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LISTING PROGRAM
# include <iostream.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
# include <stdio.h>
# include <iomanip.h>
# include <complex.h>
float tol,input,d2,d3,m2,m3,a1,a2,a3,b1,b2,b3,diaG[10],diaB[10],dia_S[10],Rel[10],
matB1[10][10],matB2[10][10],mata[10][10],bag,kli,inv[10][10],
delta_dho[10][70],delta_V[10][70],delta_P[10][70],delta_Q[10][70],
V[10][70],dho[10][70];
void jenis_rel();
void entri_Y();
void nilai_awal_rel();
void daya_tiap_rel();
void matriks_B1();
void matriks_B2();
void iterasi_utama();
void garis1();
void garis2();
void output_utama();
void main()
{
cout << " =============================================================="<<endl;
cout << " PROGRAM ANALISIS LOAD FLOW "<<endl;
cout << " MENGGUNAKAN METODE FAST DECOUPLED NEWTON RAPHSON "<<endl;
cout << " disajikan oleh : Frisal Argha Kusumah "<<endl;
cout << " Peserta Mata Kuliah ASD II "<<endl;
cout << " Teknik Elektro Universitas Brawijaya Malang"<<endl;
cout << " =============================================================="<<endl;
cout << " Bismillahirrahmanirrahim "<<endl;
cout << " Assalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh "<<endl;
cout << " Untuk memulai program silakan mengentrikan nilai data berikut "<<endl;
cout << " Dengan ketentuan banyaknya Bus maksimal adalah 10! "<<endl;
cout << " Jumlah Bus yang dientrikan= ";cin >> brs;
cout << " Jumlah Elemen yang dientrikan= ";cin >> jum_el;
kol=brs;
cout <<endl<<endl;
jenis_rel();
entri_Y ();
nilai_awal_rel();
daya_tiap_rel();
matriks_B1();
matriks_B2();
cout<<endl<<endl;
void jenis_rel()
{
cout<<"Silakan Mengentrikan nomor jenis Bus yang anda pilih! "<<endl;
cout<<"Untuk nomor 1 adalah jenis Slack Bus "<<endl;
cout<<"Untuk nomor 2 adalah jenis PV Bus "<<endl;
cout<<"Untuk nomor 3 adalah jenis PQ Bus "<<endl;
cout<<"Dimana Bus ke-1 adalah Slack Bus";
cout<<"(tetapan : Slack pada rel no 1 dan jumlahnya 1)"<<endl;
Rel[1]=1;
for(a=2;a<=brs;a++)
{
cout<<"Jenis Bus ke-"<<a<<" adalah Bus dengan nomor : ";
cin>>Rel[a];
if((Rel[a]==1)||(Rel[a]<=0)||(Rel[a]>3))
{
a--;
cout<<"Maaf terjadi kesalahan, Tolong anda Ulangi "<<endl;
continue;
}
else
{}
}
for(a=1;a<=brs;a++)
{
if(Rel[a]==1)
jum_Slack=jum_Slack+1;
else if(Rel[a]==2)
jum_PV=jum_PV+1;
else if(Rel[a]==3)
jum_PQ=jum_PQ+1;
}
void entri_Y()
{
cout<<"Silakan Mengentri nilai Resistansi(R, ohm)dan reaktansi(Y, ohm),";
cout<<"serta line charging(B, mho) tiap Bus! "<<endl;
cout<<"Data entri dalam bentuk pu (per unit)"<<endl;
cout<<"Dimana Bus kirim lebih kecil dari Bus terima"<<endl;
for(i=1;i<=jum_el;i++)
{
cout<<"Tolong hati-hati dalam mengentrikan data tiap bus!"<<endl;
cout<<"Data elemen ke-"<<i<<endl;
cout<<"Dari Bus Kirim : ";cin>>a;
cout<<"Menuju Bus Terima : ";cin>>b;
if((a>brs)||(b>brs)||(a>=b)||(a<=0))
{
i--;
cout<<"Maaf, Data BUS yang anda entrikan salah, tolong dicek lagi"<<endl;
continue;
}
cout<<" Silakan mengentri nilai R = ";cin>>input;
r[a][b]=r[a][b]+input;
cout<<" Silakan mengentri nilai Y = ";cin>>input;
y[a][b]=y[a][b]+input;
cout<<" Silakan mengentri nilai B = ";cin>>input;
input=input/2;
half_line[a][b]=half_line[a][b]+input;
cout<<endl<<endl;
}
for (a=1;a<=brs;a++)
for (b=1;b<=kol;b++)
{
d2=((r[a][b]*r[a][b])+(y[a][b]*y[a][b]));
cout<<"d2= "<<d2<<endl;
if (d2==0)
{
G[a][b]=0;
B[a][b]=0;
}
else if (d2>0)
{
G[a][b]=r[a][b]/d2;
B[a][b]=-y[a][b]/d2;
}
}
{
for (a=1;a<=brs;a++)
for (b=1;b<=kol;b++)
{
if(a>b)
{
G[a][b]=G[b][a];
B[a][b]=B[b][a];
half_line[a][b]=half_line[b][a];
}
else
{
G[a][a]=0;
B[a][a]=0;
half_line[a][a]=0;
}
}
}
{
for (a=1;a<=brs;a++)
for (b=1;b<=kol;b++)
Y1[a][a]=diaG[a];
Y2[a][a]=diaB[a]+dia_S[a];
}
}
else if(a<b)
{
Y1[a][b]=-(G[a][b]);
Y2[a][b]=-(B[a][b]);
}
else
{
Y1[a][b]=-(G[b][a]);
Y2[a][b]=-(B[b][a]);
}
}
for (a=1;a<=brs;a++)
for (b=1;b<=kol;b++)
{
input=(Y1[a][b]*Y1[a][b]+Y2[a][b]*Y2[a][b]);
Y[a][b]=sqrt(input);
if (Y1[a][b]<0)
{
if(Y2[a][b]<0)
{
teta[a][b]=pi+atan(Y2[a][b]/Y1[a][b]);
}
else if(Y2[a][b]==0)
{
teta[a][b]=pi;
}
else
{
teta[a][b]=pi+atan(Y2[a][b]/Y1[a][b]);
}
}
else if(Y1[a][b]==0)
{
if(Y2[a][b]<0)
{
teta[a][b]=-(pi/2);
}
else if(Y2[a][b]==0)
{
teta[a][b]=0;
}
else
{
teta[a][b]=(pi/2);
else
{
if(Y2[a][b]<0)
{
input=atan(Y2[a][b]/Y1[a][b]);
teta[a][b]=input;
}
else if(Y2[a][b]==0)
{
teta[a][b]=0;
}
else
{
input=atan(Y2[a][b]/Y1[a][b]);
teta[a][b]=input;
}
}
}
}
void nilai_awal_rel()
{
cout<<endl<<endl;
cout<<"Silakan Mengentri Nilai awal V, sudut fasa, P, atau Q : "<<endl;
cout<<"Dimana semua satuan dalam pu dan sudut fasa dalam radian : "<<endl;
for(a=1;a<=brs;a++)
{
if(Rel[a]==1)
{
cout<<endl;
cout<<" Silakan Mengentri data bus ke-"<<a<<" (Slack Bus) :"<<endl;
cout<<" Silakan Mengentri nilai V = ";cin>>V[a][0];
cout<<" Silakan Mengentri nilai dho = ";cin>>dho[a][0];
}
else if(Rel[a]==2)
{
cout<<endl;
cout<<" Silakan Mengentri data bus ke-"<<a<<" (PV Bus) :"<<endl;
cout<<" Silakan Mengentri nilai V = ";cin>>V[a][0];
cout<<" Silakan Mengentri nilai P netto (P_sp) = ";cin>>P_sp[a];
cout<<" Untuk keperluan iterasi, diberi nilai awal dho=0 "<<endl;
dho[a][0]=0;
}
else
{
cout<<endl;
cout<<" Silakan Mengentri data bus ke-"<<a<<" (PQ Bus) :"<<endl;
cout<<" Silakan Mengentri nilai P netto (P_sp) = ";cin>>P_sp[a];
cout<<" Silakan Mengentri nilai Q netto (Q_sp)= ";cin>>Q_sp[a];
cout<<" Untuk keperluan iterasi,";
cout<<" diberikan nilai awal V=1 dan dho=0"<<endl;
V[a][0]=1;
dho[a][0]=0;
}
}
}
void daya_tiap_rel()
{
for(a=1;a<=brs;a++)
{
if(Rel[a]==1)
{ }
else if(Rel[a]==2)
{
a1=0;
for (b=1;b<=brs;b++)
{
a2=a2+V[a][0]*V[b][0]*Y[a][b]*cos(teta[a][b]-dho[a][0]+dho[b][0]);
}
P[a][0]=a2;
delta_P[a][0]=P_sp[a]-P[a][0];
}
else
{ a2=a3=0;
for (b=1;b<=brs;b++)
{
a2=a2+V[a][0]*V[b][0]*Y[a][b]*cos(teta[a][b]-dho[a][i]+dho[b][0]);
a3=a3+V[a][0]*V[b][0]*Y[a][b]*sin(teta[a][b]-dho[a][0]+dho[b][0]);
}
P[a][0]=a2;
Q[a][0]=-a3;
delta_P[a][0]=P_sp[a]-P[a][0];
delta_Q[a][0]=Q_sp[a]-Q[a][0];
}
}
}
void matriks_B1()
{
{
for(i=2;i<=brs;i++)
for(j=2;j<=brs;j++)
{
mata[i][j]=Y2[i][j];
}
for(i=2;i<=brs;i++)
for(j=2;j<=brs;j++)
{
if(i==j)
inv[i][j]=1;
else
inv[i][j]=0;
}
cout<<"\n\n";
for(tlh=2;tlh<=brs;tlh++)
{
for(j=2;j<=brs;j++)
{
if(tlh==j)
{
bag=mata[tlh][j];
for(j=2;j<=brs;j++)
{
for(i=2;i<=brs;i++)
for(j=2;j<=brs;j++)
{
inv_B1[i][j]=inv[i][j];
}
}
//convert
cout<<endl<<endl<<endl;
for(j=1;j<=brs;j++)
{
inv_B1[1][j]=inv_B1[j][1]=0;
}
for(i=1;i<=brs;i++)
for(j=1;j<=brs;j++)
cout<<"J1["<<i<<"]["<<j<<"]="<<inv_B1[i][j]<<endl;
void matriks_B2()
{
for(a=1;a<=(brs-c+1);a++)
for(b=1;a<=brs;a++)
{
matB2[a][b]=Y2[a][b];
}
//seleksi baris
{
for(c=1;c<=brs;c++)
{
if(Rel[c]==3)
{
iter_brs=iter_brs+1;
for(b=1;b<=kol;b++)
{
matB2[iter_brs][b]=Y2[c][b];
}
}
else
{}
//seleksi kolom
{
for(c=1;c<=brs;c++)
{
if(Rel[c]==3)
{
iter_kol=iter_kol+1;
for(b=1;b<=iter_brs;b++)
{
cout<<endl;
matB2[b][iter_kol]=matB2[b][c];
}
}
else
{}
}
}
// invers matriks B2
{
for(i=1;i<=iter_brs;i++)
for(j=1;j<=iter_brs;j++)
{
mata[i][j]=matB2[i][j];
}
for(i=1;i<=iter_brs;i++)
for(j=1;j<=iter_brs;j++)
{
if(i==j)
inv[i][j]=1;
else
inv[i][j]=0;
}
cout<<"\n\n";
for(tlh=1;tlh<=iter_brs;tlh++)
{
for(j=1;j<=iter_brs;j++)
{
if(tlh==j)
{
bag=mata[tlh][j];
for(j=1;j<=iter_brs;j++)
{
mata[tlh][j]=mata[tlh][j]/bag;
inv[tlh][j]=inv[tlh][j]/bag;
}
}
}
for(i=1;i<=iter_brs;i++)
{
if(i!=tlh)
{
kli=mata[i][tlh];
for(j=1;j<=iter_brs;j++)
{
}
cout<<endl<<endl;
// convert
for(a=1;a<=brs;a++)
{
if(Rel[a]==3)
{
iter_B2=iter_B2+1;
iter_B3=0;
for(b=1;b<=brs;b++)
{
if(Rel[b]==3)
{
iter_B3=iter_B3+1;
inv_B2[a][b]=inv[iter_B2][iter_B3];
cout<<"J["<<a<<"]["<<b<<"]="<<inv_B2[a][b]<<endl;
}
else
{
inv_B2[a][b]=0;
cout<<"J["<<a<<"]["<<b<<"]="<<inv_B2[a][b]<<endl;
}
}
}
else
{
for(b=1;b<=brs;b++)
{
inv_B2[a][b]=0;
cout<<"J["<<a<<"]["<<b<<"]="<<inv_B2[a][b]<<endl;
}
}
}
void iterasi_utama()
{
for(i=1;i<=iterasi;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=brs;j++)
{
if(Rel[j]==1)
{
dho[j][i]=dho[j][i-1];
V[j][i]=V[j][i-1];
}
else if(Rel[j]==2)
{
b1=0;
for(a=2;a<=brs;a++)
delta_V[j][i-1]=0;
delta_dho[j][i-1]=-b1;
dho[j][i]=dho[j][i-1]+delta_dho[j][i-1];
V[j][i]=V[j][i-1];
else if (Rel[j]==3)
{
b2=b3=0;
for(a=2;a<=brs;a++)
{
b2=b2+inv_B1[j][a]*delta_P[a][i-1]/V[a][i-1];
b3=b3+inv_B2[j][a]*delta_Q[a][i-1]/V[a][i-1];
}
delta_dho[j][i-1]=-b2;
delta_V[j][i-1]=-b3;
dho[j][i]=dho[j][i-1]+delta_dho[j][i-1];
V[j][i]=V[j][i-1]+delta_V[j][i-1];
}
}
else if(Rel[j]==2)
{
a1=0;
for (b=1;b<=brs;b++)
{
a1=a1+V[j][i]*V[b][i]*Y[j][b]*cos(teta[j][b]-dho[j][i]+dho[b]
[i]);
}
P[j][i]=a1;
delta_P[j][i]=P_sp[j]-P[j][i];
}
else if(Rel[j]==3)
{
a2=a3=0;
for (b=1;b<=brs;b++)
{
a2=a2+V[j][i]*V[b][i]*Y[j][b]*cos(teta[j][b]-dho[j][i]
+dho[b][i]);
a3=a3+V[j][i]*V[b][i]*Y[j][b]*sin(teta[j][b]-dho[j][i]
+dho[b][i]);
}
P[j][i]=a2;
Q[j][i]=-a3;
delta_P[j][i]=P_sp[j]-P[j][i];
void garis1()
{
for(int i=1;i<=50;i++)
cout<<"-";
void garis2()
{
for(int i=1;i<=80;i++)
cout<<"=";
}
void output_utama()
{
clrscr();
//OUTPUT HEADER
{
garis2();
cout<<"Alhamdulillah telah didapat hasil perhitungan sebagai berikut :"<<endl;
garis2();garis2();
cout<<" PROGRAM ANALISIS LOAD FLOW"<<endl;
cout<<" METODE FAST DECOUPLE NEWTON RAPHSON "<<endl;
cout<<" disajikan oleh Frisal Argha Kusumah"<<endl;
cout<<" Peserta Mata Kuliah ASD II"<<endl;
cout<<" Dengan NIM 0610630040"<<endl;
cout<<" Teknik Elektro Universitas Brawijaya Malang"<<endl;
garis2();garis2();
for(a=1;a<=brs;a++)
{
if(Rel[a]==1)
cout<<"Rel ke-"<<a<<" adalah Slack Bus"<<endl;
else if(Rel[a]==2)
cout<<"Rel ke-"<<a<<" adalah PV Bus"<<endl;
else if(Rel[a]==3)
cout<<"Rel ke-"<<a<<" adalah PQ Bus"<<endl;
}
cout<<endl;
cout<<"JUMLAH SLACK BUS : "<<jum_Slack<<endl;
cout<<"JUMLAH PV BUS : "<<jum_PV<<endl;
cout<<"JUMLAH PQ BUS : "<<jum_PQ<<endl;
cout<<endl;
cout<<"JUMLAH BUS : "<<brs<<endl;
cout<<"JUMLAH ELEMEN : "<<jum_el<<endl;
cout<<endl<<endl<<endl;
garis2();
cout<<" DATA AWAL JARINGAN ANDA ENTRIKAN ADALAH "<<endl;
else if(Rel[a]==2)
{
cout<<"DATA AWAL BUS KE-"<<a<<endl;
cout<<"V = "<<V[a][0]<<endl;
cout<<"P netto (P_sp) = "<<P_sp[a]<<endl;
cout<<"dho = "<<"0"<<endl;
cout<<endl;
}
else if(Rel[a]==3)
{
cout<<"DATA AWAL BUS KE-"<<a<<endl;
cout<<"P netto (P_sp) = "<<P_sp[a]<<endl;
cout<<"Q netto (Q_sp) = "<<Q_sp[a]<<endl;
cout<<"V = "<<"0"<<endl;
cout<<"dho = "<<"0"<<endl;
cout<<endl;
}
}
cout<<endl<<endl<<endl;
garis2();
cout<<" MATRIKS Y BUS "<<endl;
garis2();cout<<endl;
{
for (a=1;a<=brs;a++)
{
cout<<endl;
for (b=1;b<=kol;b++)
cout<<setw(7)<<" ("<<Y1[a][b]<<" ; "<<Y2[a][b]<<") ";
}
}
cout<<endl<<endl<<endl;
garis2();
cout<<" MATRIKS B' "<<endl;
garis2();cout<<endl;
{
for(i=2;i<=brs;i++)
{
cout<<endl;
for(j=2;j<=brs;j++)
cout<<setw(12)<<inv_B1[i][j];
}
}
cout<<endl<<endl<<endl;
garis2();
cout<<" MATRIKS B'' "<<endl;
garis2();cout<<endl;
garis2();
cout<<" ITERASI "<<endl;
garis2();
cout<<"JUMLAH ITERASI :"<<iterasi<<endl;
cout<<"TOLERANSI :"<<tol<<endl;
garis2();cout<<endl;
for(a=1;a<=brs;a++)
{
if (Rel[a]==1)
{
garis1();cout<<endl;
cout<<"ITERASI BUS KE-"<<a<<endl;
garis1();cout<<endl;
cout<<"It."<<setw(9)<<" delta_V "<<setw(9)<<" V "<<setw(9)<<"
delta_dho "<<setw(9)<<"dho"<<endl;
garis2();
for(i=1;i<=iterasi;i++)
{
cout<<setw(2)<<i<<"."<<setw(9)<<delta_V[a][i-1]<<setw(11)<<V[a]
[i]<<setw(11)<<delta_dho[a][i-1]<<setw(11)<<dho[a][i]<<endl;
}
}
else if (Rel[a]==2)
{
cout<<endl<<endl;
garis2();
garis1();cout<<endl;
cout<<"ITERASI BUS KE-"<<a<<endl;
garis1();cout<<endl;
cout<<"It."<<setw(9)<<" P "<<setw(9)<<" delta_P ";
cout<<setw(9)<<" delta_V "<<setw(9)<<" V ";
cout<<setw(9)<<" delta_dho "<<setw(9)<<"dho"<<endl;
garis2();
for(i=1;i<=iterasi;i++)
{
cout<<setiosflags(ios::fixed);
cout<<setw(2)<<i<<"."<<setw(9)<<setprecision(5)<<P[a][i-
1]<<setw(9)<<setprecision(5)<<delta_P[a][i-1];
cout <<setw(11)<<setprecision(5)<<delta_V[a][i-
1] <<setw(11)<<setprecision(5)<<V[a][i];
cout <<setw(11)<<setprecision(5)<<delta_dho[a]
[i-1]<<setw(11)<<setprecision(5)<<dho[a][i]<<endl;
}
}
else if (Rel[a]==3)
{
cout<<endl<<endl;
cout<<endl<<endl;
cout<<"It."<<setw(9)<<" delta_V "<<setw(9)<<" V ";
cout<< setw(15)<<" delta_dho "<<setw(10)<<"dho"<<endl;
garis1();cout<<endl;
for(i=1;i<=iterasi;i++)
{
cout<<setiosflags(ios::fixed);
cout<<setw(2)<<i<<"."<<setw(11)<<setprecision(5)<<delta_V[a][i-1]
<<setw(11)<<setprecision(5)<<V[a][i];
cout<< setw(11)<<setprecision(5)<<delta_dho[a][i-
1]<<setw(13)<<setprecision(5)<<dho[a][i]<<endl;
}
}
}
// output terakhir
garis2();
cout<<" PADA ITERASI TERAKHIR "<<endl;
garis2();cout<<endl;
baca a=2;a<=brs;a++
jumlah bus dan elemen
Baca
Rel [a]
jenis_rel()
Rel N
entri_Y()
[a]==1
nilai_awal_rel() Y Rel N
[a]==2
tulis Y
daya_tiap_rel() “input salah”
jum_PV=jum_PV+1
matriks_B1()
jum_PQ=jum_PQ+1
matriks_B2()
baca
iterasi maks.,toleransi
iterasi_utama()
Membuat Y rel
output_utama()
END
STOP
Fungsi nilai_awal_rel
START
tulis
“Input nilai awal V,
dho, P, Q”
a=1;a<=brs;a++
Rel N
[a]==1
Y
Rel N
baca [a]==2
dho[a][0],V[a][0 baca
] Y P[a][0],Q[a][0]
baca
P[a][0],V[a][0]
Fungsi entri Y
START
a=1;a<=brs;a++
b=1;b<=kol;b++
baca
r[a][b],y[a][b],B[a][b]
a=1;a<=brs;a++
b=1;b<=kol;b++
A
N
a==b
Y
diaB[a]=0 N
a<b
j=1;j<=kol;j++ Y
Y2[a][b]=-(B[a][b]) Y2[a][b]=-(B[b][a])
diaB[a] = diaB[a]+B[a][j]
Y2[a][a]=diaB[a]
END
tulis
“Input nilai awal V,
dho, P, Q”
a=1;a<=brs;a++
Rel N
[a]==1
Y
Rel N
[a]==2
baca baca
dho[a][0],V[a][0] Y P[a][0],Q[a][0]
baca
P[a][0],V[a][0]
END
Fungsi matriks B1 A
START
a=2;a<=brs;a++ i=2;i<=brs;i++
B
b=2;b<=kol;b++ N
i != tlh
Y
mata[i][j]=Y1[i][j]
kli=mata[i][tlh]
i=2;i<=brs;i++ j=2;j<=brs;j++
j=2;j<=brs;j++ mata[i][j]=mata[i][j]-kli*mata[tlh][j];
inv[i][j]=inv[i][j]-kli*inv[tlh][j];
N
Rel [a]==3
Y inv[i][j]=1
inv[i][j]=1
B
i=2;i<=brs;i++
B
j=2;j<=kol;j++
tlh=2;tlh<=brs;tlh++
C
inv_B1[i][j]=inv[i][j]
j=2;j<=brs;j++
A
N END
tlh==j
Y
bag=mata[tlh][j]
j=2;j<=brs;j++
mata[tlh][j]=mata[tlh][j]/bag;
inv[tlh][j]=inv[tlh][j]/bag;
Fungsi matriks B2
START A
a=2;a<=brs;a++ i=2;i<=brs;i++
B
b=2;b<=kol;b++ N
i != tlh
Y
mata[i][j]=Y2[i][j]
kli=mata[i][tlh]
i=2;i<=brs;i++ j=2;j<=brs;j++
j=2;j<=brs;j++ mata[i][j]=mata[i][j]-kli*mata[tlh][j];
inv[i][j]=inv[i][j]-kli*inv[tlh][j];
N
Rel [a]==2
Y inv[i][j]=1
inv[i][j]=1
B
i=2;i<=brs;i++
B
j=2;j<=kol;j++
tlh=2;tlh<=brs;tlh++
C
inv_B2[i][j]=inv[i][j]
j=2;j<=brs;j++
A
N END
tlh==j
Y
bag=mata[tlh][j]
j=2;j<=brs;j++
mata[tlh][j]=mata[tlh][j]/bag;
inv[tlh][j]=inv[tlh][j]/bag;
tulis
i=1;i<=iterasi;i++
Jenis bus, jumlah bus,
jumlah elemen, data
awal, dan matriks j=1;j<=brs;j++
i=1;i<=iterasi;i++ baca
r[a][b],y[a][b],B[a][b]
j=1;j<=brs;j++
Rel N
N [a]==1
Rel [a]==1
Y Rel N
Y N [a]==2
Rel [a]==2
Y Hitung V,dho
tulis
Iterasi rel slack Y
Hitung V
tulis
Iterasi rel PV
tulis
Iterasi rel
PQ
Update data P,Q, dan delta_V,
delta_dho,delta_P,delta_Q semua bus
tulis
Hasil akhir tiap rel
END
END