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Praxis Business School
 
A White paper on
“
Cloud Computing
”
 
Submitted to
 
Prof. Prithwis Mukherjee
 
In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course
 
Business Information System
 On 7/11/2010ByNabeela Khaled(B10011)
 
 Cloud ComputingAbstract:
If you need milk would you buy a cow? No, you would only be
interested in the milk right…well cloud
computing offers this type of service. Resource sharing in a pure plug and play model which dramaticallysimplifies infrastructure planning
is the „promise‟ of cloud computing. The two key benefits of this model
are its cost effectiveness and speed along with agility. Though there remains the question of security andprivacy, the benefits of the model are many.The paper aims to explore the basics of cloud computing,
it‟s
present status and its impact on the futureof IT.
What is cloud computing?
Cloud Computing is one of the latest computer and business industry buzzwords. It joins the rank ofvirtualization, grid computing and clustering among others in the IT industry.Cloud computing is a computing paradigm where a large pool of systems are connected in private orpublic networks to provide dynamically scalable infrastructure for application data and file storage. Itallows individuals and enterprises to use applications without installation and access their personalinformation through any personal computer with internet connection. A simple example of cloudcomputing would be Yahoo or Gmail. The consumer simply needs an internet connection to access hismails. The server and email management software is all on the internet (cloud) which is totally managedby Yahoo or Gmail etc. The consumer gets to use the software and enjoy the benefits.
Characteristics of Cloud Computing:
The cloud computing model distinguishes itself from other computing paradigms like grid computing,utility computing and internet computing in the following aspects:
User centric Interface:
Cloud computing is accessed with simple and pervasive methods. Users obtainand employ computing platforms in computing clouds as easily they access a traditional public utility. Indetail the cloud computing model enjoys the following aspects:
 
The cloud computing model does not force users to change their working habitsand environment.
 
The cloud client software which is to be required to be installed is lightweight.
 
Cloud interfaces are location independent and they can be accessed by somewell established interfaces like web services framework and internet browser.
 On demand service Provisioning:
Cloud Computing provide resources and services for userson demand. Users can customize and personalize their computing platforms at their will.
 Autonomous system:
The cloud computing model is an autonomous system. Hardware,software and services within the cloud can be reconfigured, redesigned and consolidated topresent a single platform which is finally rendered to the user.
 Scalability and flexibility:
These two are the most important aspects that are driving theemergence of cloud computing. Cloud computing services can spread across many concernsincluding geographical locations, hardware performance and software configurations. The
 
computing platforms are flexible enough to adapt to various requirements to a potentially largenumber of users.
 Enabling technologies behind Cloud Computing
A number of enabling technology contribute to the emergence of cloud computing. Several techniquesare identified here:
Virtualization Technology
: Virtualization technologies partition hardware and thus provideflexible and scalable computing platforms. Virtual machine techniques, such as VMware and Xenoffer virtualized IT-infrastructures on demand. Virtual network advances, such as VPN, supportusers with a customized network environment to access Cloud resources. Virtualizationtechniques are the basis of cloud computing since they render flexible and scalable hardwareservices.
Orchestration of service and work flow:
Computing clouds offer a complete set of servicetemplates on demand, which could be composed by services inside the computing cloud.Computing clouds should therefore be able to automatically orchestrate services from differentsources and of different types to form a service flow or workflow transparently and dynamically forusers.
Web services and service oriented Architecture:
Cloud computing services are normallyexposed as Web services, which follow the industry standards. The services organization andorchestration inside clouds could be managed in a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). A set ofcloud services furthermore could be used in a SOA application environment, thus making themavailable on various distributed platforms and could be further accessed across the Internet.
Web 2.0:
Web 2.0 is the technology describing the innovative trends of using World Wide Weband Web Design that aims to enhance creativity, information sharing, collaboration andfunctionality of the Web. The essential idea behind Web 2.0 is to improve the interconnectivityand interactivity of Web applications. The new paradigm to develop and access Web applicationsenables the users to access the Web more easily and efficiently. Clouds computing in nature areWeb applications which render desirable computing services on demand. It is thus a naturaltechnique evolution that Cloud Computing adopts the Web 2.0 technique.
Based on the services the model can provide it can be divided into three categories:Software as a service (SaaS
): In this model an application is offered to the consumer as a service ondemand. A single instance of the software is uploaded on the cloud and multiple end consumers can
licenses and from the provider‟s end
his costs are lowered since only a single application needs to behosted and maintained by him. Today Saas is offered by companies like Zoho, Google and Microsoft.
Platform as a service (Paas)
: Here a layer of software is presented to the consumer or a developmentalservice is offered to the consumer as a service upon which higher levels of service can be built. Theconsumer has the freedom to develop his own applications which run on the provi
der‟s infrastructure.
 
Example of PaaS would include Google‟s Engine and Windows Azure by Microsoft.
 
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
: This service provides basic storage and computing facilities asstandardized services. Servers, Storage systems networking equipment are made available to handle3Tera.
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