Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
Critical Issues
2
Critical Issues
“ To educate a man in mind and not in moral is to educate
a menace to the society’.
Theodore Roosevelt
A ‘menace’ is a possible source of danger or harm, a threat, hazard,
nuisance or pain in the neck
4
Objectives
Strengthen your ability to anticipate, critically analyze and
appropriately respond to all critical and social challenges
that confront managers (marketers) in business
5
Structure
1. Conceptual Issues in Ethics and Moral
Reasoning
6
The Ethics ‘Nots’
Ethics is not the same as feelings.
Though feelings could provide an important clue to our
ethical choices.
7
The Ethics ‘Nots’ contd.
Ethics is not merely being legal.
A good system of law may not incorporate ethical
standards, laws can deviate from what is ethical. Law can
be unethical especially in a totalitarian regime. Law can
be an instrument of operation and exploitation, designed
to serve the interest of the few.
Ethics is not merely adhering to culturally accepted
norms.
While some cultures are quite ethical, others are corrupt
or blind to certain ethical concerns.
It is not a satisfactory ethical standard to say “When in
Rome, do as the Romans” though it is advisable to be
sensitive to cultural norms when entering another 8
environment.
The Ethics ‘Nots’ contd.
Ethics is not science.
Though science can provide important information to help
us make better ethical choices. Science alone does not tell
us what we ought to do. It may provide information for what
humans are like. But ethics provides reasons for how
humans ought to act. And just because something is
scientifically or technologically possible does not make it
ethical.
Ethics is not the same as values.
Values imply the conscious prioritizing of different
behavioural alternatives or standards that are perceived
possible, worthwhile or esteemed for the individual, an
institution or nation value is more personal that factual. 9
The Ethics ‘Nots’ contd.
Ethics is not the same as morality.
Morality refers to the beliefs and practices about good
and evil by means of which we guide our behaviour.
Morals are one’s personal guiding principles.
10
What is Ethics?
Philosophy of living
A set of fundamental truths that shape your character
and define who you are.
They govern your decision-making process and
behavioural choices.
In the journey of life, ethics serves as the foundation
for living.
Like a compass, they provide orientation and direction.
Like a map, they guide you onward.
This philosophy of living is called ethics.
11
What is Ethics?
Ethics as a branch of philosophy is a systematic attempt to
understand the nature and foundations of morality and its
effect on our conduct. (An Inquiry)
13
Normative Ethics
16
ARISTOTLELISM (Virtue Ethics)
19
Kantianism (Ethics of Duty)
First Formulation
21
Kant’s Categorical Imperatives
(unconditional command)
22
The second formulation of CI contd.
23
Ethical Decision Making in Marketing
25
Ethical Decision Making (1st case)
27
Ethical Decision Making Framework contd.
What are the options for acting? Have all the relevant
persons and groups been consulted? If you showed your
list of options to someone you respect, what would that
28
person say?
Ethical Decision Making Framework contd.
30
Ethical Decision Making Framework contd.
33
Ethical Challenges in Marketing and Sales
(Ethical marketing)
Falsehood
It is a mistake, and it is not usually intentional and
intended to mislead.
36
Ethical Challenges in Marketing and Sales
contd.
Advertising
38
Overzealous Pursuit of Personal Gain,
Wealth, and Selfish Interests.
People obsessed with wealth accumulation,
greed, power, and status often:
Push ethical principles aside in their quest for self gain
Business cultures
1. Ethics of Competition
2. Ethics of Exchange
42
Company Culture and Industry Practices
Ethics of Competition
Most common unethical competitive behavior
Economic espionage‐the clandestine collection of trade
secrets or proprietary information about a company’s
competitors.
Bribery ‐often disguised as gifts, consulting fees, and
favors. This practice is more common in
business‐to‐business and government marketing than in
consumer marketing.
43
Company Culture and Industry Practices
Ethics of Exchange
44
Company Culture Places Profits and Good
Performance Ahead of Ethical Behavior
Right to safety.
Right to be informed.
Right to choose.
Right to be heard.
45
Does it Pay to be Ethical?
46
Questions/Comments?
47
THANK U!
Offia Enyichukwu Omeaku
Research Consultant
Ethoscope, Lekki Lagos
08034161282, enoffia@yahoo.com
48