Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION:
What comes to your mind when you had detoriation from health?
Resources Allopathic
AYUSH
• Morbidity mortality
• Demographic
• Environment
• Socio economic
• Cultural
• Medical, health service
• Other (water…)
Mortality:
DEMOGRAPHIC:
Morbidity:
Other problems:
♦ Population
♦ Nutrition
♦ Environment nutrition population exposure
PEM:
Common is morasmus
Severe mall nutrition seen in 2- 3% of preschooler
Mild moderate cases 80%
Anemia:
Nutritional blindness:
Keratomalacia
Seen among 1to 3 years of age
Iodine defiency:
Environment:
Uneven
Crowded in cities
Inadequate staff
Essential drug shortage
74% rural do not have hospital
Resources:
Through put:
Scope:
varied
As per health problems
Finance
Reduction in morbidity
Reduction in mortality
Increase life expectation
Decrease population rate
Improve nutritional status
Provision of basic sanitation
Resource development
Basic sanitation
Reduce poverty
Improve food production
Literacy rate
Goal: HFA
Types of services:
Curative
Promotive, preventive
Rehabilitative
• Services should be
• Comprehensive
• Accessible
• Community participation
• Cost: economic affordable
Modern medicine
AYUSH
sub centre
b. hospitals and health centers:
d. other agencies:
defense services
railways
2. private sector:
private hospital, polyclinic
3. Indegeneous system:
( AYUSH):
1977 Rural health scheme: placing health in peoples hand, 3 tier structure
1978 alma ata
Goals
Now in villages rural development is done through rural health mission and
by state projects
Dais:
Anganwadi workers:
Private agencies
Health insurance:
Kerala
Only for mother and baby
BPL families
Pilot project
216 hospitals
Service: surgical procedure, delivery
Premium: 250 + 5% tax
Reimbursement: 20,000 on hospital bills
Functions:
• Supplementing the work of government
• Why?
• Pioneering: research, health programme and projects
• Education: health education
• Demonstration of projects: Rockefeller and bore hole latrines
• Voicing out the work of government
• Recommendation for health legislation: asking public opinion
• 1950
• Head quarters in Delhi
Activities:
• Funds for various leprosy clinic and homes
• Publication of posters
• Training medical and physiotherapy
• Conducting research
• Conference
• Publication journal leprosy in India( quarterly journal)
Activities:
o Child security
• Laws and legislation
• Unable the children to develop physically, mentally, morally
healthy
• Develop environment for child that gives respect and dignity
TB association of India:
Branches all over activities: fund raising
Training doctors
Consultation
Conference1939
Health education
Professional bodies:
Activities:
• conferences
• Scientific sessions
• Publication
• Exhibitions
• Research
• Relief camps
International agencies:
ROCK FELLER, CARE, ILO, WHO, UNICEF
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FORD FOUNDATION:
• HAND FLUSH LATRINE
• TRAINING COURSES IN PPUBLIC HEALTH IN ITS TRAINING CENTER AI
SINGUR
• ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONALINSTITUTE OF HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
AT DELHI
• CALCUTTA WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE PROJECT
• SUPPORTS RESEARCH ON FAMILY PLANNINF AND REPRODUCTORY
BIOLOGY
FAO:
• APPLIED NUTRITION PROGRAMME
• NUTRITION SURVEYS
• TRAINING COURSES
• SEMINARS
• RESEARCH
• ZOONOTIC DISEASES TRAINING PROGRAMME
ILO
WHO:
OUT BREAK OF DISEASES
VACCINES, DRUGS
HEALTH LITERATURE
MEDICAL LIBRARIES
PROGRAMME PERTAINING ENVIRONMENT AND MCH
UNICEF
APPLIED NUTRITION
SCHOOL GARDEN
SEEDS
AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY AND TOOLS
National health programme:
Classification I1
• Vertical or centrally sponsored
• Horizontal
• District sponsored programmes
• Combined programme
• Intergrated programmes, merged
MCH PROGRAMME:
CSSM
RCH
RURAL HEALTH MISSION
NUTRITIONAL PROGRAMMES
BALWADI
APPLIED
MID DAY
IDD CONTROL
IRON ANF FOLIC ACID
VIT.A DEFIECIENCY
OTHER PROGRAMMES:
UNIVERSA IMMUNISATION PROGRAMME
NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMME
National surveillance programme for diseases(1994)
Intergrated disease surviellane programme(2004)
National family welfare programme
National water supply and sanitation programme
Minimum needs
20 points programme
1977 Rural health scheme: placing health in peoples hand, 3 tier structure
1978 alma ata
Goals
Dais:
Private agencies
Indigenous system of medicine
Voluntary agencies
Indian red cross
Hind kusht nivaran sangh
Indian council for child welfare
T.B association
Bharat sevak samaj
Central social welfare board
Kasturba memorial fund
F.P association of India
All India womens conference
All India blind relief society
Professional bodies
International agencies
VOLUNATARY ORGANISATION
* 1952
* affiliated to international union for child welfare
* aim: all dimension health by means of law and other means
* state and district
T. B. ASSOCIATION OF INDIA
* 1939
* all most all state
* training, campaign
* it manages national T B center
F P ASSOCIATION OF INDIA
1949
head quarters Mumbai
they conduct F P clinic
get government aid
train doctor , health visitors, social worker
clears queries
THE KASTURBA MEMORIAL FUND
* 1944
* women help through gram sevak
* 1926
* M C H clinic, adult education, milk centre ,F P clinic
Eg;
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION
NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMME
ERADICATION PROGRAMME
1. Guinea worm
2. Pulse polio
3. Filaria
4. Leprosy
CONTROL PROGRAMME
1. T.B.
2. AIDS
3. DIABETES
4. BLINDNESS
5. CANCER
6. MALARIA
7. JAPANES ENCEPHALITIS
M C H PROGRAMME
1. C.S.S.M
2. R.C.H
3. F.P
NUTRITIONAL PROGRAMME
`1. VIT. A. Prophylasis
2. Iron & folic acid
3. Balwadi
4. Applied
5. Special nutrition
6. Iodine deficiency
7. mid day meal
OTHER PROGRAMME:
UNIVERSAL IMMUNISATION
MENTAL HEALTH
20 POINTS
MINIMUM POINTS
WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION
FIVE YEARS
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
prevention
therapeutic
treatment
rehabilitation
WORK FORCE TO DELIVER PERSONAL CARE:
DELIVERY SYSTEM:
physician office
community centre
community nursing centre
managed care organization
MANAGED CARE ORGANISATION:
health maintain organization
preferred care organisation
H. M. O
First organized system of health care
fixed fee
78 million enrolled
provides services like specified period hospital stay
Emergency care, preventive care.
P. P. O.
Second common type
It acts as link between care providers and insurance company.
Fee not fixed
Can choose preferred doctor, cost
HEALTH INSURANCE
N P.
M.S.C. speciality
Adopted special skills – history taking, diagnosis, drug, psy-
social skill, prevention aspect …and physical assessment.
They are able to perform 60- 80 % of physician work
Adv: less money equal and better quality care
C. N. M.
M.S.C.
5800 [2002]
Give antenatal, post natal, labour, F. P., prescribe medicine,
referral, newborn ,collaborative services
P. A.
B. S. C.
Under doctors license
40469 [2002]
skilled – history, physical assessment, medicine, diagnosis ,
treat un complicated medical condition
Rising cost
Access
Dissatisfied
Competitive force
Evidence based care
System of recording
Shift of nurses to community
Continue edu.
Separate public health sectors
Technology
Specialized professional
Over emphasis –tech-least importance -…..
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