKHHT'b Kpaii orne on

') _-,' , . -. . .: -

J<p3_ii ~pt~e. 9BOllJ.HHTa aa KIOCT_eHJI,HJICKaTa KOTJIOBHHa, cpeespaara pyna

'aa Ocoroao, 3J13TOHOCHHSlT'b ntC'bK'b na CTPYMa ce CJIaSSlT'b C'b JI,YMH H ?Opa3H,_' n,o crapara naYTaJIHiicKH MOHeTH.

OJIaroll.eHCTBHeTo na OaYTaJIHSl ce npO]1,'bJI>KHJIO ]1,0 cpbnara aa IV, S.

CJIt]1,'b TOBa sapBapCKHT'B Hanall.eHHH on csseps H tteCTHT'B onycroureiraa p33crpoHnH pHMCKaTa JI,'bp>KilBa: saenno C'b ]1,PYNfT-B rpanose na OaJIKaHHT'B, nocrpanaaa H OaYTaJIHH, KOHTO HHI<Ora sese He MOrJIa JI,a ce S'b3SHCH JI,O "oaoaa OJIaroycTpoiiCTBO, JI,O ~oeTO OHJIa ]1,OIIIJIanpH PRMCKHT'B HMnepaTopH. 3anaaeihl'rt-na#deTHHUH Ha'naYTanHiicKOTO MHHaJIO Haii-.zr.o?pt CBHJI,tTeJICTBysan aa pexeaoro.

ACKJIenHeBO.;CBeTHJIH.·Il.I,e. -- Haii-BHJI,HO Me>KJI,y.nayrMidicKHT'h 6tJItlKHTocTHe 68110 CBeTHJIHIl.I,eTO na AcKJIenH:st (Ecxynana), n-arpOR'bT'b aa rpana. JItKOBHTHT'B TOnJIH ~HHepaJIHH H3BOPH aa rpana OT'h paso 'bIl.l,e OHJIH npHaJItKJIH nOrJIe]1,HTt na OKOJIHHTt TpaKHiiUH, H MO>Ke OH THSI TOnJIH BOJI,H 11.a C~ CTaHaJIH raaaaa np~q~~f'~Ta~rb JI,~ ce 00pa3YBa nO-rOJItMo ceo JIHIl.I,e, a no-ceres H rpaJI,'b.8) 311ell.Ho C'b TOBa ce e nOSlBHJI'b H J<)'JI1"bT'b

• - - _' ",' ~. • •• c- ,A';:

,c1) I1ose'le33 -Jl.eJ{TeneTifTta sa naYT3Jll!H ra, tl () p. Ii BaH OB 0, CtBepllaMa~e-

.!lORHH, CTp. 3 cn.", _

'2) -In Plsonem §,'-34. < r: "

":,. . ~)HHRH :~l! C'~t_ 'Ie .!lOpH H H~l!TQ, flananHlt tne .BO.!lR c!ioeTOI10Tet(nO,QTJ>_ 'ffillJlJiTl;

H3BOpH. lh CTapHT-B Ra)lnHCH HMeTO ce name IIotu't(X;),,(ot, IIot~'tot),,£ot, Peutalia, Potelia H np. Ko-

t1:bp. HBaHOB'b,KIOCTeH.nHJlCKHlIT'b XIlCapn'bK'b If aeroaaracrapaaa

K'bM'b 6J1aro:ltllTii~Ta 'BOlla, OJl~e;TBOpeHa B'b 60>KeCTBO. Kaxaue 6HJIO JJ.o~:

M3WHOro, -TPaKMHCKo HMe aa TOBa 60>KeCT~0 H nont, Ka«sa <popMa ro-e ' 6HBano '6aroTsopeHo H3n'bpSO,3a-TOBa cera - He aaaesrs. naMetHHllHrl. OT'b nayTaJIHHH ua;zi,nHCHT'B no T'BX'b M3.ll.aBaT'b 60>KeCTSoTdo6'JI-a'leHO B'b <pop; Miirl H e3HKa na eJIHHCKaTa KyJlTypa, KOHTe) 61. C'bYMtJI-a zta ce HaJlO>KH B'b -' TpaKHAcKHfk Kp~HIIta. Ho 0T'b zrpyra crpana ;nape,lJ.'bC'b ACKJIenHSI ce seaasae H601KeCTOOTO TeJIec<pop'b, KoeTO no liMe H no 06JI'BKJIO ce aaaaea sa

,lJ.OMaWHO TpaKHHCKO.

,-

AKe) CiK.ll.HM'b no cbBoKynHocTbTa aa M-BCTHHT'B naMeTHHUH H Ha.n.nHclf,CB'bp3aHH C'b ACKJleriHH, -Tp-B6B~ ,lJ.a npH3HaeM'b, se kyJIT'bTh. ua TOBa60}i(e~CTBO B'b CTapHH KIOCTeH,lJ.HJI'b e 6HJI'b MHoto wHpoK'b.TaKa, na -e,lJ.ua '-rriOHeTa, ctiIeHa' 81. naYTaJIHH, croa f~aBaTa Hg:'AcKJlenHsI C'bl"~M_

~,. -~

6J1eMaTa na C.iKmOTO 60>KeCTBO - 3MHHTa H

H3JJ.DHC'b IIa;u'tIXAt{J)tii>v (o6p. 40). Ha .npyrH'nay- _06p, 40.-MoHeTa OTb Ilayranas.

TaJlHHCKH }fOHe1-H na onaxaro e lf306pa3eHa '3MHH C'b CHSlHHe OI<<;>Jto raasara (o6p._41)"; a 3MHSITIl, OC~-BH":b KaTO JI-BlJe6eH'b CHMBOJI'b aa TOnJIHt'B BO.l{H,e (lHJIa H e,lJ.HH'b 0T'b aTpH6ytHT-B aa ACKJIenHSI. 06pa3'bT'b na 060rOTBOpeaara 3MHSI:,lI-BKapKa ce HaM-BpU H aa enaa M03aHKa B'b KIOCTeH.nHJI'b {06p. 43). 3auIHJ1oKHH 'XynT'b na ~cK:'IenHH rOBOpHT'b orne H OTKPHTHT-B <pparMeHTH - Ol'b

".. ,- -(:TaTytf a3S:c.tlltHH c:6oM., KaK'

TO H 06pOlJHH nJIOlJKH, e,lJ.HH -I1'oCBet~Jm caxo HaAcKJIenmi;:

, ,lJ.pyrli np-B.ncratrnIItH66ta' Cb'; ,lJ.'bIItepSi My XHrHSI "UJIH - - c,:,-npyrapa Mf' SlCHOBHllell_a' Te--: " Jlec<pop'b. B'b Ton.rmT'B - 83-

06p. 41. - MOHeTa OT'b Ilayranas.

"BOP" - B'b - KIOCTeHJJ.HJJ'b 6t-, OTKPHTO H e.ll.HOrOJltMoKaMeHHo HHlle-, H3S-BCTeH'b aTpu6yT'b naK'b aa ACKJiehliH:

3a oc06eHO rOJI'BMaTa -.nOlJHTb, C1iKOHTO ce e' rtOJI3ysaJI'b ACKJI'ertH -S'b naYTaJIHH, CBH,u:hTeJlCTsysa H enaa sa6tll-B>KHTemta nayraaaacka MOHeta Oh ' BptMe~? na HMneparOp'b Ka'paKaJIa (196-217 r.), OT'b' keSlY3HaaaMe, :lJ~

"

peH'bTb _Jla JiYMaTa MO>Ke na ce clI'bp>Ke CD narHHCKOTO putehs - H3BOP'b H -C'b np'B.nnona: raeMO!o Cpl'!,llHO: TpaKHItI'KO· *paut-, ra _ "j:nope.zn, TOlla' H Pautalla me" na. e:' 030a'l8BaJlO .. "3"" BOPH-, .6aHlI·. Tilt KaKTo TonnHT't H31l0P" Bb KaMnaHHlI CAl. llanH HMeTO aa rpana Puteoli cera Pozzuoli. Ors spaa aa Cp'B.nHHT'B B'BKOlle ra H no naecs Y cenCKOTO aaceaeaae KlOcreH:

AHn'b e 6Hn'b n03HaT'b H C'b HMeTO Baas, KoeTO Cb snssa np1;BOA't 1Ia Pautalla, '

70 Aop. HBaHOB'b, KIOCTeH)lHIlCKHHTb XHCapn'bK'b H aeroeara crapaaa

B'b nayraJlHSl e HMaJlO ACKJIenHOH'b T. e. CBeTHJlHw.e-Jl-BlJeOHHLla noJJ.'b aaxpaaara aa oora ACKJlenHSl. Ha onaKOTO ~Ha MOHeTa'J'a (oop. 42), Me>KJJ.Y. nannaca B'b Kpl%r'h OV AnlAC nA VT AAIAC, CTOH oopas'bT'b aa KIOCTeHJJ.HJlCKHSl Xacapasx», oopaC'bJl'b C'b ropa H cs xpaaose no Hero: eJI.HH'b aa B'bpXa, JI.Pyib B'b CaMHT-B nOJlH aa Xacapasxa, a 0T'b crpaaa no OOlJHH~HT-B" ua X'bJlMa ce BH>KJJ.aT'b JI.B-B nO-MaJlKH xpaasera H enao TpeTO TOKY no rOJl-BMHSl .nOJleH"b xpasrs, B'b Bc-BKH eJI.HH'b 0T'b xpaMOBeT-B B.'b cpanara JlHlJH no eJI.Ha CTaTySl. B'b .neCHO 0T'b rOJl-BMHSl JI.OJleH'b XpaM'b HSJlHSaT'b TP~ JlHLl~. Oute np-B.nH JI.eCeTHHa rOJI.HHH, xoraro npoysaaxa ras nayraaaacxa MOHeTa, B'b MeH'b ce SaKp-BnH Ha.nelKJI.a, KaKBO .. Ox.JI.eIllHT-B paaxonxa aa B'bpXa' H npa nOJI.HOlKHeTO aa Xacapasxa me HH aapanaars C'b OTKpHBaHe na H1;KOSl 0T'b, rlSH aaoepeaeaa na MOHeTaTa xpaMOBe'JI-BlJeOHHLlH, n'bK'b H .npyr~ ome llpeBHOCTH". t) Paaxonxars, HaHCTHHa, onpaanaxa OlJaKBaHeTO MH.

TYK'b e YM-BCTHO JI.a npaBeJI.eM'b Ha KI%CO OHOBa, 1110 , , SHaeM'b sa JI.peBHHT-B ~CKJlenHOH"

H sa T-BXHaTa y~eJI.O~. sa .na C~ 'c YSlCHHM'b np-B.nHa3HalJeHHeTO aa np-BJI.MeTHT-B, lIaM-BpeHH rrpa pasKOnKHT-B. H-BKOramHHT-B ac¥e- (: nHOHH (acntA"l1tt£tov) C£ OHJlH cse.nHHeHHe na CBeTHJlIHI{e C'bJl-BlJeo-

()()p. 42. .; MOHeTa OT'b nayr8JIHH.

HHLt8, no.n'bnOKpOBHTeJlCTBOTO aa oora aa MeJJ.HIlHHaTa ACKJlenHSI. KaTO H3KJlIO lJHM'b peJlHrHOSHaTa crpaaa na aCKJlenHOHHT-B, aaase rl xorar s JI.!l ce yno .n06SlT'b na C'bBp-BMeHHHT-B KYPOpTH. Haa-noapoeao onacaaae na aCKJJenHOJlHT-B, HMeHHO na enH.naB'bpCKHSl B'b AprOJlHJI.a, HH e ocraaaas Flaysaaa. On Ilayaanaesoro onacaaae H 0T'b .npyrHT-B B-Bl."TH sa CBeTHJlHIUaTa aa ACKJIenHSl SHa~M'b, lJe aCKJIenHOHHT-B ex ce nOM-BCTBaJIH OOHKHOBeHO 'BCp-BJI.'b caeutena JI.1%6paBa, JI.-BTO uenrpaaao Mi;CTO esaexam, XpaM'bT'b ua ACKJlenHSl '. H CTaTYSlTa aa CX-1ll0TO OOlKeCTBO. Enaaaespcxara CTaTYSl aa ACKJlenHSI eL. 6HJla aanpaseaa 0T'b SJlaTO H OT'b CJIOHOBa KOCTb. Bor-srs e OHJI'b np-B.nCT8BeH'b :ceJI.HaJl'b aa np-BCTOJl'b, .n'bplKelll'b B'b enaara CH. pxica lKeS'bJI'b •. ,a; B'b,JI.pyraTa SMHSI.nOJI.'b np-BCTOJla HMaJlO HSBOP'b. no xpaaa ce Ha~~p~~,'b,<. JI.x.rOBH.neH'b TP-BM'b C'b nOKpHB'b aa MOJleIllHT-B ce H sa 60JiHHT-B. M~()~o 60Jl~HT-B o6alJe H Tpy.nHHT-B lKeHH He ce JI.OnYCKaJlH B'b csemeaara orpaA~'O., sautoro CeCM-BTaJIO aa.ocxsepnenae, aKO B'b CBeTOTO MtCTO YMpeQeJIOB-BK1>Cl

, ., ~

I) CtBepHa MaKe;J,OHHH. crp, 14.

Aop. I1BaH~1>, KIOCTelIJlHJJCKHlITi'XHCSPII'bK'lo H· HerOSlim cTapHHH. 71

HJIl{ aKO poaa l!'eHa. ACKJIenHOH'bT'bHMaJl'b xpaxose nOCBeTeHH H Ha.ll.PyrH 60>K~C'rBa :Ha ::An<OJlOlfa, ':H:a XHrHSI, aa A<pPO.ll.HTa, -Ha TeMH.lI.a H.lI.p. noHaCTpaHH, 'HM3Ji() orne: TM'tbp'b, - CT8.l1.H0 H'b aa aannp'aaapaansa H .Jlp.HrpH, 6aHSI, 60JlHH~aj.'.lI.tTo 6HJlH npaeaaaa H Te>KKO 60JlHH H YMHpaelllH., CJlY>KHTeJI"B'b~'XpaMa aa ACKJIenHSIOUJf11' OKpenH~JlctKapH. Tt CBemeHO.ll.tHCTBYB3JlH H:.lJ;i>ptJlH 6ooHlrrt .. Tt OTIl.1l.>KJI.aJlH if csemeHH3MHH,K8TO na3~JlH eJlHH on. 'rtX1>B'b 'OcoOHHCaH.lI.'bllH, a .lI.pyr~ B'1>BO.lI.aTa aa caemeaas HaBnp'b npa-xpaaa; OT'b HItJI.HSJ 6HJlH JlOH3CHHH nanaraaa, C'b 'KOHTO >Kpe~TtcH CJlYHGIJlH npt.ll.'b cyeaspnoro naceaeaae-aa nptJl;CKa3BaHe.

DOJlHHTt, MWJlH3a irspeae B'b acsaenanaa.cce noanarana aa pe,n:hnpt.ll.' BapHTeJlHII 06pe.ll.HOCTH, KaTO KAtnaHe,pe>KHM'hB'b xpaaara, npHHaCHHe>KepTSH H.ttp. B1i, OaHSlT.a HnHi'B,~ Jltlle6RHSI H'3BOP'b 611J1H ,XB$pnslHH KaTO>KepTB3 'MOHeTH H .lI.p. npt.ll.MeTH. CJlt.ll.'bOllHUI.eHHeTO, 60JlHHSIT'b ce nonyma.rs .lI.a np'saoUI.YBa B'b xpaxa na ACKJlenHSI, KaTO e np'scnaaaa-snosrsxoraespxy KO>KaTa aa >KHBOTHOTO, UI.O 6HJI'b npaaecsm- JKepTBa. Ha C'bMBaHe, 60JlHHK'bT'b paaKa3BSJI'b "f1 >KpenHTtcBoSI C'bHb, xoaro ce cMtTaJI'b KaTO saymeaae 0T'b ACKJlenaH. :)KpenH~t T'bJIKyBaJlH C'bHH H onp-t.ll.tJISIJlH cnopens TOBa H JItKapCTsaT8 II HallHH3 aa JItKyl,taHeTO. HaJltKYBaHHTt .lI.3BaJIH napose B'b acxaenaoaa, 06pHlIaJlH ce aaaanpaaar-s utUI.O sa CBeTHJIHUI.eToHo6HKHoBeHO OCTliSSIJI!'f' 06pOllHH KaMeHHH nJlOllHe1, oripasa H HMeTO aa 60>KeCTBOTO, KaKTO H c-b~"MeTO aa JI.apHreJlSlj nOH'B.Kors na nnoxara ce oT6tJIt3BaJIa 60- aecrsra H JItKapcTBoTO, K~eT()e .lI.o~iapaJIo 3JI.paBe aa 60JIHHKa H .lI.P. Ha H3BtCTHH .lI.HH B'b CTaJI.HOHa ce YCTpOHBaJIH T'bp>KeCTBeHH arpa H C'bCTeaaHHSI.

X p a M'b H a Ac KJlen HJI"'H 6 allSl •. ;_,,_. naYTaJIHHCKHSIT'b aCKJlenHOH'b C'b OTHOCeUI.HTB ce K'bM'b Hero CBt'THJIHUI.a H .lI.Ni.6paBa e aaeMaJI'b no- rOJItMant'qabi;i' OT'b .lI.HeWHHSf KIdct~ltJi"JICKH' }CHca pi'hK'bj' rJiahH('jl no:tt.HO>KHeTO H ropt paBHI1fuet6 aa" X'bJIMa. - P'JlaBHIlHTi},' xpaMb,' 3CKJIenHeBHSlt"&, ce e saMHpii;I'Jj;B1> fCa,;rHti; nOJlH '-Ha 'Xl,JlMa, npa HaH'·H3.l1.ytaTa lIaCThHtl .lI.~raTa

':','-: -' .... , ,,-', " -; .. " . " . . ' .-'

uro o6pa~YBa XiiCapJIoK'OT'h OTKDM'b rp:in.a---'TaM'b, JI.'BTO e npt.ll.CTaSeH-'b·· xpa. -

MDTbclf aa tOp-trtoMeH3TaTa: NlOHeta. Ha .lI.Ba,JI.eCeTHHa MeTpa nO.ll.'bXpaMai Belle aa caMOTO paBHHIUe, ce e HaXO>KJI.aJIa CBeUI.eHaTa KNi.naJlHSI ....... TaM'b, - ,n:liTo cerase ,rJJ'ABHHSIT'b! l(~nTa>K'b~;Ha (TOnJIHT'B- BO.ll.H .sa KIOCTU.ll.H.7lCKHT'B ':':6aHH. Hn a'it.c1'OTO HaiX'PaMII' ce- H3)tHra e,JI.Ha espeacxa KJKma, cera Hail'-KpaHHa, B'b taB M~x.a.lla, H- MlmaB3 ~CHa CTp'bMHa YJlHlIKa, 1<OSITO BO.ll.H. aa.Xacap« Jl1il(a: aa rop'h;_Ot!<'bM~IO>KlIa :dpaHa,~TaH KAruJ,a:l:rlma B1>l!WeH'b 3HJt'b::HF?f.l6 oaapa '0 <lIak.;rIOIi3-Ha-, Xlica.pil'bKa.-· 111.JI60KH:" pa3KonKH,TaM'bite': Cl'~H&.lta, S8UI.O:rO: Hi>)i~e-cp tllictS'a "'-Ai, ce~o-,.qy}f{Jl.Hc KAUQ,an; _'OCB$H'bT-OBa3TpimSax cp'h.ll.C1'Ba ,H' 'sa ()TpaBSIHe:,"a~Mttor01O np'bCTb, Ha)(Blt.CHaJl8;' Ha.!l~ erpaaara,

72 Plop. I1B8HOB'b, KIOCTeH)lHnCKHRn. XHCapn'bK'b H HerOBHn CTapHHH

3a cera ce Sa.ll.OBOnHXMe .ll.a paaxpaesn, sacrs OT'b nona na xpaaa, nO.ll.'bT'b e aanpasem, 0T'b M03aHqHO cnimeHH KaM'bqeTa. M03aHKaTa .e nocra rpy6a ~ aanpasa, Craoeeaa e 0T'b T'bMHOCHHH H 6tnH MpSlMOpHH KaM'bqeTa. KaM'b· serara, KOHTO CIK caozceaa H aaxp'sneaa B'bpXy naacrs XOpOCaH'b, ca.qe· TB'bPTHTH, C'b crpaaa cphaao no e.ll.HH'b caaraaer-sps, OTKpHTaTa M03aHKa e .lI.'bnra 2'10 M. H mapoxa 70 CM. TSI 6t cxpaneaa C'b UHMeHT'b H ment3HH np~qKH H np'saeceaa B'b MtCTHaTa apxeoaorasecxa ceapxa npa KioCTeH.lI.HnCKOTO qHTanHI.Q,e. M03aHKaTa HaHCTHHa He npaacrasa XY.ll.OmeCTBeH'b HHTepees, HO e:utHHa no CBOSlTa urapxa. B'b enaa 6tna paaxa e BKJllOqeHO T'bMHOCHHbO none, a B~Tpt B'b Hero e otipasa na [rontMa 3MHSI, HaA H3BtCTHHSlT'b aTpH6yT'b aa oora ACKnenHSI. 3MHSlTa e craoeeaa 0T'b 6tJlH KaM'bqeTa H e .lI.'bnra 1'20 M. Ta HMa rontMa raasa, cpt.ll.'b KOSITO SlCHO ce

06p. 43. - M038HK8 on. KIOCTeH)lHn'b. .

osepraaa OKOTO. Onaurxara aa KpaSl e .ll.BoAHa, saraaecra. npt.ll.'b raasara nHI.lHqaCTb OT'b CTHnH3YBaH'b pacrareaeirs opaaaeirrs (06p. 43).

E.lI.HH'b .lI.eHb, xoraro ce pasxpae utnaTa M03aHKa, KOSITO OCTaBa nozrs. 3H.lI.OBeTt aa KJKw,aTa H nom, nCHaTa nJKTeKa, ,H:KOraTO ce orxpae BCH~:. ~jlra np'scrs oxoao KJKw,aTa, • .ll.t,TO e 6H11'& XpaM'bT'b, w,e ce HaMtpSlT'b ~~~SlTHO ome OCTaHKH 0T'b Hero .

. ". :.on CJKW,HSI XpaM'b w,e.ll.a e BtpOSlTHO H e.ll.HH'b IPparMeHT'b()T'b CTaTYSI sa iAC;KJlfnHSI, HaMtpeH'b TOKY nom, xpaMOBOTO MtCTO, npa OCHOBHT'B HIl H~KOr.a:wHaTa rypcxa 6aHSI llla6aH'b xaMaMH, T'bKMO TaM'b, .lI.tTO cera e FJlaBHHSlT'b xanrascs. <l>parMeHT'bT'b (06p. 44) e OT'b eapos-spsecrs 6'Bn'b MpSl~

,

MD;p.'b (BHC;} 7 CM. H WHp. J3'5 CM.) H npbncraaa qa_CTb OT'b rpaMa.ll.HaSMHSI

ae6.ena. 5 CM., 06BHTa oxoao eaaa rosra. Oro. n03Hal'Hrt. 6apeJlHe4>1i H CTaT)'H na A:CKnenHSI, KOi%TO .lI.'bpmH rosra C'b 06BHTaO:KonO Ht!SI 3~HflJ MO·,

t1op. I1BaHoB'b,· KIOCTeH.QHJlCKHHT'b XHCapJI'bK'b H HerOBHTt cTapHHH 73

}KtlM'b 3aKJlJOlJH, lJe cpparMeHT'bT'b npOH3XO}KJI,a OT'b rOJItMa CTaTYSI aa ACKJIenHSI, f<OHTO e 6HJIa nOCTaSeHa S'b xpaaa.

Ka3aXMe, se csemeaara K~naJIHSI ce e HaMHpaJIa Htmo aa nsaneceTHHa MeTPa'nOJ('b xpaxa, rasrs HMeHHo, zrhro cera e rJIaBHHSlT'b 6aeeHH'b na karrrapaaara TOnJIa sOJI,a aa KIOCTeHJI,HJICKHrl6aHH. nptJI,H necers roJI,HHH aa rosa Mtero ce H3JJ:Hrame rypcxa KaMeHHa 6aHSJ, aapaxaaa llla6ao'bxaMaMli. TOKY JI,O ras 6aHR, npaasneao OT'b csaepo-sanazrs, 6tme rOJItMoTO rpanexo.nepaaante. (tiapaute), a aa aanazrs OT'b 6aHSlTa; na OKOJIO 20 MeTpa pascroaaae, ce aaaapanre apyro nepaaame, n03HaTO y TYPUHrl C'b HMeTO 4anaHKa. OTKaTO TOBa nepanaute nptJJ:H nerapanecers rOJJ:HHH 6t MHHaJIO B'b P~UtTt aa norrs MaHlJO, napasaure ce Ilorrs MaHlJOSO 6apHme. IlepaJIlfmeTO 4anaHKa HMame 06HJIeH'b sptJI'b H3BOP'b cs HaH'SHCOKa rexneparypa 0T'b BCHlJKH npyra KIOCTeHJI,HJICKH TOnJIH H3S0pH. TaM'b BO-JJ:aTa 6tme TOnJIa 750 C.

Ilpa xarrrapane sa H3S0PHrl B'b eJI,HH'b 06m'b 6aCeHH'b, Illatiarrs-xaaaaa H nepanantara JJ:O Hero 6txa paapynreaa, nOJJ:'b rypcxara 6aHSI ce aasrspaxa rpaneaca HS. no-crapa 'pHMcKa 63HSI, HO 6JlJIKaHeTO aa BptJIHSI H3' BOP'b He n03BOJISIBame JI,a ce npassr-s oc06eHH apxeoaorgqeCKH H3YlJBaHHSI. B'b H3XB'bpJIeHaTa THHSJ ce aasrspaxa

06p. 44.-<I>parMeHT'b on

P1fMCKH "MOReTH OT'b BptMeTO aa HMnepHSlTa, BCHlJKH no- cTaTYII aa ACKJlenHII.

IfPIiTH C'b J1.e6eJI'b nJIaCT'b narana H CTaHaJIH nO-JIeKH.

TllM'b ce aasrspaxa H HtKOJIKO JJ:eCeTKH pa3HOBHJJ:HH }KeJIt3HH HO}Ksera, H9 '<OHTO JJ:'bpBeHHrl HJIH KOCTeHH JJ:P'b}KKH 6'hxa ornaaaaaa, a croenre caMO CKeJIeTa aa JI,p'b}KKaTa H ocrpaero. Taa HO}KlJeTa BtPOSlTHO me JI,a C~ 6HBaJIH XB'bp.lJSlHH~ B'b sonara, CJItJJ:'b KaKTO C'b Ti>X'b e 6UBaJIa 3aKJIa· saaa iKepTBaia, 06HKHOBeHO rrsrezrs. T03H OPHlJaH e 6HJI'b naserrs JI,O CKOPO B'b KIOcTeHJJ:HJI'b, xoraro C~ npHHacSJJIH }KepTBa sa TOnJIaTa BOJJ:a.

nOBelJe nptJJ:MeTH C~ 6HJIH H3BaJJ:eHH OTb JJ:'bROTO Ha H3S0pa B'b ne· paJIHmeTO 4anaHKa. nOBelJeTO OT'b TtX'b npbxo HH HanOMHSlT'b KYJITa aa ACKJIenHSI. Ho KOH TOlJHO om rlX'b ('~ 6HJIH H3BaJI,eHHOT'b nozrs TYP' cxara: 68HSI, KOH ors nepaaautero, pa60THHLUfTt no xarrrazca TOBa He 3HaSlT'b· ETO n3H npi>JI,MeTH, KOHTO npOH3XO>KJlan OTb Bpi>MeTo, xoraro e3HlJeCKHSlT'b' XpaM'b na ACKJle'nHH:'e cxtnecrsyaam, H B'b C'bCtJI,HHTi> K~naJIHH 60JIHHn C~'XB1>pJISIJlH napoae, EJ1.HH OT'b THSI nptMeTH me C~ nonaJJ:HaJIH B'b C'bci>AHlin H3BOP" CJli>J('b cpyraanero na xpaxa S'b XPHCTHSJHCKO spi>Me, K'bM1> IV B.

"r 1. Bapeaaediaa 06potJHa nJIOlJKa, BapOBHHK'b, BHCOl<a 27 CM., map. 22cM;',- .ne6. 2 cr.t} rops saxpxraeaa (06p. 45). B'b JJ:eCHO e H306pa3eHi

74: V!op. 11 BaHOB"b. KIOCTeHlUiJlCKHSlT"b XHCaplI"bK"b H aeroaart, CTapH"H _

ACI<JIenH npaas, .lI.'bp}I{eIU'b B'b necaara CH CnYCHaTa pxxa SlAue, on KoeTO_ CMYlJe 3MHSI, OBHTa OK01l0 KpHBaK'b B'b JItBO CTOH 60rHHSI XHrHSI, KOSITO B'b necaara CH pxxa .lI.'bP}I{H 3MHSI H if nonasa na j(.lI.e OT'b narepa, KOSITO 60rHHSlTa .lI.'bP}l{H B'b JItBaTa CH pxxa. Me}l{llY ACKJIenHSI H XHrHSI CTOH ManKHSlT'b 60r'b·ra.naTeJIh Teaecpops, 3ar'bHan C'b KalJYJIKa na raaaa. Ha aaxpxraeaara ropaa paaxa JIHlJH H3.zr.'bJI6aH'b nannacs: [K)YPIOIC [ACKI\H)ruo KAI yrIE[IA) T. e. Koptot~ 'AaxA711ttro )tCXt Cryt!;t!X. Ha noaHSlTa paaxa ce sere sacrs on HMeTO na .zr.apHTeJISI: [A!lAIOC ANTIOX[OC) T. e. ArAto~ 'AV'ttoxo;.

2. Bapeaaerpaa 06- posna nJIOlJKa.. sapoaHHK'b, BHC. 23 CM , map. 17 CM., .zr.e6. 2 CM. JItBaTa CTpaHa OTlJyneHa (06p. 46). B'b aecao e H306pa3eH'b ACKJIenH npaas, .zr.'bp}l{eIU'b B1> .zr.eCHaTa CH cnycHaTa pX-Ka BtPOSlTHO 3MIUI, OBHTa OK01l0 KpHBaK'b B'b JItBO JIHlJH caxo rnaaara aa XHrHSI, 1<0SlTO BtpOSITHO e6H-

06p. 45. - 06pO'lHa nnosxa na ACKllenHSI H XHrHSI.

JIa H306pa3eHa, KaKTO B'b npbnanemas 6apeJIHe<p'b, Cb 3MHSI H naTepa. Ha rpaxr-saaara KaTO <pPOHTOH'b ropas paaxa CTOH aannacs: [Y)rEIA KAI ACKI\HnlW T. e. cry!;t!X )t!Xt 'AcrxA'r)mro.

3. Faasa na ACI<JIenHSI, orsyneaa OT'h MpSIMOpHa CTaTyAKa. I'aasara e BHCOKa 5 CM. H uiapoxa 4 CM. (06p. 47).

4.6apeJIHe<pHa 06pOlJHa nJIO'lKa. MpSIMOp'b, Cb orsyneaa rQPHSJ sacrs, BHC. 19 CM., map. 21 CM., lle6. 2 CM. (06p. 48). 8b necao e H306pa3eH'b ACKJJ~nH npas's C'b cnYCHaTH px-ut. a 8b JItBO XHrHSI C'b 3MHSI H narepa 8'b px-ut. Me}l{.ny .zr.BtTt 60}l{eCT8a CTOH opem. C'b pasnepeaa KpHJIa. Opo<p. Kauapom, KoATO np'b8" otiaaponaa TOSI naMeTHHKb,l) npannoaara - q,H··

1) 113BhCTI151 IV. 8'2.

-. -- ~-----~-- ---------

ilIop. I1BaHoBb, KIOCTeHJl.HJlCKHHTb Xacapm.io. H HerOBHTt CTapHHH

rypaTa _Bo .n;eCHO ,n:a rIp-B1I.CTaB5I 3eBCa H Bo T051 CJIYtIaH na HMaMe CM-BCsaae aa ACKJIerIH5I H 3eBca. nbKb 611 MOrJIO .n;a ce MHCJIll, KaMeHo.n;-BJIe~oT'b_ 1I.a e H3.n;bJI6aJIo rITH~aTa rIO-rIpllJIH'IHa na ope.rs, OTKOJIKOTO sa rI-BTeJI'b-, KQHTO e e.n;IlHo on aTpIl6YTHT-B aa ACKJlenIl5l.

5. rOJI-BMO KaMeHHO 51H~e, Cb pa3~-BpH 18 CM. aa 12 CM., Te>KKO 3 KHJIOrpaMa H 522 rpaxa. 5IH~eTo e e.n;HHo OTb HaH-C;KmeCTBeHHT-B aTpH6YTH aa ACKJIerIH5I. -Bb neren- 1I.HT-B aa CTapH Ii HOBH napona ce paaxasaa, tIe CB-BTbTbe rIPOH3Jl-B' 3bJIb OTb 51H~e, TbH KaKTO OTo Hero ce 113JIynBaTb >KHBOTHH H rITH~H. )f(H3HeHaTa CHJIa na 51H~eTO me .n;a e naaa rIOB01l.b 1I.a ce ynoTp-B651Ba TO np 11 6a5lHH5ITa, npa JI-BKYBaHeTO. Karo aTpH6YTo aa ACKJIerIH5I . SlH~eTO me 03HatIaBa >KH3- aeua CHJla, K05lTO 6orbTb' JI-BKapb aapsaa na 60JIHHT-B. CTapHT-B ofiaae C;K 0651CH5IBaJlH rIO Hap01l.H8 eTHMOJIOrH5I T051 aTpH6YTb aa ACKJIerIH51. MaiiK1lTa na ACKJIerIH5I ce aapaxana KOPOHHCb (Kop{J)v{~), a rIO-

75

06p. 46.

06pOlJHa nnosxa aa ACKJlellHR v. XHrHR.

aezce na rpt.uxa XOpW'IYj me pese rap r a, TO H aereaaara H3Kapana raprara KaTO MaHKa HCi ACKJIerIHSI, ponerrs OTb SI H ~eTO aa ras rITH~a. Bb naYTaJIHHCKHT-B rIaMeTHH~H aa ACKJIerIH5I 51H~eTO e H306pa3eHO Bb necaara p;KKa aa 60>KeCTBOTO, KaKTO Bb 6apeJIHeqlliT-B, ToH cxuio H Bo MOHeTHT-B.

6. 4acTb OTb .n;eCHHSI 1I.0JIeHb ;KrbJIo aa 06pOtIHa rIJIOtIKa OTb MpSlMOpb, BHC. 12 CM., map, 6 CM., .n;e6. 2 CM. Ha .n;OJlHSlTa paaxa e sanasena sacrs on HetIeTJlHB'b

nannacs,

7. 06pO'lHa 6apeJIHeq)Ha rIJIOtIKa, BHC. 46 cx., map,

06p. 47.._,MpRI,I0pHa rJl1IBHljKa H3 ACKJlellH5l. 37 CM., .n;e6. 3 CM, Cb 06P:l3HT-B aa 3eBca H Xepa. H .n;B-BT-B

.. . OO>KeCTBa C;K rIp-B.n;CTaBeHH Bb THrIH'lHHT-B sa T-BXb rI03H, Cb

CKHJTopb' H narepam, p;K~-BT-B. CpB. o6p. B'b 1I.06aBKaTa K'bMb CTaTH5ITa.

Ha rOpH5ITa pasnca aannacs : All KAI HPA nOAAPIANIOI: T. e. ~t' x.od "Hpx rr6(~AtO~) 'AOptivto~.

76 Ylop. I1BaHOB'b, KIOCTeHJlHIICKHSlT'b XHCapJI'bK'b H aeroarrrs cTapHHH

Ha ){OJIHSlTa paaxa naanacs : MY z T 1 K 0 z AN E eKE T. e. Mua'ttxo; IXV!&( 'YJ))te.

8. <l>parMeHT'b 0T'b MpSiMOpeH'b 6apeJIHe<p'b, BHC. 27 CM., WHp. 27 CM., ){e6. 3 CM., C'b H306pa>KeHHe aa XepKYJIeCa H sacrs 0T'b aannacs aa ropHSiTa saxpxr JIeHa paxxa (06p. 49): n H P I.

9. HtKOJIKO ){eCeTKH 6POH30SH MOHeTH 0T'b BptMeTo na HMnepHSlTa, BCHqKH CHJIHO OKHCJIeHH C'b ){e6eJIa naTHHa.

10. no KOJIKO n'bK'b KYJIT'bT'b aa ACKJIenHSJ, XHrHSI H Teaecrpopa e 6HJI'b WHPOKO asaacreas, HaH-){06pt JIHqH 0T'b e){HO nocsemenae aa ropHHTt naYTaJIHHCKH 60>KeCTSa, H3A'bJI 6aHO aa KaM'bK'b H OCTaBeHO S'b npOqYTHSI xpasrs aaACKJIenHSI B'b EnH){8S'hp'b • no CSell1.eHHeTO e 6HJIO aanpaseno aa ACKJIenHSI, XHrHSI H TeJIe«popa nay T a JI H H C K H 0T'b >Kpeua-CSell1.eHHK'b XepaKJIHaHa: 'AOXA'YJ1ttWt - 'TyteCcxtTeAEcr~6p(J)t - nCXU'tCXAtW'tcxt~'HpCXXAtcxvb~ 0 tepEU~. 1)

KyJIT'bT'b K'bM'b JItqe6- HHTt naYTaJIHHCKH BOAH, K3KTO H nOqHTaHeTO na 3MpSiTa C~ 6HJIH aanasena B'b KIOCTeH){HJI'b

){O HaH-HOBO BptMe. Crpa-

06p. 48. - 06po1{lia nJI01{Ka aa ACKllenHSI H XHrHlI.

X'bT'b OT'b CJIyqaHHO ornymaaae H8 TOnJIHTt H3BOPH H 3aJIHSaHeTO aa rpana e. ){aJI'b- ll'bPSHSI MO>Ke-6H nosom, aa nouaraae na SO){HTt. KIOCTeH){HJICKOTO np'snaaae cnoxeaaea aa asxoraumcro onacao ornyursaae, KoeTO ll1.tJIO aa- H311.aBH ~tJIHSI rpazrs, aKO zia He 6HJIa eztaa uapcxa ){'bll1.epSl, KOSITO aanp'saapaaa H 3anYUJHJIa 6JIHKamaTa aona C'b noxoursra na HtKOJIKOTOSapa naxytcs, HJIH C'b xonpaneaa K'bpna, cnopezrs npyro npsnaaae.

C'b.n.'bp>KaieJIHTt aa nepanaurara H CTapHTt 6aHH paaxasaar-s aa HeHantHHo npanoxaaorane aa H3S0PHTt. Bonara rorasa 6JIHKaJIa nO'H306HJIHO n B.O){aTa~e pasarpaaaaa-, Ka3SaT'b Tt, H He cnapaaa, 1I.0KaTO He If ce nane >KepTBa. 3a){a ce H36true nemacrae H 1I.a He 6H na ce Y nasa HtKOH qOStK'b S'b 6aceHHH'l't, XS'bPJISIJIH >KepTSH S'b SO){aT8. Bo nepSHW'b-6aHH HMaJIH

t) D urn ont; Melanges, 482.

Aop. HSaHOS'b, KIOCTeH)lHJICKHIIT'b XHCapJI'bK'b H neroaars <TapHHH

77

06HqaH na XB'bPJlSJT'b zceprsa ntTeJl'b (KOHTO, KaKTO ce saae, e 6HJJ'b e,llH~'b OTb aTpH6YTHTt na 60ra ACKJlenHH), D'b nepaaamero YanaHKa06HKHoBeHo XB'bPJlSlJlH >KCpTBa ,llp06'b 0T'b HrHC HJlH osua.

Han-xaoro ce C nOQHTaJla, n'bK'b H naecs oure, sonara H8 MaJlKaTa 6aHSJ, aapasaaa Ilaaap-s-xaxaaa HJlH Ilasapxo. TH ce aaxapa Me>K.l{Y raasHOTO xanraacao MtCTO H <l>eTHX'b' ,ll>KaMHH, no·6J1H30 no nocahaasra. CBCretrsr-s aa raaoumara aona 6HJI'b aapasam, 0T'b TypCKOTO HaCCJlCHHe nOBJlCT'b·6a6a. TOM ce SlBHBaJl'b B'b BH,ll'b aa 3MHP., KOHTO H3J1H3aJla OT'b soaara, n'bJl3tJla cnoKoHHo H30 6aHHTa H HC npasaaa 3J10 HHKOMY. Ha TaH 3MHH-CBCTCl.\'b naJlHT'h CBCW.H, KOHTO npaJltnBaT'h OKOJlO 6aceHHa HJlH OKOJlO QyqOPHTt. Flo-pane XB'bPJlSlJlH H >KepTBH. 5IBHO C, QC npe,llaHHCTO e MHoro CTapHHHO H BO,llH HaqaJlOTO CH oute 0T'b KYJlTa aa ACKJlCnHSI H 0T'b ,llpeBHOTO 060>KaBaHC aa JltKOBHTHTt BO,llH.

06p. 49. - <l>parMeHT'b OT'b 06pOQHa nJlOt;K:l. aa Xepxyaeca,

CBCTHJlHw.a ropt n a Xa c a p a s x a. - Yc aa Xacapa-sxa ropae HMaJlO CBCTH;IHW.C, TOBa aaaesrs 0T'b rop'snoxeaarara naYTaJlHHCKa MO aera , ,ll'i;TO C H306pa3CH'b XHCapJl'bK'bT'b C'b xpaMOBC, ,llBa ,llOJlY B'h nonaozcaero, e,llHH'b ropt na paBHHw.CTO H ,llBa OTCTpaHH IlO',llOJlY (CTp. 7(), o6p.42), TOBa ce aoxasa H 0T'b pasxonsarb. T'bKMO aa pasaamero na Xacap.rsxa OTKoM'b rpaza ce orxpaxa OCTaHKH OT'b pa3PywCH'be3HqCCKH xpaM'b, QaCTH ors crarya, aaanaca H np.

Xpasrsr-s, 6HJI'b TOM e,llHH'b HJlH HtKOJlKO, He e MOr'bJl'b na ce aanasa no MHoro npHQHHH. T'spacecrsysaurero npt3'b IV B. XPHCTHHHCTBO cpaaa ao 3eMSlTa e3HQCCKHTt CBeTHJlHw.a, craryars pa36H aa K.lKCOBe H- paSXB'bpllH naanacars. 3a aa He rOBOpHM'b aa THSJ paspyureaaa npyrazrs, ute: npanox-

-

.---~--~---""-- -----.

~·,·"'·'~ •• ,,···_'·~A'~ , -"-- ---.----~--~~----- .. ---' --_._,.,

HHM'b sa C'bCHnBaHeTO 0T'b XPHCTHHHHTt na 3eBCOBOTO CBeTHJIH~e npa KonaJIOB~H B'b nOJIeTO sa KIOCTeH.n.HJI'b. I'paaanaar-s xyoaaa CTaTYH na 3eBca H Xepa (rJI. J13BtCTHSI IV, 80--112), KaKTO H MHorOTO 6apeJIHeqHf, 06pOtlfIH nJIOliH H' KYJITOBH nptiMeTH ce aasrspaxa aanoxyneaa H 06e300pa3eHH no HeY3HaBaeMOCTb. Taxa e CTaHaJIO H C'b CBeTHJIH~eTO aa Xacapn'sxa ; ''1'0' e

"6liJIO C'b60peHO, Ii rOJItMHTt 6JIOKOBe rpamrre, OT'b KOHTO e 6HJIO asrpaaeao, C}h. 6HJIH ynorpbceaa aa OCHOBH H nonnopa aa nO-K'bCHaTa Kpt. nOCTHa ersaa, KOHTO OnaCBaJIa ~tJIOTO pasaame ropt aa XHCapJI'bKa; .n.PYrH KaM'bHH H >KepTBeHHuH C}h. 6HJIH H3nOJI3YBaHH KaTO rpaneacerrs xarepaam, 3a XPHCTHHHcKaTa trspxaa, H3.n.HrHaTa na MtCTOTO, .n.tTO e 6HJIO CBeTHJIHr.qeTo; rpers rpyna KaM'bHH H KOJIOHH 6HJIH CBJItlleHH .n.oJIY B'b rpana3ap1l3HH ~tJIH. Crapara nOCTpoHKa na xpaxa e 6HJIa raxa cscanaaa, 'Ie He e ceraHaJIO, KaKTO Ka3BaT'b CTapHTt, KaM'bK'b na KaM'bK'b. H3Ba.n.eHH C}h. 6HJIH H KaM'bHHTt 0T'b OCHOBHTt, T'bH 'Ie H CJIt.n.a 0T'b nOCJIt.n.HHTt He JIHqH. fl'bK'b He MO>KeM'b nonycaa, XpaM'bT'b .n.a e 6HJI'b 06'bpHaT'b B'b XPHCTHHHCKa ~'bpKBa, 3a~OTO nOCJIt.n.HHTa no CBOHTa opHeHTHpOBKa, no rraaaa CH, no rpaneacnas CH MaTepHaJI'b e C'bBCtM'b OT.n.tJIHa nOCTpoHKa. Cera caxo enao MO>Ke 'na ce KOHcTaTHpa: KaM'bHHTt 0T'b CBeTHJIH~eTO C}h. pa3XB'bpJIeHH HJIH ynorps- 6eHH B'b KptnOCTHaTa crbaa ce na e.ZI.HO 6JIH3KO pascrosaae, B'b XPHCTH' HHCKaTa trspxsa H nom, HeH. TOBa nOKa3Ba H MtCTOTO aa irsxorauraoro CBeTHJIH~e; TO OTrOBapH H aa MtCTOTO aa CBeTHJIH~eTO B'b naYTaJIHHCKaTa MOHeTa. A noaesce HH e.n.HH'b 0T'b KaM'bHHTt He ce nasrspa in situ, S'b CHHMKaTa 06p. 50 sacrs 0T'b TtX'b C}h. npaopaaa BKynOM'b, H3Ba.n.eHH rJlaBHO 0T'b paananaanara ce xphnocraa crsaa.

Me>K.n.y KaM'bHHTt 0T'b CBeTHJIH~eTO JIHqaT'b HaH-pa3Ho06pa3HH rpaaeaora "qaCTH: enaa KaM'bHH C}h. npoqlHJlYBaRH6noKoBe OT'b ~OK'bJI'b, npyra nptir.-

--

CTaBHT'b Kp}h.rJIH KOJIOHH, TpeTH C}h. no.n.CTaBKH na KOJIOHH HJIH KanHTeJlH,

lIeTB'bpTH - >KepTBeHH~H, neTH - axporepa H np. Harepecnoro e, lie passrspars na e.n.Hopo.n.HHTt KaM'bHH, aanp. KOJIOHH, no.n.CTaBKH H ap., He ce CXO>K.n.aT'b no Me>K.n.y CH, Ta TOBa nasa noaozrs .n.a ce MHcnH, lie Tt npOH3XO>K.n.aT'b OT'b nosese crpaaa HJIH n'bK'b C}h. 0T'b e.n.HH'b rOJItM'b XpaM-B, B'b -KORTO 6HJi:H ynorpt6eHH .aanp. naa HJIH TpH sana KOJIOHH. H3lJeSBaHeTOHa OClIOBHT't, pa3Ho06pa3HeTO aa pa3XB'bpJIHHHH rpanescem, MaTepHaJi'b, n'bK'b HJiimca-ra na lIaCTH 0T'b Hero He me n03BOJIHT'b aa HCTopHKa-apXHTeKTh .n.a BoSCTaHOBH BtPHO rrspsasaara crpana. TOBa MO>Ke .n.a CTaHe caxo c'b'npH6JIH3HTeJIHa TOliHOCTb. OT'b ztpyra n'bK'b crpana peKOHCTpYKI.tHHTa Ha'CBeTHnH~eTO 6H 6HJIO >KeJIaTeJIHO. 3ana3eHHHT'b MaTepHaJI'b 0T'b c'b6opefilur ',fpaM'b H nptJIeCTHOTO nOJIO>KeHHe aa. nOCJIt.n.HHH cpt.n.'brOpa HHa --BHCOlJHHaBna-

flop. I1BaHoBb, KIOCTeHmlllCKHlITb Xucapm.xr, !! HerOBHTi; cTapHHH 79

.lI.teIlla Ha.lI.b U,tJlOTO KlOcTeH)J,HJlCKO noae H Ha)J,b caMHH rpam, KIOCTeH)J,HJIb, 6H CnOMOrHaJlH )J,a ce Bb3CTaHOBH CBeTHJIHIlleTO H na ce nOJlY'lH np-sncrasa aa CTapO)J,aBHHSI My asraezrs. Bb npocatrreaar-s CTpaHH, Bb <t>paHIJ.HSI Ii repMaHHSI aanpaasp s, He caao Bb3CTaHOBSIBaTb H HaH-MaJlKHTt CJIt)J,H OTb nO)J,06HH CTapHHH, HO !I0pH aarpaacnar's TaKHBa CbBCtMb H3HOBO H na MtcTa, )J,tTO amcora He rH e HMaJlO. Cb PJKKOBO)J,CTBOTO no peKOHCTpYKu,HSITa na CBeTHJlHIlleTO aa Xncapcrsxa 6H Tpt6saJlo )J,a ce saeae nanp. u,eHTpaJlHOTO apxeonorasecxo npyxcecrao Bb DbJIrapHH, a aa KlOcTeH)J,HJICKaTa 06IllHHa e )J,JIbIKHOCTb na ce norpnxca aa caoar-s )J,peBHOCTH He TOJI-

06p. 50. - Pa3Ba.1HHII H3 r.BeTll.~lIIUeTO na XliCapJlbK8

KOBa OTb HaYtIHO rJIellHIlle, OTKOJIKOTO na npH6aBI1 ouie enna npbaecrt, na CBOSI xypoprem, rpazrs H TOnJIHn JItKOBHTH BOllH. KaTO ce Hall'tH, tie TaSI MH MHC'bJIb me 6JKlle nonera H OC}KmeCTBeHa ellHHb lleHb, H30CTaSSIMb aa cera nO.ll.p06HOTO onacauae H H3MtpeHHe na OTlltJIHHTB KOHCTPYKTHSilH eJIeMeHTH, KaMeHHH 6JIOKOBe, U,OKJIH, nOllCTaSKH, <ppH30Be, axporepa,") a me ce cnpa rJIaSHO aa nptllMeTHTt, KOHTO HH anrepecysar-s Cb CSOHTt aannaca.

I) TOKY nptJlll npbxparasaaero H3 paaxornorrs, ce orxpu eJl!!Hb MpllMopeHb opuaaeutapam, 6i10Kb OTb KopHH3a na xpaaa (06p. 51), OTb crpana opnaaearnpam, Cb n311MeTll, a OTb i111ueTO Cb raasa na MeJlY3a, OT'!aCTll orxynena, nponaxoneun, BtPOllTHO OTb eftHHb OTb xpaaoserb. Heorinbaasara sacrs, KOllTO e 6H.~a B3HJloHa, HMa JlblllKllHa 26 CM., a 06pa60Teaara xacrs e Jlb,~ra 35 CM, BllCOKa 27'5 CM. H uiapoxa 31'5 CM.

80 Vlop. I1saHOB'b, KlOcTeHLulIICKHlIT'b Xacapm.xt, H HerOBHTh cTapHHH

OT'b aanaaeaarb KaMeHHH nannaca aa XHCapJI'blllKOTO pasmnue JIHlJH, qe TaM'!, e HMaJIO xpaxoae H nOCBern.eHH5I ua pa3HH 60)!{eCTBa. Ilarane e,Q.a KOH 60)!{eCTBa e 6HJI'b nOCBeTeHb rJIaBHH5ITb xpasrs. Orb n.OCBern.eHHeTO 06aqe aa e,llHH'b )!{epTBeHHK'b H na ACKJIenH5I JIH'lH, qe CBeTHJIHrn.eTO ae tne e 6HJIO C'bBCtM'b caMOCTOI1HO, a uie ce e HaMHpaJIO B'b ap'ssxa C'b fJI3aHH5I ACKJIenHeB'b xpasrs, uro 6HJI'b npa nOJIHTt na XHCapJI'bKa, npa TOnJIHr-B H3- BOpH. TOBa ce CXOIK,lla H C'b onacauaero, KoeTO zraaa naY3aHH aa BTOP.OCTeneHHHTt xpaaose H crpana, KOHTO ce HaMHpaJIH B'b ropara, OKOJIO neaTPaJIHOTO CBeTHJIHrn.e aa ACKJIeUH5I B'b Enaaaasp-s. Tasn, HMaJI.O '[eaT'bp'b, xpasn, aa A<!>p0,llHTa, CTa,llHOH'b, xaaneaerrs, xpasn, aa EnH,llOrCKHTt (6JIafO.lI.tTeJIHH) 60rOBe, xpam, Ha ACKJIenH5I H AnOJIOHa H ,llp.

Taxa e 6HJIO H C'b ACKJIenHeBOTO CBeTHJIHrn.e, K'bM'b KoeTO cs: 6HJIH npH6aBeHH no xncap.rsuncara ropa BTOpOCTeneHHH xpaxoae. A noneace B'b . nannacar-s ce cpbutart, HMeHa aa 6oroseTt 3eBC'b H Xepa, OJIHMnHHCKHTt 6oroBe, Ca6a3H, ACKJ1enH, TO H l..\eHTpaJIHH5IT'b roperrs xpasrs me 06p. 51. - Mpauopetn, KOPHH3b OT'b paa- Tpt6Ba,lla CB'bp)!{eM'b C'b e.lI.HO OT'b TH5I

salIHHHTt aa cseraamnero.

HMeHa. npOTHB'b npbnnonozceaaero

XpaM'bT'b na e 6HJIb nOCBeTeH'b na 3eBca H Xepa, rOBOpH H306pa)!{eHHeTO aa MOHeTaTa, ,lltTO B'b fOPHH5I xpasrs e nOCTaBeHa caxo . enaa CTa· TYH. Ho TOBa H306pa)!{eHHe MO)!{e zra e llla6JIOHHo. Or-s npyra n'bK'b crpana B'b nOJI3a na 3eBca H Xepa fOBOPH cszrspacauaero aa nannaca C'b TH5I HMeHa, KaKTO H nOCBern.eHHeTO B'b ztaa npyra aazmaca aa Clf..rn.HT-B 60fOBe. E.lI.HH'b .OT'b )!{epTBeHHI..\HTt e nOCBeTeH'b aa 4'HCTO TpaKHHCKH5I 60r'b Ca6a- 3HSI, qHHTO CBeTHJIHrn.a ce H3.lI.HraJIH 06HKHOBeHO na X'bJIM'b, .lI.tTO CJI'bHnero np'bB'b nlf..Tb orp aaa,") KaK'bBTO e CJIYlla5lT'b C'b XHCapJI'bKa. OCBtH'b TOBa Ca6a3H, KaTO B'bpXOBeH'b TpaKHHCKH 60f'b, e 3aMtcTBaJI'b 3eBca. OT'b npyra crpaua no CB051 rvraaerrs aTpH6YT'b - 3MH5ITa, TOH e HMaJI'b Htmo coino H C'b MtcrHOTO naYTaJIHHCKO 60IKeCTBO ACKJIenH. }f{epTBeHHK'bT'b f1'bK'b C'b HMeTO na ACKJIenH5I enaa JIH e 6HJI'b B'b CSp'b3Ka C'b rJIaBHH5I roperrs xpasrs, 3arn.OTO ACKJIenHeBH5IT'b xpams ce e HaMHpaJI'b npa nO.lI.HO)!{HeTO ua XHCapJI'bKa. TB'bp.lI.t e B'b3MO)!{HO rJIaBHH5IT'b roperrs XpaM'b .lI.a e 6HJI'b noCBeTeH'b aa 60)!{eCTBO, aa xoero cera He e aanaserrs nannacs.

1) r. 11. Ka n ap o a s, flPHHOC'b K'hM'b HCTopHfIT3 H3 COqlHH, 50.

Hop. I1BaHoBb, KIOCTeHJ(HJlCKHlITb Xncap.rsio, H nerounr i, CTapHHfI

81

ETO npoqee 3ana3eHHT~ Ha~nHCH:

1) }KepTBeHHK'h-nOCBemeHHe na 3eBca H Xepa. Fpauuraa naosa, np'ssyneaa na ~B~ no cp haara, ~'bJlra 1.40 M., urapoxa 60 CM. H ~e6. 21 CM. JIHLleTo aa naosara e H3rJla~eHO H C'h TpHN-r'hJleH'h <pPOHTOH'h orrop s, a nozrs Hero e H3~'hJl6aHa pasnca, B'h KOHTO e BMtcTeH'h Ha~llHC'hT'h. Or s nannaca Y3HaBaMe, 'Ie nOCBemeHHeTO e Hanpaseao on crpaaa na rpaaa, no CJlyqaM na neXJlHBaHCKH arpn H nazt- 6trBaHe cs KOHe. Me}f{~y JlHLlaTa napaTeJlH JlHqaT'h HMeHa MtCTHH TpaKHMCKH H npyra aese rp'suasapaaa. 06p. 52.

:~ yxtJ.'1j: T/)'I.'ll:'

. . • S7t~f1e/I.Yirc6~:X'/TE; ..l:: xx: "Hpx

zX 'tW'l 't~; ~6).s(J);

5. xx: ZmtEA~crX'l'tE; &y(;)'IX; Y'l1-l'l:xvv; xx: : r;r;:i'..OU; ~I0uxouvoo;. ~Wt[px; :\I~YEcrtJ.iv;~ 'A yo: ~·ix;. ~Hpxv;, Xp'llcr't6\;, .\')7:-

10. l_lXXv;, 'APlcr'tX['IEtv;.

KE)l.crO~, 'Apc[6~)l,o;.

K6xxpv;, Jirz)xi'tpx).:;, MEpxvUp:;; zd crU'lXpX[x;

15. Ti( cr)crou Tipcrv;, KZ/I.O'ou xed ~~o-

"(EVC'J; ' ... ~\~O/,,),v'I[OU xx: 'A 1tvA),wxp[vu Au),vu-

20. 'tpiAEO;.

06p 52.

06pOlJeHb HaJ(nHCb OTb Xacapm.xa.

2. }KepTBeHHK'h aa ACKJlCllHH. 4eTHpHCTpaHCH'h rpaaart, C'h roperrs H ~OJIeH'h npomapeaa KOpHH3H. U~JIaTa BHCOqHHa aa naMeTHHKa e 1'50 M.; BHCOqHHa aa Cp~~HHTa qaCTb 65 CM., WHpOqHHa aa CTpaHHT~ 40 CM., KpaMnara WHpOqHHa na CTpaHHT~ Ha KOPHH3Hrl 60 CM. Ha e~HO OT'h Cpt~HliTt auua HMa cJIa60 aanaaeirs xerapapenom, nannucs, OT'h KOMTO ce lJCTaT'b ~06p~ caMO n'hpBHT~ ~Ba pe~a:

'AyxtJ.ij: 'tUX'll" 'AcrxA'ljmij) OWpO'l

11381;CT"" ua Apx. Ilpy>K VII.

ti

R2 Hop. 1,1Ba1lOln, KIOCTeIlIHIJ1CKII5!T'h Xncap.n.x s n IH:rOBIlT1; CTapIIHll

3. )f{epTBeHHKb na Ca6a3H5I (o6p. 53). 4eTHpl:lCT1>HeHb rpamrrs Cb ropem, l:I }1,OJIeHb npoumpenn KOpHH3H. U1>JIaTa Bl:IC0'Il:1Ha aa naxeraaxa e 80 CM,; umpaaa na KOPHH3I1T1> 50 CM.; umpaaa ua crpaHln1> Bb Cp1>}1,aTa }1,B1> rro .ll.B1>, 39 CM, l:I 35 CM. Ha eztna OTb nO-lllHpOKI1T1> CTpaHl:I HR KOpHI13a, K05lTO e l:I opHaMeHTYBaHa, CTOI1 HCCHb nannacs, KOHTO ce 'IeTe:

:1\. yex&'1J ,6z.YJ

ut1 ~a6ex~[()) XP'YJcrtO~ Z())t/,0U.

4. KpN.rJIa rpanarna KOJIOHa, zn.nra 2'75 M., urapoxana na rOpHI1H .ll.l:IaMeTbpb 42 CM" aa .ll.OJ.JHHH 53 CM. Ha KOJIOHara e sanaaerrs nOJIYl:I3TPl1Tb OTb Bp1>MeTO aan-

06p. 53, - )f{epTBeHIiKb na nl:lCb, OTb KoiiTo

Ca6a3111l OTb XIlCapJ1bKa.

Y3HaBaMe, 'Ie T5I

e 6HJla nozapeaa sa xpaxa OTb csemeHHUH, Me)J{.II.Y HMeHaTa na KOl:lTO ce CP1>mar-s H TpaKl:IHCKH, KaKTO uanp, 'ETt,~· XE'I&Y6, a e 6HJIa nocserena aa ,,60>KeCTBCHHH 'IepTOfb" (r. e. aa I1MneparOpCKH5I .11.0Mb) H aa OJlHMrrl:lHCKl:IT1> 60roBe. 00.11.0' 6eHb nannacs I1MaMe OTb C . .uOJll:lCTOBO, CpB. Mc6. XI, 1 OO~-l 01. ETo cpaKCl:IMl:IJle (06p. 54) H serene na aannaca,

1. ()!x{J) (-lc[{J) xext

to[~ 'O),uf-lit{- 0t~ &EOr~ o[ le-

5. pe[~

Xpucr[ititO~ 'EittexE'I tl'0\), ~ex6['10~ 'Epf-lOYE'IOU, 'Aitv)),6o{J)p0~ YJP0U

10.

autuxv; 'Ait0AAl'I[XpW;] K6p0V

13,

<I>Ax(6w~) 'EPf-lvYE'IYj;

20. apXtcra~

. uX{J)~

bt1 cruvexPX1'Y.~ 'I0uA10u 'Iou),~X'IOU.

Ol.K W

eEl hKA I

T 0 I [ o r. vr-n J OlfieEOICOllE

PEIC eo.-

X PY r i rrrt or E'mEKEN tAR I rJO[ EPMOrENOY

,ATT O/\;\Ob~"PO[ ,-POY

A ,- M A r'1 )'.)1"/

IT :.,;:,yr EN lOY

E Y TYJ/i!O[

An 0 /\/\1 NitA/It/I< Y POY

H' W ,i\U [ [J< Y /:i;,,'1 [ [1'7;;7 E r,1 D. H1-"'1 (I [

l P A K r; , c. f-C

·1\1·6 [HT l<i,T"A'

/ 1lj:I;IC n 0 Y /'<h",):; 0 [

~A!\"EP MOrE N-[

IMrr A P X I [ A [ Y/;E Y x ",1 r:nlCYNAPX1AC IOyj\IOYIY/\I AN OY

06p. 54,

OGpO'lCH'b aannacs OIb Xucap.n.xa.

Jl!op. l1B3HOBb, KIOCTeH)lHIlCKHlITb XHCapllbKb H HerOBHTi; CTapHHH 83

5 I'paaaraa Kp~rJla KOJlOHa, .lJ.bJlra 2'28 M., ropem, .lJ.HaMeTbpb 34 CM.; JI,OJleH'b .lJ.HaMeT'bp'b 36 CM. npt.qyneHa e sa JI,Bt.. no HeR JlHqu CJIa60 aanaaerrs HaJI,nHCb, OTb KOHTO TYK'b JI,aSaMe <t>aKCHMHJle (06p. 55) H sereae:

1. 'Aya&[ij wX"Il. 'l'UAij~ <HpaXAEtQO~

A r A Jrllk'll#tIi'I/I A N

cpYI\,.,r

,-, P A I( A 1"'~O1: [ll:I y K OY EYArPJOMO)-

1< , /Yo. N o v

, E P E y~

Z E IN 0 "'fA!;:,,1 k r,;,

E" M 0 rr 1\1HC1: ",,,/d//NOY l:!. lOt::, 0 POY

roA"W; tr; aX'

r /\ A Y 1< 0 I:('iill/MO NOr

A 11\ A tt o s»; 0 Ni'V/,/I.M)( i:

MAPI< OY..IEPEY! 410NY! I1YBAProy JOYI\JA NO!ArorE"IIANDY

H 1\ I 0.6 n P 0 [,;1ft'. 11.-'\ -

5. Eoayptou Mouxcavou

LEPEU~

ZECVOI1.

<EPI10yEV"I~ . . • YOU

10.

rh.uxb~ ... ovo~ ... 'A1tonov .. Mlipxoc;; LEPEU~

"IS. ilwvuO"c .•. B~pyou 'IouAcavb~ ilWYEVdvou 'HAL6Q())po~ . . .

06p. 55. - 06pOQeHb HallnHCb OTb Xacapm-sa.

6. <l>parMeHTb OTb rpaaarem, iKepTBeHHKb, 87 X 63 X 26 CM. CbJI,'bpiKa no HaH'T'bHKara CTpaH8 xacrs OTb MHoro H3TpHTb aannacs. ETO Q>aKcHMHJle (06p. 56) H serene na Ht.KOJlKO OT'b JI,YMHTt.:

r-/;';';EA~ Y [ I Net li¥N 0/\ r M IT It~ . i4i;;1:?~':n 0 ICY N f). rI<O ffft'Mf; N 0 I li( E y tf W PJ¢ EAEyeEPO[ I<AI MOY", AN o [TOIIWT

! ' /YIJX I< AltA J;HXI() Wfl/E I N:,A I 01WM1.Jr1#1l ~a1~~UW~A~~~~~~~

. •. O"UVQc)tov ..

'EAEU&EpO~ )tat Mouxcav6~. . .

06p.56.

<l>parMeHTb OTb lKepTBcHHKb OTb Xacapn-sxa.

7. MaJlbK'b rpaaareirs iKepTBeHHKb, SHCOK'b 68 CM" Cpt.JI,HHTa sacrs 6e3'b KOPHH3HTt. BHCOKa 20 CM., nrapoxa 28 CM. Ha eJI,HOTO fdY aaue ce sere cJla60 aanaseirs aaanacs. ETo <t>aKcHMHJle (06p. 57) H serene aa sacrs OTb Hero:

81 Vtop. Haauom., KIOCTCH)lHJlCKH!lT"b XIICapJI"bK"b II HcrOBHTt cTapHHH

------------_ .--------"- -._--_------ -~-".

<-11/111111/1(/11/1 II (/// (/1// /1// (iii/I (11i/f( I ,>II/II//(r II IIII(III/((IIIIII;((III'!/I/ 111/1111/1

T .M/!!II/II A Y P A >tii:"( I/\/WI!

I~PA~H(XPHCTO

Kf\.hA '( <PI N r e N A~ (I; Y N f?: J 0 ( A Y T (I Y 1t'iX( i;cAM(TH PIO NANE

e H ).:A N

EYTYXw(

cruv6w~ xtrcou· eu-

X ap~crTIjp~ov &rpw;v

, ,

X'l<.-

06p. 57. Oripoxem, HamIHC"b

OTb Xacap.rsxa.

8. CpiHlH5I qaCTb OT'b qCTHpHCTpaHCHb rpaHI1TCHb }l{CpTBeHHK'b. CrpalHiTt I1MaT'b urapana ,llBt no ,llBt, 42 CM. na 45 CM. Ha ,llBt OT'b TtXb C aanaseaa sacrs OTb nannacs. ETO cpaKCHMHJlC (o6p. 58) OT'b Hero H xerese :

a.

b.

',\),X:OrXILX; 1tUO; .

!dy[<.l~po~ llupou),et.; ...

S1tq.lro)''YJt<.uo'l- 1tYIAO;. .

'to; Aup[rl)'{ou] Bx'J'JOU <.u'tuxw;. <.u'tuxw~ Xp1jcrtOD •.

9. <f>parMCHT'b OTb Mp5lMOpHa naoxa. 18 CM. X 14 CM. X 2 CM., C'b xacrs OT'b aanrracs (o6p. 59), OT'b KOHTO ce xere:

V!Op. HBaHOBb, KIOCTeH.ll.HIICKHHTb XHCapIIbKb H HerOBHT-B cTapHHH 85

06p. 59. - <l>parMeHT"L OTb oeposna TIIIOtlKa OTb Xacapn sxa.

nATEIPIL EY

10. <l>parMeHTb OTh peJIHe<pb OT1, BapoBHHKb, 21 CM. X 12'5 CM. X 5 CM., np'sncraaaun, 06pOlJHa nncxxa Cb 06-

<l>ur. 60. - <l>parMeHTb OTb oopouaa TIIIOIJKa OTb Xacapmxa.

pasarh aa 3eBca H na Xepa (06p. 60) H orrops cnatio sanaserrs nannacs, KOHTO ce sere : KYPIW toll KiAI H]PA T. e. Kuptw .1tl XIX! "HplX.

11. <l>parMeHTb OTh Mp5lMOpHa naouxa, 12 CM. X 10 CM .X 2'8 CM., Cb lJaCTb OTb nannaes (06p. 61).

OCBi>H'b aannacars, KbMb enoxara nn II -III B. npunanar's H CJli>)I.HHTi> <pparMeHTH H npi>)l.MeTH:

12. <l>parMeHTb OTb CHHKaBb TBbP)l.b BapOBHHKb, np'hncraaaurs nonH5ITa sacn, na pxxa )l.bp>Kema >Ke- 3bJl'b, Bi>P05lTHO plKKa na 3eBca. nbJl>KHHa na rpparxeara 14 CM., )l.e6. Bb cphaara npa KHTKaTa 6 CM. (06p. 62).

13. <l>parMeHTh OTh C3,mHSI xaMbKb, npsncraasun, )l.OJlHH lJaCTb aa pxxa, npaxpaneaa )1.0 ,n:pb>KKa, Bi>pO- 51THO OTh >Ke3bJlb. nbJl>KHHa aa rpparMeHTa 19 CM., )l.e6eJlHHa npa KHTKaTa 8 CM. Bi>POHTHO npOH3XO>K.llaOTh

06p. 61. - Ha.ll.TIHCb OTb Xacapm.xa.

CTaTYB, npyrapxa Ha rrspsara, aanp. OTh 3eBCb H Xepa.

14. Mp5lMOpeHb rpparxear-s OTh nnosxa, 12 CM. X 4 CM., Cb penaerpno H306pa>KeHHe aa 3MH5I.

Cpi>)l.HH CBeTHJlHma. - Taxa HapHlJaM'b CBeTHJlHmaTa, KOHTO ce HaMHpaJiH no cp snara na XHCapJlbUlKH5I HaKJlOHb H KOHTO Bb rop'snpaae-

86 l1op. I1BaHoBb, KIOCTeHJlHJlCKHHTb Xacap.rsx» H aeroerrrs cTapHHH

JI.eHaTa nayranaacxa MOHeTa C~ np-BJI.CTaBeHH C'b JI.B-B nO-MaJIKH xpaasera. IIp-BKH OCTaHKH OT'b T-BX'b He MO>KaXa JI.a ce OTKPHHT'b. bHJI.eHKH H3)1.HrHaTH aa caxara CTp'bMHHHa, CJI-BJI.'b paspyureaaero HM'b, T-BXHHHT'b rpanezcem, xarepaam, e 6HJI'b .T(eCHO pasxm.paem, H T'bpKyneH'b K'bM'b rpana aa )l.OJIy.

M-BCTOTO 06a'le aa eJI.HOTO OT'b THH CBeTHJIH~a me JI.a ce e HaMHpaJIO MO>Ke 6H TaM'b, no Cp-BJI.aTa aa CTp'bMHHHaTa, JI.-BTO H )1.0 naeuierrs JI.eHb np-BJI.aHHeTO snae aa tBeTO MtCTO, HapH'IaHO CB. 4eTHpHDeceTb OT'b 6'bJIraparb HJIH B'b np-BBOJI.'b OT'b TYPl.lHT-B - KP'bKJI'bK'b. ,UOPH MO>Ke na ce xasce, 'Ie TYPCKOTO HaHMeHOBaHHe e no-ynoTp-B6HTeJIHO H Cp-BJI.'b 6'bJIrap' CKOTO aaceaeaae. Cera npa Kp'bKn'bKa HMa 6apaKa-Ka<!>eHe, 'lemMa H neaxa aa csnane, CaMOTO CBeTO M-BCTO e 0603HaqeHO C'b H3JI.-BJIaH'b KaMeHeH'b (0T'b n-BC'b'lHHK'b) npar-s, B'b KOHTO C~H3JI.'bn6aHH 40 JI.ynKH, aa nOCTaBHHe CB-Blll.H no T-BX'b. np-BJI.H oCB060>K)l.eHHeTO aa b'bJIrapas, aexeps aa TOBa M-BCTO Ha60>KHH TYPKHHH nantxa JIOeHH. CB-Blll.H. Ha 6'bJIrapKHT-B He e 6HJIO

06p. 62. - <pparMeHTb on crarynxa,

nQ3BOJISlBaHO JI.a asrrspursar-s TOSI oopem., 'uOnYlll.aHO e 6HnO 06aqe IIpH 39-T-B TypCKH CBtlll.H na ce sanann H enna 6'bJIrapCKa, sa CnOMeH'b aa saraHaJIHH e.lI.HH'b 6bnrapHH'b CHMHT'IHSJ, KOHTO CJIY'laHHO 6HJI'b nonanaam, Me>K.lI.Y H36HTI1T'R TaM'b 3a B-BpaTa 39 MYCYJIMaHH M~'IeHHl.lIf. naJIeHeTO aa CB-Blll.HT-B OT'b TYPKHHHT-B npO.lI.'bJI>KH H CJI-B.lI.'b OCB060>K)l.eHHeTO H-BKOJIKO rO)l.HHH H nOCTenCHHO sananaure, 3ae.lI.HO C'b H3CeJIBaHeTO aa TypCKOTO aaCeJIeHHe OTb rpana. BC-BKa seseps OT'b rpana 'IOB-BK'b MO>Keme JI.a Ha6JI10- )l.aBa,KaKb Ce,.,1f3B'bpmBa nOKJIOHeHHeTO aa CBeTOTO M-BCTO. CJI-BJI.'b 3aJI-B3'b

"

cm-nue ce BH>KJI.ame, KaK'b H3'b CTp'bMHaTa nxrexa OT'b rpaaa K'bM'b Kp'sx-

JI'bKa rrsnnar's '1epHH <!>epe)l.>KeTa, cnapar-s ce npa CBeTHJIHlll.eTO, HaKJI-BKBaT'b OKOJIO KaMeHHHSI npar-s, aa JI.a ce nOMOJISlTb If JI.a sanaasr-s CB-Blll.H. KaTO aacrxnaame MpaK1J, cuenara craaaure no TaHHCTBeHa: OT'b CBeTOTO M-BCTO 6JI-Blll.YKaxa CB-BTJIHHKH, KOHTO enna no npyra saracsaxa, )l.OKaTO He OCTaH"BXa e)l.Ha-JI.B-B na Mb>KJI.-BHT'b H JI.a 3araCHHT'b B'b K'bCHa nooa, xoraro sexe BCH'IKO B'b rpana 6-Bme B'b CbHb H nOqHBKa. np-BJI.H rOJI.HHH, xoraro XHCapJI'bK'bT'b He 6-Bme ouie 3aJI-BCeH'b H3KycTBeHo, aa 3 MapT'b (cr. CT.), JI.eHH aa Ca. 4eTHpHJI.eCeTb M~qeHHl.lH, TYK'b CTaBame C'b60p'b, HO CKOPO ce npsxpara, aa zra ce He rassrrs MJIa)l.HTt 60POBH 11 ztp. )l.p'bB'IeTa. 06PO'lH-

fiop. I1BaHoB'b, KJOCTeB,llHnCKHIIT'b XHCapn'bK'b H HerOBHTt cTapHHH 87

utero 06alJe H no neas nneureas ce nOlJHTa H OTb Bpi>Me aa Bpi>Me Mi>CTHHT'B >KHTeJIKH naasrs CBi>W.M.

Ilo ci>Bepo-H3TOlJHOTO HaHa.n.OJIHw.e Ha. XHCapJIbKa. TbKMO Ha.n.b Bx,.Tpi>WHHSI .n.bJI60Kb 3aBOH aa HOBOTO uroce, ce OTKpHxa lJaCTH OTb rpanescs, qHSlTO ooiua tpopaa He MO>Ke .n.a ce Bb3CTaHOBH, 3aw.OTO cx,. MHoro paa-

XBbPJICHH. TBbp.n.i> e Bb3MO>KHO TaMb na e 6HJIO npyroro CBeTHJIHw.e. Ha TOBa Mi>CTO ce HaMtpH nOJIYH3pOBeHb rpoo» cs pa3XBbpJIeHH qaCTH OTb lJOBi>WKH CKeJIeTb H naa-rpa npi>.n.MeTa OTb norpeoeaaero. npi>.n.MeTHTi> ce OTHaCSlTb KbMb KbCHO-pHMCKaTa enoxa, Ill-IV B. Ti> cs; CJIi>.n.HHTi>:

1. fJIHHe!lb lJeTBbpTHlb Cx,..n.b, lJHfTO .n.bHO HMa crpaaa no 17 CM., a CTpaHHT'B aa YCTaTa no 18'5 CM., .n.bJI6olJHHa 4 CM. (06p. 63a).foPHHT'B KpaHHH BbpxoBe cx,. nOHa.n.e6eJIeHH. nbHOTO OTBx,.Tpi> e aaurapeao C'b pi>3KH TbH:

CJIi>.n.b 5 peaa OTBi>CHH pi>3lJHUH, ane 1 pezn, Ha.n.JIb>KHH pi>3KH KaTO npb-

a 0

06p. 63. - rnHHeH'b CA\,ll'b H lKent3Ho crsprano O'f'b Xucapm.xa,

rpana, cenrs 4 pena C'b 1 pem, Ha.n.JIblKeHb, 3 Cb I, 2 Cb I, KaKTO JIHlJH H aa npHJIO>KeHHSI TyKb oripas's. nOCBoSlTa ¢opMa, no pi>3KHT'B CM, KaKTO H no Ha.n.e6eJIeHHT'B CH SbpxoBe Cx,..n.bTb npHJIHlJa na npyr-s, HaMi>peHb Bb norpetianaa MOrHJIa npa Ka.n.HHb MOCTb npa KIOCTeH.n.HJIb (H38. I 178-179, 06p. 25). npi>ir.MeTbTb MO>Ke 6H na HMa KYJITOBO 3HalJeHHe.

2. )KeJIi>3Ho CTbpraJIO (strig His), ynorp'seasaao Bb 6aHHT'B CJIi>.n.b Kx,.naHe aa H3TpbKBaHe HJIH OTb aTJIeTHT'B. TB1>p.n.i> e Bb3MO>KHO H TOBa crsprano zra e npaaaaaeacaao ua Hi>KOH OTb n06i>.n.HTeJIHT'B npa HrpHT'B Bb crapa Ilayranas, aa KOHTO CTaBa .n.YMa Bb e.n.HHb OTb ropaar-s Ha.n.nHCH .NQ I, CTp. 81. CTbpraJIOTO e zrsnro 31 CM., II1HPOKO 5 cx., .n.e6eJIo 3 CM. OPH .n.pb>KKaTa, OTb KOSITO e sanaaeaa caxo >KeJIi>3HaTa sacrs KaTO nsa e3HKa. 06p. 636•

3. CTbKJIeHHua OTb 6HCTPO TbHKO CTbKJIO Cb H3.n.YTb xopesrs H aa .n.Bi> Mi>CTa nparacaara urapoxa II1HSI. Bacoxa e 10 eM., 1IIHpoKa 8'6 ca. 06p 64a•

4. CTbKJIeHHua C~W.O OTb TbHKO CTbKJIO Bb ¢opMa na rOJIi>Ma JIaK· pHMaTopHSI. BbPX'bTb na YCTaTa oruynerrs. 06p. 646.

88 flop. I1B8H081>, KlOcreHJ1HnCKHHTb XHcapn1>K1> H HeroBwrt crapaaa

5. ManKo rspne OT'b cpHHa sepaeaa pHMCKa raaaa, BHCOKO 9 CM., WH· POKO 8 CM. OTB'bH'b ersHHrl HMan T'bMHOlK'bJlT'b T'bH'bK'b naacrs. 06p. 648• 6. EJiHncoBHAeH'b xepaMHlleH'b nesars, C'b AHaMeTpH 3 CM. aa 2'5 CM. nelJaT'bT'b HMa lie-

a 6 8

06p. 64. - CT1>K.lleHHUH H rnHHeH"b C.ill.jl" OTb XHcapn1>K8.

I

n~KHanH nHHHH, KOHTO AaBaT'b 4>HrypaTa :j:F.

II. Kpbnocrsra.

PHMCKaTa naYTanHSI e 6Hna 06rpaAeHa C'b xphnocrs. TOBa 3HaeM'b 0T'b CJltAHHrl BtCTH. Ha H'hKOH naYTaJlHifcKH MOHeTH e H306pa3eHa )KeHa HnH KOHKOPAHSI C'b xpsnocraa xopoaa na raaaara. B'b eAHH'b aHTHllem. HaAnHC'b aa rpaaarna naosa, cera 3a3UAaHa B'b csaepaara B'bHWHa mHa aa JI.epBHW'b-6aHSI B'b KIOCTeHAHn'b, ee roaopa H3pHIIHO sa xpbnocrsra (lfatu). Flaosara C'b aaanaca me na e 6HJla nOCTaBeHa aa KptnoCTHaTa rnasaa nopra, OTAtTO ce e BH)KAaJlO BCHIIKO, KoeTO MH3ano B'b rpana. 3aTOB3 H B'b aaznaca ce roaopa: "BCHIIKH, KOHTO B'bpBSlT'b OT'b KptnoCTbTa HnH K'bM'b KptnoCTbTa". KaTO rH 3a6tnt)KBaM'b, nptrJle)KllaM'b ra ••• • (IIdvt~c; l5aot autxouaw an' Ifat£~ ~ae 'ltpbc; IfITtU A£uaa(J)v £~aop6(J) ... ). Fa, cpaKCHMHJle OT'b TOSI naanaes, 06p. 65. Ilaaeorpadicsa HallnHC'bTb MO)Ke Aaee oraece K'bM'b I-II 8., xoraro CJltAoBaTenHO e cxurecrsyeaaa H nayranaaCKaTa xpanocrs. Kpanocrsra e CTOSlJla H nO-K'bCHO. np-B31. 479 r. naYTanHSI e 6HJla np-B}.taaraaa 0T'b HMnepaTOp'b 3e-

THpH· Kp'bCTOCaHH H3'

IT ANTACOCOICT€I XOYCIN A TTACT€OC HL.€ITPOCACTY J\€YCCWN€ICOPOW

HOHa sa croaaua aa rOTCKHSI nptABoAHTeJlb Teonopaxa. 1) ECTeCTBeHO, aa aM6HUH03HHSI If crpaureas aa BH3aUTlfSi aapaapam, He e Morno na ce np-BAnara sa pe3HAeUUHSI H aa CTaH'b aa BoifeKHrl My u-BKoif OTKpHT'b rpazrs. Ba)KHO e CBlfA-BTeJlCTBOTO aa npOKonHSI, KoifTO, KaKTO me BH}.tHM'b no- }.tony, H3pHIIHO roBOPH aa crapara naYTaJlHifcKa xphnocrs, np-BAH VI B.

06p. 65. - H8J1nHC1> OT"h KlQcreHJ1HJJ1>.

1) M a I c h u s. Excerpta. Ed. Bonnae, p. 247.

~

Rop. HBaHOB'b, KIOCTCH)lHJlCKHlIT'b XHCapJI'bK'b H HcrOBHn crapHHH 89

IUe pese, nptS"b pHMCKaTa enoxa H aasaaoro aa BHSaHTHHCKaTa, nayTaJlHSI e 6HJla SaUl,HTeHa 0T'b KptnoCTHH mHH. .naJiH 06alle THSI BtCTH ce OTHaCSlT'b ao llOJlHSlTa rpaacica xpanocn, HJlH n"bKD nonpastiapar-s H nayTaJlHHCKHSI axponom, aa Xacapasaa, TOBa. nOJlO>KHTeJlHO He SHaeM"b. liMaMe 06alle npaso lla nphanoaaraae, lie CTpaTerHIIHOTO nOJlO>KeHHe na XacapJ1"bKa e 6HJlO HsnOJISYBaHO ome B"b PHMCKO BptMe H lie rpaacxara KptnOCTb e HMaJia na Xacapzrsxa CBoeTO nocasnao SaUl,HTeHO MtCTO, CBOSI axponOJl"b. Pa3KonKHn na Xacapn'sxa, KaKTO me BHllHM"b, nOKaSBaT'b, lie TaM"b e HMaJlO H PHMCKO YKptnJleHHe, KoeTO, 6HlleAKH sanaaaaao on BptMeTO, OTHOBO 6HJlO B'b3llHrHaTO npa IOCTHHHaHa I.

3a csrpascaaaero, <popMaTa H sllpaBHH8TaH8 Hi;KoraWHaTa KptnOCTb ua XHCapJI"bKa cera SHaeM"b rJlaBHO on pasxparaara, KOHTO ce nanpasaxa npa paaxonxar-s. THSI pasKpHTHSI )J.oKasBai'h. lie HSBtCTHeTo aa Flpoxonas sa csrpascaaae na xpanocrs B'b Ilayraaas 0T'b HMnepaTOp'b IOCTHHHaHa npts'b VI B. ce OTBaCH He C8MO aa )J.OJlHSlTa rpaacxa crsaa, HO H )J.O OHaSi na Xacapasxa, liMnepaTOp'b IOCTHHHaH'b e H3BtCTeH'b C'b MHO' >KeCTBO YKptnHTenHH pa60TH, KOHTO 6HJI'b H3)J.HrHaJl'b no )J.YHaBCKHSI 6ptr'b H HS'b B~TptwHoCTbTa na uapCTBOTO, sa SaUl,HTa 0T'b lIeCTHn Hana)J.eHHSI na cssepaara aapona, caassaa, 6'bnrapH, asapa H np. OCBtH'b HOBH KynH H xpbnocra, IOCTHHHaH'b B'bs06HOBHJI'b H 3aKptmfJl'b crapars. 3a B'b306 HOBJIeHHeTO aa KptnoCTHn B'b Cpbnaaeana .naKHSI on IOCTHHHaHa Flpoxona KaSBa cnt)J.HOTO: " (liMnepaTOp'bT'b) KaTO HaMtpH paanannaaa on BptMeTo xpsnocraars mHH na CepJJ.HKa H HHW'b, a oute H na I'epaaaa H Flayraaas, B'bSllHrHa ra, na MOraT'b na npOTHBOCTOSlT'b na BpalKecKHn Hana)J.eHHSI- .1) A lie TOBa HSBtCTHe aacsra H xacapa'suncara xparrocn, na Ilayraaas, nHIIH on pasKpHTHSITa npa paaxomcars, 0T'b <popMaTa sa noCTpoAKHTt, o~ rpa)J.e>KHHSI MaTepHan'b Ii TeXHHKaTa, KaKTO H OT)J.tJlHHn npt)J.MeTH, HaM'hpeHH TaM'b.

npt.llH paSKonKHn He J1HlleXa HHKaKBH cnt)J.H 0T'b KptnoCTHHTt crsaa, SaUl,OTO xpsnocrsra OT)J.aBHa e 6H11a cscanaaa, KaM'bHHn H ryxnHn 0T'b aes paSHeceHH H pasxsspseaa. CaMO na HaH-BHCOKOTO MtCTO, npa 6poAKa·5 (rne)J.aH naaaa na xpsnocrsra, 06p; 66), ce BH>K)J.awe Kyn'h 0T'b C'b60peHH mHH.UtnoTo paaaame aa XHCapn'bKa 6t oopacao C'b rp'ssa, xpacre H )J.'bpBeTa, raaaao sepeuroaa. KlOcTeH)J.HJlCKaTa rpaacxa 06- Ul,HHa santcH Xacapassa C'b 60plleTa, KOHTO cera 06pa3YBaT"b )J.OCTa ro-

1) 'Ana. xa.t l!~tx'il' xa.l Na.rOOU'ltOASm" ht J1iY'tOt rspJ1a.vTi, u xa.l Da.u'tOtAs!a., ~tap~(J)yona. 'tijl Xpo"lP 'tcX. u!X1l s6pW" otXO~J11joa.JlS"o, u ;u" 'tip tlOqla.Aat 1iJ1a.Xa. 'tot, 'ltOASJ1!Otl: ~ta'ltpri;a.'tO st"a.t. Procopius, De redi!. Bonnae, .67-268.

90 Aop. HBaH08'b,KJOCTeHJlHnCKHIIT'b XHCapn'bKb H HerOBHTi; CTapHHH

JI'BMa H r~CTa ropa. 3a na aanasaws ropara, H 'HHe Tpi>6sawe na ce orpaHH'IHM'h npa paSKOnKHT'B. PaSKpHXMe rJlaBHO OCHOBHT'B aa Kpi>noCTbTa H na

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