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REPRODUCTION IN MAN
The male reproductive organs
Fig 8.12 shows the reproductive organs of a
man.
layer of jelly
nucleus containing chromosomes
If the egg is not fertilised by a sperm within 8-24 hours after
ovulation, it will die.
vesicle containing
enzymes, to
dissolve a way into
the egg cell
If there is an egg in the
oviduct, it wi be fertilised
2 Fertilisation. A sperm
nucleus fuses with the
egg nucleus, forming a
zygote
1 Ovulation. A
mature follicle
bursts, and
releases an egg
into the oviduct.
spongy
lining of
uterus
placenta
Umbilical cord
foetus
vagina
Section of the Placenta
foetus' blood
separated from
mother's blood
by thin wall of
placenta thin wall of
placenta
An amnion protects the embryo.
By eleven weeks after fertilisation they have become organised into all
the different organs.
wall of the
vagina, which can
wall of cervix, which has stretch to allow
gradually become wide enough the baby to be
for the baby to be pushed pushed through
through
The baby is still attached to the uterus by the
umbilical cord and the placenta.
Soon after the birth of the baby, they begin to make milk.
In boys, these include growth of facial and pubic hair, breaking of the
voice, and muscular development.
In girls, pubic hair begins to grow, the breasts develop, and the pelvic
girdle becomes broader.
Venus was the ancient goddess of love and sex is an act of deep love.
There are many methods of birth control and new ones are
being developed all the time.
Each individual woman has to find the type which suits her.
Anther stamen
filament
sepal
nectary
Just inside the sepals are the petals.
placenta
receptacle
The female part of the flower is in the centre.
It contains an ovary.
At the top of the ovary is the style, with a stigma at the tip.
The function of the stigma is to catch pollen grains.
You can see in Fig 8.30b that the anther has four spaces or
pollen sacs inside it.
Some of the cells around the edge of the pollen sacs divide by
meiosis to make pollen grains.
When the flower bud opens, the anthers split open (see Fig 8.30c).
Under the microscope, you can see the shape of individual grains (see
Fig 8.31).
Stigma inside flower, where insect has to brush Stigma large and feathery, dangling outside
past it to get to nectar flower, where pollen in the air may land on it
Sticky or spiky pollen grains, which will stick to insects Smooth, light pollen, which can be blown in the wind
Quite large quantities of pollen made, because some Very large quantities of pollen made, because most will
will be eaten, or carried to the wrong sort of flower be blown away and lost
Pollen tubes take male gametes to
ovules
After pollination, the male gamete inside the pollen grain on
the stigma still has not reached the female gamete.
The pollen tube grows down through the style and the
ovary, towards the ovule (see Fig 8.35).
It secretes enzymes to digest a pathway through the style.
The pollen tube grows through the micropyle, into the ovule.
The male gamete travels along the pollen tube, and into the ovule.
It fuses with the female gamete.
The sepals, petals and stamens have all done their job.
style
micropyle
wall of ovary
ovule
If this happens, they compete for light, water and nutrients, so that none
of them can grow properly.
Fruits and seeds are dispersed by animals and water and through the air.
his makes new cells with the same number and kind of chromosomes
as the parent's cells.
The cells which are made are called gametes, and they have only half
as many chromosomes as the parent cell.
The new plants which grow from them will all be slightly
different from one another, and there is a good chance that
some of them will be well adapted to the new conditions
they find themselves in.